1
|
Eto T, Teikari P, Najjar RP, Nishimura Y, Motomura Y, Kuze M, Higuchi S. A Purkinje image-based system for an assessment of the density and transmittance spectra of the human crystalline lens in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16445. [PMID: 33020575 PMCID: PMC7536217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for rapid and objective assessment of ocular lens density and transmittance is needed for research and clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine whether the Purkinje image-based technique can be used for objective and accurate quantification of spectral density and transmittance of ocular media (the mainly crystalline lens) in visible light. Twenty-six individuals (10 young, 9 middle-aged and 7 older individuals) participated in this study. Spectral lens density was evaluated by detecting the intensity of the IVth Purkinje image for different wavelengths. Subsequently, optical density index (ODI), the area under the curve in the lens density spectrum, was calculated and ODIs were compared with clinical lens opacification scales assessed subjectively using a slit lamp. Spectral lens transmittance was estimated from the lens density spectrum. Lens densities were higher in the short wavelength region of the visible spectrum across all age groups. ODI was highly correlated with the clinical opacification scale, while lens transmittance decreased with aging. Our results showed that spectral transmittance of the human crystalline lens can be easily estimated from optical density spectra evaluated objectively and rapidly using the Purkinje image-based technique. Our results provide clinicians and scientists with an accurate, rapid and objective technique for quantification of lens transmittance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Eto
- Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Petteri Teikari
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond P Najjar
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences ACP (EYE-ACP), SingHealth and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Motomura
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
| | - Manami Kuze
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Matsusaka Central General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Higuchi
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ao M, Li X, Qiu W, Hou Z, Su J, Wang W. The impact of age-related cataracts on colour perception, postoperative recovery and related spectra derived from test of hue perception. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:56. [PMID: 30786855 PMCID: PMC6383292 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cataract patients were always excluded from studies on ageing of colour vision; thus, effect of age-related cataracts on deterioration of colour perception has not been analysed. In present study, impacts of age-related cataracts on colour discrimination, postoperative recovery and related spectra were investigated. Methods In this cohort study, thirty age-related cataract patients scheduled for binocular surgery and 30 elderly volunteers were enrolled. Colour discrimination under photopic (1000 lx) and mesopic (40 lx) conditions was evaluated with Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. The total error score (TES) and partial error score (PES) were calculated. Results Preoperatively, the TES in the patient group was 129.7 ± 59.5 at 1000 lx and 194.6 ± 74.5 at 40 lx, exhibiting worse discrimination than the volunteer group (TES1000lux = 71.5 ± 37.5 and TES40lux = 113.1 ± 38.8, p ≤ 0.001). Inferior perception were detected in the yellow to green-yellow (Y-GY), green-yellow to green (GY-G), green to blue-green (G-BG) and blue-green to blue (BG-B) colour bands (p ≤ 0.003), corresponding to the 470 nm–580 nm range of the visible light spectrum. Under mesopic conditions, the impact expanded to all colour bands except for yellow-red to yellow (YR-Y). Postoperatively, the TES in the patient group were 80.4 ± 62.4 at 1000 lx and 112.0 ± 85.2 at 40 lx, which were lower than those of the preoperative phase (p ≤ 0.001) but similar to those of the volunteer group (p ≥ 0.505). Postoperative improvement occurred in the Y-GY, GY-G and G-BG colour bands (490 nm to 580 nm) at 1000 lx (p ≤ 0.001) and shifted to the Y-GY, GY-G, G-BG and BG-B colour bands (470 nm to 580 nm) at 40 lx (p ≤ 0.001). Deterioration of hue perception for decrement of illumination was detected in the red to yellow-red (R-YR), Y-GY, G-BG, BG-B, blue to purple-blue (B-PB) and red-purple to red (RP-R) colour bands (450 nm to 500 nm) in the volunteer group (p ≤ 0.002) and the R-YR, G-BG, BG-B, B-PB, PB-P and red-purple to red (RP-R) colour bands (from the short-wavelength end to 500 nm) in the patient group preoperatively (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Phacoemulsification could effectively rebuild colour perception in patients with age-related cataract. The postoperative benefits were most significant in colour bands corresponding with spectrum from 470 nm to 580 nm. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12886-019-1057-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Ao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Number Forty-Nine North Garden Road Haidian District, Beijing, 86100191, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Number Forty-Nine North Garden Road Haidian District, Beijing, 86100191, China
| | - Weiqiang Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Number Forty-Nine North Garden Road Haidian District, Beijing, 86100191, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Number Forty-Nine North Garden Road Haidian District, Beijing, 86100191, China
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Number Forty-Nine North Garden Road Haidian District, Beijing, 86100191, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Number Forty-Nine North Garden Road Haidian District, Beijing, 86100191, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Number Forty-Nine North Garden Road Haidian District, Beijing, 86100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marechal M, Delbarre M, Berguiga M, Benisty D, Froussart-Maille F. [Hereditary color vision deficiency: Physiology, classification, diagnosis and application to aeronautics]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2019; 42:177-188. [PMID: 30704748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary color vision deficiency affects 9% of men and 0.5% of women. It is often unrecognized and diagnosed late, which can interfere with the professional careers of these patients. Most color vision deficiencies are related to X chromosome involvement and concern the red-green chromatic axis. They are secondary to dysfunction of an L or M cone (protanomaly or deuteranomaly) or to the absence of an L or M cone (protanopia or deuteranopia). Color vision deficiency screening and assessment can be done by confusion tests or equalization tests, but also by ergonomic tests, professional tests that assess the aptitude for a given profession.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Marechal
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées de Percy, 101 avenue Henri-Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France.
