1
|
Nageeb Hasan SM, Clarke CL, McManamon Strand TP, Bambico FR. Putative pathological mechanisms of late-life depression and Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Res 2023:148423. [PMID: 37244602 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive impairment in cognition and memory. AD is accompanied by several neuropsychiatric symptoms, with depression being the most prominent. Although depression has long been known to be associated with AD, controversial findings from preclinical and clinical studies have obscured the precise nature of this association. However recent evidence suggests that depression could be a prodrome or harbinger of AD. Evidence indicates that the major central serotonergic nucleus-the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)-shows very early AD pathology: neurofibrillary tangles made of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and degenerated neurites. AD and depression share common pathophysiologies, including functional deficits of the serotonin (5-HT) system. 5-HT receptors have modulatory effects on the progression of AD pathology i.e., reduction in Aβ load, increased hyper-phosphorylation of tau, decreased oxidative stress etc. Moreover, preclinical models show a role for specific channelopathies that result in abnormal regional activational and neuroplasticity patterns. One of these concerns the pathological upregulation of the small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel in corticolimbic structure. This has also been observed in the DRN in both diseases. The SKC is a key regulator of cell excitability and long-term potentiation (LTP). SKC over-expression is positively correlated with aging and cognitive decline, and is evident in AD. Pharmacological blockade of SKCs has been reported to reverse symptoms of depression and AD. Thus, aberrant SKC functioning could be related to depression pathophysiology and diverts its late-life progression towards the development of AD. We summarize findings from preclinical and clinical studies suggesting a molecular linkage between depression and AD pathology. We also provide a rationale for considering SKCs as a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of AD-associated symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Nageeb Hasan
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada.
| | - Courtney Leigh Clarke
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada
| | | | - Francis Rodriguez Bambico
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada; Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu S, Ren X, Zhu C, Wang W, Zhang K, Li Z, Liu X, Wang Y. A c-Fos activation map in nitroglycerin/levcromakalim-induced models of migraine. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:128. [PMID: 36180824 PMCID: PMC9524028 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic migraine is a common and highly disabling disorder. Functional MRI has indicated that abnormal brain region activation is linked with chronic migraine. Drugs targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor have been reported to be efficient for treating chronic migraine. The CGRP signaling was also shared in two types of chronic migraine models (CMMs). However, it remains unclear whether the activation of specific brain regions could contribute to persistent behavioral sensitization, and CGRP receptor antagonists relieve migraine-like pain in CMMs by altering specific brain region activation. Therefore, it’s of great interest to investigate brain activation pattern and the effect of olcegepant (a CGRP receptor-specific antagonist) treatment on alleviating hyperalgesia by altering brain activation in two CMMs, and provide a reference for future research on neural circuits. Methods Repeated administration of nitroglycerin (NTG) or levcromakalim (LEV) was conducted to stimulate human migraine-like pain and establish two types of CMMs in mice. Mechanical hypersensitivity was evaluated by using the von Frey filament test. Then, we evaluated the activation of different brain regions with c-Fos and NeuN staining. Olcegepant was administered to explore its effect on mechanical hyperalgesia and brain region activation. Results In two CMMs, acute and basal mechanical hyperalgesia was observed, and olcegepant alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia. In the NTG-induced CMM, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5c) showed a significant increase of c-Fos expression in the NTG group (p < 0.05), while pre-treatment with olcegepant reduced c-Fos expression compared with NTG group (p < 0.05). No significant difference of c-Fos expression was found in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) between the vehicle control and NTG group (p > 0.05). In the LEV-induced CMM, mPFC, PVT, and Sp5c showed a significant increase of c-Fos expression between vehicle control and LEV group, and olcegepant reduced c-Fos expression (p < 0.05). No significant difference in c-Fos expression was found in vlPAG and ACC (p > 0.05). Conclusions Our study demonstrated the activation of mPFC and Sp5c in two CMMs. Olcegepant may alleviate hyperalgesia of the hind paw and periorbital area by attenuating brain activation in CMMs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-022-01496-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouyi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiying Gate, No. 82Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Chenlu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiying Gate, No. 82Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, FengtaiDistrict, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Kaibo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiying Gate, No. 82Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhilei Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiying Gate, No. 82Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiying Gate, No. 82Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiying Gate, No. 82Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, FengtaiDistrict, Beijing, 100070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al-Karagholi MAM, Ghanizada H, Nielsen CAW, Hougaard A, Ashina M. Opening of ATP sensitive potassium channels causes migraine attacks with aura. Brain 2021; 144:2322-2332. [PMID: 33768245 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine afflicts more than one billion individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of years lived with disability. In about a third of individuals with migraine aura occur in relation to migraine headache. The common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying migraine headache and migraine aura are yet to be identified. Based on recent data, we hypothesized that levcromakalim, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, would trigger migraine attacks with aura in migraine with aura patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Mahdi Al-Karagholi
- Danish Headache Center, Dept. of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hashmat Ghanizada
- Danish Headache Center, Dept. of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cherie Amalie Waldorff Nielsen
- Danish Headache Center, Dept. of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Hougaard
