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Oranchuk DJ, Diewald SN, McGrath JW, Nelson AR, Storey AG, Cronin JB. Kinetic and kinematic profile of eccentric quasi-isometric loading. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:758-771. [PMID: 33666143 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1890198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Eccentric quasi-isometric (EQI) contractions (maintaining a yielding contraction for as long as possible, beyond task failure) have gained interest in research and applied settings. However, little is known regarding the biomechanical profile of EQIs. Fourteen well-trained males performed four maximal effort knee-extensor EQIs, separated by 180 seconds. Angular impulse, velocity, and time-under-tension through the 30-100º range of motion (ROM), and in eight ROM brackets were quantified. Statistical parametric mapping, analyses of variance, and standardised effects (Hedges' g (ES), %Δ) detected between-contraction joint-angle-specific differences in time-normalised and absolute variables. Mean velocity was 1.34º·s-1 with most (62.5 ± 4.9%) of the angular impulse imparted between 40-70º. Most between-contraction changes occurred between 30-50º (p≤ 0.067, ES = 0.53 ± 0.31, 60 ± 52%), while measures remained constant between 50-100º (= 0.069-0.83, ES = 0.10 ± 0.26, 14.3 ± 24.6%). EQIs are a time-efficient means to impart high cumulative mechanical tension, especially at short to medium muscle lengths. However, angular impulse distribution shifts towards medium to long muscle lengths with repeat contractions. Practitioners may utilise EQIs to emphasize the initial portion of the ROM, and limit ROM, or apply EQIs in a fatigued state to emphasize longer muscle lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Oranchuk
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shelley N Diewald
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joey W McGrath
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - André R Nelson
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam G Storey
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John B Cronin
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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2
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Chatrenet A, Piccoli G, Audebrand JM, Torreggiani M, Barbieux J, Vaillant C, Morel B, Durand S, Beaune B. Analysis of the rate of force development reveals high neuromuscular fatigability in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2016-2028. [PMID: 37439126 PMCID: PMC10570076 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces muscle wasting and a reduction in the maximum voluntary force (MVF). Little is known about the neuromuscular fatigability in CKD patients, defined as the reduction of muscle force capacities during exercise. Neuromuscular fatigability is a crucial physical parameter of the daily living. The quantification of explosive force has been shown to be a sensitive means to assess neuromuscular fatigability. Thus, our study used explosive force estimates to assess neuromuscular fatigability in elderly CKD patients. METHODS Inclusion criteria for CKD patients were age ≥ 60 years old and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 not on dialysis, and those for controls were GFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , age and diabetes matched. The fatigability protocol focused on a handgrip task coupled with surface electromyography (sEMG). Scalars were extracted from the rate of force development (RFD): absolute and normalized time periods (50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 ms, RFD50 , RFD75 , RFD100 , RFD150 and RFD200 , respectively), peak RFD (RFDpeak in absolute; NRFDpeak normalized), time-to-peak RFD (t-RFDpeak ) and the relative force at RFDpeak (MVF-RFDpeak ). A statistical parametric mapping approach was performed on the force, impulse and RFD-time curves. The integrated sEMG with time at 0-30, 0-50, 0-100 and 0-200 ms time intervals relative to onset of sEMG activity was extracted and groups were compared separately for each sex. RESULTS The cohort of 159 individuals had a median age of 69 (9IQR ) years and body mass index was 27.6 (6.2IQR ) kg/m2 . Propensity-score-matched groups balanced CKD patients and controls by gender with 66 males and 34 females. In scalar analysis, CKD patients manifested a higher decrement than controls in the early phase of contraction, regarding the NRFDpeak (P = 0.009; η2 p = 0.034) and RFD75 and RFD100 (for both P < 0.001; η2 p = 0.068 and 0.064). The one-dimensional analysis confirmed that CKD males manifest higher and delayed neuromuscular fatigability, especially before 100 ms from onset of contraction. sEMG was lower in CKD patients than controls in the 0-100 ms (at rest: P = 0.049, Cohen's d = 0.458) and 0-200 ms (at rest: P = 0.016, Cohen's d = 0.496; during exercise: P = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.421) time windows. Controls showed greater decrease of sEMG than CKD patients in the 0-30 ms (P = 0.020, Cohen's d = 0.533) and 0-50 ms (P = 0.010, Cohen's d = 0.640) time windows. As opposite to females, males showed almost the same differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to show that CKD patients have higher fatigability than controls, which may be associated with an impaired motor-unit recruitment, highlighting a neural drive disturbance with CKD. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Chatrenet
- Le Mans Université, Movement – Interactions – Performance, MIP, UR4334Le MansFrance
- Department of NephrologyCentre Hospitalier Le MansLe MansFrance
| | | | | | | | - Julien Barbieux
- Department of Digestive SurgeryCentre Hospitalier Le MansLe MansFrance
| | - Charly Vaillant
- Department of EndocrinologyCentre Hospitalier Le MansLe MansFrance
| | - Baptiste Morel
- Inter‐University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424)Université Savoie Mont BlancChambéryFrance
| | - Sylvain Durand
- Le Mans Université, Movement – Interactions – Performance, MIP, UR4334Le MansFrance
| | - Bruno Beaune
- Le Mans Université, Movement – Interactions – Performance, MIP, UR4334Le MansFrance
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Marathamuthu S, Selvanayagam VS, Yusof A. Contralateral Effects of Eccentric Exercise and DOMS of the Plantar Flexors: Evidence of Central Involvement. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:240-249. [PMID: 32976088 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1819526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Peripheral and central factors play important roles in the reduction of motor performance following damaging eccentric exercise and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Following this regime, contralateral limbs could also be affected; however, the factors involved remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to distinguish the peripheral and central factors following eccentric contraction and DOMS of the plantar flexors in treated and contralateral homologous limbs. Methods: Ten males (BMI = 25.08 ± 1.69kgm-2; age = 28.70 ± 4.24 years) were randomly assigned to experimental (DOM) or control (CON) groups. The DOM group performed a damaging eccentric exercise, while the CON group rested. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), pain rating scale (PRS), muscle stiffness, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and neural voluntary activation (VA) were measured before, after 10 min, and after 24, 48, and 72 hr on treated and contralateral limbs. Results: Following exercise, CK increased until after 48 hr, while PRS increased until after 72 hr compared to the CON group. Importantly, MVC was reduced at all time points, with the greatest reduction observed after 24 hr (-16%), while VA was affected until after 48 hr, with the greatest reduction at after 10 min (-7%). Interestingly, a "cross-over effect" was observed in contralateral limbs when PRS, MVC, and VA were negatively affected following the same pattern (time line) as treated limbs (-13% peak MVC reduction; -3.5% peak VA reduction). Conclusion: These findings suggest a substantial central contribution to the reduction in force immediately following eccentric exercise and to a lesser extent during the latter part of DOMS in both treated and contralateral limbs.
