1
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Rex N, Melk A, Schmitt R. Cellular senescence and kidney aging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1805-1821. [PMID: 38126209 PMCID: PMC10739085 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy is increasing worldwide, and by 2050 the proportion of the world's population over 65 years of age is estimated to surpass 1.5 billion. Kidney aging is associated with molecular and physiological changes that cause a loss of renal function and of regenerative potential. As the aging population grows, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying these changes, as they increase the susceptibility to developing acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various cellular processes and molecular pathways take part in the complex process of kidney aging. In this review, we will focus on the phenomenon of cellular senescence as one of the involved mechanisms at the crossroad of kidney aging, age-related disease, and CKD. We will highlight experimental and clinical findings about the role of cellular senescence in kidney aging and CKD. In addition, we will review challenges in senescence research and emerging therapeutic aspects. We will highlight the great potential of senolytic strategies for the elimination of harmful senescent cells to promote healthy kidney aging and to avoid age-related disease and CKD. This review aims to give insight into recent discoveries and future developments, providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on cellular senescence and anti-senescent therapies in the kidney field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Rex
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Anette Melk
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Schmitt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Liao CM, Wulfmeyer VC, Chen R, Erlangga Z, Sinning J, von Mässenhausen A, Sörensen-Zender I, Beer K, von Vietinghoff S, Haller H, Linkermann A, Melk A, Schmitt R. Induction of ferroptosis selectively eliminates senescent tubular cells. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2158-2168. [PMID: 35607817 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells is an important contributor to kidney aging, chronic renal disease, and poor outcome after kidney transplantation. Approaches to eliminate senescent cells with senolytic compounds have been proposed as novel strategies to improve marginal organs. While most existing senolytics induce senescent cell clearance by apoptosis, we observed that ferroptosis, an iron-catalyzed subtype of regulated necrosis, might serve as an alternative way to ablate senescent cells. We found that murine kidney tubular epithelial cells became sensitized to ferroptosis when turning senescent. This was linked to increased expression of pro-ferroptotic lipoxygenase-5 and reduced expression of anti-ferroptotic glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). In tissue slice cultures from aged kidneys low dose application of the ferroptosis-inducer RSL3 selectively eliminated senescent cells while leaving healthy tubular cells unaffected. Similar results were seen in a transplantation model, in which RSL3 reduced the senescent cell burden of aged donor kidneys and caused a reduction of damage and inflammatory cell infiltration during the early post-transplantation period. In summary, these data reveal an increased susceptibility of senescent tubular cells to ferroptosis with the potential to be exploited for selective reduction of renal senescence in aged kidney transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh M Liao
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vera C Wulfmeyer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zulrahman Erlangga
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julius Sinning
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne von Mässenhausen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Inga Sörensen-Zender
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristina Beer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sibylle von Vietinghoff
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Nephrology Section, First Medical Clinic, University Clinic and Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anette Melk
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Schmitt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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3
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Gerhardt LMS, McMahon AP. Identifying Common Molecular Mechanisms in Experimental and Human Acute Kidney Injury. Semin Nephrol 2022; 42:151286. [PMID: 36402654 PMCID: PMC11017289 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a highly prevalent, heterogeneous syndrome, associated with increased short- and long-term mortality. A multitude of different factors cause AKI including ischemia, sepsis, nephrotoxic drugs, and urinary tract obstruction. Upon injury, the kidney initiates an intrinsic repair program that can result in adaptive repair with regeneration of damaged nephrons and functional recovery of epithelial activity, or maladaptive repair and persistence of damaged epithelial cells with a characteristic proinflammatory, profibrotic molecular signature. Maladaptive repair is linked to disease progression from AKI to chronic kidney disease. Despite extensive efforts, no therapeutic strategies provide consistent benefit to AKI patients. Since kidney biopsies are rarely performed in the acute injury phase in humans, most of our understanding of AKI pathophysiology is derived from preclinical AKI models. This raises the question of how well experimental models of AKI reflect the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human AKI? Here, we provide a brief overview of available AKI models, discuss their strengths and limitations, and consider important aspects of the AKI response in mice and humans, with a particular focus on the role of proximal tubule cells in adaptive and maladaptive repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa M S Gerhardt
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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4
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Hoff U, Markmann D, Thurn-Valassina D, Nieminen-Kelhä M, Erlangga Z, Schmitz J, Bräsen JH, Budde K, Melk A, Hegner B. The mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin protects from premature cellular senescence early after experimental kidney transplantation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266319. [PMID: 35446876 PMCID: PMC9022825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, a major cause of kidney allograft dysfunction, has been linked to premature cellular senescence. The mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin protects from senescence in experimental models, but its antiproliferative properties have raised concern early after transplantation particularly at higher doses. Its effect on senescence has not been studied in kidney transplantation, yet. Rapamycin was applied to a rat kidney transplantation model (3 mg/kg bodyweight loading dose, 1.5 mg/kg bodyweight daily dose) for 7 days. Low Rapamycin trough levels (2.1-6.8 ng/mL) prevented the accumulation of p16INK4a positive cells in tubules, interstitium, and glomerula. Expression of the cytokines MCP-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α, defining the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype, was abrogated. Infiltration with monocytes/macrophages and CD8+ T-lymphocytes was reduced and tubular function was preserved by Rapamycin. Inhibition of mTOR was not associated with impaired structural recovery, higher glucose levels, or weight loss. mTOR inhibition with low-dose Rapamycin in the immediate posttransplant period protected from premature cellular senescence without negative effects on structural and functional recovery from preservation/reperfusion damage, glucose homeostasis, and growth in a rat kidney transplantation model. Reduced senescence might maintain the renal regenerative capacity rendering resilience to future injuries resulting in protection from interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Hoff
- Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Markmann
- Nieren- und Dialysezentrum Schöneberg-Tempelhof, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Melina Nieminen-Kelhä
- Departement of Neurosurgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Schmitz
- Nephropathology Unit, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Nephropathology Unit, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anette Melk
- Childrens’ Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Hegner
- Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Vitanas Hospital for Geriatric Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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5
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Pavanello S, Campisi M, Rigotti P, Bello MD, Nuzzolese E, Neri F, Furian L. DNA Methylation - and Telomere - Based Biological Age Estimation as Markers of Biological Aging in Donors Kidneys. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:832411. [PMID: 35402460 PMCID: PMC8984253 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.832411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological age of an organ may represent a valuable tool for assessing its quality, especially in the elder. We examined the biological age of the kidneys [right (RK) and left kidney (LK)] and blood leukocytes in the same subject and compared these to assess whether blood mirrors kidney biological aging. Biological age was studied in n = 36 donors (median age: 72 years, range: 19-92; male: 42%) by exploring mitotic and non-mitotic pathways, using telomere length (TL) and age-methylation changes (DNAmAge) and its acceleration (AgeAcc). RK and LK DNAmAge are older than blood DNAmAge (RK vs. Blood, p = 0.0271 and LK vs. Blood, p = 0.0245) and RK and LK AgeAcc present higher score (this mean the AgeAcc is faster) than that of blood leukocytes (p = 0.0271 and p = 0.0245) in the same donor. TL of RK and LK are instead longer than that of blood (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0098) and the increase in Remuzzi-Karpinski score is strongly correlated with kidney TL attrition (p = 0.0046). Finally, blood and kidney TL (p < 0.01) and DNAmAge (p < 0.001) were correlated. These markers can be evaluated in further studies as indicators of biological age of donor organ quality and increase the usage of organs from donors of advanced age therefore offering a potential translational research inkidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pavanello
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuela Campisi
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Rigotti
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Di Bello
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erica Nuzzolese
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Flavia Neri
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Furian
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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6
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Chan J, Eide IA, Tannæs TM, Waldum-Grevbo B, Jenssen T, Svensson M. Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cellular Senescence Markers in Incident Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Renal Transplantation (ORENTRA) Randomized Clinical Trial. Kidney Med 2021; 3:1041-1049. [PMID: 34939013 PMCID: PMC8664741 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Deterioration of kidney graft function is associated with accelerated cellular senescence. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have favorable properties that may counteract cellular senescence development and damage caused by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secretome. Our objective was to investigate the potential effects of marine n-3 PUFA supplementation on the SASP secretome in kidney transplant recipients. Study Design Exploratory substudy of the Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Renal Transplantation trial. Setting & Participants Adult kidney transplant recipients with a functional kidney graft (defined as having an estimated glomerular filtration rate of >30 mL/min/1.73 m2) 8 weeks after engraftment were included in this study conducted in Norway. Analytical Approach The intervention consisted of 2.6 g of a marine n-3 PUFA or olive oil (placebo) daily for 44 weeks. The outcome was a predefined panel of SASP components in the plasma and urine. Results A total of 132 patients were enrolled in the Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Renal Transplantation trial, and 66 patients were allocated to receive either the study drug or placebo. The intervention with the marine n-3 PUFA was associated with reduced plasma levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin 1α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-13 compared with the intervention in the control group. Limitations Post hoc analysis. Conclusions The results suggest that marine n-3 PUFA supplementation has mitigating effects on the plasma SASP components granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin 1α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, MMP-1, and MMP-13 in kidney transplant recipients. Future studies with kidney transplant recipients in maintenance phase, combined with an evaluation of cellular senescence markers in kidney transplant biopsies, are needed to further elucidate the potential antisenescent effect of marine n-3 PUFAs. This trial is registered as NCT01744067.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Chan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Ivar A Eide
