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Athanasiou A, Charalambous M, Anastasiou T, Aggeli K, Soteriades ES. Preoperative and postoperative administration of vitamin C in cardiac surgery patients - settings, dosages, duration, and clinical outcomes: a narrative review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3591-3607. [PMID: 38846824 PMCID: PMC11152825 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin capable of directly donating electrons to reactive oxygen species, attenuating electrical remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery (CS), considered one of the most effective defenses against free radicals in the blood, thus being one of the first antioxidants consumed during oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to assess the effects of perioperative administration of vitamin C in CS patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in order to identify prospective cohort studies and/or randomized controlled trials reporting on the perioperative effects of vitamin C among adult patients undergoing CS. Studies published between January 1980 to December 2022 were included in our search, resulting in a total of 31 articles that met all our inclusion criteria. There seems to be a beneficial effect of vitamin C supplementation in arrhythmias such as in postoperative atrial fibrillation, reduction of ICU length of stay, and hospital length of stay, reduction in postoperative ventilation time, in inotropic demand, and in postoperative fatigue. Vitamin C can act as a scavenger of free radicals to decrease the peroxidation of the lipids present in the cell membrane, and to protect the myocardium postoperatively from ischemia/reperfusion injury, thus attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. It represents a readily available and cost-effective strategy that could improve the outcome of patients undergoing CS, by reducing the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse events, both perioperatively and postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Konstantina Aggeli
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippocrates’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elpidoforos S. Soteriades
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics and Management, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Environmental Health, Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Al-Sowayan NS, Abdullah Almarzougi R. Vitamin E reduces oxidative stress in brains of male albino male rats undergoing immobilization. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103900. [PMID: 38173441 PMCID: PMC10761899 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress can lead to various health problems. Exposure to stress is linked to several diseases including cancer, hypertension, diabetes, mental disorders, and heart attacks. Stress stimulates several pathways that produce free radicals, which increases oxidative stress. This results in functional and structural damage to organs, such as the brain, which is highly sensitive to oxidative stress Vitamin E is a naturally occurring potent antioxidant used for various purposes. The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate how vitamin E protects the brain and to what extent it affects antioxidant levels in rats subjected to two hours per day of immobilization stress, the form of stress with the strongest effect. The rats were immobilized by folding their limbs in and wrapping them in netting to prevent movement, while allowing their tails to be extended. The rats were then hung upside down. The effect of vitamin E was tested by intraperitoneally injecting rats with 40 mg/kg of vitamin E daily. Oxidative stress parameters were determined at the completion of the experiment. A dramatic decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and an increase in catalase (CAT), including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), has been shown by vitamin E in the brain. The effects of vitamin E were significantly higher in the acute and chronic stress groups than in the control group. Vitamin E can decrease oxidative stress in stressed rats, indicating that it exerts therapeutic and protective effects owing to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reem Abdullah Almarzougi
- Master Student and Biology Department, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Lillo-Moya J, Rojas-Solé C, Muñoz-Salamanca D, Panieri E, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Targeting Ferroptosis against Ischemia/Reperfusion Cardiac Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050667. [PMID: 33922912 PMCID: PMC8145541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Primarily, ischemia causes decreased oxygen supply, resulting in damage of the cardiac tissue. Naturally, reoxygenation has been recognized as the treatment of choice to recover blood flow through primary percutaneous coronary intervention. This treatment is the gold standard therapy to restore blood flow, but paradoxically it can also induce tissue injury. A number of different studies in animal models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) suggest that ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) accounts for up to 50% of the final myocardial infarct size. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathological process. Iron is an essential mineral required for a variety of vital biological functions but also has potentially toxic effects. A detrimental process induced by free iron is ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic type of programmed cell death. Accordingly, efforts to prevent ferroptosis in pathological settings have focused on the use of radical trapping antioxidants (RTAs), such as liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1). Hence, it is necessary to develop novel strategies to prevent cardiac IRI, thus improving the clinical outcome in patients with ischemic heart disease. The present review analyses the role of ferroptosis inhibition to prevent heart IRI, with special reference to Lip-1 as a promising drug in this clinicopathological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lillo-Moya
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (J.L.-M.); (C.R.-S.); (D.M.-S.)
| | - Catalina Rojas-Solé
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (J.L.-M.); (C.R.-S.); (D.M.-S.)
| | - Diego Muñoz-Salamanca
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (J.L.-M.); (C.R.-S.); (D.M.-S.)
| | - Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer“, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer“, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (J.L.-M.); (C.R.-S.); (D.M.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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Sotomayor CG, Bustos NI, Yepes-Calderon M, Arauna D, de Borst MH, Berger SP, Rodrigo R, Dullaart RPF, Navis GJ, Bakker SJL. Plasma Vitamin C and Risk of Late Graft Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results of the TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:631. [PMID: 33919075 PMCID: PMC8143099 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that depletion of vitamin C is frequent in outpatient kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and that vitamin C is inversely associated with risk of death. Whether plasma vitamin C is associated with death-censored kidney graft failure remains unknown. We investigated KTR who participated in the TransplantLines Insulin Resistance and Inflammation Biobank and Cohort Study. The primary outcome was graft failure (restart of dialysis or re-transplantation). Overall and stratified (pinteraction < 0.1) multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses are presented here. Among 598 KTR (age 51 ± 12 years-old; 55% males), baseline median (IQR) plasma vitamin C was 44.0 (31.0-55.3) µmol/L. Through a median follow-up of 9.5 (IQR, 6.3‒10.2) years, 75 KTR developed graft failure (34, 26, and 15 events over increasing tertiles of vitamin C, log-rank p < 0.001). Plasma vitamin C was inversely associated with risk of graft failure (HR per 1-SD increment, 0.69; 95% CI 0.54-0.89; p = 0.004), particularly among KTR with triglycerides ≥1.9 mmol/L (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.30-0.70; p < 0.001; pinteraction = 0.01) and among KTR with HDL cholesterol ≥0.91 mmol/L (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.38-0.84; p = 0.01; pinteraction = 0.04). These findings remained materially unchanged in multivariable-adjusted analyses (donor, recipient, and transplant characteristics, including estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria), were consistent in categorical analyses according to tertiles of plasma vitamin C, and robust after exclusion of outliers. Plasma vitamin C in outpatient KTR is inversely associated with risk of late graft failure. Whether plasma vitamin C‒targeted therapeutic strategies represent novel opportunities to ease important burden of graft failure necessitates further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo G. Sotomayor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.Y.-C.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.); (S.J.L.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8330033 Santiago, Chile; (N.I.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Nicolas I. Bustos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8330033 Santiago, Chile; (N.I.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Manuela Yepes-Calderon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.Y.-C.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Diego Arauna
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile;
| | - Martin H. de Borst
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.Y.-C.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Stefan P. Berger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.Y.-C.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8330033 Santiago, Chile; (N.I.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Gerjan J. Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.Y.-C.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.Y.-C.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.); (S.J.L.B.)