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4
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Oliveira J, Casanova N, Gomes JS, Pezarat-Correia P, Freitas S, Vaz JR. Changes in torque complexity and maximal torque after a fatiguing exercise protocol. Sports Biomech 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35485846 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2067588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Torque outputs exhibit non-random fluctuations in their temporal structure, i.e., complexity. Fatigue has been shown to alter this structure. The torque outputs typically become more regular, resulting in decreased adaptability. Importantly, torque complexity was shown a different recovery pattern after fatigue compared to maximal torque. However, it remains to be understood if these uncoupled patterns of recovery are muscle dependent. In addition, it also remains to be investigated if changes in maximal torque and complexity are correlated. This study investigated (i) the effects of a fatiguing protocol on the complexity and maximal torque from plantar flexors and (ii) the relationship between changes in these two outputs. Ten participants visited the laboratory, and measures were taken at baseline, immediately after, 1 h after and 24 h after the fatiguing protocol. Maximum voluntary contraction, isometric contractions at 30% of maximum and pain pressure threshold were collected. Both legs were assessed, but only one was given the fatiguing protocol. Two-way ANOVAs and correlations were conducted. The fatiguing protocol decreased torque complexity (~35%) and maximal torque (~20%), and they exhibited uncoupled patterns of recovery. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed no correlation between changes in these parameters. These findings support that these parameters are independent of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Oliveira
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Casanova
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - João S Gomes
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pezarat-Correia
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandro Freitas
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João R Vaz
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Neuromuscular Impact of Acute Hypertrophic Resistance Loading With and Without Blood-Flow Restriction. J Hum Kinet 2022; 82:27-37. [PMID: 36196340 PMCID: PMC9465727 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring acute neuromuscular fatigue induced by different modalities of resistance exercise would help understand the adaptation subsequent to specific training programs. Therefore, we investigated the acute impact of high-intensity and low-intensity blood flow-restricted resistance exercise on the development of explosive torque throughout the torque-time curve. Seventeen healthy, young participants were included in a randomized, counterbalanced within-subjects design study, in which participants underwent two experimental conditions, separated by a 1-wk period. Low-intensity blood-flow restricted exercise and high-intensity resistance exercise were performed using dynamic elbow flexion at 20 and 75% of 1 repetition maximum, respectively. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and the sequential rate of torque development (absolute and relative) were measured before and after exercise. Both protocols elicited a similar decrement in MVC (~ 25%) and in the peak rate of torque development after exercise (~ 45%). The absolute rate of torque development (0-50 and 50-100 ms) was also reduced (p<0.05) similarly between conditions. After normalizing torque values to MVC, this was only sustained for the rate of torque development 0-50ms (p<0.05). We found that both exercise protocols induced similar acute attenuation of the absolute rate of torque development up to the first 100 ms of MVC. We also demonstrated that the reduction in the rate of torque development between 50-100ms (in both protocols) was largely explained by an acute deficit in muscle strength post-exercise. Conversely, the impact of each protocol on the first 50ms of muscle torque did not depend on lower levels of muscle strength after exercise.
