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Chau TP, Bulgariu L, Saravanan M, Rajkumar R, Chinnathambi A, Salmen SH, Jhanani GK. Bioremediation efficiency of free and immobilized form of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubigenesis biomass on tannery effluent. Environ Res 2023; 231:116275. [PMID: 37257743 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Untreated tannery effluent discharge, which causes severe environmental pollution. This research was performed to assess the bioremediation (multi-pollutant adsorption) potential of pre-identified and multi metal tolerant Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubigenesis through a stirred tank bioreactor in free and immobilized form. Physicochemical property analysis results showed that most of the tannery effluent properties were beyond the permissible limits. These A. niger and A. tubigenesis effectively immobilized on corncob and coir solid support material. The stirred tank bioreactor based bioremediation study revealed that the fungal biomass (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubigenesis) immobilized coir and corncob material demonstrated remarkable multi-pollutant (TSS: 22.5% & 13.5%, TS: 29% & 22%, BOD: 21% & 10%, TDS: 28% & 19%, COD: 30% & 22%, Cr: 27% & 19%, Cu: 28% & 12%, and Pb: 48% & 29% respectively) adsorption potential in a week of treatment. Moreover, it reduced the toxicity of tannery effluent and promotes the sprouting of Oriza sativa seeds, as demonstrated by petri plate bioassay. These finding suggest that the metal-tolerant fungal isolates A. niger and A. tubigenesis demonstrated impressive bioremediation proficiencies in an immobilized state. A field investigation is required to assess the feasibility of this strategy on tannery effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Chau
- Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Laura Bulgariu
- "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Technical University Gheorghe Asachi of Iasi, Romania
| | - Mythili Saravanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, USA
| | - R Rajkumar
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, (Meat Science) Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G K Jhanani
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140103, India.
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Chau TP, Rajkumar R, S Aloufi A, Krishnan R, Tharifkhan SA. Textile effluents decolourization potential of metal tolerant Aspergillus species and optimization of biomass concentration and temperature. Environ Res 2023:116294. [PMID: 37268209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This research was performed to assess the physicochemical properties of textile effluents collected from different sampling points (industrial park, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India) and also evaluate the multiple metal tolerance efficiency of pre-isolated Aspergillus flavus. Moreover, their textile effluent decolourization potential was investigated and quantity and temperature required for effective bioremediation was optimized. About 5 textile effluent samples (S0, S1, S2, S3, and S4) were collected from various sampling points and noted that certain physicochemical properties (pH: 9.64 ± 0.38, Turbidity: 18.39 ± 1.4 NTU, Cl-: 3185.38 ± 15.8 mg L-1, BOD: 82.52 ± 6.9 mg L-1, COD: 342.28 ± 8.9 mg L-1, Ni: 74.21 ± 4.31 mg L-1, Cr: 48.52 ± 18.34 mg L-1, Cd: 34.85 ± 1.2 mg L-1, Zn: 25.52 ± 2.4 mg L-1, Pb: 11.25 ± 1.5 mg L-1, Hg: 1.8 ± 0.05 mg L-1, and As: 7.1 ± 0.41 mg L-1) were beyond the permissible limits. The A. flavus, showed remarkable metal tolerance to Pb, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Hg, and Zn on PDA plates with elevated dosage up to 1000 μg mL-1. The optimal dosage required for effective decolourization was found as 3 g (48.2%) and compare to dead biomass (42.1%) of A. flavus, the viable biomass showed remarkable decolourization activity on textile effluents in a short duration of treatment process. The optimal temperature for effective decolourization by viable biomass was found at 32 ᵒC. The toxic effects of S4 samples treated at 32 ᵒC on O. sativa as well as brine shrimp larvae were significantly reduced. These findings show that pre-isolated A. flavus viable biomass can be used to decolorize metal-enriched textile effluent. Furthermore, the effectiveness of their metals remediation should be investigated using ex-situ and ex-vivo approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Chau
- Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - R Rajkumar
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, (Meat Science) Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abeer S Aloufi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Rajkumar R, Mani J, Alagar Nedunchezhian A, Sidharth D, Radha S, Arivanandhan M, Jayavel R, Anbalagan G. Electrical and thermal transport properties of Sb substituted Cu2Te nanostructures for thermoelectric applications. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Sarangi NV, Rajkumar R. 6 Biodegradation of organic pollutants by microbial process. Environ Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/9783110727227-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lilly A, Rajkumar R, Amudha R. Aggrandizing the human resource development with underpinning artificial intelligence. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09720510.2022.2040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lilly
- PG and Research Department of Commerce, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Rajkumar
- PG and Research Department of Commerce, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Amudha
- Department of Management Studies, Karunya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mani J, Radha S, Nedunchezhian AA, Rajkumar R, Amaljith C, Arivanandhan M, Jayavel R, Anbalagan G. A facile synthesis of hierarchical Cu2NiSnS4 nanostructures with low thermal conductivity for thermoelectric applications. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sundararajan M, Vidhya J, Revathi R, Sukumar M, Arunadevi B, Rajkumar R, Ramachandran S, Kamalakannan M, Dash CS, Rajabathar JR, Arokiyaraj S. Rapid synthesis and magnetic property characterization of Mg 2+ doped Co 3O 4 nanostructures. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2021.2025400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sundararajan
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Paavendhar College of Arts & Science, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J. Vidhya
- Department of Physics, M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Revathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University PG Extension Centre, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Sukumar
- Department of Physics, Anand Institute of Higher Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B. Arunadevi
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Paavendhar College of Arts & Science, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R. Rajkumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S. Ramachandran
