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Nanomedicine for drug resistant pathogens and COVID-19 using mushroom nanocomposite inspired with bacteriocin – A Review. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023; 152:110682. [PMID: 37041990 PMCID: PMC10067464 DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens have become a major global health challenge and have severely threatened the health of society. Current conditions have gotten worse as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and infection rates in the future will rise. It is necessary to design, respond effectively, and take action to address these challenges by investigating new avenues. In this regard, the fabrication of metal NPs utilized by various methods, including green synthesis using mushroom, is highly versatile, cost-effective, eco-compatible, and superior. In contrast, biofabrication of metal NPs can be employed as a powerful weapon against MDR pathogens and have immense biomedical applications. In addition, the advancement in nanotechnology has made possible to modify the nanomaterials and enhance their activities. Metal NPs with biomolecules composite to prevents their microbial adhesion and kills the microbial pathogens through biofilm formation. Bacteriocin is an excellent antimicrobial peptide that works well as an augmentation substance to boost the antimicrobial effects. As a result, we concentrate on the creation of new, eco-compatible mycosynthesized metal NPs with bacteriocin nanocomposite via electrostatic, covalent, or non-covalent bindings. The synergistic benefits of metal NPs with bacteriocin to combat MDR pathogens and COVID-19, as well as other biomedical applications, are discussed in this review. Moreover, the importance of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) in risk analysis of manufactured metal nanocomposite nanomaterial and their future possibilities also discussed.
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2
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Bacterial communities and volatile organic compounds in traditional fermented salt-free bamboo shoots. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Slovak Local Ewe's Milk Lump Cheese, a Source of Beneficial Enterococcus durans Strain. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123091. [PMID: 34945639 PMCID: PMC8701886 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Slovak ewe's milk lump cheese is produced from unpasteurized ewe's milk without any added culture. Because of the traditional processing and shaping by hand into a lump, this cheese was given the traditional specialty guaranteed (TSG) label. Up till now, there have existed only limited detailed studies of individual microbiota and their benefits in ewe's milk lump cheese. Therefore, this study has been focused on the beneficial properties and safety of Enterococcus durans strains with the aim to contribute to basic dairy microbiology but also for further application potential and strategy. The total enterococcal count in cheeses reached 3.93 CFU/g (log 10) ± 1.98 on average. Based on a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry evaluation, the strains were allotted to the species E. durans (score, 1.781-2.245). The strains were gelatinase and hemolysis-negative (γ-hemolysis) and were mostly susceptible to commercial antibiotics. Among the strains, E. durans ED26E/7 produced the highest value of lactase enzyme β-galactosidase (10 nmoL). ED26E/7 was absent of virulence factor genes such as Hyl (hyaluronidase), IS 16 element and gelatinase (GelE). To test safety, ED26E/7 did not cause mortality in Balb/c mice. Its partially purified bacteriocin substance showed the highest inhibition activity/bioactivity against Gram-positive indicator bacteria: the principal indicator Enterococcus avium EA5 (102,400 AU/mL), Staphylococcus aureus SA5 and listeriae (25,600 AU/mL). Moreover, 16 staphylococci (out of 22) were inhibited (100 AU/mL), and the growth of 36 (out of 51) enterococcal indicators was as well. After further technological tests, E. durans ED26E/7, with its bacteriocin substance, can be supposed as a promising additive to dairy products.
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Pike CM, Theriot CM. Mechanisms of Colonization Resistance Against Clostridioides difficile. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:S194-S200. [PMID: 33326565 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is an urgent antimicrobial-resistant bacterium, causing mild to moderate and sometimes life-threatening disease. Commensal gut microbes are critical for providing colonization resistance against C difficile and can be leveraged as non-antibiotic alternative therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of C difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Pike
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Casey M Theriot
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Al-Madboly LA, El-Deeb NM, Kabbash A, Nael MA, Kenawy AM, Ragab AE. Purification, Characterization, Identification, and Anticancer Activity of a Circular Bacteriocin From Enterococcus thailandicus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:450. [PMID: 32656185 PMCID: PMC7324803 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New anticancer agents are continually needed because cancerous cells continue to evolve resistance to the currently available chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of the present study was to screen, purify and characterize a hepatotoxic bacteriocin from Enterococcus species. The production of bacteriocin from the Enterococcus isolates was achieved based on their antibacterial activity against indicator reference strains. Enterococcus isolates showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity by forming inhibition zones with diameters ranged between 12 and 29 mm. The most potent bacteriocin producing strain was molecularly identified as Enterococcus thailandicus. The crude extracted bacteriocin was purified by cation exchange and size exclusion chromatography that resulted in 83 fractions. Among them, 18 factions were considered as bacteriocins based on their positive antibacterial effects. The anticancer effects of the purified bacteriocins were tested against HepG2 cell line. The most promising enterocin (LNS18) showed the highest anticancer effects against HepG2 cells (with 75.24% cellular inhibition percentages), with IC50 value 15.643 μM and without any significant cytotoxic effects on normal fibroblast cells (BJ ATCC® CRL-2522™). The mode of anticancer action of enterocin LNS18 against HepG2 cells could be explained by its efficacy to induce cellular ROS, decrease HepG2 CD markers and arrest cells in G0 phase. Amino acid sequence of enterocin LNS18 was determined and the deduced peptide of the structural gene showed 86 amino acids that shared 94.7% identity with enterocin NKR-5-3B from E. faecium. Enterocin LNS18 consisted of 6 α-helices; 5 circular and one linear. Model-template alignment constructed between enterocin LNS18 and NKR-5-3B revealed 95.31% identity. The predicted 3D homology model of LNS18, after circularization and release of 22 amino acids, showed the formation of a bond between Leu23 and Trp86 amino acid residues at the site of circularization. Furthermore, areas of positive charges were due to the presence of 6 lysine residues resulting in a net positive charge of +4 on the bacteriocin surface. Based on the above mentioned results, our characterized bacteriocin is a promising agent to target liver cancer without any significant toxic effects on normal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Al-Madboly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nehal M El-Deeb