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Cvetic D, Janicijevic D, Knezevic OM, García-Ramos A, Mirkov DM. Methodological considerations for assessing whole-body strength capacity through isometric dynamometry. Sports Biomech 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35287552 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2048063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the possibility of comprehensively assessing whole-body muscle strength by testing as few muscle groups as possible, using a single testing method (isometric or isokinetic dynamometry) and a single variable (maximal force or rate of force development). Knee, hip, shoulder and elbow extensors and flexors were evaluated in males with high (n = 26) and low strength levels (n = 32). The principal component analysis revealed three factors that explained 62.5% of the total variance, while the main factors were loaded by the different testing methods and strength variables for the muscles acting on the knee (first component), hip (second component) and arm joints (third component). These results were confirmed by a three-way ANOVA which revealed a significant factor of group (P < 0.001) and the interaction test type × group (P = 0.002), but not of test type (P = 0.644), muscle group (P = 0.999), or their interactions (P > 0.205). The correlations of strength outcomes across the muscles ranged from trivial to very large (r range = -0.17, 0.84), being generally higher for the antagonistic muscles. Overall, a comprehensive assessment of whole-body muscle strength can be obtained using isometric dynamometry and maximal force, but it should consider at least one muscle group from the antagonistic pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cvetic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Janicijevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera M Knezevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Education, Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Dragan M Mirkov
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
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Lu P, Hanson NJ, Wen L, Guo F, Tian X. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Muscle Strength of Non-dominant Knee in Healthy Young Males. Front Physiol 2022; 12:788719. [PMID: 34987418 PMCID: PMC8721010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.788719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been applied in training and competition, but its effects on physical performance remain largely unknown. This study aimed to observe the effect of tDCS on muscular strength and knee activation. Nineteen healthy young men were subjected to 20 min of real stimulation (2 mA) and sham stimulation (0 mA) over the primary motor cortex (M1) bilaterally on different days. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensors and flexors, and surface electromyography (sEMG) of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) were recorded before, immediately after, and 30 min after stimulation. MVC, rate of force development (RFD), and sEMG activity were analyzed before and after each condition. MVC of the non-dominant leg extensor and flexor was significantly higher immediately after real stimulation and 30 min after stimulation than before, and MVC of the non-dominant leg flexor was significantly higher 30 min after real stimulation than that after sham stimulation (P < 0.05). The RFD of the non-dominant leg extensor and flexor immediately after real stimulation was significantly higher than before stimulation, and the RFD of the non-dominant leg extensor immediately after real stimulation and 30 min after stimulation was significantly higher than that of sham stimulation (P < 0.05). EMG analysis showed the root mean square amplitude and mean power frequency (MPF) of the non-dominant BF and RF were significantly higher immediately after real stimulation and 30 min after stimulation than before stimulation, and the MPF of the non-dominant BF EMG was significantly higher 30 min after real stimulation than that after sham stimulation (P < 0.05). Bilateral tDCS of the M1 can significantly improve the muscle strength and explosive force of the non-dominant knee extensor and flexor, which might result from increased recruitment of motor units. This effect can last until 30 min after stimulation, but there is no significant effect on the dominant knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Lu
- Department of Sports, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Nicholas J Hanson
- Department of Human Performance and Health Education, College of Human Development and Education, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Lin Wen
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Feng Guo
- College of Human Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- School of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
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8
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Ferreira AS, de Oliveira Silva D, Barton CJ, Briani RV, Taborda B, Pazzinatto MF, de Azevedo FM. Impaired Isometric, Concentric, and Eccentric Rate of Torque Development at the Hip and Knee in Patellofemoral Pain. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2492-2497. [PMID: 31045684 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ferreira, AS, de Oliveira Silva, D, Barton, CJ, Briani, RV, Taborda, B, Pazzinatto, MF, and de Azevedo, FM. Impaired isometric, concentric, and eccentric rate of torque development at the hip and knee in patellofemoral pain. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2492-2497, 2021-The aims of this study were to compare maximal muscle strength and rate of torque development (RTD) of knee extensor and hip abductor during isometric, concentric, and eccentric contractions between women with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP). Thirty-eight women with PFP (PFPG) and 38 pain-free women (CG) participated in this study. Isometric, concentric, and eccentric maximal torque and RTD of knee extensor and hip abductor were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Rate of torque development was calculated as the change in torque over the change in time from torque onset to 30, 60, and 90% of the maximal torque (RTD30%, RTD60%, and RTD90%) during isometric, concentric, and eccentric contractions. PFPG had lower isometric, concentric, and eccentric knee extensor maximal torque (29.9, 28.3, and 26.7%) compared with the CG. For knee extensor RTD, PFPG had slower isometric RTD30% (17.8%), RTD60% (21.5%), and RTD90% (23.4%); slower concentric RTD30% (35.7%), RTD60% (29.3%), and RTD90% (28.2%); and slower eccentric RTD30% (20.5%), RTD60% (25.2%), and RTD90% (22.5%) compared with the CG. PFPG had lower isometric, concentric, and eccentric hip abductor maximal torque (28.3, 21.8, and 17%) compared with the CG. For hip abductor RTD, PFPG had slower isometric RTD30% (32.6%), RTD60% (31.1%), and RTD90% (25.4%); slower concentric RTD90% (11.5%); and slower eccentric RTD30% (19.8%), RTD60% (26.4%), and RTD90% (24%) compared with the CG. In conclusion, women with PFP presented deficits in both maximal strength and RTD of knee extensor and hip abductor during isometric, concentric, and eccentric contractions, which highlight the potential importance of addressing different aspects of muscle function through exercise therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Control (LABCOM), School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), President Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Danilo de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Control (LABCOM), School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), President Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and.,Physiotherapy Department, La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Center (LASEM), School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian J Barton
- Physiotherapy Department, La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Center (LASEM), School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ronaldo V Briani
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Control (LABCOM), School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), President Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Bianca Taborda
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Control (LABCOM), School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), President Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Marcella F Pazzinatto
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Control (LABCOM), School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), President Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and.,Physiotherapy Department, La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Center (LASEM), School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fábio M de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Control (LABCOM), School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), President Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
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Exercise-induced muscle damage: mechanism, assessment and nutritional factors to accelerate recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:969-992. [PMID: 33420603 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There have been a multitude of reviews written on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and recovery. EIMD is a complex area of study as there are a host of factors such as sex, age, nutrition, fitness level, genetics and familiarity with exercise task, which influence the magnitude of performance decrement and the time course of recovery following EIMD. In addition, many reviews on recovery from exercise have ranged from the impact of nutritional strategies and recovery modalities, to complex mechanistic examination of various immune and endocrine signaling molecules. No one review can adequately address this broad array of study. Thus, in this present review, we aim to examine EIMD emanating from both endurance exercise and resistance exercise training in recreational and competitive athletes and shed light on nutritional strategies that can enhance and accelerate recovery following EIMD. In addition, the evaluation of EIMD and recovery from exercise is often complicated and conclusions often depend of the specific mode of assessment. As such, the focus of this review is also directed at the available techniques used to assess EIMD.