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Lin J, Wang L. Oxidative Stress in Oocytes and Embryo Development: Implications for In Vitro Systems. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 34:1394-1406. [PMID: 33115254 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: To improve the outcomes of in vitro culture of human oocytes and embryos, the dynamic balance and roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in folliculogenesis and embryo development merit further consideration. Recent Advances: ROS have been demonstrated to participate in various signaling processes and act as mediators in various physiological events in germ cells. An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants seems to explain the high failure rate of assisted reproduction. Critical Issues: Oxidative stress induced by excessive ROS or insufficient antioxidant protection can cause detrimental effects on both male and female reproduction. In this study, oxidative stress in folliculogenesis and embryo development are summarized and the multiple modifiable factors of in vitro culture systems in relation to ROS are discussed. Future Directions: More studies are needed to establish an optimal redox state in in vitro culture systems for human oocytes and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Borodina I, Kenny LC, McCarthy CM, Paramasivan K, Pretorius E, Roberts TJ, van der Hoek SA, Kell DB. The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:190-217. [PMID: 32051057 PMCID: PMC7653990 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual thio-histidine betaine amino acid that has potent antioxidant activities. It is synthesised by a variety of microbes, especially fungi (including in mushroom fruiting bodies) and actinobacteria, but is not synthesised by plants and animals who acquire it via the soil and their diet, respectively. Animals have evolved a highly selective transporter for it, known as solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4) in humans, signifying its importance, and ERG may even have the status of a vitamin. ERG accumulates differentially in various tissues, according to their expression of SLC22A4, favouring those such as erythrocytes that may be subject to oxidative stress. Mushroom or ERG consumption seems to provide significant prevention against oxidative stress in a large variety of systems. ERG seems to have strong cytoprotective status, and its concentration is lowered in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. It has been passed as safe by regulatory agencies, and may have value as a nutraceutical and antioxidant more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise C. Kenny
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL8 7SS, UK
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kalaivani Paramasivan
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Roberts
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
| | - Steven A. van der Hoek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
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African Vegetables ( Clerodendrum volibile Leaf and Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extracts) Effectively Mitigate Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9535426. [PMID: 33178389 PMCID: PMC7644299 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9535426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab (TZM) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that has been approved for the clinical management of HER2-positive metastatic breast and gastric cancers but its use is limited by its cumulative dose and off-target cardiotoxicity. Unfortunately, till date, there is no approved antidote to this off-target toxicity. Therefore, an acute study was designed at investigating the protective potential and mechanism(s) of CVE and IGE in TZM-induced cardiotoxicity utilizing cardiac enzyme and oxidative stress markers and histopathological endpoints. 400 mg/kg/day CVE and IGE dissolved in 5% DMSO in sterile water were investigated in Wistar rats injected with 2.25 mg/kg/day/i.p. route of TZM for 7 days, using serum cTnI and LDH, complete lipid profile, cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers assays, and histopathological examination of TZM-intoxicated heart tissue. Results showed that 400 mg/kg/day CVE and IGE profoundly attenuated increases in the serum cTnI and LDH levels but caused no significant alterations in the serum lipids and weight gain pattern in the treated rats. CVE and IGE profoundly attenuated alterations in the cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers' activities while improving TZM-associated cardiac histological lesions. These results suggest that CVE and IGE could be mediating its cardioprotection via antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and antithrombotic mechanisms, thus, highlighting the therapeutic potentials of CVE and IGE in the management of TZM-mediated cardiotoxicity.
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Crisol M, Wu K, Laouar L, Elliott JAW, Jomha NM. Antioxidant additives reduce reactive oxygen species production in articular cartilage during exposure to cryoprotective agents. Cryobiology 2020; 96:114-121. [PMID: 32777334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of cryoprotective agents (CPA) are required during articular cartilage cryopreservation but these CPAs can be toxic to chondrocytes. Reactive oxygen species have been linked to cell death due to oxidative stress. Addition of antioxidants has shown beneficial effects on chondrocyte survival and functions after cryopreservation. The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) oxidative stress experienced by chondrocytes and (2) the effect of antioxidants on cellular reactive oxygen species production during articular cartilage exposure to high concentrations of CPAs. Porcine cartilage dowels were exposed to a multi-CPA solution supplemented with either 0.1 mg/mL chondroitin sulfate or 2000 μM ascorbic acid, at 4 °C for 180 min (N = 7). Reactive oxygen species production was measured with 5 μM dihydroethidium, a fluorescent probe that targets reactive oxygen species. The cell viability was quantified with a dual cell membrane integrity stain containing 6.25 μM Syto 13 + 9 μM propidium iodide using confocal microscopy. Supplementation of CPA solutions with chondroitin sulfate or ascorbic acid resulted in significantly lower dihydroethidium counts (p < 0.01), and a lower decrease in the percentage of viable cells (p < 0.01) compared to the CPA-treated group without additives. These results indicated that reactive oxygen species production is induced when articular cartilage is exposed to high CPA concentrations, and correlated with the amount of dead cells. Both chondroitin sulfate and ascorbic acid treatments significantly reduced reactive oxygen species production and improved chondrocyte viability when articular cartilage was exposed to high concentrations of CPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Crisol
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kezhou Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Leila Laouar
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nadr M Jomha
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Chen KH, Wang SF, Wang SY, Yang YP, Wang ML, Chiou SH, Chang YL. Pharmacological development of the potential adjuvant therapeutic agents against coronavirus disease 2019. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:817-821. [PMID: 32568969 PMCID: PMC7434021 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, also called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) outbreak accelerates, vigorous and diverse efforts were made in developing treatment strategies. In addition to direct acting agents, increasing evidence showed some potential adjuvant therapies with promising efficacy against COVID-19. These therapies include immunomodulators (i.e. intravenous immunoglobulin, thymosin α-1, interleukin [IL]-6, tocilizumab, cyclosporine, thalidomide, fingolimod), Chinese medicines (i.e. glycyrrhizin, baicalin, Xuebijing), anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (bevacizumab), estrogen modulating drugs, statins, and nutritional supplements (i.e. vitamins A, B, C, D, E and zinc). This article reviewed the pharmacological development of potential adjuvants for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Szu-Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Address correspondence. Dr. Yuh-Lih Chang, Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. Email address: (Y.-L. Chang)
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Ferreira RC, Fragoso MBT, Bueno NB, Goulart MOF, de Oliveira ACM. Oxidative stress markers in preeclamptic placentas: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Placenta 2020; 99:89-100. [PMID: 32763617 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress (OS) is the basis of several diseases. Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic syndrome, considered one of the major causes of maternal and fetal mortality. The placenta is considered the main anatomical pathogenetic substrate for the disease, being the placental OS a likely critical pathway in the pathogenesis of PE. This meta-analysis aimed to verify whether there is OS in the preeclamptic placenta and which markers are altered in this condition. METHODS The search was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Lilacs and Scopus. Relevant studies were identified until May 2020. The quality of the studies was evaluated according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS From the 3998 screened records, 43 were finally included in the systematic review, and 23 in the meta-analysis. The biomarkers evaluated were related to cell and macromolecules' damage, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), lipid peroxides, isoprostane, total oxidant status (TOS), carbonylated proteins and some of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), like hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide. It was also related to antioxidant activity, both enzymatic, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase and total antioxidant status, and non-enzymatic, through quantification of reduced glutathione, vitamin C and E, zinc and copper. CONCLUSION It was observed that there was OS in the preeclamptic placentas, based on results, like lower activity of some of the enzymes of the antioxidant system (SOD and GPx) as well as the increase in oxidative damage markers (MDA and lipid peroxide), corroborating literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Costa Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (ICBS/UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Faculdade de Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (FANUT/UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (ICBS/UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil; Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia (IQB/UFAL); Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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Kayhan Kuştepe E, Bahar L, Zayman E, Sucu N, Gül S, Gül M. A light microscopic investigation of the renoprotective effects of α-lipoic acid and α-tocopherol in an experimental diabetic rat model. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:305-316. [PMID: 32013590 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1695942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of α-lipoic acid (AL) and α-tocopherol (AT) on renal histopathology in a streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model. Adult male rats were divided into six groups: group 1, saline only; group 2, AL only; group 3, AT only; group 4, STZ only; group 5, STZ + AL; group 6 STZ + AT. Experimental diabetes was induced by STZ. AL and AT were administered for 15 days. Kidney sections were examined using a light microscope after hematoxylin and eosin (H & E), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and caspase-3 staining. Histological damage to glomeruli, tubule epithelial cells and basement membrane was observed in group 4. Administration of AT and AL reduced renal injury in the diabetic rats. Group 5 exhibited a greater curative effect on diabetic rats than group 6. AT and AL may be useful for preventing diabetic renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kayhan Kuştepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Leyla Bahar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Emrah Zayman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nehir Sucu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Semir Gül
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gül
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Verma MK, Jaiswal A, Sharma P, Kumar P, Singh AN. Oxidative stress and biomarker of TNF-α, MDA and FRAP in hypertension. J Med Life 2019; 12:253-259. [PMID: 31666827 PMCID: PMC6814874 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2019-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent with the misbalance of oxidizing agents and antioxidants, high blood pressure is a major physical burden condition in the current scenario. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Tumor necrosis factor-α, inhibitor improves clinical symptoms however their outcome on high blood pressure has not been investigated. We investigated the inflammatory marker TNF-α, malondialdehyde (MDA) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in hypertensive patients. We measured randomly blood pressure using an ambulatory observe in hypertensive patients, measured systolic BP X 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP X 90 mmHg were considered hypertensive. Total 60 cases were considered in the study that involves 30 hypertensive patients and 30 normal control. Measurements of serum concentrations of TNF-α, MDA, FRAP in hypertension patients was done in both the groups. Serum TNF-α was found to be remarkably increased in study subjects as compared to normal group (r=0.32, p<0.0001*). Serum MDA was also raised in hypertensive as compared to control (r=0.99**, p<0.0001*). While Serum FRAP was found to be decreased in hypertensive group in comparison to healthy control (r=0.23, p<0.0001*). It is concluded that high blood pressure leads to generation of oxidative stress with remarkable elevation of TNF-α and malondialdehyde levels. While reduced FRAP indicates its probable role in lipid peroxidation and in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anoop Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, India
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College and Hospital (Santosh University), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College and Hospital (Santosh University), Ghaziabad, India
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Gacitúa TA, Sotomayor CG, Groothof D, Eisenga MF, Pol RA, de Borst MH, Gans RO, Berger SP, Rodrigo R, Navis GJ, Bakker SJ. Plasma Vitamin C and Cancer Mortality in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2064. [PMID: 31771233 PMCID: PMC6947225 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a changing trend in mortality causes in kidney transplant recipients (KTR), with a decline in deaths due to cardiovascular causes along with a relative increase in cancer mortality rates. Vitamin C, a well-known antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and immune system enhancement properties, could offer protection against cancer. We aimed to investigate the association of plasma vitamin C with long-term cancer mortality in a cohort of stable outpatient KTR without history of malignancies other than cured skin cancer. Primary and secondary endpoints were cancer and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. We included 598 KTR (mean age 51 ± 12 years old, 55% male). Mean (SD) plasma vitamin C was 44 ± 20 μmol/L. At a median follow-up of 7.0 (IQR, 6.2-7.5) years, 131 patients died, of which 24% deaths were due to cancer. In Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, vitamin C was inversely associated with cancer mortality (HR 0.50; 95%CI 0.34-0.74; P < 0.001), independent of potential confounders, including age, smoking status and immunosuppressive therapy. In secondary analyses, vitamin C was not associated with cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.16; 95%CI 0.83-1.62; P = 0.40). In conclusion, plasma vitamin C is inversely associated with cancer mortality risk in KTR. These findings underscore that relatively low circulating plasma vitamin C may be a meaningful as yet overlooked modifiable risk factor of cancer mortality in KTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás A. Gacitúa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.A.G.); (D.G.); (M.F.E.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.)