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Arignar Anna College (Arts & Science), Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Kamalakannan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Fisheries Engineering, Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Nagapattinam, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Dash
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, South Korea
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Rajkumar R, Marichamy P. Wide Band Meandered-Loop Ground Radiation Antenna for Biomedical Applications. j med imaging hlth inform 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The concept of wireless implantable medical devices (IMDs) is becoming more popular as the world’s population ages and concerns about public health grow. Implantable antennas have figured prominently in wireless communication among IMDs and external infrastructures, yet they have
subsequently become a major study area. Among the most difficult aspects of building implantable antennas is to varied physical tissues and fluids act as dielectric stress on antenna, affecting its efficiency dramatically. Ground radiation antenna was particularly designed for the antenna
size reduction. The features of the ground have an impact on it. There is variance in the radiation field with similar frequency and antenna length yet varied ground conductance. It has been discovered that when the ground conductance is low, the radiation field is minimal and the orientation
of the radiation field modifies. A meandered-loop ground radiation antenna (MGRA) was designed by coupling the meandered-loop structure to the ground radiating plane using only one electrical element. The proposed antenna was studied for biomedical applications at ISM band in the range between
2.4 to 2.8 GHz. The overall size of antenna is 30×24 mm2 making it suitable for the implantable applications. The bandwidth of the MGRA was further improved by using stub structures. The single layer skin model simulation showed that |S11| parameter as −21.21 dB at the
resounding frequency of 2.40 GHz. Major factors like impedance match gain, radiation effectiveness and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) had also been evaluated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Rajkumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SVS College of Engineering, Coimbatore 642109, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P. Marichamy
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, P.S.R Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, Tamilnadu, Indi
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Sathyanarayanan R, Raghu K, Shyamala M, Nithin Joseph JB, Rajkumar R. Comminuted middle third orbito-zygomatic complex fracture leading to blindness due to unanticipated tyre rim explosion during service - A rare case. Indian J Dent Res 2021; 32:268-271. [PMID: 34810402 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_652_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An explosion is caused by conversion of solid, liquid into gas with resultant energy release. Blast injuries of large tyres are similar to injuries resulting from landmine explosions. Most of the patients were polytraumatised, initial evaluation and management should follow ATLS. Trauma following tyre blast results in severe soft tissue, orthopedic and head injuries. Head and face is the most commonly affected region followed by upper limb. A 40 year old male patient was watching a car tyre getting inflated with air. Unfortunately the tyre rim exploded on his face, which led to penetrating injury to the eye ball and comminuted middle third fractures. Patient was stabilized and primary hemostasis was achieved. Fractured maxilla was fixed by arch bar wiring and stabilized by using circum-suspension wiring bilaterally. Left eyeball was removed due to open globe injury and intraocular content loss. Unusual maxillofacial injuries are more common. Decision making and treatment of facial penetrating injuries depends on number of factors, which includes location and extent of injury, type of foreign body involved, proximity of vital structures, extent of injury to soft and hard tissue and the relative benefits and risk ratio for the patient. In this case report we have explained about the primary assessment and management of blast injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sathyanarayanan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Science, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - K Raghu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Science, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - M Shyamala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Science, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Jude B Nithin Joseph
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Science, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - R Rajkumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Science, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
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Rajkumar R, Alagar Nedunchezhian A, Sidharth D, Kalaiarasan K, Arivanandhan M, Jayavel R, Anbalagan G. The impact of Yb substitution on enhancing the thermoelectric properties of CuMnO2 nanostructures. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dash S, Muthukumar V, Rajkumar R, Karki D. Cryogenic Refrigerant Burns: A Rare Occupational Hazard. Workplace Health Saf 2020; 69:109-114. [PMID: 33357039 DOI: 10.1177/2165079920965539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryogenic burns induced by coolant gases used in refrigerators and air conditioners are rarely encountered, despite the wide use of these gases. To date, only a few cases have been reported in the literature. This study examined the occupational circumstances leading to such injuries, relevant injury sites, types of chemicals involved, and treatment measures. METHODS This study was conducted in a tertiary burn center in India between March 2015 and March 2019. The demographic details, chemicals involved, and burn regions and characteristics were analyzed. FINDINGS There were 15 burn cases all involving injury to the hand. All injuries were managed initially with dressings and nonoperative management. One patient required anti-edema therapy with limb elevation and fingertip debridement, while another patient required skin grafting. All patients had satisfactory hand function after treatment. CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE Cryogenic burn injuries caused by refrigerants are rare, and their etiology varies considerably. Exposure time is the primary factor that determines burn depth and severity; hence, reducing exposure time is important in first aid. Our findings suggest that after exposure, the patient should be treated in a specialized burn center. Adequate knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of these types of burn injuries and their management is necessary; otherwise, misjudgments in the treatment plan can lead to adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvashis Dash
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital
| | | | - R Rajkumar
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital
| | - Durga Karki
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital
