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Stock AJ, Ayyar S, Kashyap A, Wang Y, Yanai H, Starost MF, Tanaka-Yano M, Bodogai M, Sun C, Wang Y, Gong Y, Puligilla C, Fang EF, Bohr VA, Liu Y, Beerman I. Boosting NAD ameliorates hematopoietic impairment linked to short telomeres in vivo. GeroScience 2023; 45:2213-2228. [PMID: 36826621 PMCID: PMC10651621 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Short telomeres are a defining feature of telomere biology disorders (TBDs), including dyskeratosis congenita (DC), for which there is no effective general cure. Patients with TBDs often experience bone marrow failure. NAD, an essential metabolic coenzyme, is decreased in models of DC. Herein, using telomerase reverse transcriptase null (Tert-/-) mice with critically short telomeres, we investigated the effect of NAD supplementation with the NAD precursor, nicotinamide riboside (NR), on features of health span disrupted by telomere impairment. Our results revealed that NR ameliorated body weight loss in Tert-/- mice and improved telomere integrity and telomere dysfunction-induced systemic inflammation. NR supplementation also mitigated myeloid skewing of Tert-/- hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, NR alleviated villous atrophy and inflammation in the small intestine of Tert-/- transplant recipient mice. Altogether, our findings support NAD intervention as a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance aspects of health span compromised by telomere attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Stock
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saipriya Ayyar
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amogh Kashyap
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yunong Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hagai Yanai
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Building 14E, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mayuri Tanaka-Yano
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica Bodogai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chongkui Sun
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yajun Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi Gong
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chandrakala Puligilla
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evandro F Fang
- DNA Repair Section, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- DNA Repair Section, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yie Liu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute On Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Mancinelli L, Intini G. Age-associated declining of the regeneration potential of skeletal stem/progenitor cells. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1087254. [PMID: 36818437 PMCID: PMC9931727 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1087254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures represent a significant health burden worldwide, mainly because of the rising number of elderly people. As people become older, the risk and the frequency of bone fractures increase drastically. Such increase arises from loss of skeletal integrity and is also associated to a reduction of the bone regeneration potential. Central to loss of skeletal integrity and reduction of regeneration potential are the skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs), as they are responsible for the growth, regeneration, and repair of the bone tissue. However, the exact identity of the SSPCs has not yet been determined. Consequently, their functions, and especially dysfunctions, during aging have never been fully characterized. In this review, with the final goal of describing SSPCs dysfunctions associated to aging, we first discuss some of the most recent findings about their identification. Then, we focus on how SSPCs participate in the normal bone regeneration process and how aging can modify their regeneration potential, ultimately leading to age-associated bone fractures and lack of repair. Novel perspectives based on our experience are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mancinelli
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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3
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Functional Impairment of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (ECFC) in Patients with Severe Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168969. [PMID: 36012229 PMCID: PMC9409296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor in atherosclerosis. However, the link between endothelial repair and severity of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is unclear. This study investigates the relationship between ASCVD, markers of inflammation, and circulating endothelial progenitor cells, namely hematopoietic cells with paracrine angiogenic activity and endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC). Two hundred and forty-three subjects from the TELARTA study were classified according to the presence of clinical atherosclerotic disease. ASCVD severity was assessed by the number of involved vascular territories. Flow cytometry was used to numerate circulating progenitor cells (PC) expressing CD34 and those co-expressing CD45, CD34, and KDR. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo culture methods were used to determine ECFC and Colony Forming Unit- endothelial cells (CFU-EC). The ECFC subpopulation was analyzed for proliferation, senescence, and vasculogenic properties. Plasma levels of IL-6 and VEGF-A were measured using Cytokine Array. Despite an increased number of circulating precursors in ASCVD patients, ASCVD impaired the colony forming capacity and the angiogenic properties of ECFC in a severity-dependent manner. Alteration of ECFC was associated with increased senescent phenotype and IL-6 levels. Our study demonstrates a decrease in ECFC repair capacity according to ASCVD severity in an inflammatory and senescence-associated secretory phenotype context.