| | - Camilo G. Sotomayor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.A.G.); (D.G.); (M.F.E.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.)
| | - Dion Groothof
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.A.G.); (D.G.); (M.F.E.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.)
| | - Michele F. Eisenga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.A.G.); (D.G.); (M.F.E.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.)
| | - Robert A. Pol
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Martin H. de Borst
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.A.G.); (D.G.); (M.F.E.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.)
| | - Rijk O.B. Gans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.A.G.); (D.G.); (M.F.E.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.)
| | - Stefan P. Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.A.G.); (D.G.); (M.F.E.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.)
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, CP 8380453 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Gerjan J. Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.A.G.); (D.G.); (M.F.E.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.)
| | - Stephan J.L. Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.A.G.); (D.G.); (M.F.E.); (M.H.d.B.); (S.P.B.); (G.J.N.)
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Shafi S, Ansari HR, Bahitham W, Aouabdi S. The Impact of Natural Antioxidants on the Regenerative Potential of Vascular Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:28. [PMID: 30968031 PMCID: PMC6439348 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in technology, the impact of natural antioxidants on vascular cell regeneration is attracting enormous attention as many current studies are now exploring the clinical potential of antioxidants in regenerative medicine. Natural antioxidants are an important step for improving future treatment and prevention of various diseases such as cardiovascular, cancer, neurodegenerative, and diabetes. The use of natural antioxidants which have effects on several types of stem cells with the potential to differentiate into functional endothelium and smooth muscle cells (known as vascular progenitors) for vascular regeneration might override pharmaceutical and surgical treatments. The natural antioxidant systems comprise of several components present in fruits, vegetables, legumes, medicinal plants, and other animal-derived products that interact with reactive free radicals such as oxygen and nitrogen species to neutralize their oxidative damaging effects on vascular cells. Neutralization by antioxidants involves the breaking down of the oxidative cascade chain reactions in the cell membranes in order to fine-tune the free radical levels. The effect of natural antioxidants on vascular regeneration includes restoration or establishment of new vascular structures and functions. In this review, we highlight the significant effects of natural antioxidants on modulating vascular cells to regenerate vessels, as well as possible mechanisms of action and the potential therapeutic benefits on health. The role of antioxidants in regenerating vessels may be critical for the future of regenerative medicine in terms of the maintenance of the normal functioning of vessels and the prevention of multiple vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Shafi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hifzur Rahman Ansari
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam Bahitham
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sihem Aouabdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Li C, Li Y, Zhao Z, Lv Y, Gu B, Zhao L. Aerobic exercise regulates synaptic transmission and reactive oxygen species production in the paraventricular nucleus of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Res 2019; 1712:82-92. [PMID: 30735639 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise lowers blood pressure in patients with hypertension, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a key role in the control of sympathetic outflow and cardiovascular tone. We examined whether chronic aerobic exercise altered synaptic transmission and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the PVN. In the present study, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were subjected to exercise training for 8 weeks, five times per week, with Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats as the cohort control. Miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs and mIPSCs) were recorded from the PVN in ex vivo hypothalamic slice preparations obtained after the last training, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and physical indexes were observed. The mean frequency and amplitude, as well as the rise time and the decay time constant of mIPSCs, significantly decreased in 20-wk-old SHRs compared to WKY 20-wk-old controls. In contrast to mIPSCs, only the mean mEPSC frequency was higher, and there were no other changes in mEPSCs in comparison to the control group. SHRs exhibited higher ROS, 8-OHdG, and MDA; and lower SOD1, SOD2, CAT, Ogg1, and SOD and CAT activity in the PVN. These SHRs also had a significant increase in heart rate, blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity, and higher levels of norepinephrine (NE). Exercise training ameliorated all these abnormalities, resulting in an increase in the mean frequency, amplitude and kinetics of mIPSCs, accompanied by a decrease in the mean frequency of mEPSCs in the PVN. This study demonstrates that moderate intensity, high frequency exercise training induces a selective enhancement of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the PVN, which may dampen sympathetic activity and reduce blood pressure in hypertension. These changes may be due to antioxidant-related adaptations in the PVNs of SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Zhao
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Gu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Singh A, Verma M, Jaiswal A, Sharma P, Kumar P. Oxidative stress and biomarker of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in hypertension. ACTA MEDICA INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ami.ami_34_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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18
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Marino A, Tonda-Turo C, De Pasquale D, Ruini F, Genchi G, Nitti S, Cappello V, Gemmi M, Mattoli V, Ciardelli G, Ciofani G. Gelatin/nanoceria nanocomposite fibers as antioxidant scaffolds for neuronal regeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:386-395. [PMID: 27864151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The design of efficient nerve conduits able to sustain the axonal outgrowth and its guidance towards appropriate targets is of paramount importance in nerve tissue engineering. METHODS In this work, we propose the preparation of highly aligned nanocomposite fibers of gelatin/cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria), prepared by electrospinning. Nanoceria are powerful self-regenerative antioxidant nanomaterials, that behave as strong reactive oxygen species scavengers, and among various beneficial effects, they have been proven to inhibit the cell senescence and to promote the neurite sprouting. RESULTS After a detailed characterization of the developed substrates, they have been tested on neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells, demonstrating strong antioxidant properties and beneficial multi-cue effects in terms of neurite development and alignment. CONCLUSIONS Obtained findings suggest efficiency of the proposed substrates in providing combined topographical stimuli and antioxidant effects to cultured cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Proposed nanocomposite scaffolds represent a promising approach for nerve tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Marino
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
| | - Chiara Tonda-Turo
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele De Pasquale
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Francesca Ruini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Giada Genchi
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Simone Nitti
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Reis JF, Monteiro VVS, de Souza Gomes R, do Carmo MM, da Costa GV, Ribera PC, Monteiro MC. Action mechanism and cardiovascular effect of anthocyanins: a systematic review of animal and human studies. J Transl Med 2016; 14:315. [PMID: 27846846 PMCID: PMC5111351 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are an important cause of death worldwide. Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoids found in berries, flowers, fruits and leaves. In epidemiological and clinical studies, these polyphenols have been associated with improved cardiovascular risk profiles as well as decreased comorbidities. Human intervention studies using berries, vegetables, parts of plants and cereals (either fresh or as juice) or purified anthocyanin-rich extracts have demonstrated significant improvements in low density lipoproteins oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity, and dyslipidemia as well as reduced levels of CVD molecular biomarkers. This review discusses the use of anthocyanins in animal models and their applications in human medicine, as dietary supplements or as new potent drugs against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordano Ferreira Reis
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaelli de Souza Gomes
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Moraes do Carmo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Glauber Vilhena da Costa
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Paula Cardoso Ribera
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
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20