- Danish Headache Center, Dept. of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center, Dept. of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Headache Knowledge Center, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 5, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Learned Immobility Produces Enduring Impairment of the HPA Axis Reactivity in Mice without Replicating the Broad Spectrum of Depressive-Like Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020937. [PMID: 33477830 PMCID: PMC7832836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The forced swim stress test (FST) is widely used for screening pharmacological or non-pharmacological strategies with potential antidepressant activities. Recent data have suggested that repeated FST for five consecutive days (i.e., 5d-RFSS) could be used to generate a robust depressive-like phenotype in mice. However, the face, construct, and predictive validities of 5d-RFSS have been recently challenged. This study took advantage of recent findings showing that mice vulnerability to anxiety is enhanced when animals are stressed during the dark phase, to provide new insight into the relevance of this model. Our results showed a progressive increase in time of immobility in 5d-RFSS mice relative to control non-stressed animals (sham). Three weeks later, we noticed that 5d-RFSS mice injected with the vehicle compound (Veh) still exhibited a high level of immobility in the FST whereas this behavior was reversed by the antidepressant drug amitriptyline (AMI). However, 5d-RFSS/Veh and 5d-RFSS mice/AMI mice showed normal performances in the open field, the novelty suppressed feeding and the tail suspension tests. Despite this lack of generalized behavioral deficits, an impairment of different parameters characterizing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity was evidenced in 5d-RFSS mice/Veh but not in 5d-RFSS mice/AMI. Despite anomalies in the HPA axis, the activity of the central serotonergic system remained unaffected in 5d-RFSS mice relative to controls. From our results, it is suggested that learned immobility does not replicate the broad spectrum of depressive symptoms observed in other chronic models of depression such as the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model, the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model or chronic corticosterone (CORT) exposure but its influence on the HPA axis is remarkable. Further experiments are warranted to makes this model suitable for modelling depression and therefore refine its translational applicability.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cox MM, Wendler CC, Erdelyi I, Beck A, Zeiss C, Rivkees SA. CHRONIC NEONATAL DIAZOXIDE THERAPY IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE EFFECTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 14:49-56. [PMID: 25587244 DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2014.49.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diazoxide is an ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) agonist that has been shown to neuroprotective effects. These observations raise the possibility that diazoxide may have potential as a therapeutic agent for other applications. This study investigated (1) the long term effects of chronic neonatal administration of diazoxide and (2) the role of KATP on murin behavior and neurohistology. C57B/6J pups were injected daily with diazoxide (10, 20 or 50 mg kg-1) or vehicle from Postnatal days 2 (P2) through P12. Pups were allow to mature and underwent behavioral testing at 5-7 months of age. After behavioral testing, animals were euthanized and morphology of the brains was assessed. No long term adverse effects of neonatal diazoxide therapy on physical characteristics, visual acuity, sensori-motor reflexes, spontaneous locomotor activity, motor coordination/balance or motor learning and memory were observed. In addition, no morphological changes were observed on brains. However, we did observe that diazoxide therapy causes depressive-like phenotypes in female murine mice. Chronic neonatal diazoxide therapy does not cause deficits or enhancements in mice behavior. Diazoxide does not cause abnormal morphological changes in brain anatomy. However, diazoxide does cause gender specific depressive-like phenotype in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville USA
| | - Christopher C Wendler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville USA
| | - Ildiko Erdelyi
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Ophthalmology, Yale University, New Haven
| | - Amanda Beck
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Ophthalmology, Yale University, New Haven
| | - Caroline Zeiss
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Ophthalmology, Yale University, New Haven
| | - Scott A Rivkees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahesh R, Kumar B, Jindal A, Bhatt S, Devadoss T, Pandey DK. Antidepressant-like activity of (4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl) (quinoxalin-2-yl) methanone (4a), a novel 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist: an investigation in behaviour-based rodent models of depression. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 44:560-5. [PMID: 23112413 PMCID: PMC3480784 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the antidepressant potential of (4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl) (quinoxalin-3-yl) methanone (4a), a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, with an optimal log P (2.84) and pA2 value (7.3) greater than ondansetron (6.9) using rodent behavioural models of depression. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice were used in actophotometer test, forced swim test (FST) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) induced head twitch response. Reserpine induced hypothermia (RIH) and olfactory bulbectomy were performed in male Wistar rats. Statistical analysis was carried out by using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. Results: Acute treatment of 4a (1-4 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice produced antidepressant-like effects in FST without affecting the baseline locomotion in actophotometer test. Further, 4a (2-4 mg/kg, i.p.) potentiated the 5-HTP induced head twitches response in mice and also antagonized RIH in rats. Furthermore, sub-chronic (14 days) treatment with 4a (2-4 mg/ kg, p.o.) significantly attenuated the behavioural anomalies induced by bilateral olfactory bulbectomy in rats in modified open field exploration. Conclusions: These preliminary investigations confirm that 4a exhibits antidepressant-like activity in behaviour based rodent models of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Mahesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Novel antidepressant-like activity of propolis extract mediated by enhanced glucocorticoid receptor function in the hippocampus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:217853. [PMID: 23853655 PMCID: PMC3703885 DOI: 10.1155/2013/217853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product made by honeybees that has been widely used in folk medicine with a broad spectrum of biological activities. To investigate the antidepressant-like activity of propolis extract, CD-1 mice were administered an ethanol extract of propolis (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) prior to the behavioral test. The propolis extract-treated group showed a dose-dependent decrease in immobility time in the FST and tail suspension test without altering locomotor activity. Propolis extract decreased the limbic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to the FST as indicated by an attenuated corticosterone response and decreased in c-fos immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Western blot analysis revealed a reduction in hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression following the FST, which was reversed by propolis extract. Propolis extract also increased pGR(S220)/(S234) ratio by a differential phosphorylation in S220 and S234. FST-induced downregulation of cAMP-responsive element binding protein phosphorylation at S133 (pCREB) was restored by propolis extract, showing a strong and positive relationship between pCREB and pGR(S220)/(S234) ratio. These findings suggest that the propolis extract potentiates antidepressant-like activity by enhancing GR function which is one of the therapeutic mechanisms of antidepressant; thus, propolis extract may provide a novel therapy for depression.
