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Jakobsen LM, Lind R. ´You are not yourself anymore´: The place of the ethical demand in a practical home care context. Scand J Caring Sci 2023; 37:79-87. [PMID: 35348235 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
THE STUDY'S RATIONALE The Scandinavian nursing tradition is based on caring science as the ontological backdrop. This means that meeting the patient with openness and respect is essential in care. The experiences of an elderly woman receiving home nursing provide insight into a world many healthcare workers need to understand; meaning what is important in the encounter with the fragile old patient whose voice is not often heard in the society nor in research. Caring science with its person-oriented care clashes with the New Public Management's ideal for municipal health care in Norway, at the expense of the needs of the elderly patients. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This article aims to express the phenomenon of lived experience as presented by an elderly woman, more specifically her experience of care in home nursing run according to the principles of new public management. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN The article is based on an empirical narrative in the form of an individual qualitative research interview. FINDINGS The patient has needs that cannot be defined without the nurse having an ethical understanding of what may be important in the patient´s lifeworld. The core findings are: Feeling disregarded as a human being, Broken agreements, Surrendering in anonymous relationships and Each day is a different day with altered needs. CONCLUSION The system of New Public Management sets a strain on the time at hand for the nurse to develop a relationship that acknowledges and supports the patient´s life courage. The ethical demand and care ethics can explain how the patient´s will to live can be preserved, and provide knowledge of how the caregiver can best attend to the patient's ways of expressing what is important to her. Nevertheless, within the time at disposal, the nurse has an opportunity to either marginalize or strengthen the old person´s dignity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena M Jakobsen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Ranveig Lind
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway and Research Nurse at Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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2
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Airth L, Oelke ND, Rush KL, Chau S, Szostak C. Living as older adults with mental health concerns in rural British Columbia: A photovoice study. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2462-2471. [PMID: 34755588 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1998360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to understand the mental health experiences of adults 50 years of age and older living in a rural community in British Columbia. METHODS This study used critical social theory and interpretive description. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 8 adults aged 50 years and older. Participants used digital cameras and spent up to five weeks taking photos of representations of their life as an older adult with a mental health concern in a rural community. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore participants' reasons for taking various photos, unveiling their experiences. Constant comparison was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Four key themes were identified: mental wellbeing (hope, spirituality, and gratitude; nature and losses); stigma; services and supports; and environment. CONCLUSION There is a significant need for more health care providers for rural older adults' mental health. Additionally, there is a need for integrated services and peer-led supports to address the needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Airth
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Nelly D Oelke
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Rural Coordination Centre of British Columbia, Penticton, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cummings School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kathy L Rush
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Shirley Chau
- School of Social Work, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Carolyn Szostak
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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3
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Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the loneliness scale for older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 48:190-196. [PMID: 36272342 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness is emerging as a public health problem. Due to the social and emotional attributes of loneliness, there is a lack of multidimensional-related research and an effective scale with which to evaluate the loneliness of older adults in China. We intend to translate and psychometrically validate the Chinese version of the loneliness scale for older adults (C-LSOA). A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 415 older adults in Huzhou, China. Content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, and reliability were used to assess the scale's psychometric properties. Exploratory factor analysis of the C-LSOA extracted five common factors, and confirmatory factor analysis fit well. The model fit parameter values were X2/df = 2.060, CFI = 0.912, TLI = 0.902, RMSEA = 0.064, and SRMR = 0.060. The scale's content validity index was 0.93. The Cronbach's α for the total scale was 0.868, and the test-retest result was 0.854. The correlation between the C-LSOA and UCLA was 0.886, with good concurrent validity. The results indicated that the C-LSOA could be used to measure the loneliness of older adults in Chinese communities.