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal Kabbash
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Manal A Nael
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Kenawy
- Nucleic Acids Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany E Ragab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Enterococcus durans with mosquito larvicidal toxicity against Culex quinquefasciatus, elucidated using a Proteomic and Metabolomic approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4774. [PMID: 32179781 PMCID: PMC7075886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Various bacteria from the Bacillus species have been used as pesticides against mosquito larvae for more than a decade. The prolonged use of these bacterial species by little alteration within their genome, using various permutations and combinations of mosquito-cidal toxins, has proven unsuccessful in controlling the mosquito population. In our current study we report Enterococcus sp. to be exhibiting similar kind of mosquito-cidal toxins alike those which are present in the mainly used Bacillus strains. Three Enterococcus species were isolated on a rich media selective for gram- positive bacteria from the mid-gut of dead mosquito larvae which were collected from the wild locations within and around the city of Mumbai, India. Their surface morphologies were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and their identity was confirmed using the standard 16S rRNA sequencing method. Upon performing several repetitive toxicity assays of these three strains on the laboratory cultured third instar stage of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, showed differential toxicities from a minimum of 20% (LC50: 59.6 CFU/ml), intermediate 35% (LC50: 48.4 CFU/ml) and a maximum of 60% (LC50: 35.7 CFU/ml). To justify the data in all the three similar strains of Enterococcus durans, we followed the differential proteomics using LCMS 6540 UHD Accurate Mass QTOF and differential metabolomics approach using both LCMS 6540 UHD Accurate Mass QTOF and 1H-NMR. The presence and significance of the obtained toxins were studied to elucidate the plausible reason for showing differential toxicities. This work helped in identifying Enterococcus durans as a new, potential and alternative strain to the Bacillus species in terms of mosquito larvicidal toxicity against Culex quinquefasciatus.
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Miceli A, Settanni L. Influence of agronomic practices and pre-harvest conditions on the attachment and development of Listeria monocytogenes in vegetables. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-1435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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8
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Abanoz HS, Kunduhoglu B. Antimicrobial Activity of a Bacteriocin Produced by Enterococcus faecalis KT11 against Some Pathogens and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:1064-1079. [PMID: 30479512 PMCID: PMC6238024 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antimicrobial activity of a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis KT11, isolated from traditional Kargı Tulum cheese, was determined, and bacteriocin KT11 was partially characterized. The results showed that bacteriocin KT11 was antagonistically effective against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative test bacteria, including vancomycin- and/or methicillin-resistant bacteria. The activity of bacteriocin KT11 was completely abolished after treatment with proteolytic enzymes (proteinase K, α-chymotrypsin, protease and trypsin), which demonstrates the proteinaceous nature of this bacteriocin. Additionally, bacteriocin KT11 remained stable at pH values ranging from 2 to 11 and after autoclaving at 121℃ for 30 min. In addition, the activity of bacteriocin KT11 was stable after treatment with several surfactants (EDTA, SDS, Triton X-100, Tween 80 and urea) and organic solvents (chloroform, propanol, methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, hexane and ethyl ether). Cell-free supernatant of E. faecalis KT11 was subjected to ammonium sulfate precipitation and then desalted by using a 3.5-kDa cut-off dialysis membrane. The bacteriocin activity was determined to be 711 AU/mL in the dialysate. After tricine-SDS-PAGE analysis, one peptide band, which had a molecular weight of ~3.5 kDa, exhibited antimicrobial activity. Because the bacteriocin KT11, isolated from E. faecalis KT11, exhibits a broad antimicrobial spectrum, heat stability and stability over a wide pH range, this bacteriocin can be used as a potential bio-preservative in foods. Additionally, bacteriocin KT11 alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics may provide a therapeutic option for the treatment of multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens after further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Seval Abanoz
- Institute of Science, University of
Eskişehir Osmangazi, 26480 Eskişehir,
Turkey
| | - Buket Kunduhoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts,
University of Eskişehir Osmangazi,
26480 Eskişehir, Turkey
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Zommiti M, Cambronel M, Maillot O, Barreau M, Sebei K, Feuilloley M, Ferchichi M, Connil N. Evaluation of Probiotic Properties and Safety of Enterococcus faecium Isolated From Artisanal Tunisian Meat "Dried Ossban". Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1685. [PMID: 30127770 PMCID: PMC6088202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium strains were isolated from an original biotope, artisanal dried Tunisian meat “Dried Ossban,” and evaluated for safety and capacity as probiotics. Gram-positive, catalase negative, and bacteriocin-producing bacteria were screened using selective microbiological media. All isolates were identified by phenotypic and molecular tools. Five E. faecium strains (MZF1, MZF2, MZF3, MZF4, and MZF5) were selected and further assessed for their probiotic properties. They were found to be resistant to the physiological concentrations of bile salts, and the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, and showed autoaggregation and adhesion ability. All these isolates possess at least one enterocin and could efficiently inhibit the growth of Listeria innocua HPB13. The analysis of their safety profile revealed for almost all the strains the absence of cytotoxicity and virulence determinants, and susceptibility to clinically important antibiotics such as vancomycin. These data suggest that these bacteria, isolated from “Dried Ossban,” do not present a risk to human health, and may be considered as interesting candidates for future use as probiotics and bioprotective cultures for application in the food and/or feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zommiti
