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Poudel S, Li T, Chen S, Zhang X, Cheng WH, Sukumaran AT, Kiess AS, Zhang L. Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Characterization of Campylobacter Isolated from Broilers and Broiler Meat Raised without Antibiotics. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0025122. [PMID: 35536038 PMCID: PMC9241809 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00251-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the main bacterial pathogens that cause campylobacteriosis in the United States. Poultry is considered a major reservoir for the transmission of Campylobacter to humans. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Campylobacter in the no-antibiotics-ever (NAE) broilers. A total of 414 samples were collected, among which 160 retail chicken samples were purchased from grocery stores and 254 samples were collected from broiler farms located in Mississippi State. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter was 25.4%, and a significantly higher prevalence was observed in retail chicken than in the farm samples (36.3% versus 18.5%; P < 0.0001), respectively. The prevalence of Campylobacter was not different (P = 0.263) between conventional retail (40.0%) and NAE (31.4%) retail chicken. Campylobacter jejuni was the predominant species among the positive isolates, accounting for 78.1%. Among the 82 C. jejuni isolates, 52.4% of the isolates carried the gyrA gene followed by the tet(O) gene (14.6%), whereas toxin-producing genes cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC were carried by 43.9%, 46.3%, and 43.9%, respectively. However, none of these virulence genes were detected in C. jejuni isolated from litter samples. Among tested C. jejuni, 13.6% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. The highest resistance was observed against nalidixic acid (49.2%), followed by tetracycline (23.7%). Our study suggests that the prevalence of Campylobacter was higher in retail meat samples than in environmental samples obtained from farms, and there was no difference in Campylobacter prevalence among conventional and NAE retail chicken. IMPORTANCE The FDA antibiotic withdrawal policy has led to a shift in the production system, from conventional antibiotics fed birds to no antibiotics ever (NAE) raised birds. However, the impact of this shift to NAE on the prevalence and characteristics of Campylobacter has not been studied on the farm or in retail chicken meats. The objective of this study was to determine the current prevalence of Campylobacter and the distribution of their antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in NAE-raised broilers. The findings of this study will help the industry to take necessary action to develop effective mitigation strategies for reducing Campylobacter contamination in NAE broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Poudel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tianmin Li
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Anuraj T. Sukumaran
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Aaron S. Kiess
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Lanzl MI, van Mastrigt O, Zwietering MH, Abee T, den Besten HMW. Role of substrate availability in the growth of Campylobacter co-cultured with extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Bolton broth. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 363:109518. [PMID: 34996645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL-) Escherichia coli challenge reliable detection of campylobacters during enrichment in Bolton broth (BB) following ISO 10272-1:2017. The overgrowth of Campylobacter by ESBL-E. coli in the enrichment medium BB can lead to false-negative detection outcomes, but the cause for the growth suppression is yet unknown. A plausible reason could be the competition-induced lack of certain growth substrates. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether campylobacters and ESBL-E. coli compete for the same medium components and whether this is the cause for the observed growth repression. The availability of possible growth substrates in BB was determined and changes in their extracellular concentration were measured over time during mono-culture enrichment of C. jejuni, C. coli or ESBL-E. coli as well as in co-culture enrichments of campylobacters and ESBL-E. coli. Comparative analysis showed lactate and fumarate utilization by C. jejuni and C. coli exclusively, whereas ESBL-E. coli rapidly consumed asparagine, glutamine/arginine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, pyruvate, glycerol, cellobiose, and glucose. Both campylobacters and ESBL-E. coli utilized aspartate, serine, formate, a-ketoglutarate and malate. Trends in compound utilization were similar for C. jejuni and C. coli and trends in compound utilization were rather comparable during enrichment of reference and freeze-stressed campylobacters. Since final cell densities of C. jejuni and C. coli in co-cultures were not enhanced by the addition of surplus l-serine and final cell densities were similar in fresh and spent medium, growth suppression seems not to be caused by a lack of substrates or production of inhibitory compounds. We hypothesized that oxygen availability was limiting growth in co-cultures. Higher oxygen availability increased the competitive fitness of C. jejuni 81-176 in co-culture with ESBL-E. coli in duplicate experiments, as cell concentrations in stationary phase were similar to those without competition. This could indicate the critical role of oxygen availability during the growth of Campylobacter and offers potential for further improvement of Campylobacter spp. enrichment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Lanzl
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - O van Mastrigt
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - M H Zwietering
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - T Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - H M W den Besten
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands.