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4
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Stuart A, Katz D, Stevenson C, Gooch D, Harkin L, Bennasar M, Sanderson L, Liddle J, Bennaceur A, Levine M, Mehta V, Wijesundara A, Talbot C, Bandara A, Price B, Nuseibeh B. Loneliness in older people and COVID-19: Applying the social identity approach to digital intervention design. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2022; 6:100179. [PMID: 35233473 PMCID: PMC8872705 DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is worsening loneliness for many older people through the challenges it poses in engaging with their social worlds. Digital technology has been offered as a potential aid, however, many popular digital tools have not been designed to address the needs of older adults during times of limited contact. We propose that the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC) could be a foundation for digital loneliness interventions. While SIMIC is a well-established approach for maintaining wellbeing during life transitions, it has not been rigorously applied to digital interventions. There are known challenges to integrating psychological theory in the design of digital technology to enable efficacy, technology acceptance, and continued use. The interdisciplinary field of Human Computer Interaction has a history of drawing on models originating from psychology to improve the design of digital technology and to design technologies in an appropriate manner. Drawing on key lessons from this literature, we consolidate research and design guidelines for multidisciplinary research applying psychological theory such as SIMIC to digital social interventions for loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelie Stuart
- University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,Corresponding author. Washington Singer Labs, University of Exeter, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Dmitri Katz
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel Gooch
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Harkin
- Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jacki Liddle
- The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Mark Levine
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Vikram Mehta
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Blaine Price
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Bashar Nuseibeh
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom,Lero - the Irish Software Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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5
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A Conceptual Review of Loneliness in Adults: Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111522. [PMID: 34770035 PMCID: PMC8582800 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The paper reports an evidence synthesis of how loneliness is conceptualised in qualitative studies in adults. Using PRISMA guidelines, our review evaluated exposure to or experiences of loneliness by adults (aged 16+) in any setting as outcomes, processes, or both. Our initial review included any qualitative or mixed-methods study, published or unpublished, in English, from 1945 to 2018, if it employed an identified theory or concept for understanding loneliness. The review was updated to include publications up to November 2020. We used a PEEST (Participants, Exposure, Evaluation, Study Design, Theory) inclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment (CASP) were completed and cross-checked by a second reviewer. The Evidence of Reviews of Qualitative Research (CERQual) was used to evaluate confidence in the findings. We undertook a thematic synthesis using inductive methods for peer-reviewed papers. The evidence identified three types of distinct but overlapping conceptualisations of loneliness: social, emotional, and existential. We have high confidence in the evidence conceptualising social loneliness and moderate confidence in the evidence on emotional and existential loneliness. Our findings provide a more nuanced understanding of these diverse conceptualisations to inform more effective decision-making and intervention development to address the negative wellbeing impacts of loneliness.
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6
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Sawyer JM, Higgs P, Porter JD, Sampson EL. New public health approaches to palliative care, a brave new horizon or an impractical ideal? An Integrative literature review with thematic synthesis. Palliat Care Soc Pract 2021; 15:26323524211032984. [PMID: 34647028 PMCID: PMC8504281 DOI: 10.1177/26323524211032984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to palliative care for marginalized communities is frequently problematized as a major challenge facing palliative care services. The traditional response of asking what services can do for the disadvantaged has been invigorated by a new wave of public health measures that embrace death and dying as social processes and ask, what can be done together with such communities as partners working in palliative care. Such work has generated a significant amount of academic, social and political interests over the last 20 years; however, we are yet to see a consistent and sustained change in approach from providers. We argue that this is due to inherent tensions that arise when modelling death, dying and loss as a unified and shared social process. Unresolved tensions destabilize the theoretical foundations and risk misrepresentation of core philosophies. In this integrative review of 75 articles, we present previously undiscussed areas of contention drawing from a pan-disciplinary field of theoretical and empirical evidence. We conclude that new public health approaches lack a consistent and unified theoretical approach. From philosophical, ontological and existential ideas relating to how different stakeholders conceptualize death, to the processes by which communities are motivated and their constituent members empowered through responsibilized notions of duty and reciprocity, there is little acknowledgement of the complex tensions at hand. Increasing academic and political initiative alone is not enough to progress this movement in a manner that achieves its full potential. Instead, we must pay greater attention to the tensions described. This article aims to work with such tensions to better define the landscape of collective moral responsibility in end-of-life care. We believe that this is crucial if palliative care is to avoid becoming a technical speciality with community and communitization reduced to a mere technical solution to more profound questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Higgs