Collapse
|
8
|
Moretti M, Budni J, Ribeiro CM, Rodrigues ALS. Involvement of different types of potassium channels in the antidepressant-like effect of ascorbic acid in the mouse tail suspension test. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 687:21-7. [PMID: 22575518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Considering that the administration of ascorbic acid elicits an antidepressant-effect in mice by a mechanism which involves an interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and the l-arginine-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway and taking into account that the stimulation of this pathway is associated with the activation of potassium (K⁺) channels, this study investigated the involvement of different types of K⁺ channels on the effect of ascorbic acid in the mouse tail suspension test (TST). Intracerebroventricular administration of tetraethylammonium (TEA, a non-specific blocker of K⁺ channels, 25 pg/site), glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel blocker, 0.5 pg/site), charybdotoxin (a large- and intermediate conductance calcium-activated K⁺ channel blocker, 25 pg/site) or apamin (a small-conductance calcium-activated K⁺ channel blocker, 10 pg/site) was able to produce a synergistic effect with a sub-effective dose of ascorbic acid (0.1 mg/kg) given orally (p.o.). The antidepressant-like effect of ascorbic acid (1 mg/kg, p.o.) in the TST was prevented by the pre-treatment of mice with cromakalim (a K⁺ channel opener, 10 μg/site, i.c.v.) and minoxidil (10 μg/site, i.c.v.). Moreover, cromakalim abolished the synergistic effect elicited by the combined treatment with sub-effective doses of ascorbic acid and 7-nitroindazole. The administration of the K⁺ channel modulators alone or in combination with ascorbic acid did not affect the locomotion of mice. Together, our results show that the antidepressant-like effect of ascorbic acid in the TST may involve, at least in part, the modulation of neuronal excitability, via inhibition of K⁺ channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Moretti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900 SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Budni J, E. Freitas A, W. Binfaré R, S. Rodrigues AL. Role of potassium channels in the antidepressant-like effect of folic acid in the forced swimming test in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 101:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Rajkumar R, Mahesh R. Assessing the neuronal serotonergic target-based antidepressant stratagem: impact of in vivo interaction studies and knockout models. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 6:215-34. [PMID: 19506722 PMCID: PMC2687932 DOI: 10.2174/157015908785777256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression remains a challenge in the field of affective neuroscience, despite a steady research progress. Six out of nine basic antidepressant mechanisms rely on serotonin neurotransmitter system. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the significance of serotonin receptors (5-HT1-3,6,7), its signal transduction pathways and classical down stream targets (including neurotrophins, neurokinins, other peptides and their receptors) in antidepressant drug action. Serotonergic control of depression embraces the recent molecular requirements such as influence on proliferation, neurogenesis, plasticity, synaptic (re)modeling and transmission in the central nervous system. The present progress report analyses the credibility of each protein as therapeutically relevant target of depression. In vivo interaction studies and knockout models which identified these targets are foreseen to unearth new ligands and help them transform to drug candidates. The importance of the antidepressant assay selection at the preclinical level using salient animal models/assay systems is discussed. Such test batteries would definitely provide antidepressants with faster onset, efficacy in resistant (and co-morbid) types and with least adverse effects. Apart from the selective ligands, only those molecules which bring an overall harmony, by virtue of their affinities to various receptor subtypes, could qualify as effective antidepressants. Synchronised modulation of various serotonergic sub-pathways is the basis for a unique and balanced antidepressant profile, as that of fluoxetine (most exploited antidepressant) and such a profile may be considered as a template for the upcoming antidepressants. In conclusion, 5-HT based multi-targeted antidepressant drug discovery supported by in vivo interaction studies and knockout models is advocated as a strategy to provide classic molecules for clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Rajkumar
- Pharmacy Group, FD-III, Vidya Vihar, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan-333031, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rajkumar R, Mahesh R. The auspicious role of the 5-HT3 receptor in depression: a probable neuronal target? J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24:455-69. [PMID: 20123937 DOI: 10.1177/0269881109348161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The serotonergic mechanisms have been successfully utilized by the majority of antidepressant drug discovery programmes, while the search for newer targets remains persistent. The present review focused on the serotonin type-3 receptor, the only ion channel subtype in the serotonin family. Behavioural, neurochemical, electrophysiological and molecular analyses, including the results from our laboratory, provided substantial evidence that rationalizes the correlation between serotonin type-3 receptor modulation and rodent depressive-like behaviour. Nevertheless, the reports on polymorphism of serotonin type-3 receptor genes and data from clinical studies (on serotonin type-3 receptor antagonists) were insufficient to corroborate the involvement of this receptor in the neurobiology of depression. The preclinical and clinical studies that have contradicted the antidepressant-like effects of serotonin type-3 receptor antagonists and the reasons underlying such disagreement were discussed. Finally, this critical review commended the serotonin type-3 receptor as a candidate neuronal antidepressant drug target.