- Department of Renal Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog.,Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo
| | - Tone M Tannæs
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo, Lørenskog
| | - Bård Waldum-Grevbo
- Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Jenssen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo.,Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo
| | - My Svensson
- Department of Renal Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
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7
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Matsunaga T, Iske J, Schroeter A, Azuma H, Zhou H, Tullius SG. The potential of Senolytics in transplantation. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111582. [PMID: 34606875 PMCID: PMC10655132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Older organs provide a substantial unrealized potential with the capacity to close the gap between demand and supply in organ transplantation. The potential of senolytics in improving age-related conditions has been shown in various experimental studies and early clinical trials. Those encouraging data may also be of relevance for transplantation. As age-differences between donor and recipients are not uncommon, aging may be accelerated in recipients when transplanting older organs; young organs may, at least in theory, have the potential to 'rejuvenate' old recipients. Here, we review the relevance of senescent cells and the effects of senolytics on organ quality, alloimmune responses and outcomes in solid organ transplantation. This article is part of the Special Issue - Senolytics - Edited by Joao Passos and Diana Jurk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Matsunaga
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jasper Iske
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Andreas Schroeter
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hao Zhou
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Senescence and senolytics in cardiovascular disease: Promise and potential pitfalls. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111540. [PMID: 34237321 PMCID: PMC8387860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is the biggest risk factor for impaired cardiovascular health, with cardiovascular disease being the cause of death in 40 % of individuals over 65 years old. Ageing is associated with an increased prevalence of atherosclerosis, coronary artery stenosis and subsequent myocardial infarction, thoracic aortic aneurysm, valvular heart disease and heart failure. An accumulation of senescence and increased inflammation, caused by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, have been implicated in the aetiology and progression of these age-associated diseases. Recently it has been demonstrated that compounds targeting components of anti-apoptotic pathways expressed by senescent cells can preferentially induce senescence cells to apoptosis and have been termed senolytics. In this review, we discuss the evidence demonstrating that senescence contributes to cardiovascular disease, with a particular focus on studies that indicate the promise of senotherapy. Based on these data we suggest novel indications for senolytics as a treatment of cardiovascular diseases which have yet to be studied in the context of senotherapy. Finally, while the potential benefits are encouraging, several complications may result from senolytic treatment. We, therefore, consider these challenges in the context of the cardiovascular system.
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9
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Sándor S, Tátrai K, Czeibert K, Egyed B, Kubinyi E. CDKN2A Gene Expression as a Potential Aging Biomarker in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:660435. [PMID: 33981746 PMCID: PMC8107359 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.660435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Describing evolutionary conserved physiological or molecular patterns, which can reliably mark the age of both model organisms and humans or predict the onset of age-related pathologies has become a priority in aging research. The age-related gene-expression changes of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene have been well-documented in humans and rodents. However, data is lacking from other relevant species, including dogs. Therefore, we quantified the CDKN2A mRNA abundance in dogs of different ages, in four tissue types: the frontal cortex of the brain, temporal muscle, skin, and blood. We found a significant, positive correlation between CDKN2A relative expression values and age in the brain, muscle, and blood; however, no correlation was detected in the skin. The strongest correlation was detected in the brain tissue (CDKN2A/GAPDH: r = 0.757, p < 0.001), similarly to human findings, while the muscle and blood showed weaker, but significant correlation. Our results suggest that CDKN2A might be a potential blood-borne biomarker of aging in dogs, although the validation and optimization will require further, more focused research. Our current results also clearly demonstrate that the role of CDKN2A in aging is conserved in dogs, regarding both tissue specificity and a pivotal role of CDKN2A in brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sára Sándor
- Department of Ethology, Senior Family Dog Project, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kitti Tátrai
- Department of Ethology, Senior Family Dog Project, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Czeibert
- Department of Ethology, Senior Family Dog Project, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Egyed
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kubinyi
- Department of Ethology, Senior Family Dog Project, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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De Vusser K, Martens D, Lerut E, Kuypers D, Nawrot TS, Naesens M. Replicative senescence and arteriosclerosis after kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 35:1984-1995. [PMID: 33067610 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Replicative senescence is associated with telomere shortening. In native kidneys, obtained prior to transplantation, we recently described and validated a significant association between shorter intrarenal telomere length and renal arteriosclerosis. After renal transplantation, animal experiments suggested that ischaemia-reperfusion injury, acute rejection episodes and cytomegalovirus disease associate with accelerated renal allograft senescence. The association between post-transplant events and replicative senescence has not yet been evaluated in a human setting. METHODS In a cohort of 134 kidney allograft recipients, we performed protocol-specified renal allograft biopsies at 3 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years after transplantation (n = 579 biopsies). We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure intrarenal relative average telomere length (T/S ratio). The association between donor and recipient demographic factors, post-transplant clinical/histological events, renal allograft histological evolution by 5 years post-transplant and intrarenal telomere length at 5 years after transplantation was studied using multiple regression models. RESULTS At 5 years after transplantation, shorter intrarenal telomere length was associated with male donor gender, older donor age, donor history of hypertension and donor cardiovascular risk, which confirms the associations observed in native kidneys. Recipient characteristics and post-transplant events like delayed graft function, acute rejection episodes, presence of donor-specific antibodies, cytomegalovirus disease and immunosuppressive regimen did not associate with alterations of intrarenal telomere length at 5 years. Independent of donor age and donor cardiovascular risk, intrarenal arteriosclerosis in protocol biopsies obtained at 5 years after transplantation and progressive arteriosclerosis over time after transplantation associated with shorter telomere length, while this was not the case for other histological lesions. Moreover, telomere attrition augments the association between older donor age and the presence of severe arteriosclerosis. In the group with the oldest donor age and shortest telomere length, there was significantly more severe arteriosclerosis (43%) in protocol biopsies at 5 years after transplantation, compared with other combinations (13-28%) (P = 0.001). Intrarenal arteriosclerosis at 5 years after transplantation did not associate with post-transplant clinical events. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that intrarenal telomere length at 5 years after transplantation, as a marker for replicative senescence, associates with renal arteriosclerosis and reflects kidney donor characteristics, but not post-transplant events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien De Vusser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Lerut
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Kuypers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Wyld L, Bellantuono I, Tchkonia T, Morgan J, Turner O, Foss F, George J, Danson S, Kirkland JL. Senescence and Cancer: A Review of Clinical Implications of Senescence and Senotherapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082134. [PMID: 32752135 PMCID: PMC7464619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a key component of human aging that can be induced by a range of stimuli, including DNA damage, cellular stress, telomere shortening, and the activation of oncogenes. Senescence is generally regarded as a tumour suppressive process, both by preventing cancer cell proliferation and suppressing malignant progression from pre-malignant to malignant disease. It may also be a key effector mechanism of many types of anticancer therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapies, both directly and via bioactive molecules released by senescent cells that may stimulate an immune response. However, senescence may contribute to reduced patient resilience to cancer therapies and may provide a pathway for disease recurrence after cancer therapy. A new group of drugs, senotherapies, (drugs which interact with senescent cells to interfere with their pro-aging impacts by either selectively destroying senescent cells (senolytic drugs) or inhibiting their function (senostatic drugs)) are under active investigation to determine whether they can enhance the efficacy of cancer therapies and improve resilience to cancer treatments. Senolytic drugs include quercetin, navitoclax, and fisetin and preclinical and early phase clinical data are emerging of their potential role in cancer treatments, although none are yet in routine use clinically. This article provides a review of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Wyld
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (I.B.); (J.M.); (O.T.); (J.G.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilaria Bellantuono
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (I.B.); (J.M.); (O.T.); (J.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Jenna Morgan
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (I.B.); (J.M.); (O.T.); (J.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Olivia Turner
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (I.B.); (J.M.); (O.T.); (J.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Fiona Foss
- Department of Pathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK;
| | - Jayan George
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (I.B.); (J.M.); (O.T.); (J.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Sarah Danson
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (I.B.); (J.M.); (O.T.); (J.G.); (S.D.)