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10
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Hinks A, Hess A, Debenham MIB, Chen J, Mazara N, Inkol KA, Cervone DT, Spriet LL, Dalton BH, Power GA. Power loss is attenuated following a second bout of high-intensity eccentric contractions due to the repeated bout effect's protection of rate of torque and velocity development. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:461-472. [PMID: 33125854 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity unaccustomed eccentric contractions result in weakness and power loss because of fatigue and muscle damage. Through the repeated bout effect (RBE), adaptations occur, then damage and weakness are attenuated following a subsequent bout. However, it is unclear whether the RBE protects peak power output. We investigated the influence of the RBE on power production and estimated fatigue- and damage-induced neuromuscular impairments following repeated high-intensity eccentric contractions. Twelve healthy adult males performed 5 sets of 30 maximal eccentric elbow flexions and repeated an identical bout 4 weeks later. Recovery was tracked over 7 days following both bouts. Reduced maximum voluntary isometric contraction torque, and increased serum creatine kinase and self-reported soreness indirectly inferred muscle damage. Peak isotonic power, time-dependent measures - rate of velocity development (RVD) and rate of torque development (RTD) - and several electrophysiological indices of neuromuscular function were assessed. The RBE protected peak power, with a protective index of 66% 24 h after the second eccentric exercise bout. The protection of power also related to preserved RVD (R2 = 0.61, P < 0.01) and RTD (R2 = 0.39, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the RBE's protection against muscle damage permitted the estimation of fatigue-associated neuromuscular performance decrements following eccentric exercise. Novelty: The repeated bout effect protects peak isotonic power. Protection of peak power relates to preserved rates of torque and velocity development, but more so rate of velocity development. The repeated bout effect has little influence on indices of neuromuscular fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Hinks
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Adam Hess
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mathew I B Debenham
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jackey Chen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicole Mazara
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Keaton A Inkol
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Daniel T Cervone
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lawrence L Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brian H Dalton
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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11
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Camacho MA, Herrera E, Barela JA, Delgado-Diaz DC. Kinesiotaping Diminishes Delayed Muscle Soreness but does not Improve Muscular Performance. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:596-602. [PMID: 32396966 DOI: 10.1055/a-1088-5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the effect of kinesio-taping (KT) on muscle performance and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after exercise induced muscle damaged. Sixty-six healthy men volunteered to participate (age:18-25 y/o), who performed 200 isokinetic lengthening contractions of the dominant quadriceps. Then subjects were randomized to either control (no treatment), sham (no tape tension), or KT (10% tape tension) groups. Muscle performance was assessed by peak torque and muscular work during maximal isometric and concentric isokinetic contractions. DOMS intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale. Measurements were taken pre-exercise (Pre), 48 h and 96 h post-exercise. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for comparisons within group, and ANCOVA for comparisons among groups. Muscle damage was confirmed in all participants by an increase in CK activity level (p<0.01). Decrease in isometric and isokinetic peak torque was detected at 48 h in the control and sham groups (p<0.01). Muscular work decreased in all groups at 48 h (p<0.01). No differences between groups were detected in muscular performance variables. Increase in DOMS intensity was determined in all groups at 48 h. Comparisons between groups showed lower DOMS intensity in the KT group at 48 h. KT decreased DOMS intensity perception after exercise-induced muscle damage; however, it did not impact muscular performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esperanza Herrera
- Physical Therapy School, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jose Angelo Barela
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociência Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro, Brazil
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12
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Drake D, Kennedy RA, Wallace ES. Measuring what matters in isometric multi-joint rate of force development. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2667-2675. [PMID: 31418319 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1654595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate responsiveness (ability to detect change) of isometric force-time measures to neuromuscular fatigue in resistance-trained participants using two differing protocols that modified both the instructions provided to participants and the duration of the test. Both protocols were completed at two knee joint angles in the isometric squat test. Ten participants volunteered to take part in this study (age: 27.0 ± 4.5 years, strength training experience: 7.7 ± 2.6 years). Isometric peak force (ISqTpeak) and isometric explosive force (ISqTexp) test protocols were assessed at two joint angles (knee angle 100° and 125°) pre-high intensity strength training, immediately post strength training, 24-h post, 48-h post and analysed for peak and RFD performance. Participants completed eight sets of three repetitions of the back-squat exercise as the high-intensity strength training. Results showed the highest standardised response means (SRM) detected was peak force using the ISqTpeak 100, SRM -1.97 compared to an SRM of -1.31 for RFD 200 ms in the ISqTexp 125. Peak force was the most responsive variable using the ISqTpeak protocol, whereas the ISqTexp protocol was most responsive for RFD measures. Therefore, ISqTpeak and ISqTexp test protocols should not be used interchangeably to evaluate RFD variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Drake
- School of Sport, Ulster University , Northern Ireland.,Ulster Rugby, Irish Rugby Football Union , Dublin , Ireland
