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Janda JM, Duman M. Expanding the Spectrum of Diseases and Disease Associations Caused by Edwardsiella tarda and Related Species. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1031. [PMID: 38792860 PMCID: PMC11124366 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Edwardsiella, previously residing in the family Enterobacteriaceae and now a member of the family Hafniaceae, is currently composed of five species, although the taxonomy of this genus is still unsettled. The genus can primarily be divided into two pathogenic groups: E. tarda strains are responsible for almost all human infections, and two other species (E. ictaluri, E. piscicida) cause diseases in fish. Human infections predominate in subtropical habitats of the world and in specific geospatial regions with gastrointestinal disease, bloodborne infections, and wound infections, the most common clinical presentations in decreasing order. Gastroenteritis can present in many different forms and mimic other intestinal disturbances. Chronic gastroenteritis is not uncommon. Septicemia is primarily found in persons with comorbid conditions including malignancies and liver disease. Mortality rates range from 9% to 28%. Most human infections are linked to one of several risk factors associated with freshwater or marine environments such as seafood consumption. In contrast, edwardsiellosis in fish is caused by two other species, in particular E. ictaluri. Both E. ictaluri and E. piscicida can cause massive outbreaks of disease in aquaculture systems worldwide, including enteric septicemia in channel catfish and tilapia. Collectively, these species are increasingly being recognized as important pathogens in clinical and veterinary medicine. This article highlights and provides a current perspective on the taxonomy, microbiology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of this increasingly important group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Michael Janda
- Kern County Public Health Laboratory, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
| | - Muhammed Duman
- Aquatic Animal Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey;
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Kelly E, Martin PAJ, Gibson-Kueh S, Morgan DL, Ebner BC, Donaldson J, Buller N, Crook DA, Brooks S, Davis AM, Hammer MP, Foyle L, Hair S, Lymbery AJ. First detection of Edwardsiella ictaluri (Proteobacteria: Enterobacteriaceae) in wild Australian catfish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:199-208. [PMID: 28836666 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri is considered to be one of the most significant pathogens of farmed catfish in the United States of America and has also caused mortalities in farmed and wild fishes in many other parts of the world. E. ictaluri is not believed to be present in wild fish populations in Australia, although it has previously been detected in imported ornamental fishes held in quarantine facilities. In an attempt to confirm freedom from the bacterium in Australian native fishes, we undertook a risk-based survey of wild catfishes from 15 sites across northern Australia. E. ictaluri was detected by selective culturing, followed by DNA testing, in Wet Tropics tandan (Tandanus tropicanus) from the Tully River, at a prevalence of 0.40 (95% CI 0.21-0.61). The bacterium was not found in fishes sampled from any of the other 14 sites. This is the first report of E. ictaluri in wild fishes in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kelly
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P A J Martin
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S Gibson-Kueh
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - D L Morgan
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - B C Ebner
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- CSIRO Land & Water, Atherton, Qld, Australia
| | - J Donaldson
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- CSIRO Land & Water, Atherton, Qld, Australia
| | - N Buller
- Animal Health Laboratories, Department of Agriculture and Food of Western Australia, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - D A Crook
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia
| | - S Brooks
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - A M Davis
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- CSIRO Land & Water, Atherton, Qld, Australia
| | - M P Hammer
- Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - L Foyle
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - S Hair
- Animal Health Laboratories, Department of Agriculture and Food of Western Australia, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A J Lymbery
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Trung Cao T, Tsai MA, Yang CD, Wang PC, Kuo TY, Gabriel Chen HC, Chen SC. Vaccine efficacy of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Edwardsiella ictaluri against E. tarda in tilapia. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2014; 60:241-50. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.60.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Trung Cao
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation
| | | | - Chung-Da Yang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Tsun-Yung Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Ilan University
- Department of Animal Science, National Ilan University
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Shen Z, Duan C, Zhang C, Carson A, Xu D, Zheng G. Using an intervening sequence of Faecalibacterium 16S rDNA to identify poultry feces. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:6415-6422. [PMID: 24011842 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify poultry feces-specific marker(s) within sequences of Faecalibacterium 16S rDNA for detecting poultry fecal pollution in water. Bioinformatics tools were used in the comparative analysis of 7,458 sequences of Faecalibacterium 16S rDNA, reportedly associated with various poultry (chicken and turkey) and animal species. One intervening sequence (IVS) within between the hypervariable region 1 and the conserved region 2, designated as IVS-p, was found to be unique to poultry feces. Based on this sequence, a PCR assay (PCR-p) was developed. The PCR-p produced an amplicon of 132 bp only in the test when fecal or wastewater samples from poultry were used, but not when using fecal or wastewater samples from other sources. The non-poultry sources included feces of beef or dairy cattle, dog, horse, human, domestic or wild geese, seagull, sheep, swine, and wild turkey. These data indicate that IVS-p may prove to be a useful genetic marker for the specific identification of poultry fecal pollution in environmental waterways. Furthermore, results of data mining and PCR assay indicate that the IVS-p may have a broad geographic distribution. This report represents initial evidence of the potential utility of ribosomal intervening sequences as genetic markers for tracking host sources of fecal pollution in waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Shen
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University, 904 Chestnut Street, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA
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Pohlenz C, Buentello A, Criscitiello MF, Mwangi W, Smith R, Gatlin DM. Synergies between vaccination and dietary arginine and glutamine supplementation improve the immune response of channel catfish against Edwardsiella ictaluri. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:543-551. [PMID: 22728565 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Channel catfish was used to investigate the enhancement of vaccine efficacy following dietary supplementation with arginine (ARG, 4% of diet), glutamine (GLN, 2% of diet), or a combination of both. After vaccination against Edwardsiella ictaluri, humoral and cellular immune responses, along with lymphoid organ responses were evaluated. E. ictaluri-specific antibody titers in plasma were higher (P < 0.05) in fish fed the supplemented diets compared to those fed the basal diet as early as 7 d post-vaccination (dpv). B-cell proportion in head-kidney was higher (P < 0.05) at 14 dpv in vaccinated fish fed the GLN diet. The responsiveness of spleen and head-kidney lymphocytes against E. ictaluri was enhanced (P < 0.05) by dietary supplementation of ARG or GLN at 14 dpv. Additionally, at 7 dpv, vaccinated fish fed the GLN diet had higher (P < 0.05) head kidney weights relative to the other dietary treatments, and vaccinated fish fed ARG-supplemented diets had higher (P < 0.05) protein content in this tissue. Results from this study suggest that dietary supplementation of ARG and GLN may improve specific cellular and humoral mechanisms, enhancing the acquired immunity in vaccinated channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Pohlenz
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Intercollegiate, Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 216 Heep Laboratory Building, 2258 TAMUS, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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