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4
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Tomasin R, Bruni-Cardoso A. The role of cellular quiescence in cancer - beyond a quiet passenger. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276213. [PMID: 35929545 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescence, the ability to temporarily halt proliferation, is a conserved process that initially allowed survival of unicellular organisms during inhospitable times and later contributed to the rise of multicellular organisms, becoming key for cell differentiation, size control and tissue homeostasis. In this Review, we explore the concept of cancer as a disease that involves abnormal regulation of cellular quiescence at every step, from malignant transformation to metastatic outgrowth. Indeed, disrupted quiescence regulation can be linked to each of the so-called 'hallmarks of cancer'. As we argue here, quiescence induction contributes to immune evasion and resistance against cell death. In contrast, loss of quiescence underlies sustained proliferative signalling, evasion of growth suppressors, pro-tumorigenic inflammation, angiogenesis and genomic instability. Finally, both acquisition and loss of quiescence are involved in replicative immortality, metastasis and deregulated cellular energetics. We believe that a viewpoint that considers quiescence abnormalities that occur during oncogenesis might change the way we ask fundamental questions and the experimental approaches we take, potentially contributing to novel discoveries that might help to alter the course of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Tomasin
- e-signal Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ave Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- e-signal Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ave Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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5
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The p53 network: cellular and systemic DNA damage responses in cancer and aging. Trends Genet 2022; 38:598-612. [PMID: 35346511 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor protein TP53 gene, encoding the cellular tumor antigen p53, is the single most frequently mutated gene in human cancers. p53 plays a central role in responding to DNA damage and determines the outcome of the DNA damage checkpoint response by regulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. As a consequence of this function, dysfunctional p53 results in cells that, despite a damaged genome, continue to proliferate thus fueling malignant transformation. New insights have recently been gained into the complexity of the p53 regulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) and how it impacts a wide variety of cellular processes. In addition to cell-autonomous signaling mechanisms, non-cell-autonomous regulatory inputs influence p53 activity, which in turn can have systemic consequences on the organism. New inroads have also been made toward therapeutic targeting of p53 that for a long time has been anticipated.
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6
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Restoration of aged hematopoietic cells by their young counterparts through instructive microvesicles release. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23981-24016. [PMID: 34762598 PMCID: PMC8610119 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses the potential to reverse age-associated morbidity by establishing methods to restore the aged hematopoietic system. Parabiotic animal models indicated that young secretome could restore aged tissues, leading us to establish a heterochronic transwell system with aged mobilized peripheral blood (MPB), co-cultured with young MPB or umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells. Functional studies and omics approaches indicate that the miRNA cargo of microvesicles (MVs) restores the aged hematopoietic system. The in vitro findings were validated in immune deficient (NSG) mice carrying an aged hematopoietic system, improving aged hallmarks such as increased lymphoid:myeloid ratio, decreased inflammation and cellular senescence. Elevated MYC and E2F pathways, and decreased p53 were key to hematopoietic restoration. These processes require four restorative miRs that target the genes for transcription/differentiation, namely PAX and phosphatase PPMIF. These miRs when introduced in aged cells were sufficient to restore the aged hematopoietic system in NSG mice. The aged MPBs were the drivers of their own restoration, as evidenced by the changes from distinct baseline miR profiles in MPBs and UCB to comparable expressions after exposure to aged MPBs. Restorative natural killer cells eliminated dormant breast cancer cells in vivo, indicating the broad relevance of this cellular paradigm - preventing and reversing age-associated disorders such as clearance of early malignancies and enhanced responses to vaccine and infection.