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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7
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Bandari R, Mohammadi Shahboulaghi F, Khankeh H, Ebadi A, Montazeri A. Development and psychometric evaluation of the loneliness inventory for older adults (Lonely): A mixed-methods study. Nurs Open 2021; 9:2804-2813. [PMID: 34198367 PMCID: PMC9584472 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To develop and initially validate the Loneliness Inventory for Older Adults. Design Scale development and evaluation. Methods This was a two‐phase study. In phase 1, the initial items pool (126 items) was generated based on the concept analysis and literature review. Moreover, content validity was established by geriatric and psychometric experts. Phase 2 evaluated structural validity by performing item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity. Reliability was evaluated by examining internal consistency, stability (ICC) and absolute reliability. Results Following the development process, 94 items were removed and a provisional version of the questionnaire with 32 items was subjected to psychometric evaluation. Three hundred and seventy older adults completed the questionnaire. After performing factor analysis, overall 3 items were removed due to low loading, and the questionnaire was reduced to 29 items tapping into five factors. The Cronbach's alpha for the instrument was 0.94, and the ICC value was 0.97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Bandari
- Nursing Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, Nursing Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Khankeh
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolina Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Population Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Humanity Sciences, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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8
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de Koning J, Richards SH, Wood GER, Stathi A. Profiles of Loneliness and Social Isolation in Physically Active and Inactive Older Adults in Rural England. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3971. [PMID: 33918808 PMCID: PMC8070246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Loneliness and social isolation are associated with higher risk of morbidity and mortality and physical inactivity in older age. This study explored the socioecological context in which both physically active and inactive older adults experience loneliness and/or social isolation in a UK rural setting. Design: A mixed-methods design employed semi structured interviews and accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Interviews explored the personal, social and environmental factors influencing engagement with physical activities, guided by an adapted-socioecological model of physical activity behaviour. Findings: Twenty-four older adults (Mean Age = 73 (5.8 SD); 12 women) were interviewed. Transcripts were thematically analysed and seven profiles of physical activity, social isolation and loneliness were identified. The high-MVPA group had established PA habits, reported several sources of social contact and evaluated their physical environment as activity friendly. The low MVPA group had diverse experiences of past engagement in social activities. Similar to the high MVPA, they reported a range of sources of social contact but they did not perceive the physical environment as activity friendly. Conclusions: Loneliness and/or social isolation was reported by both physically active and inactive older adults. There is wide diversity and complexity in types and intensity of PA, loneliness and social isolation profiles and personal, social and environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne H Richards
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL, UK;
| | - Grace E R Wood
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Afroditi Stathi
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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9
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Ormstad H, Eilertsen G, Heir T, Sandvik L. Personality traits and the risk of becoming lonely in old age: A 5-year follow-up study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:47. [PMID: 32111214 PMCID: PMC7049219 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many people experience loneliness in old age, there is little knowledge of predisposing personality factors. The aim of the present study was to explore to what extent personality traits are associated with the risk of becoming lonely, in women and men aged 60-79 years at baseline. METHODS The panel data are from The Norwegian study on Life course, Ageing and Generations (NorLAG). Our sample consisted of 516 men and 419 women aged 60-79 years, who were surveyed in both 2002-2003 (baseline) and 2007-2008 (follow-up), and who reported not being lonely at baseline. Personality traits were measured by the Big Five scale. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between a personality trait and the risk of becoming lonely, with adjustment for age, mental health and living with a partner. RESULTS At follow-up 59 women and 54 men reported loneliness (14.1% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.092). Among women, high agreeableness at baseline was significantly associated with a higher risk of becoming lonely. Among men, low agreeableness, low conscientiousness and high neuroticism at baseline were significantly associated with a higher risk of becoming lonely. CONCLUSIONS Personality traits related differently to loneliness depending on gender. These findings may be useful when developing strategies for preventing loneliness in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ormstad
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, P.O. Box 7053, NO-3007, Drammen, Norway.