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
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12
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Sumida K, Han Z, Dashputre AA, Potukuchi PK, Kovesdy CP. Association between Nrf2 and CDKN2A expression in patients with end-stage renal disease: a pilot study. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16357-16367. [PMID: 32661200 PMCID: PMC7485736 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) display phenotypic features of premature biological aging, characterized by disproportionately high morbidity and mortality at a younger age. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity, a master regulator of antioxidative responses, declines with age and is implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related disorders; however, little is known about the association between Nrf2 and premature biological aging in ESRD patients. In a cross-sectional pilot cohort of 34 ESRD patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis, we measured the expression of Nrf2 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A, or p16INK4a, a biomarker of biological aging) genes in whole blood and examined the association of Nrf2 with CDKN2A expression, using Spearman's rank correlation and multivariable linear regression models with adjustment for potential confounders. There was a significant negative correlation between Nrf2 and CDKN2A expression (rho=-0.51, P=0.002); while no significant correlation was found between Nrf2 expression and chronological age (rho=-0.02, P=0.91). After multivariable adjustment, Nrf2 expression remained significantly and negatively associated with CDKN2A expression (β coefficient=-1.51, P=0.01), independent of chronological age, gender, race, and diabetes status. These findings suggest a potential contribution of Nrf2 dysfunction to the development of premature biological aging and its related morbidities in ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Sumida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Zhongji Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ankur A. Dashputre
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Institute for Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Praveen K. Potukuchi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Csaba P. Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
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13
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Franzin R, Stasi A, Fiorentino M, Stallone G, Cantaluppi V, Gesualdo L, Castellano G. Inflammaging and Complement System: A Link Between Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Graft Damage. Front Immunol 2020; 11:734. [PMID: 32457738 PMCID: PMC7221190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of complement system in several kidney diseases suggests that this pillar of innate immunity has a critical role in the pathophysiology of renal damage of different etiologies. A growing body of experimental evidence indicates that complement activation contributes to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) such as delayed graft function (DGF) in transplant patients. AKI is characterized by the rapid loss of the kidney's excretory function and is a complex syndrome currently lacking a specific medical treatment to arrest or attenuate progression in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent evidence suggests that independently from the initial trigger (i.e., sepsis or ischemia/reperfusions injury), an episode of AKI is strongly associated with an increased risk of subsequent CKD. The AKI-to-CKD transition may involve a wide range of mechanisms including scar-forming myofibroblasts generated from different sources, microvascular rarefaction, mitochondrial dysfunction, or cell cycle arrest by the involvement of epigenetic, gene, and protein alterations leading to common final signaling pathways [i.e., transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), p16 ink4a , Wnt/β-catenin pathway] involved in renal aging. Research in recent years has revealed that several stressors or complications such as rejection after renal transplantation can lead to accelerated renal aging with detrimental effects with the establishment of chronic proinflammatory cellular phenotypes within the kidney. Despite a greater understanding of these mechanisms, the role of complement system in the context of the AKI-to-CKD transition and renal inflammaging is still poorly explored. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings describing the role of complement in AKI-to-CKD transition. We will also address how and when complement inhibitors might be used to prevent AKI and CKD progression, therefore improving graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorentino
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Department Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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14
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Kidney allograft fibrosis: what we learned from latest translational research studies. J Nephrol 2020; 33:1201-1211. [PMID: 32193834 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To add new molecular and pathogenetic insights into the biological machinery associated to kidney allograft fibrosis is a major research target in nephrology and organ transplant translational medicine. Interstitial fibrosis associated to tubular atrophy (IF/TA) is, in fact, an inevitable and progressive process that occurs in almost every type of chronic allograft injury (particularly in grafts from expanded criteria donors) characterized by profound remodeling and excessive production/deposition of fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) with a great clinical impact. IF/TA is detectable in more than 50% of kidney allografts at 2 years. However, although well studied, the complete cellular/biological network associated with IF/TA is only partially evaluated. In the last few years, then, thanks to the introduction of new biomolecular technologies, inflammation in scarred/fibrotic parenchyma areas (recently acknowledged by the BANFF classification) has been recognized as a pivotal element able to accelerate the onset and development of the allograft chronic damage. Therefore, in this review, we focused on some new pathogenetic elements involved in graft fibrosis (including epithelial/endothelial to mesenchymal transition, oxidative stress, activation of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways, fatty acids oxidation and cellular senescence) that, in our opinion, could become in future good candidates as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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15
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Ferrucci L, Gonzalez‐Freire M, Fabbri E, Simonsick E, Tanaka T, Moore Z, Salimi S, Sierra F, de Cabo R. Measuring biological aging in humans: A quest. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13080. [PMID: 31833194 PMCID: PMC6996955 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global population of individuals over the age of 65 is growing at an unprecedented rate and is expected to reach 1.6 billion by 2050. Most older individuals are affected by multiple chronic diseases, leading to complex drug treatments and increased risk of physical and cognitive disability. Improving or preserving the health and quality of life of these individuals is challenging due to a lack of well-established clinical guidelines. Physicians are often forced to engage in cycles of "trial and error" that are centered on palliative treatment of symptoms rather than the root cause, often resulting in dubious outcomes. Recently, geroscience challenged this view, proposing that the underlying biological mechanisms of aging are central to the global increase in susceptibility to disease and disability that occurs with aging. In fact, strong correlations have recently been revealed between health dimensions and phenotypes that are typical of aging, especially with autophagy, mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, and DNA methylation. Current research focuses on measuring the pace of aging to identify individuals who are "aging faster" to test and develop interventions that could prevent or delay the progression of multimorbidity and disability with aging. Understanding how the underlying biological mechanisms of aging connect to and impact longitudinal changes in health trajectories offers a unique opportunity to identify resilience mechanisms, their dynamic changes, and their impact on stress responses. Harnessing how to evoke and control resilience mechanisms in individuals with successful aging could lead to writing a new chapter in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology BranchBiomedical Research CenterNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Marta Gonzalez‐Freire
- Translational Gerontology BranchBiomedical Research CenterNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Elisa Fabbri
- Translational Gerontology BranchBiomedical Research CenterNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology BranchBiomedical Research CenterNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology BranchBiomedical Research CenterNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Zenobia Moore
- Translational Gerontology BranchBiomedical Research CenterNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Shabnam Salimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Felipe Sierra
- Division of Aging BiologyNational Institute on AgingNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology BranchBiomedical Research CenterNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
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16
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Zhou B, Wan Y, Chen R, Zhang C, Li X, Meng F, Glaser S, Wu N, Zhou T, Li S, Francis H, Alpini G, Zou P. The emerging role of cellular senescence in renal diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2087-2097. [PMID: 31916698 PMCID: PMC7011136 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence represents the state of irreversible cell cycle arrest during cell division. Cellular senescence not only plays a role in diverse biological events such as embryogenesis, tissue regeneration and repair, ageing and tumour occurrence prevention, but it is also involved in many cardiovascular, renal and liver diseases through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular senescence and its possible effects on a variety of renal diseases. We will also discuss the therapeutic approaches based on the regulation of senescent and SASP blockade, which is considered as a promising strategy for the management of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingru Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuesen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute for Cancer Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Physiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ping Zou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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17