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7
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Zhang K, Wang L, Hong X, Chen H, Shi Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Liu JP. Pulmonary Alveolar Stem Cell Senescence, Apoptosis, and Differentiation by p53-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms in Telomerase-Deficient Mice. Cells 2021; 10:2892. [PMID: 34831112 PMCID: PMC8616483 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary premature ageing and fibrogenesis as in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) occur with the DNA damage response in lungs deficient of telomerase. The molecular mechanism mediating pulmonary alveolar cell fates remains to be investigated. The present study shows that naturally occurring ageing is associated with the DNA damage response (DDR) and activation of the p53 signalling pathway. Telomerase deficiency induced by telomerase RNA component (TERC) knockout (KO) accelerates not only replicative senescence but also altered differentiation and apoptosis of the pulmonary alveolar stem cells (AEC2) in association with increased innate immune natural killer (NK) cells in TERC KO mice. TERC KO results in increased senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) marker HP1γ, p21, p16, and apoptosis-associated cleaved caspase-3 in AEC2. However, additional deficiency of the tumour suppressor p53 in the Trp53-/- allele of the late generation of TERC KO mice attenuates the increased senescent and apoptotic markers significantly. Moreover, p53 deficiency has no significant effect on the increased gene expression of T1α (a marker of terminal differentiated AEC1) in AEC2 of the late generation of TERC KO mice. These findings demonstrate that, in natural ageing or premature ageing accelerated by telomere shortening, pulmonary senescence and IPF develop with alveolar stem cell p53-dependent premature replicative senescence, apoptosis, and p53-independent differentiation, resulting in pulmonary senescence-associated low-grade inflammation (SALI). Our studies indicate a natural ageing-associated molecular mechanism of telomerase deficiency-induced telomere DDR and SALI in pulmonary ageing and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexiong Zhang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.W.); (X.H.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Lihui Wang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.W.); (X.H.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaojing Hong
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.W.); (X.H.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.W.); (X.H.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yao Shi
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.W.); (X.H.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.W.); (X.H.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.W.); (X.H.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.W.); (X.H.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
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8
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Ramalingam P, Poulos MG, Gutkin MC, Katsnelson L, Freire AG, Lazzari E, Butler JM. Endothelial mTOR maintains hematopoiesis during aging. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151661. [PMID: 32289154 PMCID: PMC7971143 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a decline in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) function. We recently discovered that aging of bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs) leads to an altered crosstalk between the BMEC niche and HSPCs, which instructs young HSPCs to behave as aged HSPCs. Here, we demonstrate aging leads to a decrease in mTOR signaling within BMECs that potentially underlies the age-related impairment of their niche activity. Our findings reveal that pharmacological inhibition of mTOR using Rapamycin has deleterious effects on hematopoiesis. To formally determine whether endothelial-specific inhibition of mTOR can influence hematopoietic aging, we conditionally deleted mTOR in ECs (mTOR(ECKO)) of young mice and observed that their HSPCs displayed attributes of an aged hematopoietic system. Transcriptional profiling of HSPCs from mTOR(ECKO) mice revealed that their transcriptome resembled aged HSPCs. Notably, during serial transplantations, exposure of wild-type HSPCs to an mTOR(ECKO) microenvironment was sufficient to recapitulate aging-associated phenotypes, confirming the instructive role of EC-derived signals in governing HSPC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Ramalingam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Michael G Poulos
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Michael C Gutkin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Lizabeth Katsnelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Ana G Freire
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Elisa Lazzari
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Jason M Butler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.,Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ.,Molecular Oncology Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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9
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Ermolaeva M, Neri F, Ori A, Rudolph KL. Cellular and epigenetic drivers of stem cell ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 19:594-610. [PMID: 29858605 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult tissue stem cells have a pivotal role in tissue maintenance and regeneration throughout the lifespan of multicellular organisms. Loss of tissue homeostasis during post-reproductive lifespan is caused, at least in part, by a decline in stem cell function and is associated with an increased incidence of diseases. Hallmarks of ageing include the accumulation of molecular damage, failure of quality control systems, metabolic changes and alterations in epigenome stability. In this Review, we discuss recent evidence in support of a novel concept whereby cell-intrinsic damage that accumulates during ageing and cell-extrinsic changes in ageing stem cell niches and the blood result in modifications of the stem cell epigenome. These cumulative epigenetic alterations in stem cells might be the cause of the deregulation of developmental pathways seen during ageing. In turn, they could confer a selective advantage to mutant and epigenetically drifted stem cells with altered self-renewal and functions, which contribute to the development of ageing-associated organ dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ermolaeva
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany. .,Medical Faculty Jena, University Hospital Jena (UKJ), Jena, Germany.