| | - Grethe Eilertsen
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, P.O. Box 7053, NO-3007, Drammen, Norway
| | - Trond Heir
- Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leiv Sandvik
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, P.O. Box 7053, NO-3007, Drammen, Norway
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10
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Teh JK, Tey NP. Effects of selected leisure activities on preventing loneliness among older Chinese. SSM Popul Health 2019; 9:100479. [PMID: 31646167 PMCID: PMC6804430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined three types of leisure activities (playing cards/mahjong, watching TV/listening to the radio, and participation in social activities) among the older segment of the Chinese population, and the effects of these activities in preventing the feelings of loneliness. Data came from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), conducted in 2005, 2008, and 2011. The males, those who were educated, the young-old (aged between 65 and 74 years), urban dwellers, and living in institutions were more likely to participate in all three activities frequently. Frequent or occasional participation in these three activities was negatively associated with feelings of loneliness. The longitudinal study from 2005 to 2011 showed that respondents who frequently played cards/mahjong at baseline were less likely to feel persistent loneliness at the end of the 2011 wave. Instead, frequently watching TV/listening to the radio in 2008 was associated with lower odds in feeling persistent loneliness at the end of 2011. Hence, active participation in playing cards/mahjong and TV/radio entertainment can be effective treatment intervention against persistent loneliness among older Chinese. For the Chinese, a leisure activity steeped in a nation's culture and heritage, such as playing mahjong, may be used as an intervention strategy to prevent and alleviate chronic loneliness among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane K.L. Teh
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nai Peng Tey
- Population Studies Unit, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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11
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Strategies employed by older people to manage loneliness: systematic review of qualitative studies and model development. Int Psychogeriatr 2018; 30:1767-1781. [PMID: 29798736 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610218000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTObjectives:To (i) systematically identify and review strategies employed by community dwelling lonely older people to manage their loneliness and (ii) develop a model for managing loneliness. METHODS A narrative synthesis review of English-language qualitative evidence, following Economic and Social Research Council guidance. Seven electronic databases were searched (1990-January 2017). The narrative synthesis included tabulation, thematic analysis, and conceptual model development. All co-authors assessed eligibility of final papers and reached a consensus on analytic themes. RESULTS From 3,043 records, 11 studies were eligible including a total of 502 older people. Strategies employed to manage loneliness can be described by a model with two overarching dimensions, one related to the context of coping (alone or with/in reference to others), the other related to strategy type (prevention/action or acceptance/endurance of loneliness). The dynamic and subjective nature of loneliness is reflected in the variety of coping mechanisms, drawing on individual coping styles and highlighting considerable efforts in managing time, contacting others, and keeping loneliness hidden. Cognitive strategies were used to re-frame negative feelings, to make them more manageable or to shift the focus from the present or themselves. Few unsuccessful strategies were described. CONCLUSION Strategies to manage loneliness vary from prevention/action through to acceptance and endurance. There are distinct preferences to cope alone or involve others; only those in the latter category are likely to engage with services and social activities. Older people who deal with their loneliness privately may find it difficult to articulate an inability to cope.
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12
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Kitzmüller G, Clancy A, Vaismoradi M, Wegener C, Bondas T. "Trapped in an Empty Waiting Room"-The Existential Human Core of Loneliness in Old Age: A Meta-Synthesis. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:213-230. [PMID: 29235943 DOI: 10.1177/1049732317735079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness in old age has a negative influence on quality of life, health, and survival. To understand the phenomenon of loneliness in old age, the voices of lonely older adults should be heard. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-synthesis was to synthesize scientific studies of older adults' experiences of loneliness. Eleven qualitative articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and synthesized according to Noblit and Hare's meta-ethnographic approach. The analysis revealed the overriding meaning of the existential human core of loneliness in old age expressed through the metaphor "trapped in an empty waiting room." Four interwoven themes were found: (a) the negative emotions of loneliness, (b) the loss of meaningful interpersonal relationships, (c) the influence of loneliness on self-perception, and (d) the older adults' endeavors to deal with loneliness. The joint contribution of family members, health care providers, and volunteers is necessary to break the vicious circle of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Clancy
- 2 UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Harstad, Norway
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13