- Unité de Protéomique Fonctionnelle et Potentiel Nutraceutique de la Biodiversité de Tunisie, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mélyssa Cambronel
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, Université de Rouen Normandie, Évreux, France
| | - Olivier Maillot
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, Université de Rouen Normandie, Évreux, France
| | - Magalie Barreau
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, Université de Rouen Normandie, Évreux, France
| | - Khaled Sebei
- Unité de Protéomique Fonctionnelle et Potentiel Nutraceutique de la Biodiversité de Tunisie, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marc Feuilloley
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, Université de Rouen Normandie, Évreux, France
| | - Mounir Ferchichi
- Unité de Protéomique Fonctionnelle et Potentiel Nutraceutique de la Biodiversité de Tunisie, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Clinical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathalie Connil
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, Université de Rouen Normandie, Évreux, France
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Hanchi H, Mottawea W, Sebei K, Hammami R. The Genus Enterococcus: Between Probiotic Potential and Safety Concerns-An Update. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1791. [PMID: 30123208 PMCID: PMC6085487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A considerable number of strains belonging to different species of Enterococcus are highly competitive due to their resistance to wide range of pH and temperature. Their competitiveness is also owed to their ability to produce bacteriocins recognized for their wide-range effectiveness on pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Enterococcal bacteriocins have attracted great research interest as natural antimicrobial agents in the food industry, and as a potential drug candidate for replacing antibiotics in order to treat multiple drugs resistance pathogens. However, the prevalence of virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes and the ability to cause disease could compromise their application in food, human and animal health. From the current regulatory point of view, the genus Enterococcus is neither recommended for the QPS list nor have GRAS status. Although recent advances in molecular biology and the recommended methods for the safety evaluation of Enterococcus strains allowed the distinction between commensal and clinical clades, development of highly adapted methods and legislations are still required. In the present review, we evaluate some aspects of Enterococcus spp. related to their probiotic properties and safety concerns as well as the current and potential application in food systems and treatment of infections. The regulatory status of commensal Enterococcus candidates for food, feed, probiotic use, and recommended methods to assess and ensure their safety are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Hanchi
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Proteomics Potential of Biodiversity in Tunisia, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis (ISSBAT), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Walid Mottawea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Sebei
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Proteomics Potential of Biodiversity in Tunisia, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis (ISSBAT), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Hammami
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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11
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Current state of purification, isolation and analysis of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:1323-1335. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Gao Y, Li D, Liu S, Zhang L. Garviecin LG34, a novel bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus garvieae isolated from traditional Chinese fermented cucumber. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Anti-adherence potential of Enterococcus durans cells and its cell-free supernatant on plastic and stainless steel against foodborne pathogens. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2014; 60:357-63. [PMID: 25466409 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-014-0367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that numerous bacteria are able to attach to surfaces of equipment used for food handling or processing. In this study, a strain of Enterococcus durans, originally isolated from a milking machine surface, was firstly studied for its biofilm formation potential on plastic and stainless steel supports. The strain was found to be a biofilm producer either at 25, 30 or 37 °C on polystyrene microtitre plates, with a best adherence level observed at 25 °C. En. durans showed a strong adhesion to stainless steel AISI-304. Antibacterial and anti-adherence activities of En. durans were tested against four foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Listeria innocua CLIP 74915) which were shown as biofilm producers on both plastic and stainless steel. En. durans cells and cell-free culture supernatant showed a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition potential of the pathogens either on solid media or in broth co-cultures. Characterization of the antibacterial substances indicated their proteinaceous nature which assigned them most probably to bacteriocins group.
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Bali V, Panesar PS, Bera MB, Kennedy JF. Bacteriocins: Recent Trends and Potential Applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:817-34. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.729231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Hwanhlem N, Chobert JM, H-Kittikun A. Bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from mangrove forests in southern Thailand as potential bio-control agents in food: Isolation, screening and optimization. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Bacteriocinogenic properties and in vitro probiotic potential of enterococci from Tunisian dairy products. Arch Microbiol 2014; 196:331-44. [PMID: 24627155 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-0978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate new bacteriocinogenic strains with putative probiotic potential from various Tunisian fermented milks. A total of 44 Gram-positive catalase-negative isolates were colony-purified and screened for antimicrobial activity. Of inhibitory isolates, four were identified as Enterococcus durans and one as Enterococcus faecalis using 16S rRNA gene sequence. The five strains were sensitive to penicillin G, all aminoglycosides tested, to the vancomycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, and E. durans 42G and E. faecalis 61B were resistant to erythromycin. The antimicrobial substances were sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and had good biochemical stability. E. durans 61A showed a good resistance to gastric and small intestinal secretions, but were more sensitive to the duodenal conditions. Considering the safety and the stability under simulated gastrointestinal tract, it appears that the bacteriocinogenic strain E. durans 61A is a good candidate for its application as novel probiotic strain in the food industry.
