1
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Tang FSM, Hansbro PM, Burgess JK, Ammit AJ, Baines KJ, Oliver BG. A novel immunomodulatory function of neutrophils on rhinovirus-activated monocytes in vitro. Thorax 2016; 71:1039-1049. [PMID: 27287090 PMCID: PMC5099217 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Rhinovirus (RV) infections are the major precipitant of asthma exacerbations. While neutrophilic lung inflammation occurs during such infections, its role remains unclear. Neutrophilic inflammation is associated with increased asthma severity and steroid refractory disease. Neutrophils are vital for controlling infections but also have immunomodulatory functions. Previously, we found that neutrophils respond to viral mimetics but not replication competent RV. We aimed to investigate if neutrophils are activated and/or modulate immune responses of monocytes during RV16 infection. Methods Primary human monocytes and autologous neutrophils were cocultured with or without RV16, in direct contact or separated by transwells. RV16-stimulated monocytes were also exposed to lysed neutrophils, neutrophil membrane components or soluble neutrophil intracellular components. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-X-C motif (CXC)L8 mRNA and proteins were measured by quantitative PCR and ELISA at 24 hours. Results RV16 induced IL-6 and CXCL8 in monocytes, but not neutrophils. RV16-induced IL-6 and CXCL8 from monocytes was reduced in the presence of live neutrophils. Transwell separation abolished the inhibitory effects. Lysed neutrophils inhibited RV16-induced IL-6 and CXCL8 from monocytes. Neutrophil intracellular components alone effectively inhibited RV16-induced monocyte-derived IL-6 and CXCL8. Neutrophil intracellular components reduced RV16-induced IL-6 and CXCL8 mRNA in monocytes. Conclusions Cell contact between monocytes and neutrophils is required, and preformed neutrophil mediator(s) are likely to be involved in the suppression of cytokine mRNA and protein production. This study demonstrates a novel regulatory function of neutrophils on RV-activated monocytes in vitro, challenging the paradigm that neutrophils are predominantly proinflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca S M Tang
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alaina J Ammit
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Centre for Health Technologies and Molecular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Temperilli F, Di Franco M, Massimi I, Guarino ML, Guzzo MP, Valesini G, Frati L, Pulcinelli FM. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in-vitro and in-vivo treatment and Multidrug Resistance Protein 4 expression in human platelets. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 76:11-7. [PMID: 26141932 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelet Multidrug Resistance Protein 4 (MRP4)-overexpression has a role in reducing aspirin action in patients after by-pass surgery. Aspirin induces platelet MRP4 over-expression, through megakaryocytes genomic modulation. Aim of our work was to verify whether other non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) enhance platelet MRP4 expression and evaluate platelet function in patients who overexpressed MRP4. We evaluated MRP4-mRNA in a human megakacaryoblastic cell line (DAMI), treated with both COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) and traditional NSAIDs (diclofenac and naproxen). Osteoarthritis patients, who reported to take NSAIDs twice a week for at least four continuous weeks and a control population, who didn't take any drugs during the previous month, were enrolled. We evaluated platelet MRP4 amount, by both mRNA levels and protein expression (Western-Blot) and ADP induced platelet aggregation. DAMI cells treated with celecoxib, diclofenac, and naproxen showed a significant increase in MRP4-mRNA expression compared to the mock culture. Osteoarthritis patient platelets presented a higher expression of MRP4 (both at mRNA and protein levels) and an increase in ADP-induced platelet aggregation compared to the control population. NSAID treatment induced platelet MRP4 overexpression. Osteoarthritis patients, who overexpress MRP4, showed platelet hyper-reactivity. These evidences could explain in part the increased cardiovascular risk present during NSAID treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Temperilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Roma 00161, Italy.
| | - Manuela Di Franco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Roma 00161, Italy.
| | - Isabella Massimi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Roma 00161, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Guarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Roma 00161, Italy.
| | - Maria Paola Guzzo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Roma 00161, Italy.
| | - Guido Valesini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Roma 00161, Italy.
| | - Luigi Frati
- I.R.C.C.S Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli (CB) 86077, Italy.