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10
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Shin DY, Park JK, Li CC, Park HS, Moon SY, Kim SM, Im K, Chang YH, Yoon SS, Lee DS. Replicative senescence of hematopoietic cells in patients with idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance. Leuk Res 2019; 79:22-26. [PMID: 30831479 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that a subset of idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance (ICUS) is associated with an increased autonomous proliferation with exhaustion of hematopoiesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the cell turnover rate and replicative history of the bone marrow cells of ICUS patients. To this end, we examined telomere length (TL), proliferation, and apoptosis of the bone marrow cells of ICUS patients and healthy controls (HCs) using telomere quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3. We also performed targeted sequencing of 88 myeloid-associated genes. A total of 37 patients with ICUS were enrolled in this study, with a median age of 66 years (range: 31-83). TLs were significantly shorter in patients with ICUS than in the HCs (8.8, interquartile range [IQR] 6.8-12.1 vs 18.4, IQR 14.4-22.0, p < 0.0001). Proliferation (Ki-67-positive) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3-positive) were significantly increased in patients with ICUS compared to HCs (median = 20.0% vs 5.0%, p = 0.0003; 45.0% vs 22.5%, p = 0.0005, respectively). The shortening of TL and the increased proliferation and apoptotic activity was also prominent in patients with ICUS without mutation and dysplasia than in HCs (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.0093, respectively). TL was not associated with mutational profile and clinical characteristics as well in patients with ICUS. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that ICUS is associated with premature replicative senescence with increased proliferation and apoptosis of bone marrow cells. Further study is needed to address the cause of replicative exhaustion in ICUS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeop Shin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyun Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chih Chiao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Sue Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyongok Im
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Hwan Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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11
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Zhang J, Han X, Zhao Y, Xue X, Fan S. Mouse serum protects against total body irradiation-induced hematopoietic system injury by improving the systemic environment after radiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:382-392. [PMID: 30578918 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in total body irradiation (TBI)-induced hematopoietic system injury. However, the mechanisms involved in ROS production in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) post TBI need to be further explored. In this study, we demonstrated that hematopoietic system injury in mice radiated with TBI was effectively alleviated when the blood circulation environment was changed via the injection of serum from non-radiated mice. Serum injection increased the survival of radiated mice and ameliorated TBI-induced hematopoietic system injury through attenuating myeloid skew, increasing HSC frequency, and promoting the reconstitution of radiated HSCs. Serum injection also decreased ROS levels in HSCs and regulated oxidative stress-related proteins. A serum proteome sequence array showed that proteins related to tissue injury and oxidative stress were regulated, and a serum-derived exosome microRNA sequence assay showed that the PI3K-Akt and Hippo signaling pathways were affected in radiated mice injected with serum from non-radiated mice. Furthermore, a significant increase in cell viability and a decrease in ROS were observed in radiated lineage-c-kit+ cells treated with serum-derived exosomes. Similarly, an improvement in the impaired differentiation of HSCs was observed in radiated mice injected with serum-derived exosomes. Taken together, our observations suggest that serum from non-radiated mice alleviates HSC injury in radiated mice by improving the systemic environment after radiation, and exosomes contribute to this radioprotective effect as important serum active component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science/Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Xiaodan Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science/Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science/Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaolei Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science/Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; Baokang Hospital, University of Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science/Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
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12
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Telomere shortening activates TGF-β/Smads signaling in lungs and enhances both lipopolysaccharide and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1735-1745. [PMID: 29925920 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a high-morbidity and high-mortality lung disease of unknown etiology. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, wild-type (WT) mice with normal telomeres and generation 3 (G3) or G2 telomerase RNA component (TERC) knockout Terc-/- mice with short telomeres were treated with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or bleomycin by intratracheal injection. We show that under LPS induction, G3 Terc-/- mice develop aggravated pulmonary fibrosis as indicated by significantly increased α-SMA, collagen I and hydroxyproline content. Interestingly, TGF-β/Smads signaling is markedly activated in the lungs of G3 Terc-/- mice, as indicated by markedly elevated levels of phosphorylated Smad3 and TGF-β1, compared with those of WT mice. This TGF-β/Smads signaling activation is significantly increased in the lungs of LPS-treated G3 Terc-/- mice compared with those of LPS-treated WT or untreated G3 Terc-/- mice. A similar pattern of TGF-β/Smads signaling activation and the enhancing role of telomere shortening in pulmonary fibrosis are also confirmed in bleomycin-induced model. Moreover, LPS challenge produced more present cellular senescence, apoptosis and infiltration of innate immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs of G3 Terc-/- mice, compared with WT mice. To our knowledge, this is the first time to report telomere shortening activated TGF-β/Smads signaling in lungs. Our data suggest that telomere shortening cooperated with environment-induced lung injury accelerates the development of pulmonary fibrosis, and telomere shortening confers an inherent enhancing factor to the genesis of IPF through activation of TGF-β/Smads signaling.