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Bell RL, Kase JA, Harrison LM, Balan KV, Babu U, Chen Y, Macarisin D, Kwon HJ, Zheng J, Stevens EL, Meng J, Brown EW. The Persistence of Bacterial Pathogens in Surface Water and Its Impact on Global Food Safety. Pathogens 2021; 10:1391. [PMID: 34832547 PMCID: PMC8617848 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water is vital to agriculture. It is essential that the water used for the production of fresh produce commodities be safe. Microbial pathogens are able to survive for extended periods of time in water. It is critical to understand their biology and ecology in this ecosystem in order to develop better mitigation strategies for farmers who grow these food crops. In this review the prevalence, persistence and ecology of four major foodborne pathogens, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella, Campylobacter and closely related Arcobacter, and Listeria monocytogenes, in water are discussed. These pathogens have been linked to fresh produce outbreaks, some with devastating consequences, where, in a few cases, the contamination event has been traced to water used for crop production or post-harvest activities. In addition, antimicrobial resistance, methods improvements, including the role of genomics in aiding in the understanding of these pathogens, are discussed. Finally, global initiatives to improve our knowledge base of these pathogens around the world are touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Bell
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Julie A. Kase
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Lisa M. Harrison
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (L.M.H.); (K.V.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Kannan V. Balan
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (L.M.H.); (K.V.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Uma Babu
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (L.M.H.); (K.V.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Yi Chen
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Dumitru Macarisin
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Hee Jin Kwon
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Jie Zheng
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Eric L. Stevens
- Office of the Center Director, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Eric W. Brown
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
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Chon JW, Jung JY, Ahn Y, Bae D, Khan S, Seo KH, Kim H, Sung K. Detection of Campylobacter jejuni from Fresh Produce: Comparison of Culture- and PCR-based Techniques, and Metagenomic Approach for Analyses of the Microbiome before and after Enrichment. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1704-1712. [PMID: 33878155 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, we compared the efficiency of culture-based methods with or without membrane filtration, real-time PCR, and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) for the detection of Campylobacter in fresh produce. Alfalfa sprouts, clover sprouts, coleslaw, and lettuce salad spiked with Campylobacter jejuni were enriched in Bolton broth for 48 h, and enrichment cultures were either directly inoculated onto modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar or applied on membrane filters placed on the surface of plating media. In parallel, 2-mL Bolton broth cultures were taken to extract DNA for real-time PCR and ddPCR assays and bacterial community analysis. A developed primer set for ddPCR and real-time PCR was evaluated for its inclusivity and exclusivity using pure culture of C. jejuni and non-C. jejuni strains, respectively. In pure culture, the primer set reacted only with C. jejuni strains and showed negative reaction to non-C. jejuni strains. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the detection efficiency of positive Campylobacter isolates from coleslaw and lettuce salad using four detection methods. However, for sprout samples, the detection efficiency of the culture method was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the two PCR assays and the filtration method. The analysis also revealed the presence of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter as the most prevalent competing microbiota in enriched culture and only Acinetobacter on agar plates in the selective culture step. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Youngbeom Ahn
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Saeed Khan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidon Sung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
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Ha J, Seo Y, Kim Y, Choi Y, Oh H, Lee Y, Park E, Kang J, Lee H, Lee S, Yoon Y. Development of a Selective Agar for Improving Campylobacter jejuni Detection in Food. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:1344-1349. [PMID: 33856456 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is a major gastroenteritis-causing foodborne pathogen. However, it is difficult to isolate when competing bacteria or cold-damaged cells are present. OBJECTIVE Herein, a medium (Campylobacter selective agar, CSA) was developed and supplemented with catalase, L-serine, L-cysteine, and quercetin for the selective detection of C. jejuni in food. METHODS The C. jejuni-detection efficiency in broth media and chicken tenders was evaluated. The pathogen was enumerated on modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA), CSA supplemented with 4 µM catalase (CSA-C4), 8 µM catalase (CSA-C8), 20 mM L-serine (CSA-S20) or 50 mM L-serine (CSA-S50), and mCCDA supplemented with 0.5 mM L-cysteine (mCCDA-LC0.5), 1 mM L-cysteine (mCCDA-LC1), 40 µM quercetin (mCCDA-Q40) or 320 µM quercetin (mCCDA-Q320). The detection efficiency was then evaluated by counting colonies on the selective agar media. Quantitative assessment was also performed using chicken and duck carcasses. RESULTS The C. jejuni detection efficiencies were higher (p < 0.05) in the groups CSA-C4 or CSA-C8 and CSA-S20 or CSA-S50 than mCCDA, and the detection efficiencies were maintained even in the presence of Acinetobacter baumannii, a competing bacterium. In the quantitative test, CSA-C8 and CSA-S50 demonstrated higher C. jejuni-detection efficiencies than mCCDA (control). CONCLUSION Therefore, CSA-C8 and CSA-S50 improved the detection efficiency of C. jejuni in poultry products by promoting the recovery of cold-damaged cells. HIGHLIGHTS When using CSA-C8 or CSA-S50 developed in this study for detection of C. jejuni in food, detection efficiency was higher than mCCDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimyeong Ha