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Gott M, Wiles J, Moeke-Maxwell T, Black S, Williams L, Kerse N, Trussardi G. What is the role of community at the end of life for people dying in advanced age? A qualitative study with bereaved family carers. Palliat Med 2018; 32:268-275. [PMID: 29130405 DOI: 10.1177/0269216317735248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New public health approaches to palliative care prioritise the role of community at end of life. However, little is known about community support for the increasing numbers of people dying in advanced age. AIM To explore the role of community at end of life for people dying in advanced age from the perspective of their bereaved family caregivers. DESIGN A constructionist framework underpinned a qualitative research design. Data were analysed using critical thematic analysis. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS A total of 58 participants (19 Māori and 39 non-Māori) who cared for 52 family members who died at >80 years of age participated in semi-structured interviews. RESULTS A reduction in the social networks and community engagement of the older person was identified in the end-of-life period. Numerous barriers to community engagement in advanced age were identified, including poor health (notably dementia), moving into an aged care facility and lack of access due to transport difficulties. An active withdrawal from community at end of life was also noted. Carers felt limited support from community currently, but identified that communities could play a particular role in reducing social isolation and loneliness among people of advanced age prior to death. CONCLUSION Our study provides strong support for public health approaches to palliative care that advocate building social networks around people who are dying and their family carers. However, it also indicates that strategies to do so must be flexible enough to be responsive to the unique end-of-life circumstances of people in advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn Gott
- 1 School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janine Wiles
- 2 School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tess Moeke-Maxwell
- 2 School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stella Black
- 2 School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Williams
- 1 School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ngaire Kerse
- 2 School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Kharicha K, Iliffe S, Manthorpe J, Chew‐Graham CA, Cattan M, Goodman C, Kirby‐Barr M, Whitehouse JH, Walters K. What do older people experiencing loneliness think about primary care or community based interventions to reduce loneliness? A qualitative study in England. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2017; 25:1733-1742. [PMID: 28231615 PMCID: PMC5655770 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness in later life is a common problem with poor health outcomes. However, interventions to prevent or ameliorate loneliness have a weak evidence base. The views of older people experiencing or at risk of loneliness in the community are important in identifying features of potential support, but have been little studied. Twenty-eight community dwelling people, aged 65 and over who reported being 'lonely much of the time' or identified as lonely from the de Jong Gierveld six-item loneliness scale in a larger study, participated in in-depth interviews, between June 2013 and May 2014. Views and experiences on seeking support from primary care and community based one-to-one and group based activities, including social and shared interest groups, were explored. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted by a multidisciplinary team, including older people. Using two different measures of loneliness enabled a spectrum of loneliness experience to be explored. Two-thirds of the participants were the 'younger old' and all were able to leave their homes independently. Older people with characteristics of loneliness were generally knowledgeable about local social and community resources but, for the majority, community and primary care based services for their loneliness were not considered desirable or helpful at this point in their lives. However, group based activities with a shared interest were thought preferable to one-to-one support (befriending) or groups with a social focus. Descriptions of support as being for loneliness and specific to older people discouraged engagement. Older people experiencing or at risk of loneliness did not consider that primary care has a role in alleviating loneliness because it is not an illness. They thought primary care practitioners lack understanding of non-physical problems and that a good relationship was necessary to discuss sensitive issues like loneliness. For many, loneliness was a complex and private matter that they wished to manage without external support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpa Kharicha
- Primary Care and Population HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Steve Iliffe
- Department of Primary Care & Population StudiesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Mima Cattan
- School of Health, Community and Education StudiesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Claire Goodman
- CRIPACCFaculty of Health and Human SciencesUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldUK
| | | | | | - Kate Walters
- Primary Care and Population HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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15