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Rajkumar R, Ragupathy US. An ANN-based harmonic mitigation and power injection technique for solar-fed distributed generation system. Soft comput 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-020-04907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alagar Nedunchezhian AS, Sidharth D, Rajkumar R, Yalini Devi N, Maeda K, Arivanandhan M, Fujiwara K, Anbalagan G, Jayavel R. Enhancing the thermoelectric power factor of nanostructured ZnCo 2O 4 by Bi substitution. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18769-18775. [PMID: 35518284 PMCID: PMC9054002 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01542c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BixZnCo2−xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) nanoparticles with different x values have been prepared by the sol–gel method; the structural, morphological, thermal and thermoelectric properties of the prepared nanomaterials are investigated. XRD analysis confirms that Bi is completely dissolved in the ZnCo2O4 lattice till the x values of ≤0.1 and the secondary phase of Bi2O3 is formed at higher x value (x > 0.1). The synthesized nanomaterials are densified and the thermoelectric properties are studied as a function of temperature. The electrical resistivity of the BixZnCo2−xO4 decreased with x value and it fell to 4 × 10−2 Ω m for the sample with x value ≤ 0.1. The Seebeck coefficient value increased with the increase of Bi substitution till the x value of 0.1 and decreased for the sample with higher Bi content (x ≤ 0.2) as the resistivity of the sample increased due to secondary phase formation. With the optimum Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity, Bi0.1ZnCo1.9O4 shows the high-power factor (α2σ550 K) of 2.3 μW K−2 m−1 and figure of merit of 9.5 × 10−4 at 668 K respectively, compared with other samples. The experimental results reveal that Bi substitution at the Co site is a promising approach to improve the thermoelectric properties of ZnCo2O4. Nanostructuring and Bi substitution have considerably increased the thermoelectric power factor and ZT of BixZnCo2−xO4; Bi1.9ZnCo1.9O4 shows a higher power factor than that of other Bi substituted samples.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Sidharth
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Anna University
- Chennai 600025
- India
| | - R. Rajkumar
- Department of Nuclear Physics
- University of Madras
- Chennai 600025
- India
| | - N. Yalini Devi
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Anna University
- Chennai 600025
- India
| | - K. Maeda
- Institute for Materials Research
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - M. Arivanandhan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Anna University
- Chennai 600025
- India
| | - K. Fujiwara
- Institute for Materials Research
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - G. Anbalagan
- Department of Nuclear Physics
- University of Madras
- Chennai 600025
- India
| | - R. Jayavel
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Anna University
- Chennai 600025
- India
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Sidharth D, Alagar Nedunchezhian AS, Rajkumar R, Yalini Devi N, Rajasekaran P, Arivanandhan M, Fujiwara K, Anbalagan G, Jayavel R. Enhancing effects of Te substitution on the thermoelectric power factor of nanostructured SnSe 1-xTe x. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15725-15733. [PMID: 31276131 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02018g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured SnSe1-xTex (0 < x < 0.2) was prepared by the planetary ball milling method. The prepared materials were studied by various analytical techniques. XRD analysis shows the pure phase of SnSe when x ≤ 0.1 and the secondary phase of SnTe was observed when x ≥ 0.1, possibly due to the low solid solubility limit of Te in SnSe. FESEM images revealed that the grain sizes of all the samples were in the range of 100 to 500 nm. TEM images showed the grain structures, sizes and grain boundaries of the samples. XPS analysis confirmed the incorporation of Te in SnSe1-xTex and the binding states of the elements in the samples. The samples were made into pellets and sintered at high temperature. The electrical resistivity of the SnSe1-xTex pellets decreased by up to two orders of magnitude as the x value increased in the samples. Concomitantly, the Seebeck coefficient of the SnSe1-xTex samples decreased drastically as the x value increased in the samples. A power factor (PF) of 102.8 μW K-2 m-1 was obtained for the SnSe0.9Te0.1 sample at 550 K, which is higher than the reported values for SnSe and SnSe1-xTex. When substituting Se with Te, the band structure of SnSe changes, which significantly enhances the thermoelectric PF of SnSe1-xTex for x ∼ 0.1. The PF decreased when the x value was increased further (x ≥ 0.1), possibly due to the precipitation of the SnTe phase. These experimental results demonstrate that the addition of a reasonable amount of Te is a promising approach for improving the thermoelectric properties of SnSe.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sidharth
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India.
| | | | - R Rajkumar
- Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Chennai-600025, India
| | - N Yalini Devi
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India.
| | - P Rajasekaran
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu-432-8011, Japan
| | - M Arivanandhan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India. and Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980 8577, Japan
| | - K Fujiwara
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980 8577, Japan
| | - G Anbalagan
- Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Chennai-600025, India
| | - R Jayavel
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India.
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Neuner I, Rajkumar R, Brambilla CR, Ramkiran S, Ruch A, Orth L, Farrher E, Mauler J, Wyss C, Kops ER, Scheins J, Tellmann L, Lang M, Ermert J, Dammers J, Neumaier B, Lerche C, Heekeren K, Kawohl W, Langen KJ, Herzog H, Shah NJ. Simultaneous PET-MR-EEG: Technology, Challenges and Application in Clinical Neuroscience. IEEE Trans Radiat Plasma Med Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2018.2886525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rajkumar R, Praveen Kumar P. Structure, crystal growth and characterization of piperazinium bis(4-nitrobenzoate) dihydrate crystal for nonlinear optics and optical limiting applications. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rajkumar R, Kumar PP, Gunasekaran B. Piperazine-1,4-diium bis(4-nitrobenzoate) dihydrate. IUCr Data 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314617012913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title molecular salt, C4H12N22+·2C7H4NO4−·2H2O, is composed of half a protonated piperazine dication, located about an inversion center, a benzoate anion and a water molecule of crystallization. In the crystal, the various units are linked by N—H...O, O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a supramolecular three-dimensional framework.