Collapse
|
12
|
Involvement of potassium channels in the antidepressant-like effect of venlafaxine in mice. Life Sci 2010; 86:372-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Hascoët M, Bourin M. The Forced Swimming Test in Mice: A Suitable Model to Study Antidepressants. MOOD AND ANXIETY RELATED PHENOTYPES IN MICE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-303-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
14
|
Ergün Y, Orhan FÖ, Karaaslan MF. Combination therapy of imipramine and melatonin: Additive antidepressant effect in mouse forced swimming test. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 591:159-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Antidepressant-like effect of lamotrigine is reversed by veratrine: a possible role of sodium channels in bipolar depression. Behav Brain Res 2008; 191:49-54. [PMID: 18433891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lamotrigine has been found to be efficacious in the acute management of bipolar depression and long-term management of bipolar disorder, especially in delaying depressive recurrence, either as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy. Lamotrigine is also an antiepileptic drug, and is efficient in the treatment of focal epilepsies. It is thought to act by inhibition of glutamate release through blockade of voltage-sensitivity sodium channels and stabilization of the neuronal membrane. OBJECTIVES The scope of this study was to determinate if sodium channels are important for lamotrigine and other antidepressant to exert their antidepressant-like function. METHODS This study assessed the effects of veratrine, a Na(+) channel opener on antidepressant effect of lamotrigine and others antidepressants: two tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): imipramine, a mixed serotonergic noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor, desipramine, a specific noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor and a SSRI: paroxetine, the most potent selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitor, using an animal model of depression, the forced swimming test. Veratrine (0.125 mg/kg) and lamotrigine (16, 32 mg/kg) or antidepressants (16, 32 mg/kg) were given i.p. 45 and 30 min, respectively, before the test. RESULTS We observed that when combined with veratrine the antidepressant-like effect of lamotrigine was reversed, but the antidepressant-like effect of the imipramine, desipramine and paroxetine was not changed, indicating that the mechanism of action of lamotrigine is different from that of antidepressants.
Collapse
|
16
|
Antidepressant-like effects of serotonin type-3 antagonist, ondansetron: an investigation in behaviour-based rodent models. Behav Pharmacol 2008; 19:29-40. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e3282f3cfd4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Budni J, Gadotti VM, Kaster MP, Santos ARS, Rodrigues ALS. Role of different types of potassium channels in the antidepressant-like effect of agmatine in the mouse forced swimming test. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 575:87-93. [PMID: 17761162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The administration of agmatine elicits an antidepressant-like effect in the mouse forced swimming test by a mechanism dependent on the inhibition of the NMDA receptors and the L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Since it has been reported that the NO can activate different types of potassium (K(+)) channels in several tissues, the present study investigates the possibility of synergistic interactions between different types of K(+) channel inhibitors and agmatine in the forced swimming test. Treatment of mice by i.c.v. route with subeffective doses of tetraethylammonium (a non specific inhibitor of K(+) channels, 25 pg/site), glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K(+) channels inhibitor, 0.5 pg/site), charybdotoxin (a large- and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K(+) channel inhibitor, 25 pg/site) or apamin (a small-conductance calcium-activated K(+) channel inhibitor, 10 pg/site), augmented the effect of agmatine (0.001 mg/kg, i.p.) in the forced swimming test. Furthermore, the administration of agmatine and the K(+) channel inhibitors, alone or in combination, did not affect locomotion in the open-field test. Moreover, the reduction in the immobility time elicited by an active dose of agmatine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in the forced swimming test was prevented by the pre-treatment of mice with the K(+) channel openers cromakalim (10 microg/site, i.c.v.) and minoxidil (10 microg/site, i.c.v.), without affecting locomotion. Together these data raise the possibility that the antidepressant-like effect of agmatine in the forced swimming test is related to its modulatory effects on neuronal excitability, via inhibition of K(+) channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Budni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kaster MP, Budni J, Binfaré RW, Santos ARS, Rodrigues ALS. The inhibition of different types of potassium channels underlies the antidepressant-like effect of adenosine in the mouse forced swimming test. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007; 31:690-6. [PMID: 17296254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It was previously shown that the acute administration of adenosine elicits an antidepressant-like effect in the mouse forced swimming test (FST) by a mechanism dependent on the inhibition of the L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO)-guanylate cyclase pathway. Taken into account that the stimulation of this pathway is associated with the activation of K(+) channels, this study investigated the involvement of different types of K(+) channels in the effect of adenosine in the FST. Intracerebroventricular treatment of mice with tetraethylammonium (TEA, a non-specific inhibitor of K(+) channels, 25 pg/site), glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K(+) channel inhibitor, 0.5 pg/site), charybdotoxin (a large- and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K(+) channel inhibitor, 25 pg/site) or apamin (a small-conductance calcium-activated K(+) channel inhibitor, 10 pg/site) was able to potentiate the action of subeffective doses of adenosine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and fluoxetine (a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). Furthermore, the administration of adenosine or fluoxetine and the K(+) channel inhibitors, alone or in combination, did not affect the ambulatory behavior. Moreover, the reduction in the immobility time elicited by active doses of adenosine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or fluoxetine (32 mg/kg, i.p.) in the FST was prevented by the pretreatment of mice with cromakalim (a K(+) channel opener, 10 microg/site, i.c.v.), without affecting the locomotion in an open-field. Together these results indicate that the modulatory effects of adenosine and fluoxetine on neuronal excitability, via inhibition of K(+) channels, may represent the final pathway of their antidepressant-like effects in the FST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuella P Kaster