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Tomstad S, Dale B, Sundsli K, Saevareid HI, Söderhamn U. Who often feels lonely? A cross-sectional study about loneliness and its related factors among older home-dwelling people. Int J Older People Nurs 2017; 12. [PMID: 28752653 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of individuals who often feel lonely among a sample of Norwegian older home-dwelling people aged ≥65 years old, as well as to identify any possible factors explaining their loneliness. BACKGROUND Loneliness is known to be common among older people. To identify those older adults who are lonely, and to acquire knowledge about the complexity of their loneliness, is important to provide them with adequate help and support. DESIGN This study employed a cross-sectional design. METHOD A questionnaire was mailed to a randomised sample of 6,033 older home-dwelling persons aged ≥65 years. A total of 2,052 persons returned the questionnaire and were included in the study. The questionnaire consisted of questions asking whether the subjects often felt lonely or not, as well as health-related and background questions and instruments to measure the participants' sense of coherence, mental problems, nutritional screening and self-care ability. The data were analysed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods. RESULTS A total of 11.6% of the participants reported often feeling lonely. Six factors emerged to be independently associated with often feeling lonely among the respondents: Living alone, not being satisfied with life, having mental problems, a weak sense of coherence, not having contact with neighbours and being at risk for undernutrition. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that often feeling lonely among older home-dwelling persons is a health-related problem that includes social, psychological and physical aspects. Moreover, these persons have limited resources to overcome feelings of loneliness. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Lasting loneliness among older home-dwelling persons requires an overall, person-centred and time-consuming approach by nurses. Nurses with advanced knowledge on geriatric nursing may be required to offer appropriate care and support. Healthcare leaders and politicians should offer possibilities for adequate assessment, support and help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Tomstad
- Centre for Care Research, Southern Norway, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Bjørg Dale
- Centre for Care Research, Southern Norway, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Kari Sundsli
- Centre for Care Research, Southern Norway, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Hans Inge Saevareid
- Centre for Care Research, Southern Norway, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Ulrika Söderhamn
- Centre for Care Research, Southern Norway, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
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16
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Vasileiou K, Barnett J, Barreto M, Vines J, Atkinson M, Lawson S, Wilson M. Experiences of Loneliness Associated with Being an Informal Caregiver: A Qualitative Investigation. Front Psychol 2017; 8:585. [PMID: 28469589 PMCID: PMC5395647 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although providing care to a family member or friend may provide psychological benefits, informal (i.e., unpaid) caregivers also encounter difficulties which may negatively affect their quality of life as well as their mental and physical health. Loneliness is one important challenge that caregivers face, with this psychological state being associated with morbidity and premature mortality. Although previous research has identified loneliness as an issue associated with being an informal caregiver, there is a paucity of evidence that attempts to understand this phenomenon in depth. This study aimed to examine informal caregivers' reflections on, and accounts of, experiences of loneliness linked to their caregiving situation. As part of a cross-sectional, qualitative study, sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 spousal caregivers, 4 daughters caring for a parent, 3 mothers caring for a child (or children), and 1 woman looking after her partner. The cared-for persons were suffering from a range of mental and physical health conditions (e.g., dementia, frailty due to old age, multiple sclerosis, depression, autism). Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. Experiences of loneliness were described by reference to a context of shrunken personal space and diminished social interaction caused by the restrictions imposed by the caregiving role. Loneliness was also articulated against a background of relational deprivations and losses as well as sentiments of powerlessness, helplessness, and a sense of sole responsibility. Social encounters were also seen to generate loneliness when they were characterized by some form of distancing. Though not all sources or circumstances of loneliness in caregivers are amenable to change, more opportunities for respite care services, as well as a heightened sensibility and social appreciation of caregivers' valued contributions could help caregivers manage some forms of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Barnett
- Department of Psychology, University of BathBath, UK
| | - Manuela Barreto
- Department of Psychology, University of ExeterExeter, UK.,Lisbon University Institute (ISCTE-IUL/CIS)Lisbon, Portugal
| | - John Vines
- School of Design, Northumbria UniversityNewcastle, UK
| | - Mark Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, University of ExeterExeter, UK
| | - Shaun Lawson
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria UniversityNewcastle, UK
| | - Michael Wilson
- School of the Arts, English and Drama, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
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17
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Slettebø Å, Saeteren B, Caspari S, Lohne V, Rehnsfeldt AW, Heggestad AKT, Lillestø B, Høy B, Råholm MB, Lindwall L, Aasgaard T, Nåden D. The significance of meaningful and enjoyable activities for nursing home resident's experiences of dignity. Scand J Caring Sci 2016; 31:718-726. [PMID: 27910119 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in a nursing home may be challenging to the residents' experience of dignity. Residents' perception of how their dignity is respected in everyday care is important. AIM To examine how nursing home residents experience dignity through the provision of activities that foster meaning and joy in their daily life. METHOD A qualitative design was used and 28 individual semistructured interviews conducted with nursing home residents from six nursing homes in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The data were analysed with qualitative content analysis. Independent ethical committees in all participating countries granted their approval for the study. FINDINGS The participants highlight two dimensions of the activities that foster experiences of dignity in nursing homes in Scandinavia. These two categories were (i) fostering dignity through meaningful participation and (ii) fostering dignity through experiencing enjoyable individualised activities. CONCLUSION Activities are important for residents to experience dignity in their daily life in nursing homes. However, it is important to tailor the activities to the individual and to enable the residents to take part actively. Nurses should collect information about the resident's preferences for participation in activities at the nursing home.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Berit Saeteren