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Yeongeun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Yewon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Joohyun Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Food Standard Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
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Dos Santos Pozza J, Voss-Rech D, Dos Santos Lopes L, Silveira Luiz Vaz C. Research Note: A baseline survey of thermotolerant Campylobacter in retail chicken in southern Brazil. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2690-2695. [PMID: 32359606 PMCID: PMC7597543 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken is a leading source of thermotolerant Campylobacter, which triggers human foodborne enteritis. This study evaluated thermotolerant Campylobacter contamination of retail chicken in southern Brazil, using qualitative and quantitative analyses. Selective enrichment in Bolton broth for 24 and 48 h after plating onto modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate (mCCD) agar and Preston agar was assessed. The combined results of the detection and enumeration methods revealed a frequency of 70% occurrence of thermotolerant Campylobacter in chicken samples. Campylobacter was enumerated in 60% of the samples, whereas 46% of the samples were positive in the qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis showed average counts of 3.10 ± 0.15 log10 CFU/sample. Higher numbers of Campylobacter-positive samples were found using 24-h enrichment before plating onto Preston agar (46%) than onto mCCD agar (2%). The majority of isolated strains were identified as Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter coli was also found but to a lesser extent. Subtyping revealed a clear distinction between strains isolated from different chicken sources. The enriched samples plated onto mCCD agar showed extensive spreading of nonproducing extended-spectrum β-lactamases Proteus mirabilis that hampered the identification of Campylobacter colonies. P. mirabilis strains showed resistance to cefoperazone, trimethoprim, and polymyxin B present in broth and plate media used and were inhibited by rifampicin present in Preston agar. The results underline the effect of the spread of contaminant strains on Campylobacter cultures, which might be prevented using a recently revised International Organization for Standardization method for qualitative analysis of chicken.
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Estimating the performance of four culture media used for enumeration and detection of Campylobacter species in chicken meat. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Brosel-Oliu S, Abramova N, Uria N, Bratov A. Impedimetric transducers based on interdigitated electrode arrays for bacterial detection - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1088:1-19. [PMID: 31623704 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Application of the impedance spectroscopy technique to detection of bacteria has advanced considerably over the last decade. This is reflected by the large amount of publications focused on basic research and applications of impedance biosensors. Employment of modern technologies to significantly reduce dimension of impedimetric devices enable on-chip integration of interdigitated electrode arrays for low-cost and easy-to-use sensors. This review is focused on publications dealing with interdigitated electrodes as a transducer unit and different bacteria detection systems using these devices. The first part of the review deals with the impedance technique principles, paying special attention to the use of interdigitated electrodes, while the main part of this work is focused on applications ranging from bacterial growth monitoring to label-free specific bacteria detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Brosel-Oliu
- Departament de Micro-Nano Sistemes, BIOMEMS Group, Institut Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, 08290, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Natalia Abramova
- Departament de Micro-Nano Sistemes, BIOMEMS Group, Institut Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, 08290, Bellaterra, Spain; Lab. Artificial Sensors Syst., ITMO University, Kronverskiy pr.49, 197101, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - Naroa Uria
- Departament de Micro-Nano Sistemes, BIOMEMS Group, Institut Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, 08290, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Andrey Bratov
- Departament de Micro-Nano Sistemes, BIOMEMS Group, Institut Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, 08290, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Würfel SFR, da Silva WP, de Oliveira MG, Kleinubing NR, Lopes GV, Gandra EA, Dellagostin OA. Genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from poultry meat products sold on the retail market in Southern Brazil. Poult Sci 2019; 98:932-939. [PMID: 30137619 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is regarded as the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis throughout the world and most cases of human campylobacteriosis can be traced back to the consumption of poultry meat. In Brazil, few studies evaluated the genetic relatedness among Campylobacter isolates. The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry meat products sold on the retail market in Southern Brazil. The presumptive identification of Campylobacter was performed using traditional microbiological analysis, followed by molecular confirmation by PCR. The genetic diversity of isolates was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 91.7% (33/36) of the samples, totaling 48 isolates. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species isolated (90.8%). PFGE data revealed 26 pulsotypes and 18 PFGE patterns composed of only 1 isolate. Campylobacter isolates exhibited high genetic diversity; however, some clones were recurrent in the poultry meat products sold on the retail market. As the south region of Brazil is an important producer and exporter of chicken meat, our results highlight the need to control this pathogen in the food chain in this area of the world to reduce the risks of exposing consumers to campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F R Würfel
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - W P da Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M G de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - N R Kleinubing