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade-88040-900, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ergün Y, Ergün UGO. Prevention of pro-depressant effect of l-arginine in the forced swim test by NG-nitro-l-arginine and [1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one]. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 554:150-4. [PMID: 17125765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that l-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide, has a dual effect (antidepressant and pro-depressant) in the forced swim test. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether nitric oxide-cGMP pathway was involved in this dual effect. Porsolt swim test was conducted to resemble the symptomatology of major depressive disorder. An open field locomotor activity test was also used. L-arginine exerted a U-shape effect in the forced swim test: doses of 30, 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg caused no alteration, statistically significant reduction, no alteration, and non-significant enhancement, respectively. Neither N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (NNA) nor [1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one] (ODQ) at doses of 3 mg/kg was found to be effective in the forced swim test, whereas 10 mg/kg ODQ significantly reduced the immobility time. In the presence of NNA, the antidepressant and pro-depressant effects of L-arginine disappeared, however, only the pro-depressant component of l-arginine effect was prevented by ODQ (3 and 10 mg/kg). Saline, the solvent of L-arginine and NNA, and dimethyl sulfoxide (15% in saline), the solvent of ODQ, had no effect on the duration of immobility. None of the drugs or solvents used in the present study had any effect on locomotor activity over the dose range applied. The results show that L-arginine exerts its paradoxical effects by producing nitric oxide and that cGMP seems to have a role only in the pro-depressant component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ergün
- Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kahramanmaraş, 46100, Turkey.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mantovani M, Bubl B, Feuerstein TJ. 5-HT uptake blockade prevents the increasing effect of KATP channel blockers on electrically evoked [3H]-5-HT release in rat and mouse neocortical slices. Neurochem Int 2006; 48:218-25. [PMID: 16290322 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To explore if prolonged--as opposed to acute--5-HT uptake blockade can lead to changes in the function of ATP-dependent potassium (K(ATP)) channels, we investigated in rat and mouse neocortical slices the effects of K(ATP) channel blockers on electrically evoked [3H]-serotonin ([3H]-5-HT) release after short- and long-term exposure to 5-HT uptake blockers. Glibenclamide (1 microM), a K(ATP) channel blocker, enhanced the electrically evoked [3H]-5-HT release by 66 and by 77%, respectively, in rat and in mouse neocortex slices. This effect was confirmed in the rat by tolbutamide (1 microM), another K(ATP) channel antagonist. After short-term blockade (45 min) of 5-HT uptake, glibenclamide still increased the release of [3H]-5-HT in the rat. Glibenclamide, however, failed to enhance [3H]-5-HT release after long-term uptake blockade (210 min). In the mouse, however, both short- and long-term inhibition of 5-HT reuptake by citalopram (1 microM) prevented the facilitatory effect of glibenclamide. The Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor ouabain (3.2 microM) abolished the glibenclamide-induced increase in [3H]-5-HT release in both rat and mouse, suggesting that an operative Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase is a prerequisite for activation of K(ATP) channels. The terminal 5-HT(1B) autoreceptor-mediated feedback control was involved in the glibenclamide-induced increase in [(3)H]-5-HT release only in mouse neocortical tissue, as evident from the use of the 5-HT(1B) autoreceptor ligands metitepin (1 microM) and cyanopindolol (1 microM). These results suggest that in the rat long-term uptake blockade leads to an impaired activity of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, which increases intracellular ATP and consequently closes K(ATP) channels. In the mouse, however, short-term uptake blockade seems to already reduce the activity of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and thereby the consumption of ATP. Blockade of 5-HT transporters thus may close K(ATP) channels through increased intracellular ATP. The following slight depolarisation seems to facilitate 5-HT release. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the clinical time latency of antidepressant efficacy of monoamine uptake blockers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Mantovani
- Section Clinical Neuropharmacology, Neurozentrum, Breisacherstrasse 64, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Clark AG, Booth SE, Morrow JA. Therapeutic potential of potassium channel modulators for CNS disorders. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.13.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
22
|