| | - M Delbarre
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées de Percy, 101 avenue Henri-Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - M Berguiga
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées de Percy, 101 avenue Henri-Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - D Benisty
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées de Percy, 101 avenue Henri-Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - F Froussart-Maille
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées de Percy, 101 avenue Henri-Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lalor SJ, Formankiewicz MA, Waugh SJ. Crowding and visual acuity measured in adults using paediatric test letters, pictures and symbols. Vision Res 2016; 121:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
5
|
Hofmann L, Palczewski K. Advances in understanding the molecular basis of the first steps in color vision. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 49:46-66. [PMID: 26187035 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Serving as one of our primary environmental inputs, vision is the most sophisticated sensory system in humans. Here, we present recent findings derived from energetics, genetics and physiology that provide a more advanced understanding of color perception in mammals. Energetics of cis-trans isomerization of 11-cis-retinal accounts for color perception in the narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum and how human eyes can absorb light in the near infrared (IR) range. Structural homology models of visual pigments reveal complex interactions of the protein moieties with the light sensitive chromophore 11-cis-retinal and that certain color blinding mutations impair secondary structural elements of these G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Finally, we identify unsolved critical aspects of color tuning that require future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hofmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
We review the features of the S-cone system that appeal to the psychophysicist and summarize the celebrated characteristics of S-cone mediated vision. Two factors are emphasized: First, the fine stimulus control that is required to isolate putative visual mechanisms and second, the relationship between physiological data and psychophysical approaches. We review convergent findings from physiology and psychophysics with respect to asymmetries in the retinal wiring of S-ON and S-OFF visual pathways, and the associated treatment of increments and decrements in the S-cone system. Beyond the retina, we consider the lack of S-cone projections to superior colliculus and the use of S-cone stimuli in experimental psychology, for example to address questions about the mechanisms of visually driven attention. Careful selection of stimulus parameters enables psychophysicists to produce entirely reversible, temporary, "lesions," and to assess behavior in the absence of specific neural subsystems.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zlatkova M, Beirne RO, Hinds NA. Color discrimination in individuals with light and dark irides: an evaluation of the effects of intraocular straylight and retinal illumination. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2014; 31:A268-A273. [PMID: 24695181 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.31.00a268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of induced intraocular straylight on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test performance in individuals with light and dark irides, 28 young subjects were tested both with and without a quantified light-scattering filter. The filter produced a significant increase in the total error scores (p<0.05), but no significant correlation was found between the level of straylight and error score (p>0.05). The development of a tritan-like defect in the dark-eyed participants can be attributed to the effect of light attenuation caused by filter absorption, which markedly affects S-cone mediated color discrimination. The combined effect of higher short-wavelength absorption of melanin and macular pigment in the dark eyes may be involved.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liutkevičienė R, Čebatorienė D, Žaliūnienė D, Lukauskienė R, Jašinskas V. A new maximum color contrast sensitivity test for detecting early changes of visual function in age-related macular degeneration. Medicina (B Aires) 2014; 50:281-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
9
|
|
10
|
Kitakawa T, Hayashi T, Tsuzuranuki S, Kubo A, Tsuneoka H. Color vision in an elderly patient with protanopic genotype and successfully treated unilateral age-related macular degeneration. Int Ophthalmol 2011; 31:471-5. [PMID: 22076412 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-011-9479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated differences in color discrimination between the fellow eye and the affected eye successfully treated for unilateral age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a 69-year-old male patient with protanopia. His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.2 in the right eye (RE) and 0.2 in the left eye (LE). Fundus and angiographic findings showed classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to AMD in the LE. BCVA of the LE improved to 0.4, and CNV resolved by 15 months after initiating combined anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and photodynamic therapies. After CNV closure, the Farnsworth dichotomous was performed, showing confusion patterns of the protan axis in either eye. The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test showed a total error score of 520 in the LE, much higher than the score of 348 in the RE. Complete genotypes of the long-wavelength-sensitive (L-) cone and middle-wavelength-sensitive (M-) cone opsin genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction, revealing that the patient had a single 5' L-M 3' hybrid gene (encoding an M-cone opsin), with this genotype responsible for protanopia (the L-cone opsin gene was non-functional), instead of the L-cone and M-cone opsin gene arrays. Poorer color vision discrimination in the LE than the RE remained present despite closure of CNV. The presence and type of congenital color vision defect can be confirmed using molecular genetic testing even if complications of acquired retinal diseases such as AMD are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kitakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Current world literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2009; 21:81-90. [PMID: 19996895 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e3283350158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|