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - G V Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - E A Gandra
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - O A Dellagostin
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Wei B, Kang M, Jang HK. Evaluation of potassium clavulanate supplementation of Bolton broth for enrichment and detection of Campylobacter from chicken. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205324. [PMID: 30356296 PMCID: PMC6200224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture-based detection of Campylobacter can be affected by competing flora, temperature, incubation time, and presence of blood. The presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in poultry has become one of the most common factors interfering with the detection of Campylobacter. In the present study, we evaluated potassium clavulanate (ESBL inhibitor) as a supplement in Bolton broth (C-Bolton broth) for enrichment and detection of Campylobacter. First, we determined growth kinetics of Campylobacter in the presence of different concentrations of ESBL E. coli in C-Bolton broth during enrichment. The effects of other factors such as incubation time, incubation temperature, and presence of blood on Campylobacter detection in C-Bolton broth were also investigated. The growth of Campylobacter co-cultured at a low concentration (2 and 4 log10 CFU/mL) of ESBL E. coli was similar to that of Campylobacter alone in C-Bolton broth, and Campylobacter co-cultured at a high concentration (6 and 8 log10 CFU/mL) of ESBL E. coli showed slower growth than the pure Campylobacter culture. The Campylobacter detection limit was 1 log10 CFU/mL when mixed with 2, 4, or 6 log10 CFU/mL of E. coli and 3 log10 CFU/mL when mixed with 8 log10 CFU/mL of E. coli after 48 h enrichment in the broth. Campylobacter detection from chicken feces and litter samples was not affected by incubation time, or presence of blood in the broth. A modified procedure of enrichment in C-Bolton broth at 37°C for 24 h without blood showed a significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher detection rate and a lower false-negative rate than the ISO 10272-1:2006 method for Campylobacter detection from chicken feces and litter samples. In summary, the present study demonstrates the efficacy of Bolton broth supplemented with potassium clavulanate in the detection of Campylobacter mixed with ESBL E. coli, and an improved procedure to detect Campylobacter from chicken feces and litter samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Wei
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Kwan Jang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
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Chon JW, Lee SK, Yoon Y, Yoon KS, Kwak HS, Joo IS, Seo KH. Quantitative prevalence and characterization of Campylobacter from chicken and duck carcasses from poultry slaughterhouses in South Korea. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2909-2916. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Chon JW, Kim YJ, Rashid F, Sung K, Khan S, Kim H, Seo KH. Improvement of Bolton broth by supplementation with tazobactam for the isolation of Campylobacter from chicken rinses. Poult Sci 2018; 97:289-293. [PMID: 29112760 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overgrowth of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) on Campylobacter media prevents the latter's selective isolation, thereby making the improvement of Campylobacter-selective media necessary. We evaluated tazobactam (an ESBL inhibitor) to supplement Bolton enrichment broth (Tz-Bolton broth) for the selective isolation of Campylobacter in chicken carcass rinses. First, using 20 strains of ESBL-producing E. coli and 13 Campylobacter strains, we found 4 μg/mL of tazobactam to be optimal for inhibiting the ESBL-producing E. coli while allowing the growth of all tested Campylobacter strains. Next, 80 whole chicken carcasses were rinsed with buffered peptone water (BPW), and 25 mL of BPW rinse was mixed with 2 × blood-free Bolton broth (25 mL) with or without tazobactam followed by incubation at 42°C for 48 h under microaerobic conditions. A loopful of the incubated broth was inoculated on modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) and microaerobically incubated at 42°C for 48 h. The tazobactam supplemented Bolton broth showed a higher Campylobacter isolation rate (38.8%, p < 0.05) than normal Bolton broth (15%). Moreover, the number of mCCDA plates with non-Campylobacter was much lower (p < 0.05) after enrichment in Tz-Bolton broth (0%) than in the normal Bolton broth (80%), suggesting that selectivity of the modified broth was superior to normal Bolton broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Young-Ji Kim
- KU center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Farzana Rashid
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kidon Sung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Saeed Khan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition College of Human Ecology Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- KU center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jo Y, Oh HM, Yoon Y, Lee SY, Ha JH, Kim WI, Kim HY, Han S, Kim SR. Enrichment Broth for the Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Fresh Produce and Poultry. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1842-1850. [PMID: 28990821 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli has been increasingly reported worldwide owing to the consumption of contaminated poultry and fresh produce, the current detection protocols are not selective enough to inhibit unspecific microbes other than these pathogens. Five antibiotics were separately added to Bolton broth, and the survival rates of 18 Campylobacter spp. and 79 non-Campylobacter spp. were evaluated. The survival rate of the non-Campylobacter spp. was the lowest in Bolton broth with rifampin (6.3%), followed by cefsulodin (12.7%), novobiocin (16.5%), and potassium tellurite and sulfamethozaxole (both 17.7%). Also the most effective concentration of rifampin was found to be 12.5 mg/L, which markedly inhibited non-Campylobacter strains while not affecting the survival of Campylobacter strains. After the Campylobacter spp. were enriched in Bolton broth supplemented with 12.5 mg/L rifampin (R-Bolton broth), CampyFood Agar (CFA) was found to be better in selectively isolating the pathogens in the enrichment broth than the International Organization for Standardization method of using modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) for this step. When applied to natural food samples-here, romaine lettuce, pepper, cherry tomato, Korean leek, and chicken-the R-Bolton broth-CFA combination decreased the number of false-positive results by 50.0, 4.2, 20.8, 50.0, and 94.4%, respectively, compared with the International Organization for Standardization method (Bolton broth-mCCDA combination). These results demonstrate that the combination of R-Bolton broth and CFA is more efficient in detecting C. jejuni and C. coli in poultry and fresh produce and thus should replace the Bolton broth-mCCDA combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmi Jo