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Shafiabady N, Lee L, Rajkumar R, Kallimani V, Akram NA, Isa D. Using unsupervised clustering approach to train the Support Vector Machine for text classification. Neurocomputing 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2015.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Manikandan A, Rajkumar R. Physicochemical and tensile properties of alkaline-treated new natural cellulosicGossypium arboreumfiber. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2016.1192815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rajkumar R, Manikandan A, Saravanakumar SS. Physicochemical properties of alkali-treated new cellulosic fiber from cotton shell. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2016.1160509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rajaraman D, Sundararajan G, Rajkumar R, Bharanidharan S, Krishnasamy K. Synthesis, crystal structure investigation, DFT studies and DPPH radical scavenging activity of 1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2,4,5-triphenyl- 1H -imidazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rajagopal T, Rajkumar R, Ponmanickam P, Achiraman S, Padmanabhan P, Archunan G. Identification of pheromone-carrying protein in the preorbital gland post in the endangered Indian male Blackbuck Antelope cervicapra L. Indian J Exp Biol 2015; 53:771-778. [PMID: 26742321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, a low molecular mass protein (17-20 KDa) reported from the pheromone sources such as urine, saliva, glandular secretion, etc., as ligand-carrier (pheromone carrier) has been associated with chemo-communication. Since the preorbital gland post is one of the major pheromone sources in Indian Blackbuck, an endangered species, we assumed that it possibly contains low molecular mass protein for chemical communication. Hence, we investigated the preorbital gland post in territorial and non-territorial male blackbucks for such low molecular mass proteins adopting SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS analysis. The total content of protein was higher in the post of territorial males than non-territorial males of adult and sub-adult. In fact, the protein profiles such as 17, 21, 25, 42 and 61 kDa were noted in the gland secretion of territorial and non-territorial males. The intensity of the 17 kDa protein band was higher in territorial males than non-territorial males. In-gel trypsin digestion of the 17 kDa band was processed and subjected to LC-MS/MS and SEQUEST analyses. The results of LC-MS/MS and SEQUEST search showed the presence of α(2u)-globulin in the 17 kDa band. In addition, the identified α(2u)-globulin sequence possessed GDW residues, which are the characteristic signature for lipocalin family. Since the α(2u)-globulin has been reported from the pheromone-carrying proteins in some mammals, this protein may carry the volatiles (pheromone compounds) in male Blackbucks preorbital gland to evoke the scent marking for maintaining territoriality (home range) and attraction towards female, through the secretion of glandular protein.
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Rajkumar R, Kamaraj A, Bharanidharan S, Saleem H, Krishnasamy K. Synthesis, spectral characterization, single crystal X-ray diffraction and DFT studies of 4-((2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)pyridine derivatives. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kamaraj A, Ranjith S, Rajkumar R, Mohanraj G, Krishnasamy K. Crystal structure of 1-cyclo-propane-carbon-yl-3-methyl-2,6-di-p-tolyl-piperidin-4-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:o1056-7. [PMID: 25309223 PMCID: PMC4186191 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814018546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C24H27NO2, crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. The two mol-ecules have very similar conformations and each exhibits an intra-molecular C-H⋯π inter-action. The central piperidine rings adopt boat conformations and the p-tolyl rings are inclined to the mean plane of the piperidine ring by 71.21 (11) and 89.86 (12)° in mol-ecule A and by 68.01 (12) and 89.33 (12)° in mol-ecule B. The cyclopropanecarbonyl group is oriented at an angle of 68.5 (2)° with respect to the mean plane of the piperidine ring in mol-ecule A and 66.2 (2)° in mol-ecule B. In the crystal, the A and B mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, enclosing R 2 (1)(6) ring motifs, forming ribbons running along the a-axis direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kamaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S. Ranjith
- Department of Physics, SRM University, Ramapuram Campus, Chennai 600 089, India
| | - R. Rajkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G. Mohanraj
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai 600 030, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Krishnasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
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Kamaraj A, Rajkumar R, Krishnasamy K, Murugavel S. Crystal structure of methyl 2-[2,4-bis-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo-[3.3.1]nonan-9-yl-idene]hydrazine-carboxyl-ate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:145-7. [PMID: 25309164 PMCID: PMC4186194 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814018935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C22H23F2N3O2, the bicyclic ring system exists in a twin-chair conformation with an equatorial disposition of the 4-fluoro-phenyl groups on the heterocycle. These aromatic rings are inclined to one another by 19.4 (1)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by pairs of N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into inversion dimers, incorporating R 1 (2)(7) and R 2 (2)(8) ring motifs; the same O atom accepts both hydrogen bonds. These dimers are further linked by a pair of C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds, enclosing R 2 (2)(28) ring motifs, forming supra-molecular chains along [010]. The NH group of the pyridine ring is not involved in hydrogen bonding, probably due to the steric hindrance of the fluoro-phenyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kamaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Rajkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Krishnasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Murugavel
- Department of Physics, Thanthai Periyar Government Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 002, India
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Shiju TM, Rajkumar R, Rajesh NG, Viswanathan P. Aqueous extract of Allium sativum L bulbs offer nephroprotection by attenuating vascular endothelial growth factor and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 expression in diabetic rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2013; 51:139-48. [PMID: 23923607 DOI: pmid/23923607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the nephroprotective effect of garlic and elucidate the mechanism by which it prevents the progression of diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats, diabetes was induced by a single ip injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight). Garlic extract (500 mg/kg body weight) and aminoguanidine (1 g/L) were supplemented in the treatment groups. Histopathological examination using H&E, PAS staining and the immunohistochemical analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK-1) expression were performed on kidney sections at the end of 12 weeks. Significant change in both, the urine and serum biochemistry confirmed kidney damage in diabetic animals which was further confirmed by the histological changes such as mesangial expansion, glomerular basement membrane thickening, glycosuria and proteinuria. However, the diabetic animals treated with garlic extract showed a significant change in urine and serum biochemical parameters such as albumin, urea nitrogen and creatinine compared to that of diabetic rats. Further, the garlic supplemented diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in the expression of VEGF and ERK-1 compared to diabetic rats, attenuating mesangial expansion and glomerulosclerosis. Thus, garlic extract rendered nephroprotection in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Shiju
- Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Center, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, India
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Archunan G, Saibaba G, Alagendran S, Muthukumar S, Rajkumar R, Guzman RG. Characterization of salivary protein during ovulatory phase of menstrual cycle through MALDI-TOF/MS. Indian J Dent Res 2013; 24:157-63. [DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.116669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Jayappriyan KR, Rajkumar R, Rengasamy R. Unusual occurrence of non carotenogenic strains of Dunaliella bardawil and Dunaliella parva in India. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 51:473-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Anbarasan R, Sangeeth V, Saravanan M, Rajkumar R, Anandhaalaguraja M, Dhanalakshmi V. Effect of Substituents and Dopants on the Structure–Property Relationship of Poly(Aniline)—A Comparative Study. J MACROMOL SCI B 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222341003785011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Anbarasan