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13
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Rice DA, Mannion J, Lewis GN, McNair PJ, Fort L. Experimental knee pain impairs joint torque and rate of force development in isometric and isokinetic muscle activation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2065-2073. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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The Inter-Session Reliability of Isometric Force-Time Variables and the Effects of Filtering and Starting Force. J Hum Kinet 2019; 66:43-55. [PMID: 30988839 PMCID: PMC6458573 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of the present study were to assess the inter-session reliability of force-time variables recorded during isometric back squats and also to assess the effects of applying a filter to the data prior to analysis and assess the effects of different starting force thresholds on the force-time variables. Eleven resistance trained men (age: 22.5 ± 1.9 years; body mass: 90.3 ± 13.5 kg) attended two sessions where they performed isometric squats on force plates allowing the determination of force-time variables of maximal isometric force (Fmax) and different measures of the rate of force development (RFD). The force-time variables were calculated from both raw and filtered force signals. The start of the force application was determined using force thresholds of 1% or 5% of body mass (BM). Inter-session reliability for the force-time measures was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the measures. The ICC and CV ranged from 0.03 to 0.96 and 4.6 to 168%, respectively. The application of the filter significantly reduced Fmax and peak RFD (p < 0.004) and increased the reliability of the peak RFD. The use of the 5% BM threshold increased the magnitude of many of the RFD measures (p < 0.004) and resulted in slight improvements in the reliability of these measures although the resulting temporal shift in the force-time signal would preclude accurate assessment of the early phase of the RFD (< 100 ms). The use of a 1% BM starting force threshold without a filter is recommended when using the isometric back squat protocol presented here. Furthermore, the RFD calculated within specific time intervals is recommended
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Balasekaran G, Lim J, Govindaswamy VV, Foo W, Ng YC. Acute foam rolling on quadriceps performance and short-term recovery from fatigue. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Balasekaran G, Lim J, Govindaswamy VV, Ee S, Ng YC. Effect of AquaTitan bracelet on quadriceps recovery after fatiguing muscular strength and endurance exercise. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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The Influence of Verbal Instruction on Measurement Reliability and Explosive Neuromuscular Performance of the Knee Extensors. J Hum Kinet 2018; 65:21-34. [PMID: 30687416 PMCID: PMC6341959 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine the effect of verbal instruction on explosive force production and between-session measurement reliability during maximal voluntary contractions of knee extensors. Following familiarization, 20 healthy males performed 3 maximal contractions with a “hard-and-fast” instruction and 3 maximal contractions with a “fast” instruction during 2 test-retest sessions. Knee extension maximal voluntary force (Fmax) and the maximal rate of force development (RFDmax) were measured. Maximal electromechanical delay (EMDmax), and the maximal rate of muscle activation (RMAmax) of quadriceps muscles were determined. No significant effect of instruction was observed on Fmax (p > 0.05). The RFDmax and RMAmax were significantly higher with the “fast” compared to the “hard-and-fast” instruction (36.07%, ES = 1.99 and 37.24%, ES = 0.92, respectively), whereas EMDmax was significantly lower with the “fast” instruction compared to the “hard-and-fast” instruction (-3.79%, ES = - 0.29). No significant differences between test and retest measurements were found (p < 0.05). However, the reliability of the RFDmax was higher with the fast instruction compared to the hard-and-fast instruction (CV: 7.3 vs. 16.2%; ICC: 0.84 vs. 0.56). Besides, the RFDmax was associated with the RMAmax and EMDmax with a significant effect of instruction. Data showed that the instruction given prior contracting muscle affected explosive force production and associated neuromuscular variables. As a result, the “fast” instruction may be preferred in the assessment of explosive force capacity of skeletal muscle during maximal efforts.
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Implications of Impaired Endurance Performance following Single Bouts of Resistance Training: An Alternate Concurrent Training Perspective. Sports Med 2018; 47:2187-2200. [PMID: 28702901 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A single bout of resistance training induces residual fatigue, which may impair performance during subsequent endurance training if inadequate recovery is allowed. From a concurrent training standpoint, such carry-over effects of fatigue from a resistance training session may impair the quality of a subsequent endurance training session for several hours to days with inadequate recovery. The proposed mechanisms of this phenomenon include: (1) impaired neural recruitment patterns; (2) reduced movement efficiency due to alteration in kinematics during endurance exercise and increased energy expenditure; (3) increased muscle soreness; and (4) reduced muscle glycogen. If endurance training quality is consistently compromised during the course of a specific concurrent training program, optimal endurance development may be limited. Whilst the link between acute responses of training and subsequent training adaptation has not been fully established, there is some evidence suggesting that cumulative effects of fatigue may contribute to limiting optimal endurance development. Thus, the current review will (1) explore cross-sectional studies that have reported impaired endurance performance following a single, or multiple bouts, of resistance training; (2) identify the potential impact of fatigue on chronic endurance development; (3) describe the implications of fatigue on the quality of endurance training sessions during concurrent training, and (4) explain the mechanisms contributing to resistance training-induced attenuation on endurance performance from neurological, biomechanical and metabolic standpoints. Increasing the awareness of resistance training-induced fatigue may encourage coaches to consider modulating concurrent training variables (e.g., order of training mode, between-mode recovery period, training intensity, etc.) to limit the carry-over effects of fatigue from resistance to endurance training sessions.