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Searching for Clinically Relevant Biomarkers in Geriatric Oncology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3793154. [PMID: 29670897 PMCID: PMC5835288 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3793154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ageing, which is associated with a progressive decline and functional deterioration in multiple organ systems, is highly heterogeneous, both inter- and intraindividually. For this, tailored-made theranostics and optimum patient stratification become fundamental, when decision-making in elderly patients is considered. In particular, when cancer incidence and cancer-related mortality and morbidity are taken into account, elderly patient care is a public health concern. In this review, we focus on oncogeriatrics and highlight current opportunities and challenges with an emphasis on the unmet need of clinically relevant biomarkers in elderly cancer patients. We performed a literature search on PubMed and Scopus databases for articles published in English between 2000 and 2017 coupled to text mining and analysis. Considering the top insights, we derived from our literature analysis that information knowledge needs to turn into knowledge growth in oncogeriatrics towards clinically relevant biomarkers, cost-effective practices, updated educational schemes for health professionals (in particular, geriatricians and oncologists), and awareness of ethical issues. We conclude with an interdisciplinary call to omics, geriatricians, oncologists, informatics, and policy-makers communities that Big Data should be translated into decision-making in the clinic.
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Liao M, Wang J. Mechanisms of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Ageing and Targets for Hematopoietic Tumour Prevention. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1086:117-140. [PMID: 30232756 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1117-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells represent a rare population in the bone marrow, with the capacity of generating all blood lineage and themselves at the same time. With aging, the reconstitution capacity of hematopoietic stem cells decreases accompanying with differentiation skewing wherein the myeloid branch dominates in both mouse and human. In recent years, various molecular mechanisms that induce functional decline of HSC during aging were disclosed including DNA damage accumulation, metabolic alteration, defects in protein homeostasis, and aging-induced changes in the blood circulatory environment. Deciphering the nature of HSC aging could improve our knowledge of HSC aging-related diseases and furthermore promote the developing of therapeutic interventions for human HSC aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Increased IL-6 secretion by aged human mesenchymal stromal cells disrupts hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells' homeostasis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13285-96. [PMID: 26934440 PMCID: PMC4924641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis declines with age, leading to impaired hematopoiesis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are critical components of the bone marrow niche and key regulators of the balance between HSPC proliferation and quiescence. Accrual of DNA damage, a hallmark of cellular aging, occurs in aged MSC. Whether MSC aging alters the bone marrow niche triggering HSPC dysfunction is unknown. Using a human MSC-HSPC co-culture system, we demonstrated that DNA damaged MSC have impaired capacity to maintain CD34+CD38− HSPC quiescence. Furthermore, human MSC from adult donors display some hallmarks of cellular senescence and have a decreased capacity to maintain HSPC quiescence and the most primitive CD34+CD38− subset compared to MSC from pediatric donors. IL-6 neutralization restores the MSC-HPSC crosstalk in senescent and adult MSC-HSPC co-cultures highlighting the relevance of the local microenvironment in maintaining HSPC homeostasis. These results provide new evidence implicating components of the MSC secretome in HSPC aging.
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16
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Yuan YH, Zhao SS, Wang XL, Teng ZP, Li DS, Zeng Y. HIV-1 p55-gag protein induces senescence of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and reduces their capacity to support expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:969-981. [PMID: 28544005 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-hong Yuan
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research; Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine; Shiyan 442000 Hubei China
| | - Shan-shan Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research; Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine; Shiyan 442000 Hubei China
| | - Xiao-li Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research; Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine; Shiyan 442000 Hubei China
| | - Zhi-ping Teng
- Institute of Virology; Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Dong-sheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research; Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine; Shiyan 442000 Hubei China
| | - Yi Zeng
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