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering, MEMS Thermal Control Lab , National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - V. Sangeeth
- b Department of Polymer Technology , KCET , Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Saravanan
- b Department of Polymer Technology , KCET , Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Rajkumar
- b Department of Polymer Technology , KCET , Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - V. Dhanalakshmi
- b Department of Polymer Technology , KCET , Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rajkumar R, Singh SK, Agarwal SK, Mahmood S, Shankar U. Effect of Selective COX-2 Inhibitor on Conception Rate, Progesterone and PGFM Profile in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Journal of Applied Animal Research 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2010.10539512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rajkumar R, Karthikeyan K, Archunan G, Huang PH, Chen YW, Ng WV, Liao CC. Using mass spectrometry to detect buffalo salivary odorant-binding protein and its post-translational modifications. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010; 24:3248-3254. [PMID: 20972998 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A large number of mammalian odorant-binding proteins, which are lipocalins, have been studied. These proteins participate in peri-receptor events by selecting and carrying odorant molecules. The present study aimed at identifying the buffalo salivary odorant-binding protein (sOBP), and to determine its post-translational modification using mass spectrometry. The buffalo salivary 21 kDa protein was initially separated adopting sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and it was identified as sOBP with high statistical reliability using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and SEQUEST, for the first time. Further, the post-translationally modified peptides were screened adopting MS/MS. A total of four post-translational modifications, namely glycation at lysine-(59), hydroxylation at lysine-(134), ubiquitination at lysine-(121), and dihydroxylation in lysine-(108), were recorded. Moreover, these modifications have not been identified in buffalo salivary odorant-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajkumar
- Center for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Trichirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
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Rajkumar R, Mahesh R. Assessing the neuronal serotonergic target-based antidepressant stratagem: impact of in vivo interaction studies and knockout models. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 6:215-34. [PMID: 19506722 PMCID: PMC2687932 DOI: 10.2174/157015908785777256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression remains a challenge in the field of affective neuroscience, despite a steady research progress. Six out of nine basic antidepressant mechanisms rely on serotonin neurotransmitter system. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the significance of serotonin receptors (5-HT1-3,6,7), its signal transduction pathways and classical down stream targets (including neurotrophins, neurokinins, other peptides and their receptors) in antidepressant drug action. Serotonergic control of depression embraces the recent molecular requirements such as influence on proliferation, neurogenesis, plasticity, synaptic (re)modeling and transmission in the central nervous system. The present progress report analyses the credibility of each protein as therapeutically relevant target of depression. In vivo interaction studies and knockout models which identified these targets are foreseen to unearth new ligands and help them transform to drug candidates. The importance of the antidepressant assay selection at the preclinical level using salient animal models/assay systems is discussed. Such test batteries would definitely provide antidepressants with faster onset, efficacy in resistant (and co-morbid) types and with least adverse effects. Apart from the selective ligands, only those molecules which bring an overall harmony, by virtue of their affinities to various receptor subtypes, could qualify as effective antidepressants. Synchronised modulation of various serotonergic sub-pathways is the basis for a unique and balanced antidepressant profile, as that of fluoxetine (most exploited antidepressant) and such a profile may be considered as a template for the upcoming antidepressants. In conclusion, 5-HT based multi-targeted antidepressant drug discovery supported by in vivo interaction studies and knockout models is advocated as a strategy to provide classic molecules for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajkumar
- Pharmacy Group, FD-III, Vidya Vihar, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan-333031, India.
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Rajkumar R, Ilayaraja R, Liao CC, Archunan G, Achiraman S, Prakash S, Ng WV, Tsay YG. Detection of alpha(2u)-globulin and its bound putative pheromones in the preputial gland of the Indian commensal rat (Rattus rattus) using mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010; 24:721-728. [PMID: 20169559 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The role of pheromones and pheromone-binding proteins in the laboratory rat has been extensively investigated. However, we have previously reported that the preputial gland of the Indian commensal rat produces a variety of pheromonal molecules and preputial glands would seem to be the predominant source for pheromonal communication. The presence of pheromone-binding proteins has not yet been identified in the preputial gland of the Indian commensal rat; therefore, the experiments were designed to unravel the alpha(2u)-globulin (alpha2u) and its bound volatiles in the commensal rat. Total preputial glandular proteins were first fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and subsequently analyzed by mass spectrometry. Further, we purified alpha2u and screened for the presence of bound pheromonal molecules with the aid of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A novel alpha2u was identified with a high score and this protein has not been previously described as present in the preputial gland of Indian commensal rats. This novel alpha2u was then characterized by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Peptides with m/z values of 969, 1192, 1303 and 1876 were further fragmented with the aid of MS/MS and generated de novo sequences which provided additional evidence for the presence of alpha2u in the preputial gland. Finally, we identified the presence of farnesol 1 and 2 bound to alpha2u. The present investigation confirms the presence of alpha2u (18.54 kDa) in the preputial gland of the Indian commensal rat and identifies farnesol 1 and 2 as probably involved in chemo-communication by the Indian commensal rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajkumar
- Center for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India 620 024
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Rajan KE, Rajkumar R, Liao CC, Ganesh A, Marimuthu G. Light-induced COP9 signalosome expression in the Indian false vampire bat Megaderma lyra. J Physiol Sci 2010; 60:43-9. [PMID: 19787423 PMCID: PMC10717346 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multi-subunit protein complex conserved in plants and animals. CSN subunits have been identified as light-mediated master regulators of eukaryotic circadian clocks from fungi to animals. The Indian false vampire bat Megaderma lyra is completely adapted to an anthropic biotope and behavioral studies have reported that M. lyra exhibits light-sampling behavior to assess environmental light. LC-MS-MS results for a 36 kDa protein were analyzed using the Sequest search engine, and COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5) was pinpointed as having the highest score with 6 matching peptides. To confirm the presence of CSN5, up-regulated cDNA was amplified, sequenced, and identified as CSN5. Furthermore, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the level of induction of CSN5 was regulated by environmental light. We estimated the level of expression across a light-dark cycle and observed a higher level of expression at the end of the light phase. Similarly, when the animal was shifted from continuous dark to light, CSN5 expression was induced. Correspondingly, we detected the similar pattern of translated protein with JAB1 antibody. Knowledge about the circadian rhythm and its molecular mechanism in Chiroptera is very limited and this study suggests that CSN5 might be involved in the M. lyra light-signaling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Emmanuvel Rajan
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India.