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Khodaeian M, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Qorbani M, Farzadfar F, Amini P, Larijani B. Effect of vitamins C and E on insulin resistance in diabetes: a meta-analysis study. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:1161-74. [PMID: 26313310 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the effect of vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) supplementation on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are controversial. We aimed to systematically review the current data on this topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted to assess the effect of VC and/or VE on insulin resistance in diabetes published in Google Scholar and PubMed web databases until January 2014 were included. Exclusion criteria were studies conducted in animal, type 1 DM, children or pregnant women. Main outcome measure was insulin resistance by homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index. According to degree of heterogeneity, fixed- or random-effect model was employed by stata software (11.0). RESULTS We selected 14 RCTs involving 735 patients with T2DM. VE or mixture-mode supplementation did not have any significant effect on HOMA with a standardized mean difference (SMD): 0·017, 95% CI: -0·376 to 0·411 (P = 0·932); and SMD: -0·035, 95% CI: -0·634 to 0·025 (P = 0·070), respectively, by random-effect model. VC supplement alone did not improve insulin resistance with a SMD: -0·150, 95% CI: -0·494 to 0·194 (P = 0·391), by fixed-effect model. Meta-regression test demonstrated that HOMA index may have not been influenced by the year of publication, dosage or duration of treatment. CONCLUSIONS The sole intake of VC, VE or their combination with other antioxidants could not improve insulin resistance in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Khodaeian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Amini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Boisramé-Helms J, Meziani F, Sananès N, Boisramé T, Langer B, Schneider F, Ragot T, Andriantsitohaina R, Tesse A. Detrimental arterial inflammatory effect of microparticles circulating in preeclamptic women: ex vivo evaluation in human arteries. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boisramé-Helms
- Service de Réanimation Médicale; Nouvel Hôpital Civil; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- EA 7293; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS); Faculté de Pharmacie; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Ferhat Meziani
- Service de Réanimation Médicale; Nouvel Hôpital Civil; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- EA 7293; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS); Faculté de Pharmacie; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Nicolas Sananès
- Service de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas Boisramé
- Service de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Bruno Langer
- Service de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Francis Schneider
- Service de Réanimation Médicale; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Thierry Ragot
- CNRS UMR 8203; Gustave Roussy; PR2 114 rue Edouard Vaillant 94805 Villejuif France
| | | | - Angela Tesse
- Inserm UMR S1087/CNRS UMR 629; L'institut du Thorax; IRS-UN; 8 Quai Moncousu BP 70721 Nantes 44008 France
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Ascorbic acid and protein glycation in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:154-62. [PMID: 26163454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of ascorbic acid (AA) in vitro in the absence and in the presence of cell-dependent recycling. In a cell-free system, AA enhanced glycoxidation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by glucose and induced BSA glycation in the absence of sugars. On the other hand, AA did not affect erythrocyte hemolysis, glycation of hemoglobin and erythrocyte membranes, and inactivation of catalase, protected against inactivation of acetylcholinesterase of erythrocytes incubated with high glucose concentrations and enhanced the loss of glutathione. These results can be explained by assumption that AA acts as a proglycating agent in the absence of recycling while is an antiglycating agent when metabolic recycling occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, PL 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, PL 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Kasote DM, Katyare SS, Hegde MV, Bae H. Significance of antioxidant potential of plants and its relevance to therapeutic applications. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:982-91. [PMID: 26157352 PMCID: PMC4495415 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been identified as the root cause of the development and progression of several diseases. Supplementation of exogenous antioxidants or boosting endogenous antioxidant defenses of the body is a promising way of combating the undesirable effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative damage. Plants have an innate ability to biosynthesize a wide range of non-enzymatic antioxidants capable of attenuating ROS- induced oxidative damage. Several in vitro methods have been used to screen plants for their antioxidant potential, and in most of these assays they revealed potent antioxidant activity. However, prior to confirming their in vivo therapeutic efficacy, plant antioxidants have to pass through several physiopharmacological processes. Consequently, the findings of in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential assessment studies are not always the same. Nevertheless, the results of in vitro assays have been irrelevantly extrapolated to the therapeutic application of plant antioxidants without undertaking sufficient in vivo studies. Therefore, we have briefly reviewed the physiology and redox biology of both plants and humans to improve our understanding of plant antioxidants as therapeutic entities. The applications and limitations of antioxidant activity measurement assays were also highlighted to identify the precise path to be followed for future research in the area of plant antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak M. Kasote
- 1. School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Surendra S. Katyare
- 2. Center for Innovation in Nutrition Health Diseases, IRSHA, Medical College Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde
- 2. Center for Innovation in Nutrition Health Diseases, IRSHA, Medical College Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hanhong Bae
- 1. School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
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Motaghinejad M, Karimian SM, Motaghinejad O, Shabab B, Asadighaleni M, Fatima S. The effect of various morphine weaning regimens on the sequelae of opioid tolerance involving physical dependency, anxiety and hippocampus cell neurodegeneration in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 29:299-309. [PMID: 25846801 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic consumption of morphine induces physical dependency, anxiety, and neurodegeneration. In this study, morphine on its own has been used for the management of morphine-induced dependency, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into six groups. Rats in groups 1-5 were made morphine dependent by an increasing manner of morphine for 7 days (15-45 mg/kg). For the next 14 days, morphine was administered using the following regimen: (i) once daily 45 mg/kg (positive controls), (ii) the same dose at additional intervals (6 h longer than the previous intervals each time), (iii) 45 mg/kg of morphine at irregular intervals like of 12, 24, 36 h, (iv) decreasing dose once daily (every time 2.5 mg/kg less than the former dosage). Group 5 received 45 mg/kg of morphine and 10 mg/kg of SOD mimetic agent (M40401) injection per day. Group 6 (negative control) received saline solution only. On day 22, all animals received naloxone (3 mg/kg) and their Total Withdrawal Index (TWI) and blood cortisol levels were measured. After drug treatment, hippocampus cells were isolated, and oxidative, antioxidative, and apoptotic factors were evaluated. Various regimens of morphine reduced TWI, cortisol levels, Bax activity, caspase-3, caspase-9, TNF-α, and IL-1β and lipid peroxidation. In all treatment groups, GSH level, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and Bcl-2 activity were significantly increased. Furthermore, SOD mimetic agent c diminished morphine effect on SOD activity. Thus, varying the dosage regimen of morphine can reduce the severity of morphine-induced dependency and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Motaghinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Karimian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Motaghinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Shabab
- Solid Dosage Form Department, Iran Hormone Pharmaceuticals Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Asadighaleni
- Solid Dosage Form Department, Iran Hormone Pharmaceuticals Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sulail Fatima
- Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences- International Campus, Tehran, Iran
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Fan XH, Shi WZ, Cheng YX, Yang XF. Effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on antioxidant and drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:449-54. [PMID: 24969526 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) on the antioxidant enzymes and drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. METHOD Following treatment of rats with BYHWD at 6.42, 12.83, or 25.66 g·kg(-1) per day for 15 days, microsomes and cytosols isolated from the liver tissues were prepared by differential centrifugation according to standard procedures. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes and cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, CYP3A, CYP2E1, UGT, and GST of the rat livers were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. RESULTS The activities of ALT, AST, antioxidant enzymes, and the Hepatosomatic Index in serum were not significantly affected. In cytosols, the activity of CAT was significantly increased at the dosage of 12.83 g·kg(-1), and all the other antioxidant activities and MDA levels were not affected by this treatment. BYHWD had no effect on cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, CYP3A, and UGT. At the highest dose (25.66 g·kg(-1)), the activity of CYP2E1 was significantly inhibited, and the activities of GST and the level of GSH were increased. CONCLUSION BYHWD is safe for the liver, and has the functions of detoxification and antioxidant. Patients should be cautioned about the herb-drug interaction of BYHWD and CYP2E1 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hua Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China; Department of pharmacy, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Wei-Zhou Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China.