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synnøve Caspari
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Lohne
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Bente Høy
- VIA University College, Århus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Trygve Aasgaard
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dagfinn Nåden
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Østensen E, Gjevjon ER, Øderud T, Moen A. Introducing Technology for Thriving in Residential Long-Term Care. J Nurs Scholarsh 2016; 49:44-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Østensen
- Doctoral Candidate, University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine; Department of Nursing Science; Oslo Norway
| | - Edith Roth Gjevjon
- Associate Professor, Diakonova University College, Oslo, Norway; Previously Researcher at University of Oslo; Department of Nursing Science; Oslo Norway
| | - Tone Øderud
- Senior Research Scientist; SINTEF Technology and Society; Oslo Norway
| | - Anne Moen
- Professor, University of Oslo; Department of Nursing Science; Oslo Norway
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19
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Halvorsrud L, Kalfoss M. Exploring the quality of life of depressed and nondepressed, home-dwelling, Norwegian adults. Br J Community Nurs 2016; 21:170-177. [PMID: 27282502 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2016.21.4.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to explore how intimacy, physical and psychological health, loneliness, and attitudes to ageing at a time of loss affect the overall quality of life (QoL) of nondepressed and depressed older adults. METHOD This was a randomised, stratified, cross-sectional study with two subsamples: depressed (n=74; mean: 77.9 years; 65% female) and nondepressed (n=356; mean: 75.0 years; 55% female), and based on the Geriatric Depression Scale-15. RESULTS Physical health accounted for the greatest variance in overall QoL in the nondepressed group; psychological health, losses, and feelings of intimacy also made significant contributions. In the depressed group, intimacy made the strongest contribution, while psychological health came a close second. CONCLUSIONS Physical health, psychological health, and loss were important to the QoL of nondepressed older adults, while intimacy was important for QoL in both depressed and nondepressed older adults. For those who are depressed, feelings of intimacy, in the form of having opportunities to express and receive love, are especially relevant and should be assessed by health professionals when planning interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Halvorsrud
- Associate Professor, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway
| | - Mary Kalfoss
- Professor, Diakonova University College, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Taube E, Jakobsson U, Midlöv P, Kristensson J. Being in a Bubble: the experience of loneliness among frail older people. J Adv Nurs 2015; 72:631-40. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Taube
- Center for Primary Health Care Research; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Ulf Jakobsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Patrik Midlöv
- Center for Primary Health Care Research; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Jimmie Kristensson
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Sweden
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21
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Kirchhoff JW, Grøndahl VA, Andersen KL. Betydningen av sosiale nettverk og kvalitet på pleien for opplevelse av ensomhet blant brukere av hjemmesykepleie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.18261/issn1892-2686-2015-03-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Drageset J, Eide GE, Dysvik E, Furnes B, Hauge S. Loneliness, loss, and social support among cognitively intact older people with cancer, living in nursing homes--a mixed-methods study. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:1529-36. [PMID: 26451093 PMCID: PMC4590337 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s88404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is a significant psychosocial effect following a cancer diagnosis and may prevent people from engaging in social activities, thus creating difficulties in interpersonal relationships. This study investigated loneliness and social support among cognitively intact nursing home residents with cancer by using a quantitatively driven mixed-methods design with sequential supplementary qualitative components. METHODS The quantitative component consisted of face-to-face interviews of 60 nursing home residents (≥65 years) using the one-item Loneliness Scale and the Social Provisions Scale. The supplementary psychosocial component consisted of qualitative research interviews about experiences related to loneliness with nine respondents. RESULTS The quantitative results indicated that reassurance of worth was associated with loneliness. The experience of loneliness was identified by the following: loneliness that was dominated by a feeling of inner pain, feeling of loss, and feeling small. Loneliness was alleviated by the following: being engaged in activities, being in contact with other people, and occupying oneself. CONCLUSION Enhancing the lives of nursing home residents with cancer requires attending to the residents' experience of loneliness and social relationships in a targeted and individualized manner. This might require screening all nursing home residents for early detection of loneliness. Revealing factors that may contribute to or reduce loneliness improves the ability to enhance people's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorunn Drageset