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Iodice P, Ripari P, Pezzulo G. Local high-frequency vibration therapy following eccentric exercises reduces muscle soreness perception and posture alterations in elite athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:539-549. [PMID: 30377781 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise-induced muscle damage produces painful sensations (delayed onset of muscle soreness, DOMS). DOMS causes compensatory postural adaptations, which in turn affect athletes' walking and running gait biomechanics. It is still debated whether the postural changes are due to impaired proprioception or pain perception. To disambiguate between these two contrasting hypotheses, we designed a study that tested post-exercise postural adjustments in two groups of athletes: a group who was administered a vibration therapy (VT), to attenuate pain perception, and a control group. METHODS Thirty professional futsal players were tested on five different occasions: baseline, eccentric exercises (EE) session day, 24, 48 and 72 h after EE. Vibration therapy (120 Hz) was applied on legs muscles for 15 min in the experimental group, while no vibration was applied in the control group. The measurements included: isokinetic evaluation, stabilometric test, perceived soreness evaluation and serum levels of creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase. RESULTS 48 h after EE, the control group showed changes in biomechanical parameters (antero-rotations of pelvis, p < 0.05). A substantial alteration in the hip kinematics was found, associated to a reduced contractile force (p < 0.01) and soreness perception. On the contrary, the VT group did not show any change in posture and pain perception. High-intensity VT decreases EE effects on muscle strength and DOMS. CONCLUSIONS DOMS significantly changes athletes' posture; but postural changes disappear following a VT therapy that decreases pain perception. It is concluded that soreness perception is the main cause of postural changes and that its effects can be counteracted using VT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Iodice
- Centre d'Etude des Transformations des Activités Physiques et Sportives (CETAPS), EA 3832, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France.
| | - P Ripari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies-CNR, Rome, Italy
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Macgregor LJ, Hunter AM. High-threshold motor unit firing reflects force recovery following a bout of damaging eccentric exercise. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195051. [PMID: 29630622 PMCID: PMC5890972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is associated with impaired muscle function and reduced neuromuscular recruitment. However, motor unit firing behaviour throughout the recovery period is unclear. EIMD impairment of maximal voluntary force (MVC) will, in part, be caused by reduced high-threshold motor unit firing, which will subsequently increase to recover MVC. Fourteen healthy active males completed a bout of eccentric exercise on the knee extensors, with measurements of MVC, rate of torque development and surface electromyography performed pre-exercise and 2, 3, 7 and 14 days post-exercise, on both damaged and control limb. EIMD was associated with decreased MVC (235.2 ± 49.3 Nm vs. 161.3 ± 52.5 Nm; p <0.001) and rate of torque development (495.7 ± 136.9 Nm.s-1 vs. 163.4 ± 163.7 Nm.s-1; p <0.001) 48h post-exercise. Mean motor unit firing rate was reduced (16.4 ± 2.2 Hz vs. 12.6 ± 1.7 Hz; p <0.01) in high-threshold motor units only, 48h post-exercise, and common drive was elevated (0.36 ± 0.027 vs. 0.56 ± 0.032; p< 0.001) 48h post-exercise. The firing rate of high-threshold motor units was reduced in parallel with impaired muscle function, whilst early recruited motor units remained unaltered. Common drive of motor units increased in offset to the firing rate impairment. These alterations correlated with the recovery of force decrement, but not of pain elevation. This study provides fresh insight into the central mechanisms associated with EIMD recovery, relative to muscle function. These findings may in turn lead to development of novel management and preventative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J. Macgregor
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Angus M. Hunter
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
- * E-mail:
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21
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Kennedy RA, Drake D. Dissociated Time Course of Recovery Between Strength and Power After Isoinertial Resistance Loading in Rugby Union Players. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:748-755. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Effect of resistance training on muscle strength and rate of force development in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2018; 102:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Jaafar H, Lajili H. Separate and combined effects of time of day and verbal instruction on knee extensor neuromuscular adjustments. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:54-62. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of time of day and verbal instruction, separately and combined, on knee extensor neuromuscular adjustments, with special reference to rapid muscle force production capacity. Ten healthy male participants performed 4 experimental trials in counterbalanced order: morning “hard-and-fast” instruction, evening hard-and-fast instruction, morning “fast” instruction, and evening fast instruction. During each experimental trial, neuromuscular performance was assessed from the completion of 6 maximal isometric voluntary contractions (rest = 2 min) of the knee extensors with concomitant quadriceps surface electromyography recordings. For each contraction, we determined maximal voluntary force (Fmax), maximal rate of force development (RFDmax) and associated maximal electromechanical delay (EMDmax), and maximal rate of muscle activation (RMAmax). Globally, oral temperature (+2.2%), Fmax (+4.9%) and accompanying median frequency (+6.6%)/mean power frequency (+6.0%) as well as RFDmax (+13.5%) and RMAmax (+15.5%) were significantly higher in the evening than morning (p < 0.05). Conversely, evening in reference to morning values were lower for EMDmax (–4.3%, p < 0.05). Compared with a hard-and-fast instruction, RFDmax (+30.6%) and corresponding root mean square activity (+18.6%) were globally higher using a fast instruction (p < 0.05), irrespectively of the time of day. There was no significant interaction effect of time of day and verbal instruction on any parameter, except for EMDmax (p = 0.028). Despite diurnal variation in maximal or explosive force production of knee extensors and associated neuromuscular parameters, these adjustments occurred essentially independently of the verbal instruction provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Jaafar
- Institut du savoir Montfort – Recherche, Ottawa, 713 Chemin Montréal, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanene Lajili
- Centre de Rééducation et de Réadaptation Fonctionnelle La Châtaigneraie, Menucourt, France