- Microbial Safety Team, Department of Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.,Present address: Agromaterial Assessment Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 47262, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoung Ha
- Microbial Safety Team, Department of Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.,Present address: Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- Microbial Safety Team, Department of Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Yong Kim
- Microbial Safety Team, Department of Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Han
- Microbial Safety Team, Department of Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ri Kim
- Microbial Safety Team, Department of Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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Chon JW, Kim YJ, Kim YJ, Jung JY, Bae D, Khan S, Seo KH, Sung K. Addition of Rifampicin to Bolton Broth to Inhibit Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-ProducingEscherichia colifor the Detection ofCampylobacter. J Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- Div. of Microbiology, Natl. Center for Toxicological Research; US Food and Drug Administration; Jefferson AR 72079 U.S.A
| | - Young-Ji Kim
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk Univ.; Hwayang-dong Gwangjin-gu Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jo Kim
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Osong 28159 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Div. of Microbiology, Natl. Center for Toxicological Research; US Food and Drug Administration; Jefferson AR 72079 U.S.A
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Div. of Microbiology, Natl. Center for Toxicological Research; US Food and Drug Administration; Jefferson AR 72079 U.S.A
| | - Saeed Khan
- Div. of Microbiology, Natl. Center for Toxicological Research; US Food and Drug Administration; Jefferson AR 72079 U.S.A
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk Univ.; Hwayang-dong Gwangjin-gu Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Kidon Sung
- Div. of Microbiology, Natl. Center for Toxicological Research; US Food and Drug Administration; Jefferson AR 72079 U.S.A
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Kurekci C, Pehlivanlar Önen S. Characteristics of ciprofloxacin resistant Campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken meat in Turkey. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chon JW, Kim HS, Kim DH, Kim YJ, Sung K, Kim H, Seo KH. Efficacy of Syringe Filtration for the Selective Isolation of Campylobacter from Chicken Carcass Rinse. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1050-1053. [PMID: 28513216 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of syringe filtration for selective isolation of Campylobacter from chicken carcass rinse by combining syringe filtration with the conventional culture method. Whole chicken carcass rinses were incubated in Bolton enrichment broth, set aside or subjected to syringe filtration, and streaked on Campy-Cefex agar with or without cefoperazone antibiotic supplement. Compared with the conventional method without filtration, 0.65-μm-pore-size syringe filtration resulted in a significantly higher number of Campylobacter-positive samples (23.8 to 37.5% versus 70.0 to 72.5%; P < 0.05), a lower number of plates contaminated with non-Campylobacter (93.8% versus 6.3 to 26.3%), and a lower growth index (1 = growth of a few colonies; 2 = growth of colonies on about half of the plate; and 3 = growth on most of the plate) for competing microbiota (2.9 to 3.0 versus 1.2 to 1.4). When syringe filtration was applied, agar plates containing the antibiotic had significantly less contamination (6.3% versus 26.3%; P < 0.05) and a lower growth index (1.2 versus 1.4) compared with plates without the antibiotic, although the Campylobacter isolation rate was similar (P > 0.05). Syringe filtration combined with conventional enrichment improved the rate and selectivity of Campylobacter isolation from chicken carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- 1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Hong-Seok Kim
- 2 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- 2 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ji Kim
- 2 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidon Sung
- 1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- 3 Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- 2 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Kim YJ, Whan CJ, Kim HS, Kim KY, Yim JH, Cho SH, Seo KH. Improvement of Karmali Agar by Supplementation with Tazobactam for Detecting Campylobacter in Raw Poultry. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1982-1985. [PMID: 28221899 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Karmali agar was modified by adding tazobactam (T-Karmali agar) to suppress the growth of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli , which frequently contaminates raw poultry meat. By inoculating 30 Campylobacter spp. strains and 25 ESBL-producing E. coli strains onto Karmali agar and T-Karmali agar containing various concentrations of the antibacterial agent, we determined the optimum concentration of tazobactam to be 4 mg/liter. The Campylobacter spp. isolation rate on T-Karmali agar (13.3%) was higher than that on Karmali agar (8.3%), although the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). However, T-Karmali agar showed a significantly greater selectivity than Karmali agar, as evaluated by comparing the numbers of contaminated agar plates (20.8 versus 82.5%; P < 0.05) and the growth indexes (1.36 versus 2.83) of competing flora. The predominant competing flora on Karmali and T-Karmali agar were identified as ESBL-producing E. coli . Thus, T-Karmali agar might be effective for determining the real prevalence of Campylobacter in raw poultry and, especially, contamination with ESBL-producing E. coli .