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Ellaway A, Dundas R, Robertson T, Shiels PG. More miles on the clock: Neighbourhood stressors are associated with telomere length in a longitudinal study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214380. [PMID: 30921393 PMCID: PMC6438484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a substantial gap in health and longevity between more affluent and more deprived areas, and more knowledge of the determinants of this health divide is required. Experience of the local residential environment is important for health although few studies have examined this in relation to biological markers of age such as telomere length. We sought to examine if residents’ perceptions of neighbourhood stressors over time were associated with telomere length in a community study. Methodology/Principal findings In a prospective cohort study of 2186 adults in the West of Scotland, we measured neighbourhood stressors at three time points over a 12-year period and telomere length at the end of the study. Using linear regression models, we found that a higher accumulation of neighbourhood stressors over time was associated with shorter telomere length, even after taking cohort, social class, health behaviours (smoking status, diet, physical activity), BMI and depression into account among females only (Beta = 0.007; 95%CI [0.001, 0.012]; P<0.014). Conclusions/Significance Neighborhood environments are potentially modifiable, and future efforts directed towards improving deleterious local environments may be useful to lessen telomere attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ellaway
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ruth Dundas
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Robertson
- Centre for Public Health and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences & Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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18
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Johansen KL. Metrics of Aging in Transplantation. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-019-0229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Hobson S, Arefin S, Kublickiene K, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P. Senescent Cells in Early Vascular Ageing and Bone Disease of Chronic Kidney Disease-A Novel Target for Treatment. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020082. [PMID: 30717151 PMCID: PMC6409791 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with bone-mineral disorders, premature vascular ageing is a common feature of the uremic phenotype. A detailed understanding of mechanisms involved remains unclear and warrants further research. Available treatment options for end stage renal disease are principally dialysis and organ transplantation, as other treatment alternatives have proven insufficient. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been proposed as a model of early vascular and bone ageing, with accumulating evidence supporting the contribution of cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) to cardiovascular pathology in CKD. Correspondingly, novel therapies based around the use of senolytic compounds and nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) agonists, have been suggested as attractive novel treatment options. In this review, we detail the contribution of the uremic environment to these processes underpinning ageing and how these relate to vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Hobson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
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20
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Abstract
Most older individuals develop inflammageing, a condition characterized by elevated levels of blood inflammatory markers that carries high susceptibility to chronic morbidity, disability, frailty, and premature death. Potential mechanisms of inflammageing include genetic susceptibility, central obesity, increased gut permeability, changes to microbiota composition, cellular senescence, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, oxidative stress caused by dysfunctional mitochondria, immune cell dysregulation, and chronic infections. Inflammageing is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and clinical trials suggest that this association is causal. Inflammageing is also a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, depression, dementia, and sarcopenia, but whether modulating inflammation beneficially affects the clinical course of non-CVD health problems is controversial. This uncertainty is an important issue to address because older patients with CVD are often affected by multimorbidity and frailty - which affect clinical manifestations, prognosis, and response to treatment - and are associated with inflammation by mechanisms similar to those in CVD. The hypothesis that inflammation affects CVD, multimorbidity, and frailty by inhibiting growth factors, increasing catabolism, and interfering with homeostatic signalling is supported by mechanistic studies but requires confirmation in humans. Whether early modulation of inflammageing prevents or delays the onset of cardiovascular frailty should be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Elisa Fabbri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Diekman BO, Sessions GA, Collins JA, Knecht AK, Strum SL, Mitin NK, Carlson CS, Loeser RF, Sharpless NE. Expression of p16 INK 4a is a biomarker of chondrocyte aging but does not cause osteoarthritis. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12771. [PMID: 29744983 PMCID: PMC6052464 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence drives a functional decline of numerous tissues with aging by limiting regenerative proliferation and/or by producing pro‐inflammatory molecules known as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The senescence biomarker p16INK4a is a potent inhibitor of the cell cycle but is not essential for SASP production. Thus, it is unclear whether p16INK4a identifies senescence in hyporeplicative cells such as articular chondrocytes and whether p16INK4a contributes to pathologic characteristics of cartilage aging. To address these questions, we examined the role of p16INK4a in murine and human models of chondrocyte aging. We observed that p16INK4amRNA expression was significantly upregulated with chronological aging in murine cartilage (~50‐fold from 4 to 18 months of age) and in primary human chondrocytes from 57 cadaveric donors (r2 = .27, p < .0001). Human chondrocytes exhibited substantial replicative potential in vitro that depended on the activity of cyclin‐dependent kinases 4 or 6 (CDK4/6), and proliferation was reduced in cells from older donors with increased p16INK4a expression. Moreover, increased chondrocyte p16INK4a expression correlated with several SASP transcripts. Despite the relationship between p16INK4a expression and these features of senescence, somatic inactivation of p16INK4a in chondrocytes of adult mice did not mitigate SASP expression and did not alter the rate of osteoarthritis (OA) with physiological aging or after destabilization of the medial meniscus. These results establish that p16INK4a expression is a biomarker of dysfunctional chondrocytes, but that the effects of chondrocyte senescence on OA are more likely driven by production of SASP molecules than by loss of chondrocyte replicative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O. Diekman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Garrett A. Sessions
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - John A. Collins
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Anne K. Knecht
- HealthSpan Diagnostics LLC; Research Triangle Park North Carolina
| | - Susan L. Strum
- HealthSpan Diagnostics LLC; Research Triangle Park North Carolina
| | - Natalia K. Mitin
- HealthSpan Diagnostics LLC; Research Triangle Park North Carolina
| | - Cathy S. Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Minnesota; St. Paul Minnesota
| | - Richard F. Loeser
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Norman E. Sharpless
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- The National Cancer Institute; Bethesda Maryland
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22
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Validation of systems biology derived molecular markers of renal donor organ status associated with long term allograft function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6974. [PMID: 29725116 PMCID: PMC5934379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor organ quality affects long term outcome after renal transplantation. A variety of prognostic molecular markers is available, yet their validity often remains undetermined. A network-based molecular model reflecting donor kidney status based on transcriptomics data and molecular features reported in scientific literature to be associated with chronic allograft nephropathy was created. Significantly enriched biological processes were identified and representative markers were selected. An independent kidney pre-implantation transcriptomics dataset of 76 organs was used to predict estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values twelve months after transplantation using available clinical data and marker expression values. The best-performing regression model solely based on the clinical parameters donor age, donor gender, and recipient gender explained 17% of variance in post-transplant eGFR values. The five molecular markers EGF, CD2BP2, RALBP1, SF3B1, and DDX19B representing key molecular processes of the constructed renal donor organ status molecular model in addition to the clinical parameters significantly improved model performance (p-value = 0.0007) explaining around 33% of the variability of eGFR values twelve months after transplantation. Collectively, molecular markers reflecting donor organ status significantly add to prediction of post-transplant renal function when added to the clinical parameters donor age and gender.