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Leong KH, Chen YS, Pan SF, Chen JJ, Wu HC, Chang YC, Yanagida F. Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Associated with Fresh Coffee Cherries in Taiwan. Curr Microbiol 2013; 68:440-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Chen YS, Yu CR, Ji SH, Liou MS, Leong KH, Pan SF, Wu HC, Lin YH, Yu B, Yanagida F. Enterocin T, a novel class IIa bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus sp. 812. Arch Microbiol 2013; 195:655-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-013-0917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Chang SY, Chen YS, Pan SF, Lee YS, Chang CH, Chang CH, Yu B, Wu HC. Enterocin TW21, a novel bacteriocin from dochi-isolated Enterococcus faecium D081821. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:673-8. [PMID: 23725102 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Purification and characterization of a novel bacteriocin produced by strain Enterococcus faecium D081821. METHODS AND RESULTS Enterococcus faecium D081821, isolated from the traditional Taiwanese fermented food dochi (fermented black beans), was previously found to produce a bacteriocin against Listeria monocytogenes and some Gram-positive bacteria. This bacteriocin, termed enterocin TW21, was purified from culture supernatant by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Mass spectrometry analysis showed the mass of the peptide to be approximately 5300·6 Da. The N-terminal amino acid sequencing yielded a partial sequence NH2 -ATYYGNGVYxNTQK by Edman degradation, and it contains the consensus class IIa bacteriocin motif YGNGV in the N-terminal region. The open reading frame (ORF) encoding the bacteriocin was identified from the draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecium D081821, and sequence analysis of this peptide indicated that enterocin TW21 is a novel bacteriocin. CONCLUSIONS Enterococcus faecium D081821 produced a bacteriocin named enterocin TW21, the molecular weight and amino acid sequence both revealed it to be a novel bacteriocin. SIGNIFICANT AND IMPACT OF STUDY A new member of class IIa bacteriocin was identified. This bacteriocin shows great inhibitory ability against L. monocytogenes and could be applied as a natural food preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Gui-Shan, Taiwan
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Khan H, Flint SH, Yu PL. Determination of the mode of action of enterolysin A, produced by Enterococcus faecalis B9510. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:484-94. [PMID: 23639072 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The current study aimed to visualize the damage caused by enterolysin A to the cells of sensitive strains and to find out cleavage site within the peptidoglycan moiety of bacterial cell walls. METHODS AND RESULTS Enterolysin A produced by a local isolate, Enterococcus faecalis B9510 was found to rapidly kill cells of the sensitive strain Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris 2144 during 120 min of treatment as compared to the untreated control where no such effect was observed. Transmission electron microscopy of the enterolysin A-treated cells revealed leaking of the cytoplasmic contents ultimately resulting in complete lysis of cell walls. To find the cleavage site, purified cell walls of L. lactis ssp. cremoris 2144, Pediococcus pentosaceus 43201 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 were treated with enterolysin A, and liberated amino acids were derivatized for N and C terminals and analysed using thin layer chromatography on silica gel with isopropanol as solvent. The results showed that enterolysin A cleaves the peptide bonds at two locations within peptidoglycan subunits. The first location is between L-alanine and D-glutamic acid of the stem peptide and the other location is between L-lysine of the stem peptide and D-aspartic acid of the interpeptide bridge. CONCLUSIONS Enterolysin A cleaves the peptide bonds within the stem peptide as well as in the interpeptide bridge of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls. This gives a possible reason for the broad spectrum of enterolysin A activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report identifying the cleavage site of enterolysin A within the cell walls of sensitive bacteria. This will help in identifying potential applications for enterolysin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khan
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Leong KH, Chen YS, Lin YH, Pan SF, Yu B, Wu HC, Yanagida F. Weissellicin L, a novel bacteriocin from sian-sianzih-isolated Weissella hellenica 4-7. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:70-6. [PMID: 23594122 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify and characterize novel bacteriocins from Weissella hellenica 4-7. METHODS AND RESULTS Weissella hellenica 4-7, isolated from the traditional Taiwanese fermented food sian-sianzih (fermented clams), was previously found to produce a bacteriocin active against Listeria monocytogenes and some other Gram-positive bacteria. Bacteriocin activity decreased slightly after autoclaving (121°C for 15 min), but was inactivated by protease K and trypsin. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the bacteriocin mass to be approximately 3205·6 Da. N-terminal amino acid sequencing yielded a partial sequence, NH2 -KGFLSWASKATSWLVGP, by Edman degradation. The obtained partial sequence showed high homology with leucocin B-TA33a; however, at least two different residues were observed. No identical peptide or protein was found, and this peptide was therefore considered to be a novel bacteriocin produced by W. hellenica 4-7 and termed weissellicin L. CONCLUSIONS The findings obtained in the current study suggest a novel bacteriocin produced by W. hellenica 4-7. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Bacteriocins from Weissella remain rare, and this study is the second report of a bacteriocin produced by W. hellenica.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Leong
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Gui-Shan Township, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
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22
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Chen YS, Liou MS, Ji SH, Yu CR, Pan SF, Yanagida F. Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from Yan-tsai-shin
(fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:125-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-s. Chen
- Department of Biotechnology; Ming Chuan University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - M.-s. Liou
- Department of Biotechnology; Ming Chuan University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - S.-h. Ji
- Department of Biotechnology; Ming Chuan University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - C.-r. Yu
- Department of Biotechnology; Ming Chuan University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - S.-f. Pan
- Department of Biotechnology; Ming Chuan University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - F. Yanagida
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture; Yamanashi University; Yamanashi Japan
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23
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Khan H, Flint S, Yu PL. Development of a chemically defined medium for the production of enterolysin A from Enterococcus faecalis
B9510. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1092-102. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Khan
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - S.H. Flint
- Institute of Food; Nutrition and Human Health; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - P.-L. Yu
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
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24