Petit-Demouliere B, Chenu F, Bourin M. Forced swimming test in mice: a review of antidepressant activity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005; 177:245-55. [PMID: 15609067 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-004-2048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Among all animal models, the forced swimming test (FST) remains one of the most used tools for screening antidepressants. OBJECTIVE This paper reviews some of the main aspects of the FST in mice. Most of the sensitivity and variability factors that were assessed on the FST are summarized. MECHANISMS We have summarized data found in the literature of antidepressant effects on the FST in mice. From this data set, we have extrapolated information on baseline levels of strain, and sensitivity against antidepressants. RESULTS We have shown that many parameters have to be considered in this test to gain good reliability. Moreover, there was a fundamental inter-strain difference of response in the FST. CONCLUSIONS The FST is a good screening tool with good reliability and predictive validity. Strain is one of the most important parameters to consider. Swiss and NMRI mice can be used to discriminate the mechanisms of action of drugs. CD-1 seems to be the most useful strain for screening purposes, but this needs to be confirmed with some spontaneous locomotor activity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Petit-Demouliere
- EA 3256 Neurobiologie de l'anxiété et de la dépression, Faculté de Médecine, BP 53508, 1 rue Gaston Veil, F44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Inan SY, Yalcin I, Aksu F. Dual effects of nitric oxide in the mouse forced swimming test: possible contribution of nitric oxide-mediated serotonin release and potassium channel modulation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004; 77:457-64. [PMID: 15006455 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2003.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2003] [Revised: 08/24/2003] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have indicated that nitric oxide (NO) may change the duration of immobility biphasically in the forced swimming test, which is a useful experimental model for screening antidepressant-like activity in rodents. In the present study, we have investigated the role of serotonin and of potassium (K(+)) channels in the dual effects of NO in the mouse forced swimming test (MFST). For this purpose, we tested the effects of l-arginine, an NO precursor, the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), and of K(+)-channel blockers tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP). In addition, we used sertraline as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and cyproheptadine as a serotonin antagonist. l-Arginine increased the duration of immobility in the MFST in low doses (25 mg/kg ip) but decreased it in higher doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg ip). Low doses of l-NAME (50 and 75 microg icv) decreased while higher dose of this drug (150 microg icv) increased the immobility time. TEA (5 microg icv) and 3,4-DAP (0.05 microg icv) significantly reduced the time, whereas K(+) channel opener pinacidil increased the duration of immobility. l-Arginine (100 mg/kg ip) significantly antagonised the effects of l-NAME (50 microg), 3,4-DAP and TEA. Higher dose of l-arginine (500 mg/kg ip) significantly potentiated the effects of 3,4-DAP and TEA, but reduced the effect of pinacidil. Low doses of l-arginine antagonized, but higher doses of l-arginine potentiated the antidepressant-like effect of sertraline. Sertraline potentiated the effects of 3,4-DAP and TEA, but reversed the effect of pinacidil. Cyproheptadine reduced the anti-immobility effect of l-arginine and 3,4-DAP. At the highest effective doses, drugs did not impair the motor functions. These data support the hypothesis that NO effects may involve the release of serotonin and/or modulation of K(+) channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salim Yalcin Inan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, TR-01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Eckhardt K, Roth P, Günter T, Schmidt S, Feuerstein TJ. Differential effects of K(ATP) channel blockers on [(3)H]-noradrenaline overflow after short- and long-term exposure to (+)-oxaprotiline or desipramine. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2003; 367:168-75. [PMID: 12595958 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-002-0664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2002] [Accepted: 11/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To test whether prolonged uptake blockade can lead to changes in the function of ATP-dependent potassium (K(ATP)) channels we investigated in rat neocortex slices the effects of K(ATP) channel blockers on electrically evoked [(3)H]-noradrenaline ([(3)H]-NA) overflow after short- (45 min) and long-term (210 min) exposure to the NA uptake blockers (+)-oxaprotiline or desipramine (1 microM each). The K(ATP) channel blocker glibenclamide (1 micro M) increased the evoked [(3)H]-NA overflow by 42% after short-term uptake inhibition. This effect was confirmed by tolbutamide and glipizide, two other K(ATP) channel antagonists. The evoked [(3)H]-NA overflow was enhanced by 73% following short-term uptake blockade (15 min) and by 110% following long-term blockade (180 min). After long-term blockade (210 min), however, glibenclamide failed to further enhance the overflow of [(3)H]-NA. The alpha(2)-autoreceptor-mediated feedback control was not involved in the glibenclamide-induced increase in [(3)H]-NA overflow after short-term uptake blockade or in the increase in [(3)H]-NA overflow due to long-term uptake blockade per se. The Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor ouabain diminished the glibenclamide-induced enhancement of [(3)H]-NA overflow after short-term uptake blockade, suggesting that an operative Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase is the prerequisite of activation of K(ATP) channels. These results suggest that short-term uptake blockade activates the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, thereby reducing intracellular ATP which allows transient opening of K(ATP) channels. Activation of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase may increase the Na(+) gradient, probably over the membrane of noradrenergic nerve terminals. The resulting hyperpolarisation leads to inhibition of the evoked overflow which can be reversed, i.e. enhanced, by K(ATP) channel blockers. In contrast, longer lasting uptake blockade seems to reduce the activity of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and hence the consumption of ATP. As a consequence, reduced Na(+) and K(+) gradients may facilitate transmitter release. Closure of K(ATP) channels by accumulating ATP may further promote membrane depolarisation and transmitter release. The unexpected effect of longer exposure to uptake blockers could be somehow related to the clinical time latency of the antidepressant efficacy of monoamine uptake blockers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Eckhardt