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González J, Valls N, Brito R, Rodrigo R. Essential hypertension and oxidative stress: New insights. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:353-366. [PMID: 24976907 PMCID: PMC4072825 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i6.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential hypertension is a highly prevalent pathological condition that is considered as one of the most relevant cardiovascular risk factors and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Despite the fact that mechanisms underlying hypertension are not yet fully elucidated, a large amount of evidence shows that oxidative stress plays a central role in its pathophysiology. Oxidative stress can be defined as an imbalance between oxidant agents, such as superoxide anion, and antioxidant molecules, and leads to a decrease in nitric oxide bioavailability, which is the main factor responsible for maintaining the vascular tone. Several vasoconstrictor peptides, such as angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and urotensin II, act through their receptors to stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species, by activating enzymes like NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase. The knowledge of the mechanism described above has allowed generating new therapeutic strategies against hypertension based on the use of antioxidants agents, including vitamin C and E, N-Acetylcysteine, polyphenols and selenium, among others. These substances have different therapeutic targets, but all represent antioxidant reinforcement. Several clinical trials using antioxidants have been made. The aim of the present review is to provide new insights about the key role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension and new clinical attempts to demonstrate the usefulness of antioxidant therapy in the treatment of hypertension.
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Barbosa KBF, Volp ACP, Marques-Rocha JL, Ribeiro SMR, Navarro-Blasco I, Zulet MÁ, Martínez JA, Bressan J. Modulators of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in healthy adults: an observational study. Redox Rep 2014; 19:251-8. [PMID: 24949651 DOI: 10.1179/1351000214y.0000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential modulators of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in young and apparently healthy individuals. One hundred one individuals (53 women and 48 men) were evaluated for anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, clinical, dietary, and endogenous and exogenous components of the antioxidant defense system. Statistical analysis was performed to detect differences among subjects by the median of GPx activity. A linear regression model and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to screen the associations between GPx activity and interest variables. Individuals with higher GPx enzymatic activity were older and higher circulating levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) values, but conversely lower nail concentrations of selenium and copper (P < 0.05). The GPx activity was positively correlated to truncal fat percentage values (r = 0.24, P = 0.016), circulating levels of ox-LDL (r = 0.28, P = 0.004), and daily vitamin C intake (r = 0.28, P = 0.007), and negatively correlated to the nail concentration of selenium (r = -0.24, P = 0.026). Interesting, it was noticed that the truncal fat percentage and circulating levels of ox-LDL explained 5.9 and 7.4% of the GPx enzymatic activity. Thus, preventive measures such as adequate antioxidant intake and proper fat percentage would be a priority in the nutritional care of young and apparently healthy individuals.
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Rodrigo R, Hasson D, Prieto JC, Dussaillant G, Ramos C, León L, Gárate J, Valls N, Gormaz JG. The effectiveness of antioxidant vitamins C and E in reducing myocardial infarct size in patients subjected to percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PREVEC Trial): study protocol for a pilot randomized double-blind controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:192. [PMID: 24885600 PMCID: PMC4050098 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress has been involved in the ischemia-reperfusion injury in AMI. It has been suggested that reperfusion accounts for up to 50% of the final size of a myocardial infarct, a part of the damage likely to be prevented.Therefore, we propose that antioxidant reinforcement through vitamins C and E supplementation should protect against the ischemia-reperfusion damage, thus decreasing infarct size.The PREVEC Trial (Prevention of reperfusion damage associated with percutaneous coronary angioplasty following acute myocardial infarction) seeks to evaluate whether antioxidant vitamins C and E reduce infarct size in patients subjected to percutaneous coronary angioplasty after AMI. METHODS/DESIGN This is a randomized, 1:1, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.The study takes place at two centers in Chile: University of Chile Clinical Hospital and San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital.The subjects will be 134 adults with acute myocardial infarction with indication for percutaneous coronary angioplasty.This intervention is being performed as a pilot study, involving high-dose vitamin C infusion plus oral administration of vitamin E (Vitamin-treatment group) or placebo (Control group) during the angioplasty procedure. Afterward, the Vitamin-treatment group receives oral doses of vitamins C and E, and the Control group receives placebo for 84 days after coronary angioplasty.Primary outcome is infarct size, assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), measured 6 and 84 days after coronary angioplasty.Secondary outcomes are ejection fraction, measured 6 and 84 days after coronary angioplasty with CMR, and biomarkers for oxidative stress, antioxidant status, heart damage, and inflammation, which will be measured at baseline, at the onset of reperfusion, 6 to 8 hours after revascularization, and at hospital discharge. DISCUSSION The ischemia-reperfusion event occurring during angioplasty is known to increase myocardial infarct size. The cardioprotective benefits of high doses of vitamin C combined with vitamin E have not been fully explored. The PREVEC Trial seeks to determine the suitability of the therapeutic use of vitamins C and E against the reperfusion damage produced during angioplasty.Patient recruitment opened in February 2013. The trial is scheduled to end in March 2016. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN56034553.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Hasson
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Prieto
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Cardiovascular Department, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gastón Dussaillant
- Cardiovascular Department, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Ramos
- Department of Radiology, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucio León
- Cardiovascular Center, San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Gárate
- Cardiovascular Center, San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Valls
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan G Gormaz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Cerium oxide nanoparticles inhibit adipogenesis in rat mesenchymal stem cells: potential therapeutic implications. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2952-62. [PMID: 24805277 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria, NC) have extraordinary antioxidant activity that made them suitable as a therapeutic agent for several diseases where reactive oxygen species (ROS) act by impairing the normal redox balance. Among different functions, it has been proven that ROS are cellular messengers involved in the adipogenesis: we thus investigated the implication of NC administration in the potential inhibition of adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) used as a model of adipogenesis. METHODS We evaluated cytotoxic effects and adipogenic maturation of mesenchymal stem cells following in vitro NC administration, both at gene and at phenotype level. RESULTS Overall, our results demonstrated that NC efficiently inhibit the maturation of MSCs toward adipocytes owing to their ability to reduce the production of the ROS necessary during adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings, even if preliminary, represent an important step toward the potential pharmaceutical application of NC in the treatment of obesity.
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Wallert M, Mosig S, Rennert K, Funke H, Ristow M, Pellegrino RM, Cruciani G, Galli F, Lorkowski S, Birringer M. Long-chain metabolites of α-tocopherol occur in human serum and inhibit macrophage foam cell formation in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:43-51. [PMID: 24296243 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research the physiological role and molecular mechanisms of action of the lipophilic antioxidant α-tocopherol (α-TOH) are still poorly understood. Hepatic α-TOH catabolism results in intermediate formation of the long-chain metabolites (α-LCMs) α-13'-hydroxy- and α-13'-carboxychromanol (α-13'-OH and α-13'-COOH). We propose that α-LCMs have biological functions that need further exploration. Here we report that α-13'-COOH, as detected by LC/MS Q-TOF, occurs in human serum, providing evidence for its systemic bioavailability. Using semisynthetically derived α-LCMs we performed flow cytometric analyses and found that α-LCMs decrease oxidized LDL (oxLDL) uptake (α-13'-OH, 24±6%, α-13'-COOH, 20±5% vs control) and oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation in human macrophages in vitro (α-13'-OH, 26±4%, α-13'-COOH, 21±9% vs oxLDL), probably owing to α-LCM-mediated reduction in phagocytosis of oxLDL (α-13'-OH, 16±6%, α-13'-COOH, 41±3% vs oxLDL). At the same time, α-LCMs induced expression of CD36, the major scavenger receptor for oxLDL, in human macrophages by about 4.5-fold. Blocking experiments provided evidence that α-LCMs influence oxLDL uptake independent of CD36. A key finding of our study is that bioactivity of the α-LCMs occurs at lower concentrations and with mechanisms distinct from those of their metabolic precursor α-TOH. Our findings shed new light on the mechanistic aspects of α-TOH function in macrophages, which seem to be complicated by circulating α-LCMs. We speculate that α-LCMs represent a new class of regulatory metabolites. Further studies are required to elucidate their physiological role and contribution to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wallert
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandy Mosig
- Department of Molecular Hemostaseology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Knut Rennert
- Department of Molecular Hemostaseology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Harald Funke
- Department of Molecular Hemostaseology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Ristow
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Roberto Maria Pellegrino
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Chemoinformatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Chemoinformatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Wallert M, Schmölz L, Galli F, Birringer M, Lorkowski S. Regulatory metabolites of vitamin E and their putative relevance for atherogenesis. Redox Biol 2014; 2:495-503. [PMID: 24624339 PMCID: PMC3949092 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is likely the most important antioxidant in the human diet and α-tocopherol is the most active isomer. α-Tocopherol exhibits anti-oxidative capacity in vitro, and inhibits oxidation of LDL. Beside this, α-tocopherol shows anti-inflammatory activity and modulates expression of proteins involved in uptake, transport and degradation of tocopherols, as well as the uptake, storage and export of lipids such as cholesterol. Despite promising anti-atherogenic features in vitro, vitamin E failed to be atheroprotective in clinical trials in humans. Recent studies highlight the importance of long-chain metabolites of α-tocopherol, which are formed as catabolic intermediate products in the liver and occur in human plasma. These metabolites modulate inflammatory processes and macrophage foam cell formation via mechanisms different than that of their metabolic precursor α-tocopherol and at lower concentrations. Here we summarize the controversial role of vitamin E as a preventive agent against atherosclerosis and point the attention to recent findings that highlight a role of these long-chain metabolites of vitamin E as a proposed new class of regulatory metabolites. We speculate that the metabolites contribute to physiological as well as pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wallert
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmölz
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Galli
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Chemoinformatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Studies, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