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Lakshminarayanan B, Guinane C, O'Connor P, Coakley M, Hill C, Stanton C, O'Toole P, Ross R. Isolation and characterization of bacteriocin-producing bacteria from the intestinal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects. J Appl Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Lakshminarayanan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - C.M. Guinane
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - P.M. O'Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - M. Coakley
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - C. Hill
- Department of Microbiology; University College; Cork Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - C. Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - P.W. O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology; University College; Cork Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - R.P. Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
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25
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Lin YH, Chen YS, Wu HC, Pan SF, Yu B, Chiang CM, Chiu CM, Yanagida F. Screening and characterization of LAB-produced bacteriocin-like substances from the intestine of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus
L.) as potential biocontrol agents in aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:299-307. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-H. Lin
- Department of Biotechnology; Ming Chuan University; Gui-Shan Taiwan
| | - Y.-S. Chen
- Department of Biotechnology; Ming Chuan University; Gui-Shan Taiwan
| | - H.-C. Wu
- Department of Biotechnology; Ming Chuan University; Gui-Shan Taiwan
| | - S.-F. Pan
- Department of Biotechnology; Ming Chuan University; Gui-Shan Taiwan
| | - B. Yu
- Department of Animal Science; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - C.-M. Chiang
- Department of Biotechnology; Ming Chuan University; Gui-Shan Taiwan
| | - C.-M. Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology; Ming Chuan University; Gui-Shan Taiwan
| | - F. Yanagida
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, Yamanashi University; Kofu Japan
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26
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Chen YS, Wu HC, Lo HY, Lin WC, Hsu WH, Lin CW, Lin PY, Yanagida F. Isolation and characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from jiang-gua (fermented cucumbers), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2069-2075. [PMID: 22271629 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jiang-gua (fermented cucumbers) is a popular traditional fermented food in Taiwan. The microflora of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in jiang-gua have not been investigated in detail. In this study, LAB from jiang-gua were isolated, characterised and identified. RESULTS A total of 103 LAB were isolated; 70 cultures were isolated from jiang-gua samples and 33 cultures were isolated from its raw substrate, cucumber. These isolates were mainly characterised phenotypically and then divided into seven groups (A-G) by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. The isolates were identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus, Leuconostoc lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Weissella cibaria and Weissella hellenica. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined and 11 Lc. lactis subsp. lactis strains showed inhibitory activity against the indicator strain Lactobacillus sakei JCM 1157(T) . CONCLUSION Heterofermentative W. cibaria and Leu. lactis were the major LAB found in jiang-gua samples without soy sauce. In soy sauce-added samples, homofermentative L. pentosus and L. plantarum were the most abundant LAB. In addition, the results also suggested that HhaI and RsaI restriction enzymes could be applied to distinguish W. hellenica and Weissella paramesenteroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-sheng Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De-Ming Road, Gui-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Shekh RM, Roy U. Biochemical characterization of an anti-Candida factor produced by Enterococcus faecalis. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:132. [PMID: 22759735 PMCID: PMC3585888 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because Candida albicans is resistant to several antifungal antibiotics, there is a need to identify other less toxic natural products, particularly antimicrobial proteins, peptides or bacteriocin like inhibitory substances. An attempt has been made to purify and characterise an anti-Candida compound produced by Enterococcus faecalis. Results An anti-Candida protein (ACP) produced by E. faecalis active against 8 C. albicans strains was characterised and partially purified. The ACP showed a broad-spectrum activity against multidrug resistant C. albicans MTCC 183, MTCC 7315, MTCC 3958, NCIM 3557, NCIM 3471 and DI. It was completely inactivated by treatment with proteinase K and partially by pronase E. The ACP retained biological stability after heat-treatment at 90°C for 20 min, maintained activity over a pH range 6–10, and remained active after treatment with α-amylase, lipase, organic solvents, and detergents. The antimicrobial activity of the E. faecalis strain was found exclusively in the extracellular filtrate produced in the late logarithmic growth phase. The highest activity (1600 AU mL-1) against C. albicans MTCC 183 was recorded at 48 h of incubation, and activity decreased thereafter. The peptide showed very low haemagglutination and haemolytic activities against human red blood cells. The antimicrobial substance was purified by salt-fractionation and chromatography. Partially purified ACP had a molecular weight of approximately 43 KDa in Tricine-PAGE analysis. The 12 amino acid N terminal sequence was obtained by Edman degradation. The peptide was de novo sequenced by ESI-MS, and the deduced combined sequence when compared to other bacteriocins and antimicrobial peptide had no significant sequence similarity. Conclusions The inhibitory activity of the test strain is due to the synthesis of an antimicrobial protein. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation of a promising non-haemolytic anti-Candida protein from E. faecalis that might be used to treat candidiasis especially in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeesh M Shekh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B, Goa, 403726, India
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Lan WT, Chen YS, Wu HC, Yanagida F. Bio-protective potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented wax gourd. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 57:99-105. [PMID: 22307833 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal activities of 85 lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from fermented wax gourd against the four fungal species, Penicillium oxalicum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus sydowii, and Mucor racemosus, were determined. Inhibitory activity against at least one or more fungal species was observed with 27 Weissella cibaria and 11 Weissella paramesenteroides strains. Among these strains, W. cibaria 861006 and W. paramesenteroides 860509 showed greater inhibitory activities and were therefore selected for further analysis. The results suggested that the antifungal activities were originated from the organic acids produced by W. cibaria 861006 and W. paramesenteroides 860509. The application tests indicated that the growth of P. oxalicum could be effectively inhibited by W. cibaria 861006 for 6 days on grape surfaces. However, W. paramesenteroides 860509 could only remain its inhibition effect for 48 h. The findings obtained in this study suggest the potential use of W. cibaria 861006 as a bio-protective agent against fungi for agricultural purposes or ready-to-eat fresh fruit and vegetable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tse Lan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De-Ming Road, Gui-Shan Township, Taoyuan County, 333, Taiwan