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24
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Rodríguez-Rosell D, Pareja-Blanco F, Aagaard P, González-Badillo JJ. Physiological and methodological aspects of rate of force development assessment in human skeletal muscle. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:743-762. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Rodríguez-Rosell
- Centro de Investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Deportivo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Pareja-Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Deportivo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Loturco I, Abad C, Nakamura FY, Ramos SP, Kobal R, Gil S, Pereira LA, Burini F, Roschel H, Ugrinowitsch C, Tricoli V. Effects of far infrared rays emitting clothing on recovery after an intense plyometric exercise bout applied to elite soccer players: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Biol Sport 2016; 33:277-83. [PMID: 27601783 PMCID: PMC4993144 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1208479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the effects of far infrared (FIR) ray emitting clothes on indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and physical performance recovery after a plyometric bout applied to soccer players. Twenty-one male players (18.9±0.6 years; 70.8±5.01 kg; 178.3±0.06 cm) performed 100 drop-jumps. Six hours after the bout, athletes put on FIR clothes (FIR) (density of 225 g·m-2, 88% far infrared rays emitting polyamide 66 Emana yarn (PA66) fibre, 12% Spandex, emissivity of 0.88 and power emitted of 341 W/m2µm at 37°C in the 5-20 µm wavelength range, patent WO 2009/077834 A2) (N = 10) or placebo clothes (PLA) (N = 11). Mid-thigh circumferences, creatine kinase (CK), and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were assessed before, immediately after and 24, 48, and 72 h after the bout. Squat (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) heights were measured before and at 24, 48, and 72 h after, while 1RM leg press (maximum strength) was measured before and at 72 h after the plyometrics. No differences between groups were found in mid-thigh circumferences, SJ, CMJ or 1RM. CK increased significantly 24 h after the plyometrics in comparison to before (p < 0.05) in both groups. PLA showed significant DOMS increases at 24, 48, and 72 h, while FIR showed significant increases at 24 and 48 h (p < 0.05). DOMS effect sizes were greater in FIR (moderate at 48 h, ES = 0.737 and large at 72 h, ES = 0.844), suggesting that FIR clothes may reduce perceived DOMS after an intense plyometric session performed by soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Loturco
- NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ccc Abad
- NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - F Y Nakamura
- State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - S P Ramos
- State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - R Kobal
- NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Gil
- NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L A Pereira
- NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fhp Burini
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Center - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - H Roschel
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - V Tricoli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Finsterer J, Drory VE. Wet, volatile, and dry biomarkers of exercise-induced muscle fatigue. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:40. [PMID: 26790722 PMCID: PMC4721145 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-0869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The physiological background of exercise-induced muscle fatigue(EIMUF) is only poorly understood. Thus, monitoring of EIMUF by a single or multiple biomarkers(BMs) is under debate. After a systematic literature review 91 papers were included. Results EIMUF is mainly due to depletion of substrates, increased oxidative stress, muscle membrane depolarisation following potassium depletion, muscle hyperthermia, muscle damage, impaired oxygen supply to the muscle, activation of an inflammatory response, or impaired calcium-handling. Dehydration, hyperammonemia, mitochondrial biogenesis, and genetic responses are also discussed. Since EIMUF is dependent on age, sex, degree of fatigue, type, intensity, and duration of exercise, energy supply during exercise, climate, training status (physical fitness), and health status, BMs currently available for monitoring EIMUF have limited reliability. Generally, wet, volatile, and dry BMs are differentiated. Among dry BMs of EIMUF the most promising include power output measures, electrophysiological measures, cardiologic measures, and questionnaires. Among wet BMs of EIMUF those most applicable include markers of ATP-metabolism, of oxidative stress, muscle damage, and inflammation. VO2-kinetics are used as a volatile BM. Conclusions Though the physiology of EIMUF remains to be fully elucidated, some promising BMs have been recently introduced, which together with other BMs, could be useful in monitoring EIMUF. The combination of biomarkers seems to be more efficient than a single biomarker to monitor EIMUF. However, it is essential that efficacy, reliability, and applicability of each BM candidate is validated in appropriate studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Postfach 20, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
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Farasyn A, Lassat B. Cross friction algometry (CFA): Comparison of pressure pain thresholds between patients with chronic non-specific low back pain and healthy subjects. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2015; 20:224-34. [PMID: 27210837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Palpation is widely used to assess muscular sensitivity in clinical settings but still remains a subjective evaluation. This cross-sectional study assessed a newly developed cross-friction algometry making palpation measurable. The objective was to investigate the reliability of pressure pain thresholds obtained using Cross-Friction Algometry (CFA-PPTs) measured at the level of Erector spinae and Gluteus maximus central muscle parts, and to compare the CFA-PPTs between patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (nCLBP) and matching healthy subjects. PARTICIPANTS Patients presenting nCLBP to GP's and send into a Pain Center and healthy subjects recruited via university ad valvas & flyers distribution. OUTCOME MEASURES 30 patients with nCLBP were measured for cross-friction algometry. Other evaluations consisted of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). RESULTS The inter- and intra-reliability were tested and found to be sufficient. The mean CFA-PPT values of the Erector spinae at levels T8, T10, L1 & L3 and the Gluteus maximus of the nCLBP group were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.001) when compared to the CFA-PPT values of the healthy group. The greatest difference (-58%) was found at L1 Erector spinae level and at the superior part of the Gluteus maximus measuring point (-59%). Within the group of patients with nCLBP it was surprising to notice that there was no significant correlation between all the reference points measured using CFA-PPTs and the outcomes of the VAS and ODI scores. CONCLUSIONS With the aid of CFA, the importance of local muscular disorder in the lumbar part of the Erector spinae and Gluteus maximus in patients with nCLBP is obviously demonstrated, but also reveals the very large inter-individual differences in muscular fibrosis sensitivity and/or pain behavior in daily life. This possibly re-opens the debate on which influences can be put forward as the most important: the central or the peripheral sensitization system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Farasyn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Faculty of Physical Education & Rehabilitation Sciences, Laarbeeklaan 103, BE 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bert Lassat
