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Mullen MP, Bazer FW, Wu G, Parr MH, Evans ACO, Crowe MA, Diskin MG. Effects of systemic progesterone during the early luteal phase on the availabilities of amino acids and glucose in the bovine uterine lumen. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014; 26:282-92. [PMID: 23374643 DOI: 10.1071/rd12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The uterine histotroph provides essential nutrition to the developing conceptus during the preimplantation period of pregnancy. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of cycle stage and progesterone (P4) concentrations in the blood on the recoverable quantities of amino acids and glucose in the histotroph during the preimplantaion period of conceptus development. Following oestrus, dairy heifers were assigned to low, control or high P4 groups (n=6 heifers per treatment and time point). The uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum was flushed on either Day 7 or Day 13. The present study quantified 24 amino acids and glucose in the uterine flushings using HPLC and fluorometry, respectively. Heifers in the low P4 group had lower plasma concentrations of P4 throughout the cycle, whereas heifers in the high group had higher plasma concentrations of P4 between Days 3 and 7 compared with the control group (P<0.05). Total recoverable neutral (Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Cit, β-Ala, Tau, Ala, Tyr, Trp, Met, Val, Phe, Ile, Leu, Pro and Cys), acidic (Glu) and basic (His, Arg, Orn and Lys) amino acids were greater (P<0.05) on Day 13 than on Day 7. There was no significant difference in the amount of Asp or Asn between Day 7 and Day 13. The amount of amino acids recovered on Day 7 was similar across treatment groups. On Day 13, the amount of Asn, His and Thr was lower (P<0.05) in the low P4 heifers compared with the controls and/or high P4 heifers. Quantities of glucose were not altered by cycle stage or P4 treatment. In conclusion, the stage of oestrous cycle and P4 play important roles in modulating amino acids in the histotroph, a potentially critical factor for early embryonic and/or conceptus survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Mullen
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Mervyn H Parr
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Alexander C O Evans
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mark A Crowe
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael G Diskin
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
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Fogel WA. Enzymatic histamine catabolism in vertebrate ontogenesis. A comparative study. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1988; 89:355-60. [PMID: 2899009 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(88)90237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. The synthesizing and degrading activities of histamine were determined in the liver and small intestine of developing guinea pig and chick embryos. 2. Though increasing with age, HDC values were always 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than those of degrading enzymes. 3. DAO activity on the other hand was 10-100 fold higher than HMT at all ages studied, suggesting a decisive role for oxidative deamination in control of tissue histamine levels. 4. Generally histamine levels were higher in tissues of developing guinea pig than chick embryo, however, in the laying hen intestine histamine concentration was approximately 5 times greater than in the adult guinea pig intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Fogel
- Department of Biogenic Amines, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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Löwkvist B, Emanuelsson H, Heby O. Changes in polyamine synthesis and concentrations during chick embryo development. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1985; 234:375-82. [PMID: 4056678 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402340307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the activities of the two rate controlling enzymes in polyamine synthesis, L-ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), and the concentrations of the polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, in the developing chick embryo from laying to hatching. The embryo exhibited major peaks in the ODC and SAMDC activities as well as in the concentrations of all three polyamines at 15 h (gastrulation), 23-30 h (early organogenesis), days 4-5 (mid-organogenesis), and days 12-17 (organ growth and maturation). In the 4 and a half-day-old embryo, ODC activity and polyamine concentrations were about twice as high in the head region as compared to the trunk region. In the 14-day-old embryo, the highest ODC and SAMDC activities were found in lung, intestine and kidney, and there was a positive correlation between the enzyme activities and the growth rates of most organs/tissues.
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