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Rodemeister S, Duquesne M, Adolph M, Nohr D, Biesalski HK, Unertl K. Massive and long-lasting decrease in vitamin C plasma levels as a consequence of extracorporeal circulation. Nutrition 2013; 30:673-8. [PMID: 24631388 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is suggested to induce oxidative stress, reflected by an imbalance between prooxidant and antioxidant substances. The majority of studies published have either focused on only one aspect (prooxidant or antioxidant side) or covered only a short observation period. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of CPB on the balance of prooxidative markers and antioxidant substances in one single group of patients, being able to estimate the degree of oxidative stress. METHODS Blood samples were taken from 29 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery beginning the day before surgery through postoperative day 6 (discharge). Plasma concentrations of vitamins C (total ascorbic acid) and E and malondialdehyde were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma levels of ascorbyl free radical were determined using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS The study showed a significant decrease in vitamin C plasma levels during CPB without any recovery of vitamin C up to the time of discharge. Furthermore, CPB induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde plasma concentrations immediately after unclamping, accompanied by a significant increase in the ascorbyl free radical to total ascorbic acid ratio. The latter stayed elevated until the end of observation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the oxidative stress event after CPB can be divided into two phases: Immediately after reperfusion, a massive oxidative stress occurs, reflected by the increase in malondialdehyde. During convalescence, there must be an ongoing situation of oxidative stress, especially in the water-soluble compartment, leading to the consumption of vitamin C. Because the main antioxidant substance, vitamin C, did not increase again over the entire observation period, supplementation should be given consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodemeister
- Institute for Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Mathieu Duquesne
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Nice, service d'anesthésie-réanimation, Nice, France
| | - Michael Adolph
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Donatus Nohr
- Institute for Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans K Biesalski
- Institute for Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Unertl
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Enhanced antioxidant effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Trolox in combination against radiation induced-oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 207:7-15. [PMID: 24211618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combinations of antioxidants are believed to be more effective than single antioxidant because when antioxidants are combined they support each other synergistically to create a magnified effect. Discovering the enhancer effects or synergies between bioactive components is valuable for resisting oxidative stress and improving health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible cooperation of natural antioxidant caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) with synthetic antioxidant Trolox in the model systems of chemical generation of free radicals, lipid peroxidation of microsomes and radiation-induced oxidative injury in L929 cells. Based on the intermolecular interaction between CAPE and Trolox, the present study shows a synergistic effect of CAPE and Trolox in combination on elimination of three different free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation initiated by three different systems. CAPE and Trolox added simultaneously to the L929 cells exerted an enhanced preventive effect on the oxidative injury induced by radiation through decreasing ROS generation, protecting plasma membrane and increasing the ratios of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione and the expression of key antioxidant enzymes mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Our results showed for the first time that administration of CAPE and Trolox in combination may exert synergistic antioxidant effects, and further indicate that CAPE and Trolox combination functions mainly through scavenging ROS directly, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and promoting redox cycle of GSH mediated by Nrf2-regulated glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase expression.
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Dabbagh A, Rajaei S. The role of anesthetic drugs in liver apoptosis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2013; 13:e13162. [PMID: 24069040 PMCID: PMC3782737 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The modern practice of anesthesia is highly dependent ona group of anesthetic drugs which many of them are metabolized in the liver. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The liver, of course, usually tolerates this burden. However, this is not always an unbroken rule. Anesthetic induced apoptosis has gained great concern during the last years; especially considering the neurologic system. RESULTS However, we have evidence that there is some concern regarding their effects on the liver cells. Fortunately not all the anesthetics are blamed and even some could be used safely, based on the available evidence. CONCLUSIONS Besides, there are some novel agents, yet under research, which could affect the future of anesthetic agents' fate regarding their hepatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dabbagh
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ali Dabbagh, Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9121972368, Fax: +98-2122074101, E-mail: ,
| | - Samira Rajaei
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Molecular basis of cardioprotective effect of antioxidant vitamins in myocardial infarction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:437613. [PMID: 23936799 PMCID: PMC3726017 DOI: 10.1155/2013/437613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Major advances in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes and myocardial infarction, using cardiologic interventions, such as thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCA) have improved the clinical outcome of patients. Nevertheless, as a consequence of these procedures, the ischemic zone is reperfused, giving rise to a lethal reperfusion event accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (oxidative stress). These reactive species attack biomolecules such as lipids, DNA, and proteins enhancing the previously established tissue damage, as well as triggering cell death pathways. Studies on animal models of AMI suggest that lethal reperfusion accounts for up to 50% of the final size of a myocardial infarct, a part of the damage likely to be prevented. Although a number of strategies have been aimed at to ameliorate lethal reperfusion injury, up to date the beneficial effects in clinical settings have been disappointing. The use of antioxidant vitamins could be a suitable strategy with this purpose. In this review, we propose a systematic approach to the molecular basis of the cardioprotective effect of antioxidant vitamins in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury that could offer a novel therapeutic opportunity against this oxidative tissue damage.
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Saito K, Kimura S, Saga T, Misonoo Y, Yoshizawa S, Akasaka Y, Ishii T, Kuwano K, Yamaguchi K, Tateda K. Protective effect of procysteine on Acinetobacter pneumonia in hyperoxic conditions. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2305-10. [PMID: 23681269 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in critical care settings. Acinetobacter has become a leading cause of VAP. In particular, the appearance and spread of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter is of great concern. In this study, we examined the effect of the antioxidant procysteine on Acinetobacter murine pneumonia in hyperoxic conditions in order to simulate VAP. METHODS Acinetobacter was administered intranasally to BALB/c mice kept in hyperoxic conditions. At designated timepoints, bacterial number, cytokine production and histopathological findings in the lungs were examined. The effects of procysteine on survival rates, lung bacterial burdens and the phagocytic activities of alveolar macrophages were evaluated. RESULTS Drastic decreases in survival were observed when the infected mice were kept in hyperoxic conditions (P < 0.001). Significant differences in pulmonary bacterial number and neutrophil accumulation were observed between mice kept in hyperoxic or normoxic conditions on day 3. Although all mice infected with Acinetobacter spp. and kept in hyperoxic conditions died by day 3, procysteine treatment significantly improved survival (60% survival on day 7, P < 0.01). Procysteine treatment decreased the lung bacterial burden on days 2 and 3. Finally, improved uptake of FITC-labelled beads by alveolar macrophages from mice treated with procysteine and kept in hyperoxic conditions was noted. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that hyperoxia increases mortality in mice with Acinetobacter pneumonia and that procysteine improves survival by increasing the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages in mice kept in hyperoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Saito
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
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Rodrigo R, Miranda-Merchak A, Valenzuela Grau R, Bachler JP, Vergara L. Modulation of (Na,K)-ATPase activity by membrane fatty acid composition: therapeutic implications in human hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2013; 36:17-26. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2013.783048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Khurana S, Piche M, Hollingsworth A, Venkataraman K, Tai TC. Oxidative stress and cardiovascular health: therapeutic potential of polyphenols. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:198-212. [PMID: 23537433 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in normal cellular function and physiology. However, oxidative stress resulting from an accumulation of ROS has a detrimental impact on cellular function, and ROS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a summary of the impact of ROS on cardiovascular health and diseases, highlighting the therapeutic use of antioxidants. In addition, this review summarizes the health benefits of polyphenols, and the recent progress on understanding the cellular and physiological actions by which polyphenols may impart their beneficial properties on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Anestopoulos I, Kavo A, Tentes I, Kortsaris A, Panayiotidis M, Lazou A, Pappa A. Silibinin protects H9c2 cardiac cells from oxidative stress and inhibits phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy: potential mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:586-94. [PMID: 22818713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is the main response of the heart to various extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli, and it is characterized by specific molecular and phenotypic changes. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies indicate the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the hypertrophic response. In this study, silibinin, a plant flavonolignan extracted from milk thistle with potent antioxidant activity, was evaluated for its effects in (a) preventing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cellular damage and (b) blocking the phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic response. Using the in vitro model of embryonic rat heart-derived H9c2 cells, we showed that silibinin has a rather safe profile as concentrations up to 200μM did not affect cell viability. Pretreatment of H9c2 cells with silibinin resulted in better protection of H9c2 cells under conditions of H2O2-induced cellular stress compared to untreated cells as indicated by cell viability and DNA fragmentation assays. Furthermore, silibinin attenuated the phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic response as evidenced by the measurement of cell surface, up-regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide and increase of cellular protein levels. Moreover, silibinin repressed the phenylephrine-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 kinases, while it appeared to inhibit the weakly activated by phenylephrine phosphorylation of Akt. Based on our results, silibinin may attenuate the phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic response of H9c2 cells via antioxidant mechanisms involving mainly the inhibition of the intracellular signaling pathways mediated by ERK1/2 MAPKs and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
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Vähämiko S, Isolauri E, Poussa T, Laitinen K. The impact of dietary counselling during pregnancy on vitamin intake and status of women and their children. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:551-60. [PMID: 23373762 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.766153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We aimed here to assess the impact of dietary counselling during pregnancy on dietary intake of vitamins and the vitamin status of women and their children. At the first trimester of pregnancy, 89 women from allergic families were randomized to a control group (n = 45) or to receive individual dietary counselling (n = 44). Women's vitamin intakes and serum concentrations were analyzed during and after pregnancy. Further, vitamin concentrations were measured from breast milk and infant serum at one month of age. The study is registered as clinical study (NCT00167000; section 3, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ). Dietary counselling resulted in a higher intake of beta-carotene and vitamin E compared to controls. Further, in women lower serum beta-carotene and higher colostrum vitamin A concentrations were found in the intervention group compared to controls. Dietary counselling during pregnancy improves women's vitamin intakes but does not provide unambiguous effects on vitamin status of women or children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Vähämiko
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, FI 20014, Turku, Finland.