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Madonna R, Novo G, Balistreri CR. Cellular and molecular basis of the imbalance between vascular damage and repair in ageing and age-related diseases: As biomarkers and targets for new treatments. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Tang D, Tao S, Chen Z, Koliesnik IO, Calmes PG, Hoerr V, Han B, Gebert N, Zörnig M, Löffler B, Morita Y, Rudolph KL. Dietary restriction improves repopulation but impairs lymphoid differentiation capacity of hematopoietic stem cells in early aging. J Exp Med 2016; 213:535-53. [PMID: 26951333 PMCID: PMC4821645 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) improves health, delays tissue aging, and elongates survival in flies and worms. However, studies on laboratory mice and nonhuman primates revealed ambiguous effects of DR on lifespan despite improvements in health parameters. In this study, we analyzed consequences of adult-onset DR (24 h to 1 yr) on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. DR ameliorated HSC aging phenotypes, such as the increase in number of HSCs and the skewing toward myeloid-biased HSCs during aging. Furthermore, DR increased HSC quiescence and improved the maintenance of the repopulation capacity of HSCs during aging. In contrast to these beneficial effects, DR strongly impaired HSC differentiation into lymphoid lineages and particularly inhibited the proliferation of lymphoid progenitors, resulting in decreased production of peripheral B lymphocytes and impaired immune function. The study shows that DR-dependent suppression of growth factors and interleukins mediates these divergent effects caused by DR. Supplementation of insulin-like growth factor 1 partially reverted the DR-induced quiescence of HSCs, whereas IL-6/IL-7 substitutions rescued the impairment of B lymphopoiesis exposed to DR. Together, these findings delineate positive and negative effects of long-term DR on HSC functionality involving distinct stress and growth signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duozhuang Tang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Si Tao
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Verena Hoerr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bing Han
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nadja Gebert
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Zörnig
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bettina Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yohei Morita
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karl Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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19
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Porto ML, Rodrigues BP, Menezes TN, Ceschim SL, Casarini DE, Gava AL, Pereira TMC, Vasquez EC, Campagnaro BP, Meyrelles SS. Reactive oxygen species contribute to dysfunction of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells in aged C57BL/6 J mice. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:97. [PMID: 26498041 PMCID: PMC4619579 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cells of intensely regenerative tissues are susceptible to cellular damage. Although the response to this process in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is crucial, the mechanisms by which hematopoietic homeostasis is sustained are not completely understood. Aging increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inflammation, which contribute to increased proliferation, senescence and/or apoptosis, leading to self-renewal premature exhaustion. In this study, we assessed ROS production, DNA damage, apoptosis, senescence and plasticity in young, middle and aged (2-, 12- and 24-month-old, respectively) C57BL/6 J mice. Results Aged HSCs showed an increase in intracellular superoxide anion (1.4-fold), hydrogen peroxide (2-fold), nitric oxide (1.6-fold), peroxynitrite/hidroxil (2.6-fold) compared with young cells. We found that mitochondria and NADPHox were the major sources of ROS production in the three groups studied, whereas CYP450 contributed in middle and aged, and xanthine oxidase only in aged HSCs. In addition, we observed DNA damage and apoptosis in the middle (4.2- and 2-fold, respectively) and aged (6- and 4-fold, respectively) mice; aged mice also exhibited a significantly shorter telomere length (−1.8-fold) and a lower expression of plasticity markers. Conclusion These data suggest that aging impairs the functionality of HSCs and that these age-associated alterations may affect the efficacy of aged HSC recovery and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella L Porto
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
| | - Bianca P Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
| | - Thiago N Menezes
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
| | - Sara L Ceschim
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Dulce E Casarini
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Agata L Gava
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Thiago Melo C Pereira
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil. .,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Elisardo C Vasquez
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil. .,Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Bianca P Campagnaro
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Silvana S Meyrelles
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
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20
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Müller L, Pawelec G. As we age: Does slippage of quality control in the immune system lead to collateral damage? Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:116-23. [PMID: 25676139 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate adaptive immune system is remarkable for its possession of a very broad range of antigen receptors imbuing the system with exquisite specificity, in addition to the phagocytic and inflammatory cells of the innate system shared with invertebrates. This system requires strict control both at the level of the generation the cells carrying these receptors and at the level of their activation and effector function mediation in order to avoid autoimmunity and mitigate immune pathology. Thus, quality control checkpoints are built into the system at multiple nodes in the response, relying on clonal selection and regulatory networks to maximize pathogen-directed effects and minimize collateral tissue damage. However, these checkpoints are compromised with age, resulting in poorer immune control manifesting as tissue-damaging autoimmune and inflammatory phenomena which can cause widespread systemic disease, paradoxically compounding the problems associated with increased susceptibility to infectious disease and possibly cancer in the elderly. Better understanding the reasons for slippage of immune control will pave the way for developing rational strategies for interventions to maintain appropriate immunity while reducing immunopathology.