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23
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Kang DH, Park YS, Lee DY. Senotherapy for attenuation of cellular senescence in aging and organ implantation. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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van Willigenburg H, de Keizer PLJ, de Bruin RWF. Cellular senescence as a therapeutic target to improve renal transplantation outcome. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:322-330. [PMID: 29471104 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplants from aged donors are more vulnerable to ischemic injury, suffer more from delayed graft function and have a lower graft survival compared to kidneys from younger donors. On a cellular level, aging results in an increase in cells that are in a permanent cell cycle arrest, termed senescence, which secrete a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Consequently, these senescent cells negatively influence the local milieu by causing inflammaging, and by reducing the regenerative capacity of the kidney. Moreover, the oxidative damage that is inflicted by ischemia-reperfusion injury during transplantation can induce senescence and accelerate aging. In this review, we describe recent developments in the understanding of the biology of aging that have led to the development of a new class of therapeutic agents aimed at eliminating senescent cells. These compounds have already shown to be able to restore tissue homeostasis in old mice, improve kidney function and general health- and lifespan. Use of these anti-senescence compounds holds great promise to improve the quality of marginal donor kidneys as well as to remove senescent cells induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. Altogether, senescent cell removal may increase the donor pool, relieving the growing organ shortage and improve long-term transplantation outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester van Willigenburg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter L J de Keizer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Ron W F de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Asghar M, Yman V, Homann MV, Sondén K, Hammar U, Hasselquist D, Färnert A. Cellular aging dynamics after acute malaria infection: A 12-month longitudinal study. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12702. [PMID: 29143441 PMCID: PMC5771395 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated cellular aging and reduced lifespan have recently been shown in birds chronically infected with malaria parasites. Whether malaria infection also affects cellular aging in humans has not been reported. Here, we assessed the effect of a single acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection on cellular aging dynamics in travelers prospectively followed over one year in Sweden. DNA and RNA were extracted from venous blood collected at the time of admission and repeatedly up to one year. Telomere length was measured using real-time quantitative PCR, while telomerase activity and CDKN2A expression were measured by reverse transcriptase (RT)-qPCR. Our results show that acute malaria infection affects cellular aging as reflected by elevated levels of CDKN2A expression, lower telomerase activity, and substantial telomere shortening during the first three months postinfection. After that CDKN2A expression declined, telomerase activity increased and telomere length was gradually restored over one year, reflecting that cellular aging was reversed. These findings demonstrate that malaria infection affects cellular aging and the underlying cellular mechanism by which pathogens can affect host cellular aging and longevity need to be elucidated. Our results urge the need to investigate whether repeated malaria infections have more pronounced and long-lasting effects on cellular aging and lifespan (similarly to what was observed in birds) in populations living in malaria endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asghar
- Unit of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Medicine SolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Victor Yman
- Unit of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Medicine SolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Manijeh Vafa Homann
- Unit of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Medicine SolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Klara Sondén
- Unit of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Medicine SolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Ulf Hammar
- Unit of BiostatisticsDepartment of EpidemiologyInstitute for Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Anna Färnert
- Unit of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Medicine SolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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Rowland J, Akbarov A, Maan A, Eales J, Dormer J, Tomaszewski M. Tick-Tock Chimes the Kidney Clock - from Biology of Renal Ageing to Clinical Applications. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:55-67. [PMID: 29402805 DOI: 10.1159/000486907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing of the kidney is a multi-dimensional process that occurs simultaneously at the molecular, cellular, histological, anatomical and physiological level. Nephron number and renal cortical volume decline, renal tubules become atrophic and glomeruli become sclerotic with age. These structural changes are accompanied by a decline in glomerular filtration rate, decreased sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, reduced urinary concentrating capacity and alterations in the endocrine activity of the kidney. However, the pace of progression of these changes is not identical in everyone - individuals of the same age and seemingly similar clinical profile often exhibit stark differences in the age-related decline in renal health. Thus, chronological age poorly reflects the time-dependent changes that occur in the kidney. An ideal measure of renal vitality is biological kidney age - a measure of the age-related changes in physiological function. Replacing chronological age with biological age could provide numerous clinical benefits including improved prognostic accuracy in renal transplantation, better stratification of risk and identification of those who are on a fast trajectory to an age-related drop in kidney health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Rowland
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Artur Akbarov
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Akhlaq Maan
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Eales
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John Dormer
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Zhang WG, Jia LP, Ma J, Zhu SY, Nie SS, Song KK, Liu XM, Zhang YP, Cao D, Yang XP, Zhao DL, Xiu MJ, Lin L, Li ZX, Huang Q, Chen XZ, Chen L, Wang P, Bai XJ, Feng Z, Fu B, Hunag J, Zhang JP, Cai GY, Sun XF, Chen XM. Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Associated with Age but Not Renal Function: A Cross-Sectional Follow-Up Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:276-281. [PMID: 29380856 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the relationship between baseline renal function and changes in telomere length in Han Chinese. METHODS The telomere restriction fragment (TRF) length of leukocytes in the peripheral blood was measured in healthy volunteers recruited in 2014. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated based on serum creatinine (Scr) and serum cystatin C (CysC)-eGFRcys and eGFRScr-cys through the Cockcroft-Gault formula (eGFRC-G) or the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI / eGFRCKD-EPI) equation. The correlation between telomere length changes over time and renal function was analyzed. RESULTS Leukocyte TRF lengths were negatively correlated to age (r = -0.393, p < 0.001) and serum CysC (r = -0.180, p < 0.01), while positively associated with eGFRCKD-EPI, eGFRC-G, eGFRcys, and eGFRScr-cys (r = 0.182, 0.122, 0.290, and 0.254 respectively, p < 0.01). The 3-year change of telomere length was 46 bp/years. When adjusted for age, the associations between telomere length changes and baseline, subsequent TRF lengths, and serum CysC were no longer present. No association was observed between TRF length changes and renal function. CONCLUSION The rate of telomere length changes was affected by age and baseline telomere length. The telomere length changes might be important markers for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-G Zhang
- Xiangmei Chen, Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China,
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Lu L, Johnman C, McGlynn L, Mackay DF, Shiels PG, Pell JP. Association between exposure to second-hand smoke and telomere length: cross-sectional study of 1303 non-smokers. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1978-1984. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Schmitt R, Melk A. Molecular mechanisms of renal aging. Kidney Int 2017; 92:569-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Vasu V, Turner KJ, George S, Greenall J, Slijepcevic P, Griffin DK. Preterm infants have significantly longer telomeres than their term born counterparts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180082. [PMID: 28658264 PMCID: PMC5489189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are well-established morbidities associated with preterm birth including respiratory, neurocognitive and developmental disorders. However several others have recently emerged that characterise an 'aged' phenotype in the preterm infant by term-equivalent age. These include hypertension, insulin resistance and altered body fat distribution. Evidence shows that these morbidities persist into adult life, posing a significant public health concern. In this study, we measured relative telomere length in leukocytes as an indicator of biological ageing in 25 preterm infants at term equivalent age. Comparing our measurements with those from 22 preterm infants sampled at birth and from 31 term-born infants, we tested the hypothesis that by term equivalent age, preterm infants have significantly shorter telomeres (thus suggesting that they are prematurely aged). Our results demonstrate that relative telomere length is highly variable in newborn infants and is significantly negatively correlated with gestational age and birth weight in preterm infants. Further, longitudinal assessment in preterm infants who had telomere length measurements available at both birth and term age (n = 5) suggests that telomere attrition rate is negatively correlated with increasing gestational age. Contrary to our initial hypothesis however, relative telomere length was significantly shortest in the term born control group compared to both preterm groups and longest in the preterm at birth group. In addition, telomere lengths were not significantly different between preterm infants sampled at birth and those sampled at term equivalent age. These results indicate that other, as yet undetermined, factors may influence telomere length in the preterm born infant and raise the intriguing hypothesis that as preterm gestation declines, telomere attrition rate increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Vasu
- Department of Child Health, East Kent Hospitals University Foundation NHS Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom
- University of Kent, School of Biosciences, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Kara J. Turner
- University of Kent, School of Biosciences, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Shermi George
- Department of Child Health, East Kent Hospitals University Foundation NHS Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - John Greenall
- Department of Child Health, East Kent Hospitals University Foundation NHS Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Predrag Slijepcevic
- Brunel University London, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- University of Kent, School of Biosciences, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
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Shiels PG, McGuinness D, Eriksson M, Kooman JP, Stenvinkel P. The role of epigenetics in renal ageing. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017. [PMID: 28626222 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An ability to separate natural ageing processes from processes specific to morbidities is required to understand the heterogeneity of age-related organ dysfunction. Mechanistic insight into how epigenetic factors regulate ageing throughout the life course, linked to a decline in renal function with ageing, is already proving to be of value in the analyses of clinical and epidemiological cohorts. Noncoding RNAs provide epigenetic regulatory circuits within the kidney, which reciprocally interact with DNA methylation processes, histone modification and chromatin. These interactions have been demonstrated to reflect the biological age and function of renal allografts. Epigenetic factors control gene expression and activity in response to environmental perturbations. They also have roles in highly conserved signalling pathways that modulate ageing, including the mTOR and insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathways, and regulation of sirtuin activity. Nutrition, the gut microbiota, inflammation and environmental factors, including psychosocial and lifestyle stresses, provide potential mechanistic links between the epigenetic landscape of ageing and renal dysfunction. Approaches to modify the renal epigenome via nutritional intervention, targeting the methylome or targeting chromatin seem eminently feasible, although caution is merited owing to the potential for intergenerational and transgenerational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Shiels
- Section of Epigenetics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Dagmara McGuinness
- Section of Epigenetics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNut), H2, Eriksson, Novum 141, 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jeroen P Kooman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastrich, Netherlands
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14157 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Zero-time kidney biopsies, obtained at time of transplantation, are performed in many transplant centers worldwide. Decisions on kidney discard, kidney allocation, and choice of peritransplant and posttransplant treatment are sometimes based on the histological information obtained from these biopsies. This comprehensive review evaluates the practical considerations of performing zero-time biopsies, the predictive performance of zero-time histology and composite histological scores, and the clinical utility of these biopsies. The predictive performance of individual histological lesions and of composite scores for posttransplant outcome is at best moderate. No single histological lesion or composite score is sufficiently robust to be included in algorithms for kidney discard. Dual kidney transplantation has been based on histological assessment of zero-time biopsies and improves outcome in individual patients, but the waitlist effects of this strategy remain obscure. Zero-time biopsies are valuable for clinical and translational research purposes, providing insight in risk factors for posttransplant events, and as baseline for comparison with posttransplant histology. The molecular phenotype of zero-time biopsies yields novel therapeutic targets for improvement of donor selection, peritransplant management and kidney preservation. It remains however highly unclear whether the molecular expression variation in zero-time biopsies could become a better predictor for posttransplant outcome than donor/recipient baseline demographic factors.