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DU LIHUI, SOMKUTI GEORGEA, RENYE JR JOHNA, HUO GUICHENG. PROPERTIES OF DURANCIN GL, A NEW ANTILISTERIAL BACTERIOCIN PRODUCED BY ENTEROCOCCUS DURANS 41D. J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2011.00346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen YS, Wu HC, Yanagida F. Isolation and characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolated from ripe mulberries in Taiwan. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:916-21. [PMID: 24031571 PMCID: PMC3769767 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220100004000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to isolate, characterize, and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from ripe mulberries collected in Taiwan. Ripe mulberry samples were collected at five mulberry farms, located in different counties of Taiwan. Eighty-eight acid-producing cultures were isolated from these samples, and isolates were divided into classes first by phenotype, then into groups by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics led to identification of four bacterial groups (A to D). Weissella cibaria was the most abundant type of LAB distributed in four mulberry farms, and Lactobacillus plantarum was the most abundant LAB found in the remaining farm. Ten W. cibaria and one Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolate produced bacteriocins against the indicator strain Lactobacillus sakei JCM 1157T. These results suggest that various LAB are distributed in ripe mulberries and W. cibaria was the most abundant LAB found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University , No. 5, De-Ming Rd., Gui-Shan Township, Taoyuan County 333 , Taiwan
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31
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Chen YS, Wu HC, Liu CH, Chen HC, Yanagida F. Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from jiang-sun (fermented bamboo shoots), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:1977-82. [PMID: 20698013 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated, characterized and identified from jiang-sun (fermented bamboo shoots; a traditional fermented food in Taiwan). Samples were collected at seven time intervals from a fixed fermenting bucket during the fermentation process of jiang-sun and its initial ingredients, dochi (fermented soybeans) and bamboo shoots. RESULTS A total of 57 LAB cultures were isolated; 42 cultures were isolated from jiang-sun samples and 15 cultures were isolated from dochi and bamboo shoots. These isolates were characterized phenotypically and then divided into three groups (A-C) by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. Alteration of microbial populations during the fermentation process was observed. While various LAB were found in the dochi and bamboo shoots, it was mostly replaced by Lactobacillus plantarum after 1 day of fermentation. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined, and one Enterococcus faecium strain showed inhibitory activity against all the indicator strains. CONCLUSION Results suggest that L. plantarum is the main LAB present during the fermentation of jiang-sun. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the distribution and varieties of LAB that exist in the jiang-sun fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Gui-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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32
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A novel bacteriocin with a broad inhibitory spectrum produced by Lactobacillus sake C2, isolated from traditional Chinese fermented cabbage. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lan WT, Chen YS, Yanagida F. Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from Yan-dong-gua (fermented wax gourd), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 108:484-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Purification and Characterization of Enterocin LR/6, a Bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecium LR/6. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:40-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Maqsood S, Hasan F, Masud T, Imran M. Preliminary characterisation of bacteriocin produced byLactobacillus acidophilus TS1 isolated from traditional dahi. ANN MICROBIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Renye JA, Somkuti GA, Paul M, Van Hekken DL. Characterization of antilisterial bacteriocins produced by Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus durans isolates from Hispanic-style cheeses. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 36:261-8. [PMID: 18972146 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci are often identified as constituents of the indigenous microflora from raw milk artisanal cheeses and are believed to contribute to the unique organoleptic qualities of these products. Many strains of enterococci are also known to produce antimicrobial peptides, enterocins, which may prevent the growth of certain food-born pathogens. In this study 33 enterococcal isolates from Hispanic-style cheeses were screened for the production of bacteriocins. Of the 33 isolates, 5 Enterococcus faecium and 1 Enterococcus durans isolates inhibited the growth of Listeria spp. The antilisterial activity was lost after treatment with pepsin, trypsin, pronase, proteinase K and alpha-chymotrypsin suggesting the active component was a protein or peptide. The active compounds were heat stable and had molecular weights between 4 and 8 kDa, which is characteristic of Class II enterocins. A PCR screen showed that four E. faecium isolates contained nucleic acid sequences for multiple enterocins. Isolate H41K contained entA and entP; and isolates H51Ca, H51Cb and H41B contained entA, entP and entL50AB, with H41B also containing entB. All PCR tests performed were negative for E. faecium isolate H41D, suggesting the production of a novel enterocin. The isolates were also screened for susceptibility to antibiotics, with only two showing low-level resistance to vancomycin (8 microg ml(-l)). However, three isolates were highly resistant to both tetracycline and kanamycin, with two of the isolates also showing high resistance to erythromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Renye
- United States Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 190398, USA.
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Assessment of environmental enterococci: bacterial antagonism, pathogenic capacity and antibiotic resistance. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2008; 94:555-62. [PMID: 18683076 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-008-9272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The properties of 166 environmental strains belonging to the seven enterococcal species were studied. Enterococci originated mainly from surface- and waste-waters. They were screened for the presence of enterocins, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. The presence of different enterocin genes (entA, entB, entP, ent31, entL50AB) was frequently observed in our enterococcal isolates, 109 strains contained at least one enterocin gene. The distribution of enterocin genes varied according to the species, the genes were present mainly in E. hirae and E. faecium. By enterocin spot assay, 10 isolates inhibited the growth of Listeria strains. To evaluate the pathogenic ability of isolates, the distribution of selected virulence genes (cylA, gelE and esp) was investigated, eleven strains were positive in some of these genes, five of them belonged to E. faecalis. Regarding the antibiotic resistance of isolates, only two strains were multiresistant and two strains (E. hirae and E. casseliflavus) were resistant to vancomycin.