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ji Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Chon-Jung Whan
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeop Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Yim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Cho
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju 363-951, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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Hazeleger WC, Jacobs-Reitsma WF, den Besten HMW. Quantification of Growth of Campylobacter and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Bacteria Sheds Light on Black Box of Enrichment Procedures. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1430. [PMID: 27672384 PMCID: PMC5018479 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is well recognized as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease worldwide, and is routinely found in meat originating from poultry, sheep, pigs, and cattle. Effective monitoring of Campylobacter contamination is dependent on the availability of reliable detection methods. The method of the International Organization for Standardization for the detection of Campylobacter spp. in food (ISO 10272-1:2006) recommends the use of Bolton broth (BB) as selective enrichment medium, including a pre-enrichment step of 4–6 h at 37°C to revive sublethally damaged cells prior to incubation for 2 days at 41.5°C. Recently the presence of abundantly growing extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL bacteria) has become one of the most important factors that interfere with the isolation of Campylobacter, resulting in false-negative detection. However, detailed growth dynamics of Campylobacter and its competitors remain unclear, where these would provide a solid base for further improvement of the enrichment procedure for Campylobacter. Other enrichment broths, such as Preston broth (PB) and BB plus clavulanic acid (BBc) have been suggested to inhibit competitive flora. Therefore, these different broths were used as enrichments to measure the growth kinetics of several strains of Campylobacter jejuni and ESBL bacteria separately, in co-culture and of strains in chicken samples. The maximum cell numbers and often the growth rates of Campylobacter in mixed culture with ESBL bacteria were significantly lower than in single cultures, indicating severe suppression of Campylobacter by ESBL bacteria, also in naturally contaminated samples. PB and BBc successfully diminished ESBL bacteria and might therefore be a better choice as enrichment medium in possibly ESBL-bacteria contaminated samples. The efficacy of a pre-enrichment step in the BB ISO-procedure was not supported for cold-stressed and non-stressed cells. Therefore, omission of this step (4–6 h at 37°C) might be advised to obtain a less troublesome protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma C Hazeleger
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands
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Kim J, Oh E, Banting GS, Braithwaite S, Chui L, Ashbolt NJ, Neumann NF, Jeon B. An Improved Culture Method for Selective Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from Wastewater. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1345. [PMID: 27617011 PMCID: PMC4999441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading foodborne pathogens worldwide. C. jejuni is isolated from a wide range of foods, domestic animals, wildlife, and environmental sources. The currently available culture-based isolation methods are not highly effective for wastewater samples due to the low number of C. jejuni in the midst of competing bacteria. To detect and isolate C. jejuni from wastewater samples, in this study, we evaluated a few different enrichment conditions using five different antibiotics (i.e., cefoperazone, vancomycin, trimethoprim, polymyxin B, and rifampicin), to which C. jejuni is intrinsically resistant. The selectivity of each enrichment condition was measured with Ct value using quantitative real-time PCR, and multiplex PCR to determine Campylobacter species. In addition, the efficacy of Campylobacter isolation on different culture media after selective enrichment was examined by growing on Bolton and Preston agar plates. The addition of polymyxin B, rifampicin, or both to the Bolton selective supplements enhanced the selective isolation of C. jejuni. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing also revealed that Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major competing bacteria in the enrichment conditions. Although it is known to be difficult to isolate Campylobacter from samples with heavy contamination, this study well exhibited that the manipulation of antibiotic selective pressure improves the isolation efficiency of fastidious Campylobacter from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Kim
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Graham S Banting
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABCanada; Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, ABCanada
| | - Shannon Braithwaite
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABCanada; Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, ABCanada
| | - Linda Chui
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, ABCanada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABCanada
| | - Nicholas J Ashbolt
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABCanada; Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, ABCanada
| | - Norman F Neumann
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABCanada; Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, ABCanada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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Comparative performance of isolation methods using Preston broth, Bolton broth and their modifications for the detection of Campylobacter spp. from naturally contaminated fresh and frozen raw poultry meat. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 234:60-64. [PMID: 27391222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The performance of different isolation methods was evaluated for the detection of Campylobacter from naturally contaminated raw poultry meat. Therefore, fresh and frozen poultry meat samples were analysed using the standard procedure (ISO 10272-1:2006), enrichment in Preston broth, and enrichment in modified Bolton broth (supplemented with (i) potassium clavulanate (C-BB), (ii) triclosan (T-BB), (iii) polymyxin B (P-BB)). The enrichment cultures were streaked onto both modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) and RAPID'Campylobacter agar (RCA). Moreover, direct plating on mCCDA and RCA was performed to quantify Campylobacter. In total, 33 out of 59 fresh retail meat samples (55.9%) were Campylobacter positive. For both fresh and frozen poultry meat samples, enrichment in Bolton broth (ISO 10272-1:2006) resulted in a higher number of positive samples than enrichment in Preston broth. Supplementation of Bolton broth with potassium clavulanate (C-BB) and triclosan (T-BB) enhanced the Campylobacter recovery from fresh poultry meat compared to non-supplemented Bolton broth, although the use of C-BB was less applicable than T-BB for Campylobacter recovery from frozen samples. Additionally, the use of RCA resulted in a higher isolation rate compared to mCCDA. The present study demonstrates the impact of culture medium on the recovery of Campylobacter from fresh and frozen naturally contaminated poultry meat samples and can support laboratories in choosing the most appropriate culturing method to detect Campylobacter.