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33
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Susnik N, Sen P, Melk A, Schmitt R. Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Kidney Fibrosis. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Kłoda K, Mierzecki A, Domański L, Borowiecka E, Safranow K, Ciechanowicz A, Ciechanowski K. Joint Assessment of Donor and Recipient hTERT Gene Polymorphism Provides Additional Information for Early Kidney Transplantation Outcomes. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1812-1818. [PMID: 28410362 PMCID: PMC5400029 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are several genes and genetic loci affecting telomere length, including hTERT gene and BICD1 gene as well as polymorphisms within chromosome 18. It has been demonstrated that the age of the donor is a negative factor associated with long-term kidney allograft function, and that post-transplant complications accelerate transplanted organ aging, thus contributing to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreases. The aim of this study was a joint assessment of donors’ and recipients’ hTERT and BICD1 genes as well as chromosome 18 polymorphisms with regard to early kidney transplantation outcomes. Material/Methods The study enrolled 74 pairs of Polish Caucasian kidney allograft cadaveric donors (60% male, mean age 45.99±14.62) and recipients (50.0% male, mean age 48.89±13.50). The transplantation procedure (Tx) was performed between 2001 and 2012. All samples were genotyped in duplicate using Real-Time PCR. Results This study showed that rs2735940 hTERT CX-TT donor-recipient genotype pair was associated with almost five times higher odds (OR=4.82; 95% CI: 1.32–18; p=0.016) of delayed graft function (DGF), and that rs2735940 hTERT, rs2630578 BICD1, and rs7235755 chromosome 18 polymorphisms combined pairs were not associated with acute rejection (AR). Conclusions In conclusion, both the donor’s and the recipient’s rs2735940 hTERT gene polymorphism was associated with early graft function after transplantation. The odds of DGF were almost five times higher for a combination of CX (CT or CC) donor genotype and TT recipient genotype. Joint assessment of donor-recipient genotype pairs provides more information for prediction of early kidney transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kłoda
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Artur Mierzecki
- Independent Laboratory of Family Physician Education, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Leszek Domański
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Borowiecka
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciechanowicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Ciechanowski
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Senotherapy: growing old and staying young? Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1051-1059. [PMID: 28389776 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, which has been linked to age-related diseases, occurs during normal aging or as a result of pathological cell stress. Due to their incapacity to proliferate, senescent cells cannot contribute to normal tissue maintenance and tissue repair. Instead, senescent cells disturb the microenvironment by secreting a plethora of bioactive factors that may lead to inflammation, regenerative dysfunction and tumor progression. Recent understanding of stimuli and pathways that induce and maintain cellular senescence offers the possibility to selectively eliminate senescent cells. This novel strategy, which so far has not been tested in humans, has been coined senotherapy or senolysis. In mice, senotherapy proofed to be effective in models of accelerated aging and also during normal chronological aging. Senotherapy prolonged lifespan, rejuvenated the function of bone marrow, muscle and skin progenitor cells, improved vasomotor function and slowed down atherosclerosis progression. While initial studies used genetic approaches for the killing of senescent cells, recent approaches showed similar effects with senolytic drugs. These observations open up exciting possibilities with a great potential for clinical development. However, before the integration of senotherapy into patient care can be considered, we need further research to improve our insight into the safety and efficacy of this strategy during short- and long-term use.
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Salvadori M, Tsalouchos A. Pre-transplant biomarkers and prediction of post-transplant outcomes in kidney transplantation. J Renal Inj Prev 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/jrip.2017.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Kooman JP, McGuinness D. Circulating markers of ageing and allostatic load: A slow train coming. Pract Lab Med 2017; 7:49-54. [PMID: 28856219 PMCID: PMC5574864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dealing with the growing burden of age-related morbidities is one of the greatest challenges facing modern society. How we age across the lifecourse and how psychosocial and lifestyle factors interplay with the biology of ageing remains to be fully elucidated. Sensitive and specific biomarkers with which to interrogate the biology of the ageing process are sparse. Recent evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs are key determinants of such processes and that these can be used as potential circulatory bio-markers of ageing. They may also provide a mechanism which mediates the spread of allostatic load across the body over time, ultimately reflecting the immunological health and physiological status of tissues and organs. The interplay between exosomal microRNAs and ageing processes is still relatively unexplored, although circulating microRNAs have been linked to the regulation of a range of physiological and pathological processes and offer insight into mechanistic determinants of healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Shiels
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson-Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jeroen P. Kooman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dagmara McGuinness
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson-Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
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Identification of the activating cytotoxicity receptor NKG2D as a senescence marker in zero-hour kidney biopsies is indicative for clinical outcome. Kidney Int 2017; 91:1447-1463. [PMID: 28233611 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The definition of biological donor organ age rather than chronological age seems obvious for the establishment of a valid pre-transplant risk assessment. Therefore, we studied gene expression for candidate markers in 60 zero-hour kidney biopsies. Compared with 29 younger donors under age 55, 31 elderly donors age 55 and older had significant mRNA expression for immunoproteasome subunits (PSMB8, PSMB9 and PSMB10), HLA-DRB, and transcripts of the activating cytotoxicity receptor NKG2D. Gene expression was validated in an independent donor cohort consisting of 37 kidneys from donors 30 years and under (Group I), 75 kidneys from donors age 31-54 years (Group II) and 75 kidneys from donors age 55 and older (Group III). Significant gene induction was confirmed in kidneys from Group III for PSMB9 and PSMB10. Strikingly, transcripts of NKG2D had the significantly highest gene induction in Group III versus Group II and Group I. Similar results were obtained for CDKN2A, but not for telomere length. Both NKG2D and CDKN2A mRNA expression were significantly correlated with creatinine levels at 24 months after transplantation. Univariate regression analysis showed significant predictive power regarding graft function at 6 and 12 months for NKG2D and CDKN2A. However, only NKG2D remained significantly predictive in the multivariate model at 12 months. Thus, our results reveal novel candidate markers in aged renal allografts, which could be helpful in the assessment of organ quality.