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Rajkumar R, Ilayaraja R, Mucignat C, Cavaggioni A, Archunan G. Identification of alpha2u-globulin and bound volatiles in the Indian common house rat (Rattus rattus). Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009; 46:319-324. [PMID: 19788064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The alpha2u-globulin (alpha2u) is a pheromone carrier urinary protein believed to be relevant for sexual communication among rats and is characterized in laboratory rats. In the present study 17 kDa protein and the bound pheromones were characterized in a population of wild-type Indian common house rat (Rattus rattus). The protein was purified by two runs of Sephadex G-50 chromatography and analyzed with SDS-PAGE with MALDI-TOF/MS. The results of MASCOT search identified the protein as an alpha2u and suggested a role for binding pheromones. To confirm the protein bound volatiles, purified alpha2u was extracted with dichloromethane and volatile molecules were detected using of gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 1-Chlorodecane was detected as the predominant compound and 2-methyl-N-phenyl-2-propenamide, hexadecane and 2,6,11-trimethyl decane as the minor compounds. The simple method of protein purification and the identification of bound volatiles may help in designing efficient pheromone-based rat traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajkumar
- Center for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, India
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Basha CA, Ramanathan K, Rajkumar R, Mahalakshmi M, Kumar PS. Management of Chromium Plating Rinsewater Using Electrochemical Ion Exchange. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie070163x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mahesh R, Rajkumar R, Minasri B, Venkatesha Perumal R. Potential antidepressants: pharmacology of 2-(4-methyl piperazin-1-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile in rodent behavioural models. Pharmazie 2007; 62:919-924. [PMID: 18214343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) antagonists, which find an unflinching place in the management of nausea and emesis are presently screened for their neuro-pharmacological potential in various animal models. In the present study, 2-(4-methyl piperazin-1-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (NA-2) with an optimal log P and pA2 value comparable to that of ondansetron was screened in rodent models of depression. The acute and chronic (14 days) treatment of the synthetic compound exhibited antidepressant-like effects at the lower dose levels in mice forced swim test (FST). A typical and similar dose-immobility profile was observed in both mice FST and tail suspension test (TST). Interaction studies in FST revealed the reversal of mCPP induced immobility, attenuation of antidepressant effects of fluoxetine and desipramine. Chronic NA-2 treatment restored the behavioural deficits in olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) rats as indicated by reduction in hyperactivity in novel open field test. This preliminary study points to a serotonergic mechanism behind the antidepressant-like effects of NA-2 and invigorates further investigation of analogous compounds in various other models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mahesh
- Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Sankaranarayanan R, Rajkumar R, Esmy PO, Fayette JM, Shanthakumary S, Frappart L, Thara S, Cherian J. Effectiveness, safety and acceptability of 'see and treat' with cryotherapy by nurses in a cervical screening study in India. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:738-43. [PMID: 17311015 PMCID: PMC2360066 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated a ‘see and treat’ procedure involving screening, colposcopy, biopsy and cryotherapy by trained nurses in one-visit in field clinics in a cervical screening study in South India for its acceptability, safety and effectiveness in curing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Women positive on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) were advised colposcopy, directed biopsies and cryotherapy if they had colposcopic impression of CIN in one visit by nurses in field clinics supervised by a doctor. Side effects and complications were assessed and cure rates were evaluated with VIA, colposcopy and biopsy if colposcopic abnormalities were suspected. Cure was defined as no clinical or histological evidence of CIN at ⩾6 months from treatment. Of the 2513 women offered ‘see and treat’ procedure, 1879 (74.8%) accepted. Of the 1397 women with histologically proved CIN treated with cryotherapy, 1026 reported for follow-up evaluation. Cure rates were 81.4% (752 out of 924) for women with CIN 1; 71.4% (55 out of 77) for CIN 2 and 68.0% (17 out of 25) for CIN 3. Minor side effects and complications were documented in less than 3% of women. ‘See and treat’ with cryotherapy by nurses under medical supervision is acceptable, safe and effective for cervical cancer prevention in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sankaranarayanan
- Screening Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France.