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Yanagida F, Srionnual S, Chen YS. Isolation and characteristics of lactic acid bacteria from koshu vineyards in Japan. Lett Appl Microbiol 2008; 47:134-9. [PMID: 18673430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate, characterize and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the vineyards where koshu grapes, a primary wine grape cultivar in Japan, are grown. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty samples, including leaves, undamaged grape berries and soil under damaged berries, were collected at four koshu vineyards in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. One hundred and 15 acid-producing cultures were isolated from these samples, and the isolates were divided into classes by phenotype and then into groups by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics identified seven different bacterial groups (A to G). Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis was the most abundant type of LAB distributed in three koshu vineyards, and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides was the most abundant LAB found in the remaining vineyard. Forty-six isolates produced bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) against the indicator strain Lactobacillus sakei JCM 1157(T). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that various LAB are distributed in koshu vineyards, of which a large number produce BLIS. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report describing the distribution and varieties of LAB that exist in koshu vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yanagida
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Hu CB, Zendo T, Nakayama J, Sonomoto K. Description of durancin TW-49M, a novel enterocin B-homologous bacteriocin in carrot-isolated Enterococcus durans QU 49. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:681-90. [PMID: 18397254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the novel bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus durans. METHODS AND RESULTS Enterococcus durans QU 49 was isolated from carrot and expressed bactericidal activity over 20-43 degrees C. Bacteriocins were purified to homogeneity using the three-step purification method, one of which, termed durancin TW-49M, was an enterocin B-homologous peptide with most identical residues occurring in the N-terminus. Durancin TW-49M was more tolerant in acidic than in alkali. DNA sequencing analysis revealed durancin TW-49M was translated as a prepeptide of the double-glycine type. Durancin TW-49M and enterocin B expressed similar antimicrobial spectra, in which no significant variation due to the diversity in their C-termini was observed. CONCLUSIONS Durancin TW-49M, a novel nonpediocin-like class II bacteriocin, was characterized to the amino acid and genetic levels. The diverse C-terminal parts of durancin TW-49M and enterocin B were hardly to be suggested as the place determining the target cell specificity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first and comprehensive study of a novel bacteriocin produced by Ent. durans. The high homology at the N-terminal halves between durancin TW-49M and enterocin B makes them suitable to study the structure-function relationship of bacteriocins and their immunity proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-B Hu
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Microbial Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Srionnual S, Chen YS, Yanagida F. Searching for bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLISs)-producing lactic acid bacteria in Thai fermented foods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.4109/jslab.19.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Chen YS, Srionnual S, Onda T, Yanagida F. Effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides and trehalose on growth and production of bacteriocins by lactic acid bacteria. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 45:190-3. [PMID: 17651217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of two prebiotics and trehalose on the production of bacteriocins. METHODS AND RESULTS Four carbohydrates [dextrose, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), raffinose, and trehalose] were used as the sole carbon source in a simple broth. Five bacteriocin-producing strains of bacteria, including those producing nisin, enteriocin, and other bacteriocins, were used, and their inhibitory activities when grown on each carbohydrate were determined. The inhibitory activity assay was performed using the agar well diffusion method, and Lactobacillus sakei JCM 1,157(T) was used as the indicator strain. Effective enhancement of bacteriocin production was observed with FOS and trehalose incubation. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that FOS and trehalose can effectively enhance the production of the five kinds of bacteriocins evaluated in this study. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study offers useful information for not only a new application of FOS and trehalose, but also the potential improvement of food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Chen
- Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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Yanagida F, Chen YS, Yasaki M. Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from lakes. J Basic Microbiol 2007; 47:184-90. [PMID: 17440921 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200610237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from lake-water samples collected at 7 lakes distributed in Yamanashi prefecture, Japan. Sampling was performed year round. 112 cultures were isolated and divided into classes by phenotype and then into groups by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics identified eleven different bacterial groups (A to K), and the results showed that the isolates represented seven genera: Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Carnobacterium, Streptococcus, and Weissella. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis was the most abundant lactic acid bacteria found in these lakes. Furthermore, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis was also the most abundant lactic acid bacteria found throughout the year. Seasonal differences, numbers of isolates and the species of lactic acid bacteria were also recorded in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujitoshi Yanagida
- Institute of Enology and Viticulture, Yamanashi University, Yamanashi, Japan
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Chen YS, Yanagida F, Srionnual S. Characteristics of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances from dochi-isolated Enterococcus faecium D081821 and D081833. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 44:320-5. [PMID: 17309511 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.02058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) from two dochi-isolated Enterococcus faecium. METHODS AND RESULTS Enterococcus faecium D081821 and D081833 were isolated from dochi (a traditional fermented food in Taiwan) and found to produce BLIS with inhibitory activities against Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus cereus. Strains D081821 and D081833 showed different growth temperatures and their BLIS showed different sensitivities to heat, proteolytic enzymes, and antibacterial spectra. Both BLIS were collected, partially purified, and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). SDS-PAGE showed that both partially purified BLIS were approximately 3.0 kDa in size. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that E. faecium D081821 and D081833 produce different BLIS with strong antibacterial actions against the tested pathogenic bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results of this study suggest that two different BLIS from dochi-isolated lactic acid bacteria have potential for use as food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Chen
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi 1-13-1, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
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Srionnual S, Yanagida F, Lin LH, Hsiao KN, Chen YS. Weissellicin 110, a newly discovered bacteriocin from Weissella cibaria 110, isolated from plaa-som, a fermented fish product from Thailand. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:2247-50. [PMID: 17293526 PMCID: PMC1855655 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02484-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Weissella cibaria 110, isolated from the Thai fermented fish product plaa-som, was found to produce a bacteriocin active against some gram-positive bacteria. Bacteriocin activity was not eliminated by exposure to high temperatures or catalase but was destroyed by exposure to the proteolytic enzymes proteinase K and trypsin. The bacteriocin from W. cibaria 110 was purified, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the purified bacteriocin contained one protein band that was approximately 2.5 kDa in size. Mass spectrometry analysis showed the mass of the peptide to be approximately 3,487.8 Da. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis was performed, and 27 amino acids were identified. Because it has no similarity to other known bacteriocins, this bacteriocin was defined as a new bacteriocin and termed weissellicin 110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinat Srionnual
- Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1, Kitashin, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan.