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Kłoda K, Domański L, Mierzecki A. Telomere Length Assessment for Prediction of Organ Transplantation Outcome. Future or Failure: A Review of the Literature. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:158-162. [PMID: 28076340 PMCID: PMC5244829 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are located at each end of eukaryotic chromosomes. Their functional role is genomic stability maintenance. The protective role of telomeres depends on various factors, including number of nucleotides repeats, telomere-binding proteins, and telomerase activity. Organ transplantation is the preferred replacement therapy in the case of chronic kidney disease and the only possibility of sustaining recipients’ life in the case of advanced liver failure. While the prevalence of acute rejection is constantly decreasing, prevention of transplanted organ long-term function loss is still challenging. It has been demonstrated that post-transplant stressors accelerate aging of the allografts manifested through telomere shortening. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the importance of telomere length assessment for prediction of organ transplantation outcome. Literature review included the 10 most important studies regarding linkage between allograft function and telomere erosion, including 2 of our own reports. Telomere length assessment is useful to predict organ transplantation outcome. The importance of telomere length as a prediction marker depends on the analyzed material. To obtain reliable results, both graft cells (donor material) and lymphocytes (recipient material) should be examined. In the case of kidney transplantation, assessment of telomere length in the early post-transplant period allows prediction of the long-term function of the transplanted organ. To increase the accuracy of transplantation outcome prediction, telomere length assessment should be combined with evaluation of other aging biomarkers, like CDKN2A (p16). Large-scale clinical studies regarding telomere length measurement, including genome wide association analysis introducing relevant genetic factors, are needed for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kłoda
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Leszek Domański
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Artur Mierzecki
- Independent Laboratory of Family Physician Education, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Sturmlechner I, Durik M, Sieben CJ, Baker DJ, van Deursen JM. Cellular senescence in renal ageing and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 13:77-89. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Baisantry A, Bhayana S, Wrede C, Hegermann J, Haller H, Melk A, Schmitt R. The impact of autophagy on the development of senescence in primary tubular epithelial cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2973-2979. [PMID: 27715411 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1234547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and senescence are 2 distinct pathways that are importantly involved in acute kidney injury and renal repair. Recent data indicate that the 2 processes might be interrelated. To investigate the potential link between autophagy and senescence in the kidney we isolated primary tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) from wild-type mice and monitored the occurrence of cellular senescence during autophagy activation and inhibition. We found that the process of cell isolation and transfer into culture was associated with a strong basal autophagic activation in PTEC. Specific inhibition of autophagy by silencing autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) counteracted the occurrence of senescence hallmarks under baseline conditions. Reduced senescent features were also observed in Atg5 silenced PTEC after γ-irradiation and during H-Ras induced oncogenic senescence, but the response was less uniform in these stress models. Senescence inhibition was paralleled by better preservation of a mature epithelial phenotype in PTEC. Interestingly, treatment with rapamycin, which acts as an activator of autophagy, also counteracted the occurrence of senescence features in PTEC. While we interpret the anti-senescent effect of rapamycin as an autophagy-independent effect of mTOR-inhibition, the more specific approach of Atg5 silencing indicates that overactivated autophagy can have pro-senescent effects in PTEC. These results highlight the complex interaction between cell culture dependent stress mechanisms, autophagy and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Baisantry
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital , Hannover , Germany.,b Department of Kidney , Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital , Hannover , Germany
| | - Sagar Bhayana
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital , Hannover , Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- c Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,d Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- c Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,d Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital , Hannover , Germany
| | - Anette Melk
- b Department of Kidney , Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital , Hannover , Germany
| | - Roland Schmitt
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital , Hannover , Germany
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Association of Donor and Recipient Telomere Length with Clinical Outcomes following Lung Transplantation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162409. [PMID: 27589328 PMCID: PMC5010211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with short telomere syndromes and pulmonary fibrosis have increased complications after lung transplant. However, the more general impact of donor and recipient telomere length in lung transplant has not been well characterized. Methods This was an observational cohort study of patients who received lung transplant at a single center between January 1st 2012 and January 31st 2015. Relative donor lymphocyte telomere length was measured and classified into long (third tertile) and short (other tertiles). Relative recipient lung telomere length was measured and classified into short (first tertile) and long (other tertiles). Outcome data included survival, need for modification of immunosuppression, liver or kidney injury, cytomegalovirus reactivation, and acute rejection. Results Recipient lung tissue telomere lengths were measured for 54 of the 79 patients (68.3%) who underwent transplant during the study period. Donor lymphocyte telomeres were measured for 45 (83.3%) of these recipients. Neither long donor telomere length (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12–2.85, p = 0.50) nor short recipient telomere length (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.50–2.05, p = 0.96) were associated with adjusted survival following lung transplant. Recipients with short telomeres were less likely to have acute cellular rejection (23.5% vs. 58.8%, p = 0.02) but were not more likely to have other organ dysfunction. Conclusions In this small cohort, neither long donor lymphocyte telomeres nor short recipient lung tissue telomeres were associated with adjusted survival after lung transplantation. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Wood WA, Krishnamurthy J, Mitin N, Torrice C, Parker JS, Snavely AC, Shea TC, Serody JS, Sharpless NE. Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Transplantation Increase p16 INK4a Expression, a Biomarker of T-cell Aging. EBioMedicine 2016; 11:227-238. [PMID: 27591832 PMCID: PMC5049997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of markers of cellular senescence increases exponentially in multiple tissues with aging. Age-related physiological changes may contribute to adverse outcomes in cancer survivors. To investigate the impact of high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation on senescence markers in vivo, we collected blood and clinical data from a cohort of 63 patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. The expression of p16INK4a, a well-established senescence marker, was determined in T-cells before and 6 months after transplant. RNA sequencing was performed on paired samples from 8 patients pre- and post-cancer therapy. In patients undergoing allogeneic transplant, higher pre-transplant p16INK4a expression was associated with a greater number of prior cycles of chemotherapy received (p = 0.003), prior autologous transplantation (p = 0.01) and prior exposure to alkylating agents (p = 0.01). Transplantation was associated with a marked increase in p16INK4a expression 6 months following transplantation. Patients receiving autologous transplant experienced a larger increase in p16INK4a expression (3.1-fold increase, p = 0.002) than allogeneic transplant recipients (1.9-fold increase, p = 0.0004). RNA sequencing of T-cells pre- and post- autologous transplant or cytotoxic chemotherapy demonstrated increased expression of transcripts associated with cellular senescence and physiological aging. Cytotoxic chemotherapy, especially alkylating agents, and stem cell transplantation strongly accelerate expression of a biomarker of molecular aging in T-cells. Peripheral blood T-cell senescence, as measured by the marker p16INK4a, increases following autologous or allogeneic HSCT. RNAseq of T-cells post- auto HSCT or chemotherapy show increased expression of transcripts associated with senescence. Autologous HCT in particular induces a stronger effect on Tcell p16INK4a expression than any other environmental stimulus tested to date.