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Faculty of Physical Education & Rehabilitation Sciences, Laarbeeklaan 103, BE 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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A taxa de desenvolvimento de força durante contrações isocinéticas dos extensores do joelho não é afetada pelo alongamento estático em indivíduos ativos. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Farup J, Rahbek SK, Bjerre J, de Paoli F, Vissing K. Associated decrements in rate of force development and neural drive after maximal eccentric exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:498-506. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Farup
- Section for Sports Science; Department of Public Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - S. K. Rahbek
- Section for Sports Science; Department of Public Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - J. Bjerre
- Section for Sports Science; Department of Public Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - F. de Paoli
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - K. Vissing
- Section for Sports Science; Department of Public Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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30
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Conchola EC, Thiele RM, Palmer TB, Smith DB, Thompson BJ. Acute Postexercise Time Course Responses of Hypertrophic vs. Power-Endurance Squat Exercise Protocols on Maximal and Rapid Torque of the Knee Extensors. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:1285-94. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Peñailillo L, Blazevich A, Numazawa H, Nosaka K. Rate of force development as a measure of muscle damage. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:417-27. [PMID: 24798498 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that rate of force development (RFD) would be a more sensitive indirect marker of muscle damage than maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) peak torque. Ten men performed one concentric cycling and two eccentric cycling (ECC1, ECC2) bouts for 30 min at 60% of maximal concentric power output with 2 weeks between bouts. MVC peak torque, RFD, and vastus lateralis electromyogram amplitude and mean frequency were measured during a knee extensor MVC before, immediately after and 1-2 days after each bout. The magnitude of decrease in MVC peak torque after exercise was greater (P < 0.05) for ECC1 (11-25%) than concentric cycling (2-12%) and ECC2 (0-16%). Peak RFD and RFD from 0-30 ms, 0-50 ms, 0-100 ms, to 0-200 ms decreased (P < 0.05) immediately after all cycling bouts without significant differences between bouts, but RFD at 100-200 ms interval (RFD(100-200)) decreased (P < 0.05) at all time points after ECC1 (24-32%) and immediately after ECC2 (23%), but did not change after CONC. The magnitude of decrease in RFD(100-200) was 7-19% greater than that of MVC peak torque after ECC1 (P < 0.05). It is concluded that RFD(100-200) is a more specific and sensitive indirect marker of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage than MVC peak torque.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peñailillo
- Center for Exercise and Science Research (CESSR), School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Blazevich
- Center for Exercise and Science Research (CESSR), School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - H Numazawa
- Department of Sports and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Nosaka
- Center for Exercise and Science Research (CESSR), School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Assumpção CDO, Lima LCR, Oliveira FBD, Greco CC, Denadai BS. Exercise-induced muscle damage and running economy in humans. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:189149. [PMID: 23431253 PMCID: PMC3575608 DOI: 10.1155/2013/189149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Running economy (RE), defined as the energy demand for a given velocity of submaximal running, has been identified as a critical factor of overall distance running performance. Plyometric and resistance trainings, performed during a relatively short period of time (~15-30 days), have been successfully used to improve RE in trained athletes. However, these exercise types, particularly when they are unaccustomed activities for the individuals, may cause delayed onset muscle soreness, swelling, and reduced muscle strength. Some studies have demonstrated that exercise-induced muscle damage has a negative impact on endurance running performance. Specifically, the muscular damage induced by an acute bout of downhill running has been shown to reduce RE during subsequent moderate and high-intensity exercise (>65% VO₂max). However, strength exercise (i.e., jumps, isoinertial and isokinetic eccentric exercises) seems to impair RE only for subsequent high-intensity exercise (~90% VO₂max). Finally, a single session of resistance exercise or downhill running (i.e., repeated bout effect) attenuates changes in indirect markers of muscle damage and blunts changes in RE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camila Coelho Greco
- Human Performance Laboratory, UNESP, Avenue 24 A, Bela Vista-Rio, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Sérgio Denadai
- Human Performance Laboratory, UNESP, Avenue 24 A, Bela Vista-Rio, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Greco CC, da Silva WL, Camarda SRA, Denadai BS. Fatigue and rapid hamstring/quadriceps force capacity in professional soccer players. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2012; 33:18-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2012.01160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila C. Greco
- Human Performance Laboratory; São Paulo State University; UNESP; Rio Claro; SP; Brazil
| | - Wendell L. da Silva
- Human Performance Laboratory; São Paulo State University; UNESP; Rio Claro; SP; Brazil
| | - Sérgio R. A. Camarda
- Human Performance Laboratory; São Paulo State University; UNESP; Rio Claro; SP; Brazil
| | - Benedito S. Denadai
- Human Performance Laboratory; São Paulo State University; UNESP; Rio Claro; SP; Brazil
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