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21
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Raval A, Behbehani GK, Nguyen LXT, Thomas D, Kusler B, Garbuzov A, Ramunas J, Holbrook C, Park CY, Blau H, Nolan GP, Artandi SE, Mitchell BS. Reversibility of Defective Hematopoiesis Caused by Telomere Shortening in Telomerase Knockout Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131722. [PMID: 26133370 PMCID: PMC4489842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening is common in bone marrow failure syndromes such as dyskeratosis congenita (DC), aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, improved knowledge of the lineage-specific consequences of telomere erosion and restoration of telomere length in hematopoietic progenitors is required to advance therapeutic approaches. We have employed a reversible murine model of telomerase deficiency to compare the dependence of erythroid and myeloid lineage differentiation on telomerase activity. Fifth generation Tert-/- (G5 Tert-/-) mice with shortened telomeres have significant anemia, decreased erythroblasts and reduced hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) populations associated with neutrophilia and increased myelopoiesis. Intracellular multiparameter analysis by mass cytometry showed significantly reduced cell proliferation and increased sensitivity to activation of DNA damage checkpoints in erythroid progenitors and in erythroid-biased CD150hi HSC, but not in myeloid progenitors. Strikingly, Cre-inducible reactivation of telomerase activity restored hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation, normalized the DNA damage response, and improved red cell production and hemoglobin levels. These data establish a direct link between the loss of TERT activity, telomere shortening and defective erythropoiesis and suggest that novel strategies to restore telomerase function may have an important role in the treatment of the resulting anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Raval
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Gregory K. Behbehani
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Le Xuan Truong Nguyen
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, United States of America
| | - Brenda Kusler
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Alina Garbuzov
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - John Ramunas
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, United States of America
| | - Colin Holbrook
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, United States of America
| | - Christopher Y. Park
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Helen Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, United States of America
| | - Garry P. Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Artandi
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Beverly S. Mitchell
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Abstract
Aging is associated with impairments in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and an increased risk of leukemogenesis. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Sun et al. (2014) use highly purified HSCs along with an integrated genomic approach to evaluate aging-associated alterations in the epigenome and transcriptome of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tümpel
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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23
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Dietary restriction ameliorates haematopoietic ageing independent of telomerase, whilst lack of telomerase and short telomeres exacerbates the ageing phenotype. Exp Gerontol 2014; 58:113-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Behrens A, van Deursen JM, Rudolph KL, Schumacher B. Impact of genomic damage and ageing on stem cell function. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:201-7. [PMID: 24576896 PMCID: PMC4214082 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of stem cell function contributes to the progressive deterioration of tissue maintenance and repair with ageing. Evidence is mounting that age-dependent accumulation of DNA damage in both stem cells and cells that comprise the stem cell microenvironment are partly responsible for stem cell dysfunction with ageing. Here, we review the impact of the various types of DNA damage that accumulate with ageing on stem cell functionality, as well as the development of cancer. We discuss DNA-damage-induced cell intrinsic and extrinsic alterations that influence these processes, and review recent advances in understanding systemic adjustments to DNA damage and how they affect stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Behrens
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK, and the School of Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, 07745, Germany, and the Research Group on Molecular Aging, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, and the Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Institute for Genetics, and Systems Biology of Cologne, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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25
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Zhang J, Yang R, Zhou D, Rudolph KL, Meng A, Ju Z. Exonuclease 1 is essential for maintaining genomic stability and the proliferative capacity of neural but not hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:250-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
Tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity rely on rare populations of somatic stem cells endowed with the potential to self-renew and differentiate. During aging, many tissues show a decline in regenerative potential coupled with a loss of stem cell function. Cells including somatic stem cells have evolved a series of checks and balances to sense and repair cellular damage to maximize tissue function. However, during aging the mechanisms that protect normal cell function begin to fail. In this review, we will discuss how common cellular mechanisms that maintain tissue fidelity and organismal lifespan impact somatic stem cell function. We will highlight context-dependent changes and commonalities that define aging, by focusing on three age-sensitive stem cell compartments: blood, neural, and muscle. Understanding the interaction between extrinsic regulators and intrinsic effectors that operate within different stem cell compartments is likely to have important implications for identifying strategies to improve health span and treat age-related degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjoon Jung
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew S Brack
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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Liu J, Xu CY, Cai SZ, Zhou Y, Li J, Jiang R, Wang YP. Senescence Effects of Angelica sinensis Polysaccharides on Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Stem and Progenitor Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:6549-56. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cells of the immune system are replaced in large numbers throughout life, and the underlying mechanisms have been extensively studied. Whereas the pace of discovery in this area is unprecedented, many questions remain, particularly with respect to lymphocyte formation. RECENT FINDINGS While transcription factors have long been a focus of investigation, microRNAs are also being implicated in lymphopoiesis. Lymphocytes are normally replaced in correct proportion to other blood cells, but ratios change dramatically during infections. Long-standing issues relating to T versus B lineage divergence remain but have been enriched with remarkable new findings about thymus seeding. There are indications that at least some age-related changes in lymphopoiesis may be reversible. Finally, knowledge obtained from studies of mice is slowly being extended to humans. SUMMARY We can now appreciate that new lymphoid progenitors are drawn from a heterogeneous collection of hematopoietic stem cells through asynchronous patterns of gene expression. Complex interactions then occur between the gene products, preparing lymphoid progenitors to respond to environmental cues. Whereas unique markers describe the process of lymphocyte formation in humans, fundamental information now available should suggest ways to promote rebound from chemotherapy or transplantation and reverse declines associated with aging.