- Sektion Klinische Neuropharmakologie, Neurologische Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Breisacherstrasse 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gittos MW, Papp M. Antidepressant-like action of AGN 2979, a tryptophan hydroxylase activation inhibitor, in a chronic mild stress model of depression in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2001; 11:351-7. [PMID: 11597821 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-977x(01)00103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure was used to study an antidepressant-like activity of AGN 2979, a selective inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase (TH) activation. At the dose of 4 mg/kg, AGN 2979 fully reversed the CMS-induced reduction in the consumption of 1% sucrose solution. This effect was maintained for at least 1 week after cessation of treatment and no signs of withdrawal were observed in either stressed or control animals receiving AGN 2979. The lower (1 mg/kg) and higher (16 mg/kg) doses were ineffective. The magnitude of action of AGN 2979 in the CMS model was comparable to that of imipramine (10 mg/kg) but its onset of action appears to be faster since the inhibition of sucrose intake in stressed animals was already reversed after the 1st week of AGN 2979 administration while imipramine required 3 weeks of treatment to cause similar effect. These results provide support for the hypothesis that inhibition of TH activation may result in a potent antidepressant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Gittos
- Anda Biologicals, 37 rue de la Course, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li R, El-Mallahk RS. A novel evidence of different mechanisms of lithium and valproate neuroprotective action on human SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: caspase-3 dependency. Neurosci Lett 2000; 294:147-50. [PMID: 11072136 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both lithium and valproate have been used in the treatment of manic-depressive illness with very limited understanding of their therapeutic mechanism of action. Recent literature suggests that blocking of potassium channels may be a common therapeutic mechanism of many antidepressant agents. To determine whether the commonly used antimanic agents could prevent potassium efflux-induced cell damage and apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms, we treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with the potassium ionophore, valinomycin (2-100 microM) and observed cell shrinkage, mitochondria damage, a significant increase in of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and caspase-3 protein expression. Cells treated with lithium (0.5-3 mM) or valproate (0.07-1.4 mM) alone produced no apoptotic morphological and biochemical changes while both mood stabilizers pretreatment reduced or prevented the apoptotic morphological changes. However, valinomycin-induced caspase-3 elevation was only prevented by lithium pretreatment while both lithium and valproate attenuated valinomycin-induced LDH release. Our results suggest that lithium and valproate share a common neuroprotective action against potassium efflux-induced cell apoptosis with different mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Li
- Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 West Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Redrobe JP, Bourin M. The effect of lithium administration in animal models of depression: a short review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1999; 13:293-9. [PMID: 10392305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1999.tb00348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this short review was to collate the data involving the effects of lithium alone, or in combination, with antidepressant drugs in several animal models of depression. It has been shown that lithium administration reduced immobility in the mouse forced swimming test when given 30 min, but not 45 min, before testing. Further studies indicated that this activity was probably a result of an activity on serotonin (5-HT) 1A and 1B receptor subtypes. Lithium treatment has been shown to reverse helpless behaviour in the learned helplessness model of depression after chronic treatment (30 days), where lithium was administered in the drinking water. Further studies showed that acute (5 days) administration of lithium failed to reverse behavioural deficits. In the olfactory bulbectomised rat model of depression, several immunological and enzymatic functions have been shown to be altered and these changes are regularised by antidepressant treatment as well as lithium administration for 15 days. Hypokinesia (reduced locomotor activity) is a phenomenon observed following immobilisation stress in rats. This behavioural deficit was attenuated by lithium together with a wide range of antidepressant drugs used in the treatment of unipolar depression at non-stimulant doses. In addition, a single administration of lithium slightly inhibited midbrain raphe lesion-induced muricidal behaviour (25%); however, repeated treatment (5 days) significantly attenuated this behavioural deficit. Lithium treatment has also been shown to reverse behavioural and biochemical deficits induced by reserpine together with those induced by acute administration of single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) dose of the Na, K-ATPase-inhibiting compound, ouabain. Long-term studies of lithium augmentation have not been performed, so that no clear recommendations for the duration of this therapy can be made. The points raised in this short review endorse the commencement of such studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Redrobe