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Screening of lactic acid bacteria for antimicrobial properties from mayonnaise-based products and raw materials. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-006-0535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chen YS, Yanagida F. Characteristics and Effects of Temperature and Surfactants on Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substance Production of Soil-Isolated Lactobacillus animalis C060203. Curr Microbiol 2006; 53:384-7. [PMID: 17066339 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-0493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A soil isolate of Lactobacillus animalis was found to produce a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) with a wide inhibitory spectrum against Gram-positive bacteria. The isolate exhibited high BLIS production in broth containing surfactants, such as Tween 20 and 80, but low BLIS production in the absence of surfactants. Culture temperature also had an effect on BLIS production. This is the first report to study the production and characteristics of L. animalis BLIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Chen
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1, Kitashin, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan
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Batdorj B, Dalgalarrondo M, Choiset Y, Pedroche J, Métro F, Prévost H, Chobert JM, Haertlé T. Purification and characterization of two bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from Mongolian airag. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 101:837-48. [PMID: 16968295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) issued from Mongolian airag (traditional fermented mare's milk), and to purify and characterize bacteriocins produced by these LAB. METHODS AND RESULTS Identification of the bacteria (Enterococcus durans) was carried out on the basis of its morphological, biochemical characteristics and carbohydrate fermentation profile and by API50CH kit and 16S rDNA analyses. The pH-neutral cell-free supernatant of this bacterium inhibited the growth of several Lactobacillus spp. and food-borne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua. The antimicrobial agent (enterocin A5-11) was heat stable and was not sensitive to acid and alkaline conditions (pH 2-10), but was sensitive to several proteolytic enzymes. Its inhibitory activity was completely eliminated after treatment with proteinase K and alpha-chymotrypsin. The activity was however not completely inactivated by other proteases including trypsin and pepsin. Three-step purification procedure with high recovery yields was developed to separate two bacteriocins. The applied procedure allowed the recovery of 16% and 64% of enterocins A5-11A and A5-11B, respectively, present in the culture supernatant with purity higher than 99%. SDS-PAGE analyses revealed that enterocin A5-11 has a molecular mass of 5000 Da and mass spectrometry analyses demonstrates molecular masses of 5206 and 5218 Da for fractions A and B, respectively. Amino acid analyses of both enterocins indicated significant quantitative difference in their contents in threonine, alanine, isoleucine and leucine. Their N-termini were blocked hampering straightforward Edman degradation. CONCLUSIONS Bacteriocins A5-11A and B from Ent. durans belong to the class II of bacteriocins. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Judging from molecular masses, amino acid composition and spectrum of activities, bacteriocins A5-11A and B from Ent. durans show high degree of similarity with enterocins L50A and L50B isolated from Enterococcus faecium (Cintas et al. 1998, 2000) and with enterocin I produced by Ent. faecium 6T1a, a strain originally isolated from a Spanish-style green olive fermentation (Floriano et al. 1998).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Batdorj
- Fonctions et Interactions des Protéines Laitières/Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRA, Nantes Cedex 3, France
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Chen YS, Yanagida F, Hsu JS. Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from dochi (fermented black beans), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 43:229-35. [PMID: 16869910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate, characterize and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in dochi (fermented black beans), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 30 samples were collected from three different dochi producers and analysed after different periods of storage. Fifty-two cultures of LAB were isolated from dochi samples and the isolates were divided into classes by phenotype and then into groups by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics identified six different bacterial groups (A-F) and showed that the majority of the isolates were homofermentative LAB. Enterococcus faecium was the most abundant of the dochi-isolated LAB. All isolated LAB were able to grow in MRS broth containing 6% NaCl, but only Enterococcus, Pediococcus and Tetragenococcus species could grow in MRS broth containing 10% NaCl. Furthermore, antibacterial activities of isolates were determined, and four isolates showed inhibitory activities against the indicator strain Lactobacillus sakei JCM 1157(T). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Ent. faecium is the main LAB present during the fermentation of dochi. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report describing the distribution and varieties of LAB that exist in the dochi fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Chen
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan.
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Yanagida F, Chen YS, Shinohara T. Searching for bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria in soil. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2006; 52:21-8. [PMID: 16598155 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.52.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A survey was conducted on the isolation and characterization of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria in soil. Forty-two acid-producing bacterial strains were isolated from 55 soil samples collected in Yamanashi prefecture, Japan. Investigation of antibacterial activities of isolates revealed that three isolates, Lactobacillus animalis C060203, Enterococcus durans C102901 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides C060204, showed antibacterial activities against the indicator strain of Lactobacillus sakei JCM 1157T. Bacteriocin from Enterococcus durans C102901 showed different characteristics from the known durancin L28-1A, produced by Enterococcus durans L28-1. Furthermore, this is the first report of a bacteriocin being produced by Lactobacillus animalis. Viewing from the species, bacteriocins from strains C102901 and C060203 showed high possibilities for the novel substances. These significant findings suggest that soil may be a common source for the isolation of novel bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujitoshi Yanagida
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kitashin, Kofu, Japan
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YANAGIDA F, CHEN YS, SRIONNUAL S. Bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C 101910 isolated from lake water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.4109/jslab.17.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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