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29
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Cardiac primitive cells become committed to a cardiac fate in adult human heart with chronic ischemic disease but fail to acquire mature phenotype: genetic and phenotypic study. Basic Res Cardiol 2012; 108:320. [PMID: 23224139 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-012-0320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult human heart hosts a population of cardiac primitive CD117-positive cells (CPCs), which are responsible for physiological tissue homeostasis and regeneration. While the bona fide stem cells express telomerase, their progenies are no longer able to preserve telomeric DNA; hence the balance between their proliferation and differentiation has to be tightly controlled in order to prevent cellular senescence and apoptosis of CPCs before their maturation can be accomplished. We have examined at cellular and molecular level the proliferation, apoptosis and commitment of CPCs isolated from normal (CPC-N) and age-matched pathological adult human hearts (CPC-P) with ischemic heart disease. In the CPC-P, genes related to early stages of developmental processes, nervous system development and neurogenesis, skeletal development, bone and cartilage development were downregulated, while those involved in mesenchymal cell differentiation and heart development were upregulated, together with the transcriptional activation of TGFβ/BMP signaling pathway. In the pathological heart, asymmetric division was the prevalent type of cardiac stem cell division. The population of CPC-P consisted mainly of progenitors of cardiac cell lineages and less precursors; these cells proliferated more, but were also more susceptible to apoptosis with respect to CPC-N. These results indicate that CPCs fail to reach terminal differentiation and functional competence in pathological conditions. Adverse effects of underlying pathology, which disrupts cardiac tissue structure and composition, and cellular senescence, resulting from cardiac stem cell activation in telomere dysfunctional environment, can be responsible for such outcome.
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30
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Consequences of telomere shortening during lifespan. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 24:804-8. [PMID: 23127607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase expression is restricted in human cells and so telomeres shorten throughout our lives, providing a tumour suppressor mechanism that limits cell proliferation. As a trade-off, continuous telomere erosion results in replicative senescence and contributes to ageing. Recently, telomerase therapies were proposed as a valid approach to rescue degenerative phenotypes caused by telomere dysfunction. However, systemic effects initiated by short telomeres may prove dominant in limiting tissue renewal in the whole organism. Most of our knowledge of telomere biology derives from mouse models that do not rely on telomere exhaustion for controlling cell proliferation and tissue homeostasis. In order to understand the impact of telomere shortening in natural ageing, we need to investigate animal models that, like humans, have evolved to have telomere length as a cell division clock.
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Van Zant G, Liang Y. Concise review: hematopoietic stem cell aging, life span, and transplantation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197871 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal and multilineage differentiation of stem cells are keys to the lifelong homeostatic maintenance of tissues and organs. Hematopoietic aging, characterized by immunosenescence, proinflammation, and anemia, is attributed to age-associated changes in the number and function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their microenvironmental niche. Genetic variants and factors regulating stem cell aging are correlatively or causatively associated with overall organismal aging and longevity. Translational use of HSCs for transplantation and gene therapy demands effective methods for stem cell expansion. Targeting the molecular pathways involved in HSC self-renewal, proliferation, and homing has led to enhanced expansion and engraftment of stem cells upon transplantation. HSC transplantation is less effective in elderly people, even though this is the demographic with the greatest need for this form of treatment. Thus, understanding the biological changes in the aging of stem cells as well as local and systematic environments will improve the efficacy of aged stem cells for regenerative medicine and ultimately facilitate improved health and life spans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Van Zant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Sperka T, Wang J, Rudolph KL. DNA damage checkpoints in stem cells, ageing and cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012; 13:579-90. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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