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Kumar R, Singh R, Rajkumar R. Control of anestrous in buffaloes through locally available resources. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.s2.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mostafid H, Rajkumar R, Biers S. MP-15.15. Urology 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rajkumar R, Srivastava SK, Yadav MC, Varshney VP, Varshney JP, Kumar H. Effect of a Homeopathic complex on oestrus induction and hormonal profile in anoestrus cows. HOMEOPATHY 2006; 95:131-5. [PMID: 16815515 DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a homeopathic complex in the management of true anoestrus in crossbred cows. Six anoestrus cows were treated with a homeopathic complex (Calcarea phosphorica 30c, Aletris farinosa 30c, Pulsatilla 30c, Aurum muriaticum natronatum 30c, Sepia 30c and Phosphorus 30c in equal proportion, 15 pills twice daily orally for 10 days). Six animals acted as control without any treatment. Treatment was 100% effective in inducing oestrus in anoestrus cows with mean interval of 27.5+/-5.3 days. All animals conceived and overall conception rate was 54.5% with 1.83 services per conception. In the homeopathic complex treated group, increased serum oestradiol concentration (20.88+/-5.60 to 27.80+/-7.28 pg/ml) was observed compared to the pretreatment (11.71+/-2.06 pg/ml) and control value (10.43+/-1.77 to 13.94+/-3.14 pg/ml). The homeopathic complex medicine may be effective and economical in the treatment of true anoestrus condition in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajkumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Utter Pradesh, India.
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Kamalakkannan S, Achiraman S, Rajkumar R, Kumar KR, Archunan G. Identification of sex-associated protein in the preputial gland of house rat (a new insight in rodent pest management). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 93:145-52. [PMID: 17063626 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.93.2006.2-3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our recent findings revealed that the preputial gland of male house rat contains 20 kDa protein, however, the role of androgen in the production of this protein is not known. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate the androgen dependency of 20 kDa protein in the preputial gland of house rat (Rattus rattus) and to compare its presence in female clitoral gland. Further, on castration the amount of glandular protein in male was significantly decreased to a certain extent, while testosterone treatment on castrated males showed an increasing trend. The electrophorogram of male house rat showed six different protein fractions with molecular weights of 90, 70, 60, 50, 35 and 20 kDa. However, the 70, 60, 50 and 35 kDa were absent in female. Among the different fractions, 90 and 20 kDa proteins were prominent. On castration, the 20 kDa protein was disappeared; while on testosterone treatment the protein reappeared. Thus, the present study concludes that the 20 kDa protein is a testosterone dependent sex-associated protein. Since urinary protein is found to act as carrier for volatile substances in pheromonal communication. The present study suggests that the glandular protein may bind with the volatile compounds produced from preputial gland. Identification of this carrier protein in the preputial gland explores the possibility of developing pheromonal trap for rodent pest management (RPM).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamalakkannan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamilnadu, India
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Clifford GM, Gallus S, Herrero R, Muñoz N, Snijders PJF, Vaccarella S, Anh PTH, Ferreccio C, Hieu NT, Matos E, Molano M, Rajkumar R, Ronco G, de Sanjosé S, Shin HR, Sukvirach S, Thomas JO, Tunsakul S, Meijer CJLM, Franceschi S. Worldwide distribution of human papillomavirus types in cytologically normal women in the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV prevalence surveys: a pooled analysis. Lancet 2005. [PMID: 16168781 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) varies greatly across populations, as might the distribution of HPV types. We aimed to compare HPV-type distribution in representative samples of women from different world regions. METHODS Women were randomly selected from the general population of 13 areas from 11 countries (Nigeria, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Korea, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, the Netherlands, Italy, and Spain). A standardised protocol was used for cervical specimen collection. All HPV testing was by GP5+/6+ PCR-based EIA. The proportion of HPV-positive women infected with different HPV types was compared by study area and between pooled regions with age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% floating CIs. FINDINGS 15 613 women aged 15-74 years without cytological abnormalities were included in a pooled analysis. Age-standardised HPV prevalence varied nearly 20 times between populations, from 1.4% (95% CI 0.5-2.2) in Spain to 25.6% (22.4-28.8) in Nigeria. Although both overall HPV prevalence and HPV16 prevalence were highest in sub-Saharan Africa, HPV-positive women in Europe were significantly more likely to be infected with HPV16 than were those in sub-Saharan Africa (OR 2.64, p=0.0002), and were significantly less likely to be infected with high-risk HPV types other than HPV16 (OR 0.57, p=0.004) and/or low-risk HPV types (OR 0.44. p=0.0002). Women from South America had HPV-type distribution in between those from sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. Heterogeneity between areas of Asia was significant. INTERPRETATION Heterogeneity in HPV type distribution among women from different populations should be taken into account when developing screening tests for the virus and predicting the effect of vaccines on the incidence of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Clifford
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France.
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Clifford GM, Gallus S, Herrero R, Muñoz N, Snijders PJF, Vaccarella S, Anh PTH, Ferreccio C, Hieu NT, Matos E, Molano M, Rajkumar R, Ronco G, de Sanjosé S, Shin HR, Sukvirach S, Thomas JO, Tunsakul S, Meijer CJLM, Franceschi S. Worldwide distribution of human papillomavirus types in cytologically normal women in the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV prevalence surveys: a pooled analysis. Lancet 2005; 366:991-8. [PMID: 16168781 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 685] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) varies greatly across populations, as might the distribution of HPV types. We aimed to compare HPV-type distribution in representative samples of women from different world regions. METHODS Women were randomly selected from the general population of 13 areas from 11 countries (Nigeria, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Korea, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, the Netherlands, Italy, and Spain). A standardised protocol was used for cervical specimen collection. All HPV testing was by GP5+/6+ PCR-based EIA. The proportion of HPV-positive women infected with different HPV types was compared by study area and between pooled regions with age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% floating CIs. FINDINGS 15 613 women aged 15-74 years without cytological abnormalities were included in a pooled analysis. Age-standardised HPV prevalence varied nearly 20 times between populations, from 1.4% (95% CI 0.5-2.2) in Spain to 25.6% (22.4-28.8) in Nigeria. Although both overall HPV prevalence and HPV16 prevalence were highest in sub-Saharan Africa, HPV-positive women in Europe were significantly more likely to be infected with HPV16 than were those in sub-Saharan Africa (OR 2.64, p=0.0002), and were significantly less likely to be infected with high-risk HPV types other than HPV16 (OR 0.57, p=0.004) and/or low-risk HPV types (OR 0.44. p=0.0002). Women from South America had HPV-type distribution in between those from sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. Heterogeneity between areas of Asia was significant. INTERPRETATION Heterogeneity in HPV type distribution among women from different populations should be taken into account when developing screening tests for the virus and predicting the effect of vaccines on the incidence of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Clifford
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France.