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Chon JW, Kim YJ, Kim HS, Kim DH, Jeong DK, Seo KH. Evaluation of Tazobactam-Supplemented, Modified Charcoal-Cefoperazone-Deoxycholate Agar for Qualitative Detection of Campylobacter from Chicken Carcass Rinse. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:251-4. [PMID: 27043031 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overgrowth of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli on modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) is the most common confounding factor for the isolation of Campylobacter from poultry samples. mCCDA modified by supplementation with tazobactam, an ESBL inhibitor, was evaluated for Campylobacter isolation from chicken carcass rinse with regard to isolation rate and selectivity. In total, 120 whole chicken carcasses purchased from retail stores were rinsed with buffered peptone water enriched with 2× blood-free Bolton broth at 42°C for 48 h and then inoculated onto mCCDA with and without tazobactam supplementation (mCCDA or T-mCCDA) at 42°C for 48 h under microaerobic conditions. Suspect colonies were subcultured and confirmed by colony PCR. Plates with tazobactam exhibited a higher Campylobacter isolation rate (56.7% vs. 30.8%, p < 0.05) and selectivity (0.8 vs. 83.3% plates contaminated with non-Campylobacter, p < 0.05) than mCCDA. Thus, tazobactam-supplemented mCCDA would be a useful option for qualitative detection of Campylobacter in chicken carcass rinse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- 1 Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ji Kim
- 2 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Kim
- 2 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- 2 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwan Jeong
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Kosin University , Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- 2 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chon JW, Kim YJ, Kim HS, Kim DH, Kim H, Song KY, Sung K, Seo KH. Evaluation of cephamycins as supplements to selective agar for detecting Campylobacter spp. in chicken carcass rinses. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 223:75-8. [PMID: 26915052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although cefoperazone is the most commonly used antibiotic in Campylobacter-selective media, the distribution of cefoperazone-resistant bacteria such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is increasing. Here we evaluated the potential of cephamycins for use as supplements to improve modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) by replacing cefoperazone with the same concentrations (32 mg/L) of cefotetan (modified charcoal-cefotetan-deoxycholate agar, mCCtDA) and cefoxitin (modified charcoal-cefoxitin-deoxycholate agar, mCCxDA). In chicken carcass rinse samples, the number of mCCDA plates detecting for Campylobacter (18/70, 26%) was significantly lower than that of mCCtDA (42/70, 60%) or mCCxDA plates (40/70, 57%). The number of mCCDA plates (70/70, 100%) that were contaminated with non-Campylobacter species was significantly higher than that of mCCtDA (20/70, 29%) or mCCxDA plates (21/70, 30%). The most common competing species identified using mCCDA was ESBL-producing E. coli, while Pseudomonas species frequently appeared on mCCtDA and mCCxDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Young-Ji Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidon Sung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Smith S, Meade J, McGill K, Gibbons J, Bolton D, Whyte P. Restoring the selectivity of modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar for the isolation of Campylobacter species using tazobactam, a β-lactamase inhibitor. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 210:131-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Teramura H, Iwasaki M, Ogihara H. Development of a Novel Chromogenic Medium for Improved Campylobacter Detection from Poultry Samples. J Food Prot 2015; 78:1750-5. [PMID: 26319731 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of expanded-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is a common problem in the isolation of Campylobacter from poultry samples using conventional cefoperazone-based selective media. A novel chromogenic medium (CM-HT), based on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA), has been developed as a solution for improved Campylobacter detection from poultry samples. Although the basic components of CM-HT are the same as mCCDA, CM-HT uses both granular charcoal and sodium cefoxitin to enhance viewability and inhibit ESBL-producing bacteria. All tested Campylobacter jejuni (n = 31) and Campylobacter coli (n = 6) strains grew and formed purple-colored colonies on CM-HT. In contrast, the growth of all other tested microorganisms, including ESBL-producing E. coli strains, was suppressed by this medium. Additionally, 84 poultry samples were examined for the presence of Campylobacter using the ISO 10272-1 method (enrichment with Bolton broth) and the NIHSJ-02 method (enrichment with Preston broth) with mCCDA and CM-HT media for the isolation. The numbers of samples from which Camplylobacter was detected on CM-HT using Preston and Bolton broth were 22 and 18, whereas the numbers on mCCDA were 22 and 13, respectively. Only Campylobacter was detected on CM-HT using both enrichment broths; however, there were 5 and 19 samples from which ESBL-producing E. coli was detected on mCCDA using Preston and Bolton broth, respectively. Thus, there was a significant difference between CM-HT and mCCDA in selectivity for ESBL-producing E. coli regardless of which enrichment broth was used. The results obtained demonstrated that CM-HT is a possible solution for the improved isolation of Campylobacter from poultry samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Teramura