- GIS Médicament, Faculté de médicine, Nantes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Galeotti N, Ghelardini C, Caldari B, Bartolini A. Effect of potassium channel modulators in mouse forced swimming test. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 126:1653-9. [PMID: 10323599 PMCID: PMC1565937 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of different potassium channel blockers (tetraethylammonium, apamin, charybdotoxin, gliquidone), potassium channel openers (pinacidil, minoxidil, cromakalim) and aODN to mKv1.1 on immobility time was evaluated in the mouse forced swimming test, an animal model of depression. 2. Tetraethylammonium (TEA; 5 microg per mouse i.c.v.), apamin (3 ng per mouse i.c.v.), charybdotoxin (1 microg per mouse i.c.v.) and gliquidone (6 microg per mouse i.c.v.) administered 20 min before the test produced anti-immobility comparable to that induced by the tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline (15 mg kg(-1) s.c.) and imipramine (30 mg kg(-1) s.c.). 3. By contrast pinacidil (10-20 microg per mouse i.c.v.), minoxidil (10-20 microg per mouse i.c.v.) and cromakalim (20-30 microg per mouse i.c.v.) increased immobility time when administered in the same experimental conditions. 4. Repeated administration of an antisense oligonucleotide (aODN) to the mKv1.1 gene (1 and 3 nmol per single i.c.v. injection) produced a dose-dependent increase in immobility time of mice 72 h after the last injection. At day 7, the increasing effect produced by aODN disappeared. A degenerate mKv1.1 oligonucleotide (dODN), used as control, did not produce any effect in comparison with saline- and vector-treated mice. 5. At the highest effective dose, potassium channels modulators and the mKv1.1 aODN did not impair motor coordination, as revealed by the rota rod test, nor did they modify spontaneous motility as revealed by the Animex apparatus. 6. These results suggest that modulation of potassium channels plays an important role in the regulation of immobility time in the mouse forced swimming test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale G.B. Morgagni 65, I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale G.B. Morgagni 65, I-50134 Florence, Italy
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Bernardetta Caldari
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale G.B. Morgagni 65, I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartolini
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale G.B. Morgagni 65, I-50134 Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Redrobe JP, Bourin M. Effects of pretreatment with clonidine, lithium and quinine on the activities of antidepressant drugs in the mouse tail suspension test. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1997; 11:381-6. [PMID: 9342590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1997.tb00199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the investigation of pretreatment effects with clonidine (0.06 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]), lithium (1 mEq, i.p.) or quinine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) on the activities of various drugs acting on noradrenergic and/or serotonergic systems in the mouse tail suspension test. Drugs used in the present study included: the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine and dothiepin, the heterocyclic antidepressant trazodone, the 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine, the atypical antidepressants mianserin and iprindole, the 5-HT1A receptor agonist ipsapirone, the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist ritanserin, and the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron. Clonidine, lithium and quinine differentially enhanced the effects of several psychotropic/drugs administered at sub-active doses. The activity of iprindole (32 mg/kg, i.p.) was not potentiated by pretreatment with clonidine, lithium or quinine. Our results suggest that lithium exerted additive effects via postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor activation, quinine via potassium ion channel blockade of 5-HT3 receptors, while clonidine did so primarily via action at 5-HT2 receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Redrobe
- GIS Medicament, Faculté de Médecine BP 53508, Nantes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Redrobe JP, Bourin M. Partial role of 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors in the activity of antidepressants in the mouse forced swimming test. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 325:129-35. [PMID: 9163559 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)00115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the roles of 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors in the mouse forced swimming test, by using selective agonists and antagonists of 5-HT(2A/C) and 5-HT3 receptor sites. Agonists/antagonists and antidepressants were administered 45 min and 30 min, respectively, prior to testing. Pretreatment with (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) (4 mg/kg, i.p.) or 2-methyl-5-HT (4 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effect on the anti-immobility effects of any antidepressant tested. Prior administration of ritanserin (4 mg/kg, i.p.) or ketanserin (8 mg/kg, i.p.), on the other hand, potentiated the effects of sub-active doses of imipramine (8 mg/kg, i.p.) and desipramine (16 mg/kg, i.p.) but not of maprotiline (8 mg/kg, i.p.), fluoxetine (16 mg/kg, i.p.), citalopram (16 mg/kg, i.p.) or fluvoxamine (8 mg/kg, i.p.). Pretreatment with ondansetron (1 X 10(-5) mg/kg, i.p.) enhanced the antidepressant-like effects of sub-active doses of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The results of the present study suggested that, in the forced swimming test, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors act partially through 5-HT3 receptor sites, whereas the tricyclic antidepressants exert effects at 5-HT(2A/C) receptor sites. Anti-immobility effects of the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, maprotiline, do not seem to be mediated by 5-HT(2A/C) or 5-HT3 receptor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Redrobe
- GIS Médicament, JE 2027 Neurobiologie de l'anxieté, Faculty of Medicine, Nantes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|