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Purification and characterization of an antioxidant glycoprotein from the hydrolysate of Mustelus griseus. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 52:267-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion by vitamins C and E plus n-3 fatty acids: molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 124:1-15. [PMID: 22963444 DOI: 10.1042/cs20110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in ischaemic heart disease has been thoroughly investigated in humans. Increased levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) have been demonstrated during ischaemia and post-ischaemic reperfusion in humans. Depending on their concentrations, these reactive species can act either as benevolent molecules that promote cell survival (at low-to-moderate concentrations) or can induce irreversible cellular damage and death (at high concentrations). Although high ROS levels can induce NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) activation, inflammation, apoptosis or necrosis, low-to-moderate levels can enhance the antioxidant response, via Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2) activation. However, a clear definition of these concentration thresholds remains to be established. Although a number of experimental studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a major role in heart ischaemia/reperfusion pathophysiology, controlled clinical trials have failed to prove the efficacy of antioxidants in acute or long-term treatments of ischaemic heart disease. Oral doses of vitamin C are not sufficient to promote ROS scavenging and only down-regulate their production via NADPH oxidase, a biological effect shared by vitamin E to abrogate oxidative stress. However, infusion of vitamin C at doses high enough to achieve plasma levels of 10 mmol/l should prevent superoxide production and the pathophysiological cascade of deleterious heart effects. In turn, n-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) exposure leads to enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes. In the present review, we present evidence to support the molecular basis for a novel pharmacological strategy using these antioxidant vitamins plus n-3 PUFAs for cardioprotection in clinical settings, such as post-operative atrial fibrillation, percutaneous coronary intervention following acute myocardial infarction and other events that are associated with ischaemia/reperfusion.
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Maglione M, Cardini B, Oberhuber R, Watschinger K, Jenny M, Gostner J, Hermann M, Obrist P, Margreiter R, Pratschke J, Brandacher G, Werner ER. Prevention of lethal murine pancreas ischemia reperfusion injury is specific for tetrahydrobiopterin. Transpl Int 2012; 25:1084-95. [PMID: 22805419 PMCID: PMC3499685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2012.01530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin has been shown to efficiently abrogate ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). However, it is unclear, whether its beneficial action relies on cofactor activity of one of the five known tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent reactions or on its antioxidative capacity. We therefore compared tetrahydrobiopterin with the pterin derivate tetrahydroneopterin (similar biochemical properties, but no nitric oxide synthase cofactor activity) and the antioxidants vitamin C and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Donor mice were pretreated with tetrahydrobiopterin, tetrahydroneopterin, vitamin C, or 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Pancreatic grafts were subjected to 16-h cold ischemia time and implanted in syngeneic recipients. Untreated and nontransplanted animals served as controls. Following 2-h reperfusion, microcirculation was analyzed by intravital fluorescence microscopy. Graft damage was assessed by histology and nitrotyrosine immunostaining, and tetrahydrobiopterin levels were determined by HPLC. Recipient survival served as ultimate readout. Prolonged cold ischemia time resulted in microcirculatory breakdown. Only tetrahydrobiopterin pretreatment succeeded to preserve the capillary net, whereas all other compounds showed no beneficial effects. Along with increased intragraft tetrahydrobiopterin levels during recovery and implantation, only tetrahydrobiopterin pretreatment led to significant reduction of IRI-related parenchymal damage enabling recipient survival. These results show a striking superiority of tetrahydrobiopterin in preventing lethal IRI compared with related compounds and suggest nitric oxide synthases as treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Maglione
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zhang J, Han X, Li X, Luo Y, Zhao H, Yang M, Ni B, Liao Z. Core-shell hybrid liposomal vesicles loaded with panax notoginsenoside: preparation, characterization and protective effects on global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and acute myocardial ischemia in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4299-310. [PMID: 22915851 PMCID: PMC3419509 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s32385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Novel panax notoginsenoside-loaded core-shell hybrid liposomal vesicles (PNS-HLV) were developed to resolve the restricted bioavailability of PNS and to enhance its protective effects in vivo on oral administration. METHODS Physicochemical characterizations of PNS-HLV included assessment of morphology, particle size and zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), stability and in vitro release study. In addition, to evaluate its oral treatment potential, we compared the effect of PNS-HLV on global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and acute myocardial ischemia injury with those of PNS solution, conventional PNS-loaded nanoparticles, and liposomes. RESULTS In comparison with PNS solution, conventional PNS-loaded nanoparticles and liposomes, PNS-HLV was stable for at least 12 months at 4°C. Satisfactory improvements in the EE% of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rb1, and ginsenoside Rg1 were shown with the differences in EE% shortened and the greater controlled drug release profiles were exhibited from PNS-HLV. The improvements in the physicochemical properties of HLV contributed to the results that PNS-HLV was able to significantly inhibit the edema of brain and reduce the infarct volume, while it could markedly inhibit H(2)O(2), modified Dixon agar, and serum lactate dehydrogenase, and increase superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of the present study imply that HLV has promising prospects for improving free drug bioactivity on oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
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Rodrigo R. Prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation: novel and safe strategy based on the modulation of the antioxidant system. Front Physiol 2012; 3:93. [PMID: 22518106 PMCID: PMC3325031 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia following cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. The pathogenesis of postoperative AF is multifactorial. Oxidative stress, caused by the unavoidable ischemia-reperfusion event occurring in this setting, is a major contributory factor. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-derived effects could result in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, or DNA oxidation of cardiac tissue, thus leading to functional and structural myocardial remodeling. The vulnerability of myocardial tissue to the oxidative challenge is also dependent on the activity of the antioxidant system. High ROS levels, overwhelming this system, should result in deleterious cellular effects, such as the induction of necrosis, apoptosis, or autophagy. Nevertheless, tissue exposure to low to moderate ROS levels could trigger a survival response with a trend to reinforce the antioxidant defense system. Administration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), known to involve a moderate ROS production, is consistent with a diminished vulnerability to the development of postoperative AF. Accordingly, supplementation of n-3 PUFA successfully reduced the incidence of postoperative AF after coronary bypass grafting. This response is due to an up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, as shown in experimental models. In turn, non-enzymatic antioxidant reinforcement through vitamin C administration prior to cardiac surgery has also reduced the postoperative AF incidence. Therefore, it should be expected that a mixed therapy result in an improvement of the cardioprotective effect by modulating both components of the antioxidant system. We present novel available evidence supporting the hypothesis of an effective prevention of postoperative AF including a two-step therapeutic strategy: n-3 PUFA followed by vitamin C supplementation to patients scheduled for cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. The present study should encourage the design of clinical trials aimed to test the efficacy of this strategy to offer new therapeutic opportunities to patients challenged by ischemia-reperfusion events not solely in heart, but also in other organs such as kidney or liver in transplantation surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