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Corporation, 5-1, Ookawa, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8605, Japan; Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon Universitys 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Mihoko Iwasaki
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Corporation, 5-1, Ookawa, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8605, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ogihara
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon Universitys 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Vaz C, Voss-Rech D, Pozza J, Coldebella A, Silva V. Isolation of Campylobacter from Brazilian broiler flocks using different culturing procedures. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2887-92. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Yoo JH, Choi NY, Bae YM, Lee JS, Lee SY. Development of a selective agar plate for the detection of Campylobacter spp. in fresh produce. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 189:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chon JW, Kim HS, Kim DH, Kim H, Choi IS, Oh DH, Seo KH. Modification of Karmali agar by supplementation with potassium clavulanate for the isolation of Campylobacter from chicken carcass rinses. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1207-11. [PMID: 24988031 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The detection ability and selectivity of Karmali agar was improved by supplementation of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor, potassium clavulanate. The optimum concentration of potassium clavulanate (0.5 μg/ml) in Karmali agar was determined by inoculation of 50 Campylobacter and 30 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli strains onto normal and modified Karmali agar containing various concentrations of the agent. Eighty retail carcasses were rinsed with 400 ml of buffered peptone water. The rinse samples were enriched in 2 × blood-free Bolton enrichment broth at 42°C for 48 h and then were streaked onto normal and modified Karmali agar containing 0.5 μg/ml potassium clavulanate. The suspicious colonies were subcultured on Columbia blood agar and confirmed by colony PCR. In chicken carcass samples, the modified Karmali agar showed a significantly greater isolation rate than normal Karmali agar (42.5 versus 21.3%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, the selectivity of the modified Karmali agar was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the normal Karmali agar, as seen by comparison of the number of contaminated agar plates (83.8 versus 97.5%) and the growth index (1.67 versus 2.91) of the non-Campylobacter colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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Chon JW, Kim YJ, Kim HS, Kim DH, Kim H, Song KY, Seo KH. Supplementation of Bolton broth with triclosan improves detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in chicken carcass rinse. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 181:37-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chon JW, Kim HS, Kim H, Oh DH, Seo KH. Evaluation of potassium-clavulanate-supplemented modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar for enumeration of Campylobacter in chicken carcass rinse. J Food Sci 2014; 79:M923-6. [PMID: 24787901 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Potassium-clavulanate-supplemented modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (C-mCCDA) that was described in our previous study was compared with original mCCDA for the enumeration of Campylobacter in pure culture and chicken carcass rinse. The quantitative detection of viable Campylobacter cells from a pure culture, plated on C-mCCDA, is statistically similar (P > 0.05) to mCCDA. In total, 120 chickens were rinsed using 400 mL buffered peptone water. The rinses were inoculated onto C-mCCDA and mCCDA followed by incubation at 42 °C for 48 h. There was no statistical difference between C-mCCDA (45 of 120 plates; mean count, 145.5 CFU/mL) and normal mCCDA (46 of 120 plates; mean count, 160.8 CFU/mL) in the isolation rate and recovery of Campylobacter (P > 0.05) from chicken carcass rinse. The Pearson correlation coefficient value for the number of Campylobacter cells recovered in the 2 media was 0.942. However, the selectivity was much better on C-mCCDA than on mCCDA plates (P < 0.05). Significantly fewer C-mCCDA plates (33 out of 120 plates; mean count, 1.9 CFU/mL) were contaminated with non-Campylobacter cells than the normal mCCDA plates (67 out of 120 plates; mean count, 27.1 CFU/mL). The C-mCCDA may provide improved results for enumeration of Campylobacter in chicken meat alternative to mCCDA with its increased selectivity the modified agar possess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk Univ, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
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Improvement of modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar by addition of potassium clavulanate for detecting Campylobacter spp. in chicken carcass rinse. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 165:7-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Development of a selective enrichment broth supplemented with bacteriological charcoal and a high concentration of polymyxin B for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in chicken carcass rinses. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 162:308-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chon JW, Kim H, Yim JH, Song KY, Moon JS, Kim YJ, Seo KH. Improvement of Karmali Agar by Addition of Polymyxin B for the Detection ofCampylobacter jejuniandC. coliin Whole-Chicken Carcass Rinse. J Food Sci 2013; 78:M752-5. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jin-Hyeok Yim
- Livestock Product Standard and Veterinary Epidemiology Div.; Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Gyeonggi-do 430-757; The Republic of Korea
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