Human chronological aging is associated with increased expression of markers of cellular aging (senescence). Cancer chemotherapy can produce frailty syndromes – recipients of cancer treatment may experience physiological changes ordinarily seen in individuals of more advanced chronological age. In our study, we found that a well-known marker of cellular senescence, p16INK4a, increased in patients following autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Expression of p16INK4a was higher in patients exposed to greater amounts of chemotherapy before transplant and those exposed to specific types of chemotherapy. These findings may ultimately influence clinical decision-making for patients with diseases that are commonly treated with transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Wood
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janakiraman Krishnamurthy
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalia Mitin
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chad Torrice
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Department of Genetics, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna C Snavely
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Shea
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Burd CE, Gill MS, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD, Austad SN, Barzilai N, Kirkland JL. Barriers to the Preclinical Development of Therapeutics that Target Aging Mechanisms. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1388-1394. [PMID: 27535964 PMCID: PMC5055650 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the progress of basic science research, fundamental mechanisms that contribute to age-related decline are being described with increasing depth and detail. Although these efforts have identified new drug targets and compounds that extend life span in model organisms, clinical trials of therapeutics that target aging processes remain scarce. Progress in aging research is hindered by barriers associated with the translation of basic science discoveries into the clinic. This report summarizes discussions held at a 2014 Geroscience Network retreat focused on identifying hurdles that currently impede the preclinical development of drugs targeting fundamental aging processes. From these discussions, it was evident that aging researchers have varied perceptions of the ideal preclinical pipeline. To forge a clear and cohesive path forward, several areas of controversy must first be resolved and new tools developed. Here, we focus on five key issues in preclinical drug development (drug discovery, lead compound development, translational preclinical biomarkers, funding, and integration between researchers and clinicians), expanding upon discussions held at the Geroscience Retreat and suggesting areas for further research. By bringing these findings to the attention of the aging research community, we hope to lay the foundation for a concerted preclinical drug development pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin E Burd
- Department of Molecular Genetics and.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Matthew S Gill
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | | | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Kłoda K, Domański L, Kwiatkowska E, Safranow K, Drozd A, Ciechanowicz A, Ciechanowski K. BICD1 and Chromosome 18 Polymorphisms Associated With Recipients' Telomere Length Affect Kidney Allograft Function After Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:1451-5. [PMID: 27496426 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports regarding recipient's nonmodifiable genetic factors affecting telomerase activity and thus allograft function are lacking. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze the associations between recipients' rs2735940 hTERT, rs2630578 BICD1, and rs7235755 chromosome 18 polymorphisms and kidney function after transplantation. METHODS The study enrolled 119 white Polish kidney allograft recipients (64 men, 55 women; overall mean age, 47.3 ± 14.0 y). To identify genotypes of the studied polymorphisms, real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in distribution of rs7235755 chromosome 18 polymorphism genotypes and alleles between recipients with delayed graft function (DGF) and without DGF (P = .03). The presence of A allele was significantly associated with higher risk of DGF occurrence (AA + GA vs GG: OR, 3.25 [95% CI, 1.16-9.14]; P = .02; GA vs GG: OR, 4.00 [1.35-11.82]; P = .01). Analysis of the rs2630578 BICD1 gene polymorphism genotypes revealed statistically significant differences in long-term creatinine concentrations. The presence of C allele of this polymorphism was significantly associated with higher creatinine concentrations 24, 36, and 18-48 months after transplantation (GC + CC vs GG: P = .008, P = .008, and P = .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Recipients' polymorphisms of genes associated with telomere length, BICD1 and chromosome 18, but not hTERT, affect kidney allograft early and long-term function after transplantation. There is an urgent need for explanation of these observations in genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kłoda
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - L Domański
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - E Kwiatkowska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - K Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Ciechanowicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - K Ciechanowski
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Waaijer MEC, Gunn DA, Adams PD, Pawlikowski JS, Griffiths CEM, van Heemst D, Slagboom PE, Westendorp RGJ, Maier AB. P16INK4a Positive Cells in Human Skin Are Indicative of Local Elastic Fiber Morphology, Facial Wrinkling, and Perceived Age. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1022-8. [PMID: 26286607 PMCID: PMC4945882 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells are more prevalent in aged human skin compared to young, but evidence that senescent cells are linked to other biomarkers of aging is scarce. We counted cells positive for the tumor suppressor and senescence associated protein p16INK4a in sun-protected upper-inner arm skin biopsies from 178 participants (aged 45-81 years) of the Leiden Longevity Study. Local elastic fiber morphology, facial wrinkles, and perceived facial age were compared to tertiles of p16INK4a counts, while adjusting for chronological age and other potential confounders.The numbers of epidermal and dermal p16INK4a positive cells were significantly associated with age-associated elastic fiber morphologic characteristics, such as longer and a greater number of elastic fibers. The p16INK4a positive epidermal cells (identified as primarily melanocytes) were also significantly associated with more facial wrinkles and a higher perceived age. Participants in the lowest tertile of epidermal p16INK4a counts looked 3 years younger than those in the highest tertile, independently of chronological age and elastic fiber morphology.In conclusion, p16INK4a positive cell numbers in sun-protected human arm skin are indicative of both local elastic fiber morphology and the extent of aging visible in the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëtte E C Waaijer
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - David A Gunn
- Unilever Discover, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire
| | - Peter D Adams
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Beatson Laboratories, University of Glasgow
| | - Jeff S Pawlikowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Harris RC, Cheng H. Telomerase, Autophagy and Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 134:145-148. [PMID: 27376761 DOI: 10.1159/000446665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, aging is associated with telomere shortening and increased susceptibility to acute kidney injury. Telomerase is essential to maintain telomere length. The fourth generation mice with telomerase deletion have progressive shortening of telomeres. Those mice delayed recovery from ischemia-reperfusion injury, due to an increase in tubule cell senescence and impairment of autophagy, the latter of which may be mediated in part by increased mTOR signaling. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Sosa Peña MDP, Lopez-Soler R, Melendez JA. Senescence in chronic allograft nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 315:F880-F889. [PMID: 27306980 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing numbers of patients on dialysis, the numbers of renal transplants performed yearly have remained relatively static. During the last 50 years, there have been many advances in the pharmacology of prevention of organ rejection. However, most patients will suffer from a slow but steady decline in renal function leading to graft loss. The most common cause of long-term graft loss is chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Therefore, elucidating and understanding the mechanisms involved in CAN is crucial for achieving better posttransplant outcomes. It is thought that the development of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in proximal tubules is one of the first steps towards CAN, and has been shown to be a result of cellular senescence. Cells undergoing senescence acquire a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) leading to the production of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), which has been implicated in several degenerative and inflammatory processes including renal disease. A central mediator in SASP activation is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced in response to numerous physiological and pathological stimuli. This review explores the connection between SASP and the development of EMT/CAN in an effort to suggest future directions for research leading to improved long-term graft outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reynold Lopez-Soler
- Albany Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Albany, New York
| | - J Andrés Melendez
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, New York
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49
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Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: from mechanisms to therapy. Nat Med 2016; 21:1424-35. [PMID: 26646499 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1378] [Impact Index Per Article: 172.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a process that imposes permanent proliferative arrest on cells in response to various stressors, has emerged as a potentially important contributor to aging and age-related disease, and it is an attractive target for therapeutic exploitation. A wealth of information about senescence in cultured cells has been acquired over the past half century; however, senescence in living organisms is poorly understood, largely because of technical limitations relating to the identification and characterization of senescent cells in tissues and organs. Furthermore, newly recognized beneficial signaling functions of senescence suggest that indiscriminately targeting senescent cells or modulating their secretome for anti-aging therapy may have negative consequences. Here we discuss current progress and challenges in understanding the stressors that induce senescence in vivo, the cell types that are prone to senesce, and the autocrine and paracrine properties of senescent cells in the contexts of aging and age-related diseases as well as disease therapy.
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50
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Epigenetics in Kidney Transplantation: Current Evidence, Predictions, and Future Research Directions. Transplantation 2016; 100:23-38. [PMID: 26356174 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are changes to the genome that occur without any alteration in DNA sequence. These changes include cytosine methylation of DNA at cytosine-phosphate diester-guanine dinucleotides, histone modifications, microRNA interactions, and chromatin remodeling complexes. Epigenetic modifications may exert their effect independently or complementary to genetic variants and have the potential to modify gene expression. These modifications are dynamic, potentially heritable, and can be induced by environmental stimuli or drugs. There is emerging evidence that epigenetics play an important role in health and disease. However, the impact of epigenetic modifications on the outcomes of kidney transplantation is currently poorly understood and deserves further exploration. Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for end-stage renal disease, but allograft loss remains a significant challenge that leads to increased morbidity and return to dialysis. Epigenetic modifications may influence the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of the immune cells, and therefore may have a critical role in the host immune response to the allograft and its outcome. The epigenome of the donor may also impact kidney graft survival, especially those epigenetic modifications associated with early transplant stressors (e.g., cold ischemia time) and donor aging. In the present review, we discuss evidence supporting the role of epigenetic modifications in ischemia-reperfusion injury, host immune response to the graft, and graft response to injury as potential new tools for the diagnosis and prediction of graft function, and new therapeutic targets for improving outcomes of kidney transplantation.
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