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Egil Eide
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elin Dysvik
- Department of Health Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Bodil Furnes
- Department of Health Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Solveig Hauge
- Faculty of Health and Social Studies and Centre for Caring Research – Southern Norway, Telemark University College, Porsgrunn, Norway
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23
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Bjørkløf GH, Kirkevold M, Engedal K, Selbæk G, Helvik AS. Being stuck in a vice: The process of coping with severe depression in late life. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2015; 10:27187. [PMID: 26119368 PMCID: PMC4483368 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v10.27187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Articles describing older persons’ experiences of coping with severe depression are, to our knowledge, lacking. This article is methodologically grounded in phenomenological hermeneutics, inspired by Paul Ricoeur, and applies a descriptive design with in-depth interviews for producing the data. We included 18 older persons, 13 women and 5 men, with a mean age of 77.9 years, depressed to a severe or moderate degree, 1–2 weeks after admission to a hospital for treatment of depression. We found the metaphor “being in a vice” to capture the essence of meaning from the participants’ stories, and can be understood as being stuck in an immensely painful existence entirely dominated by depression in late life. This is the first article where coping in older men and women experiencing the most severe phase of depression is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro Hanevold Bjørkløf
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department for Mental Health Research and Development, Division for Mental health and addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Lier, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;
| | | | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Research Centre of Old Age Psychiatry, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Helvik
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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24
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Meranius MS, Hammar LM. How does the healthcare system affect medication self-management among older adults with multimorbidity? Scand J Caring Sci 2015; 30:91-8. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Marmstål Hammar
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare; Mälardalen University; Västerås Sweden
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25
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Hedman M, Pöder U, Mamhidir AG, Nilsson A, Kristofferzon ML, Häggström E. Life memories and the ability to act: the meaning of autonomy and participation for older people when living with chronic illness. Scand J Caring Sci 2015; 29:824-33. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hedman
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences; Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies; University of Gävle; Gävle Sweden
| | - Ulrika Pöder
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anna-Greta Mamhidir
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences; Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies; University of Gävle; Gävle Sweden
| | - Annika Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences; Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies; University of Gävle; Gävle Sweden
| | - Marja-Leena Kristofferzon
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences; Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies; University of Gävle; Gävle Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Häggström
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences; Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies; University of Gävle; Gävle Sweden
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26
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Family support and loneliness among older persons in multiethnic Malaysia. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:654382. [PMID: 25383374 PMCID: PMC4214036 DOI: 10.1155/2014/654382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates factors affecting older persons' state of loneliness in multiethnic Malaysia using data from the 2004 Malaysian Population and Family Survey, the first nationally representative sample in Malaysia. The study sample was extracted to include Malays, Chinese, Indians and other Indigenous groups aged 60 and above, and who had children (n = 1791). Cross tabulations and ordinal logistic regression methods were used in the analysis. Among the ethnic groups, older Malays were more likely than their Chinese and Indian counterparts to experience loneliness. Loneliness was found to be associated with age, marital status, education level, sources of income, health status, and physical limitations. Among older people, feelings of loneliness were inversely related with coresidence with adult children and participation in religious activities. Sociodemographic changes have eroded the traditional family support system for the elderly, while social security remains inadequate. This study shows the important role of family in alleviating loneliness among older people. Hence the need to promote and facilitate coresidence, as well as participation in religious activities, and a healthy lifestyle as a priority strategy is in line with the objectives of the National Policy for the Older People.
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27
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Kirkevold M, Moyle W, Wilkinson C, Meyer J, Hauge S. Facing the challenge of adapting to a life ‘alone’ in old age: the influence of losses. J Adv Nurs 2012; 69:394-403. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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