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Franceschi S, Rajkumar R, Snijders PJF, Arslan A, Mahé C, Plummer M, Sankaranarayanan R, Cherian J, Meijer CJLM, Weiderpass E. Papillomavirus infection in rural women in southern India. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:601-6. [PMID: 15668709 PMCID: PMC2362069 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence of, and the risk factors for, cervical infection with 44 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a rural area in the Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India, we interviewed and obtained cervical cell samples from 1891 married women aged 16-59 years. HPV prevalence was 16.9% overall and 14.0% among women without cervical abnormalities, or 17.7 and 15.2%, respectively, age-standardised to the world standard population. In all, 21.9% of infections involved more than one HPV type. High-risk HPV types predominated, particularly HPV 16 (22.5% of women infected), followed by HPV 56, HPV 31, HPV 33 and HPV 18. Unlike most populations studied in developed countries, HPV prevalence was constant across the age groups. HPV positivity was inversely associated with education level (odds ratio (OR) among women with high school vs no education=0.6) and positively associated with widowhood and divorce (OR=1.7), nulligravidity (OR=2.3), and condom use (OR=2.6). It is unclear how much low clearance of, or frequent reinfection with HPV accounted for the study prevalence of infection in different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Franceschi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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Chacko TV, Shankar SLR, Mathew AC, Rajkumar R, Banu MS. Diet and risk of ischemic heart disease in India. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:536-7; author reply 537. [PMID: 15699247 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn.81.2.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Archunan G, Kamalakkannan S, Achiraman S, Rajkumar R. Identification of glandular (preputial and clitoral) proteins in house rat (Rattus rattus) involved in pheromonal communication. Indian J Exp Biol 2004; 42:1032-5. [PMID: 15511012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteins (18-20 kDa) belonging to lipocalin family have been reported to act as carriers for ligands binding to pheromones in mouse urine, pig saliva, hamster vaginal fluid and human sweat, that are involved in pheromonal communication. As the preputial gland is a major pheromonal source, the present study was aimed to detect the specific protein bands (around 18-20 kDa) in the preputial and clitoral glands of the house rat, R. rattus. The amount of protein was higher in preputial gland of the male than that of female (clitoral) gland. A 20 kDa protein was noted in male and female glands; however, the intensity of the band was much higher in male than in female. In addition, 70, 60, 35 kDa bands, identified in male preputial gland, were absent in females. The presence of higher concentration of glandular proteins in the male preputial gland suggests that male rats may depend more on these glandular proteins for the maintenance of reproductive and dominance behaviours. The results further suggest that these glandular proteins (20 kDa) may act as a carrier for ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Archunan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirapalli 620 024, India.
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Baruah A, Naik V, Hendre PS, Rajkumar R, Rajendrakumar P, Aggarwal RK. Isolation and characterization of nine microsatellite markers from Coffea arabica L., showing wide cross-species amplifications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sankaranarayanan R, Nene BM, Dinshaw K, Rajkumar R, Shastri S, Wesley R, Basu P, Sharma R, Thara S, Budukh A, Parkin DM. Early detection of cervical cancer with visual inspection methods: a summary of completed and on-going studies in India. Salud pública Méx 2003; 45 Suppl 3:S399-407. [PMID: 14746033 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-36342003000900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
India is a high-risk country for cervical cancer which accounts a quarter (126,000 new cases, 71,000 deaths around 2,000) of the world burden. The age-standardized incidence rates range from 16-55 per 100,000 women in different regions with particularly high rates in rural areas. Control of cervical cancer by early detection and treatment is a priority of the National Cancer Control Programme of India. There are no organized cytology screening programmes in the country. The technical and financial constraints to organize cytology screening have encouraged the evaluation of visual inspection approaches as potential alternatives to cervical cytology in India. Four types of visual detection approaches for cervical neoplasia are investigated in India: a) naked eye inspection without acetic acid application, widely known as 'downstaging'; b) naked eye inspection after application of 3-5% acetic acid (VIA); c) VIA using magnification devices (VIAM); d) visual inspection after the application of Lugol's iodine (VILI). Downstaging has been shown to be poorly sensitive and specific to detect cervical neoplasia and is no longer considered as a suitable screening test for cervical cancer. VIA, VIAM and VILI are currently being investigated in multicentre cross-sectional studies (without verification bias), in which cytology and HPV testing are also simultaneously evaluated, and the results of these investigations will be available in 2003. These studies will provide valuable information on the average, comparative test performances in detecting high-grade cervical cancer precursors and cancer. Results from pooled analysis of data from two completed studies indicated an approximate sensitivity of 93.4% and specificity of 85.1% for VIA to detect CIN 2 or worse lesions; the corresponding figures for cytology were 72.1% and 91.6%. The efficacy of VIA in reducing incidence of an mortality from cervical cancer and its cost-effectiveness is currently being investigated in two cluster randomized controlled intervention trials in India. One of these studies is a 4-arm trial addressing the comparative efficacy of VIA, cytology and primary screening with HPV DNA testing. This trial will provide valuable information on comparative detection rates of CIN 2-3 lesions by the middle of 2003. The expected outcomes from the Indian studies will contribute valuable information for guiding the development of public health policies on cervical cancer prevention in countries with different levels of socio-economic and health services development and open up new avenues of research. This paper is available too at: http//www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sankaranarayanan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon 69008, France.
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