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Ryu SK, King TJ, Fujioka K, Pattison J, Pashkow FJ, Tsimikas S. Effect of an oral astaxanthin prodrug (CDX-085) on lipoprotein levels and progression of atherosclerosis in LDLR(-/-) and ApoE(-/-) mice. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:99-105. [PMID: 22406426 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oxidative stress and inflammation are key promoters of atherosclerosis and myocardial damage. When orally administered, the novel astaxanthin prodrug CDX-085 delivers high levels of the xanthophyll antioxidant astaxanthin that protects LDL from oxidation and reduces primary thrombosis. In this study, we analyzed whether delivery of astaxanthin from administration of the CDX-085 prodrug reduces plasma lipoprotein levels and the progression of atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor negative (LDLR(-/-)) and apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. METHODS Relative circulating levels of astaxanthin derived from CDX-085 administration compared to administration of pure astaxanthin was initially evaluated in a canine model. In mouse Study #1, 16 wild-type and 16 LDLR(-/-) mice on 0.5% cholesterol diet supplemented with either 0.0%, 0.08%, 0.2% and 0.4% CDX-085 were used to assess plasma levels and lipoprotein biodistribution measured by FPLC after 4 weeks treatment. In Study #2, 36 male LDLR(-/-) mice were randomized to a 0.5% cholesterol chow diet (CHOW group, n=12) or 0.5% cholesterol chow fortified with 0.08% CDX-085 (n=12) or 0.5% cholesterol chow with 0.4% CDX-085 (n=12) for 12 weeks. In Study #3, 34 male ApoE(-/-) mice were randomized in the same fashion as the Study #2 and fed similar diets for 9 weeks. RESULTS CDX-085 administration was shown to result in significantly higher levels of circulating astaxanthin (p<0.001 ANOVA) over a 72 h period compared to pure, non-esterified astaxanthin in a single-dose pharmacokinetic study in beagles. In Study #1, plasma astaxanthin levels were 5-9-fold higher in LDLR(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. Astaxanthin was highly distributed among all lipoprotein fractions, generally reflecting cholesterol content of lipoproteins. In Study #2, administration of CDX-085 resulted in significantly lower total cholesterol levels (528±68 mg/dL vs. 550±67 mg/dL vs. 602±80 mg/dL, p=0.047) and aortic arch atherosclerosis (9.0±4.2% vs. 9.8±3.5% vs. 13.2±3.6%, p=0.023) in the 0.4% CDX-085 group compared to the 0.08% CDX-085 and CHOW groups, respectively. In ApoE(-/-) mice, a 72% reduction in triglycerides in the 0.4% CDX-085 group and 50% reduction in the 0.08% CDX-085 groups was noted compared to CHOW group (final levels 17±11 mg/dL vs. 30±15 mg/dL vs. 60±32 mg/dL, respectively, p=0.001). CONCLUSION Oral administration of the novel astaxanthin prodrug CDX-085 shows that it distributes among lipoproteins. CDX-085 lowers total cholesterol and aortic arch atherosclerosis in LDLR(-/-) mice and triglyceride levels in ApoE(-/-) mice and shows promise for further evaluation in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kee Ryu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Dave S, Kaur NJ, Nanduri R, Dkhar HK, Kumar A, Gupta P. Inhibition of adipogenesis and induction of apoptosis and lipolysis by stem bromelain in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30831. [PMID: 22292054 PMCID: PMC3265525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytotherapeutic protein stem bromelain (SBM) is used as an anti-obesity alternative medicine. We show at the cellular level that SBM irreversibly inhibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by reducing adipogenic gene expression and induces apoptosis and lipolysis in mature adipocytes. At the molecular level, SBM suppressed adipogenesis by downregulating C/EBPα and PPARγ independent of C/EBPβ gene expression. Moreover, mRNA levels of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (ap2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), CD36, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were also downregulated by SBM. Additionally, SBM reduced adiponectin expression and secretion. SBM's ability to repress PPARγ expression seems to stem from its ability to inhibit Akt and augment the TNFα pathway. The Akt–TSC2–mTORC1 pathway has recently been described for PPARγ expression in adipocytes. In our experiments, TNFα upregulation compromised cell viability of mature adipocytes (via apoptosis) and induced lipolysis. Lipolytic response was evident by downregulation of anti-lipolytic genes perilipin, phosphodiestersae-3B (PDE3B), and GTP binding protein Giα1, as well as sustained expression of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). These data indicate that SBM, together with all-trans retinoic-acid (atRA), may be a potent modulator of obesity by repressing the PPARγ-regulated adipogenesis pathway at all stages and by augmenting TNFα-induced lipolysis and apoptosis in mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Dave
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Naval Jit Kaur
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Ashwani Kumar
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail:
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Hassan MH, Edfawy M, Mansour A, Hamed AA. Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of capsaicin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:428-38. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711413801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential hepatoprotective utility of capsaicin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury and to explore the possible mechanisms whereby this agent mediated its beneficial effects. We randomized 40 rats into four groups for treatment with corn oil, CCl4, capsaicin and both CCl4 and capsaicin, respectively, for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and used for determination of aspartylaminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin, while the liver tissues were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin examination; evaluation of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and active caspase-3 contents; and evaluation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione- S-transferase (GST) activities. Animals treated with CCl4 exhibited significant elevation in AST, ALT, total bilirubin and caspase-3 and exhibited significant decrease in activities of SOD, CAT, GST and GSH contents. The combination (both capsaicin and CCl4) group has preserved the liver histology, liver enzymes and bilirubin close to normal, exhibited significant induction in the activities of CAT, SOD and GST, increased the liver content of GSH and active caspase-3 and conversely showed significant decrease in liver MDA content compared to CCl4 challenged rats. Capsaicin confers an appealing hepatoprotective effect which might be explained partially via diminishing the generation of MDA, induction of antioxidant systems and inhibition of active caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memy H Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azahr University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Edfawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azahr University, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aziz Hamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azahr University, Egypt
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El-Raey M, Geshi M, Somfai T, Kaneda M, Hirako M, Abdel-Ghaffar AE, Sosa GA, El-Roos MEAA, Nagai T. Evidence of melatonin synthesis in the cumulus oocyte complexes and its role in enhancing oocyte maturation in vitro in cattle. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:250-62. [PMID: 21381146 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule that mediates several circadian and seasonal reproductive processes. The exact role of melatonin in modulating reproduction, however, is not fully understood-especially its effects on the ovarian follicles and oocytes. This study was conducted to investigate the expressions of the ASMT and melatonin-receptor MTNR1A and MTNR1B genes in bovine oocytes and their cumulus cells, as well as the effects of melatonin on oocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in vitro. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from abattoir ovaries were cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with melatonin at concentrations of 0, 10, 50, and 100 ng/ml. The expression of ASMT, MTNR1A, and MTNR1B genes was evaluated by RT-PCR. Moreover, the effects of melatonin on cumulus cell expansion, nuclear maturation, mitochondrial characteristics and COCs steroidogenesis were investigated. Furthermore, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated in denuded oocytes. Our study revealed that ASMT and MTNR1A genes were expressed in COCs, while the MTNR1B gene was expressed only in oocytes. Additionally, melatonin supplementation at 10 and 50 ng/ml to in vitro maturation medium significantly enhanced oocyte nuclear maturation, cumulus cell expansion and altered the mitochondrial distribution patterns, but had no effects on oocyte mitochondrial activity and COCs steroidogenesis. Melatonin-treated oocytes had a significantly lower level of ROS than controls. The presence of melatonin receptors in COCs and its promoting effects on oocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic events, indicate the potentially important roles of this hormone in regulating bovine oocyte maturation. Moreover, the presence of ASMT transcript in COCs suggests the possible involvement of these cells in melatonin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Raey
- Reproductive Biology and Technology Research Team, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Van der Velden U, Kuzmanova D, Chapple ILC. Micronutritional approaches to periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 Suppl 11:142-58. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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