| | - Fabio M Pulcinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Roma 00161, Italy
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3
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Mangal D, Uboh CE, Jiang Z, Soma LR. Interleukin-1β inhibits synthesis of 5-lipooxygenase in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated equine whole blood. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 108:9-22. [PMID: 24530239 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. It induces the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) catalyzed by cyclooxygenase (COX) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (m-PGES). Besides its pro-inflammatory properties, PGE2 also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting synthesis of 5-lipooxygenase (5-LO) products which are in themselves, pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, inhibition of 5-LO products is beneficial in regulating immune-responses and pro-inflammatory processes. To investigate the hypothesis that IL-1β is responsible for the increase in the synthesis of PGE2 and in the reduction of 5-LO products, equine whole blood (EWB) was treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vitro treatment of EWB with LPS resulted in increased expression of IL-1β while expression of 5-LO was suppressed. Quantification of eicosanoids using liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry/multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MS/MRM) showed increased concentrations of prostaglandins and decreased 5-LO products in LPS-treated EWB. Pretreatment of EWB with IL-1β followed by calcium ionophore A23187 (CI) reduced synthesis of 5-LO products. However, pretreatment of EWB with COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398) or m-PGES-1 inhibitor (CAY 10526) and IL-1β followed with CI resulted in a significant (p<0.0001) increase in 5-LO products. Pretreatment of EWB with phospholipase C inhibitor (U73122) followed with LPS reduced PGE2 production but increased 5-LO products. The result of this study indicated that increased PGE2 production led to reduction in 5-LO products in LPS-treated EWB via IL-1β. However, other pathways, cytokines and mediators may be involved in inhibiting 5-LO products but the present study did not include those other potential pathways. Inhibition of 5-LO products by PGE2 in EWB may regulate the initiation and pathogenesis of inflammatory responses in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Mangal
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center Campus, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Cornelius E Uboh
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center Campus, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA; PA Equine Toxicology & Research Center, West Chester University, Department of Chemistry, 220 East Rosedale Avenue, West Chester, PA 19382, USA.
| | - Zibin Jiang
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center Campus, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Lawrence R Soma
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center Campus, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
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4
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Ballinger MN, McMillan TR, Moore BB. Eicosanoid regulation of pulmonary innate immunity post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2007; 55:1-12. [PMID: 17221337 PMCID: PMC3313470 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-007-0001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a therapeutic option for a number of malignant and inherited disorders. However, the efficacy of this therapy is limited by a number of serious infectious and noninfectious complications. Pulmonary infections represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality post-HSCT and can occur both pre- and post-hematopoietic reconstitution. Susceptibility to Gram-negative bacterial infections despite full hematopoietic engraftment suggests that innate immunity remains impaired months to years post-HSCT. This review will describe the process and complications of HSCT and will summarize what is known about innate immune reconstitution post-HSCT. Data from the literature as well as our own laboratory will be presented to suggest that an eicosanoid imbalance characterized by over-production of prostaglandins and under-production of leukotrienes leads to impaired lung phagocyte function post-HSCT. Of therapeutic interest, strategies which limit production of prostaglandins can improve pulmonary host defense in animal HSCT models, which suggests that this may also be beneficial for human HSCT recipients.
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5
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Ballinger MN, Aronoff DM, McMillan TR, Cooke KR, Olkiewicz K, Toews GB, Peters-Golden M, Moore BB. Critical Role of Prostaglandin E2Overproduction in Impaired Pulmonary Host Response following Bone Marrow Transplantation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:5499-508. [PMID: 17015736 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The success of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) as a therapy for malignant and inherited disorders is limited by infectious complications. We previously demonstrated syngeneic BMT mice are more susceptible to Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia due to defects in the ability of donor-derived alveolar macrophages (AMs), but not polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), to phagocytose bacteria. We now demonstrate that both donor-derived AMs and PMNs display bacterial killing defects post-BMT. PGE2 is a lipid mediator with potent immunosuppressive effects against antimicrobial functions. We hypothesize that enhanced PGE2 production post-BMT impairs host defense. We demonstrate that lung homogenates from BMT mice contain 2.8-fold more PGE2 than control mice, and alveolar epithelial cells (2.7-fold), AMs (125-fold), and PMNs (10-fold) from BMT animals all overproduce PGE2. AMs also produce increased prostacyclin (PGI2) post-BMT. Interestingly, the E prostanoid (EP) receptors EP2 and EP4 are elevated on donor-derived phagocytes post-BMT. Blocking PGE2 synthesis with indomethacin overcame the phagocytic and killing defects of BMT AMs and the killing defects of BMT PMNs in vitro. The effect of indomethacin on AM phagocytosis could be mimicked by an EP2 antagonist, AH-6809, and exogenous addition of PGE2 reversed the beneficial effects of indomethacin in vitro. Importantly, in vivo treatment with indomethacin reduced PGE2 levels in lung homogenates and restored in vivo bacterial clearance from the lung and blood in BMT mice. Genetic reduction of cyclooxygenase-2 in BMT mice also had similar effects. These data clearly demonstrate that overproduction of PGE2 post-BMT is a critical factor determining impaired host defense against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Ballinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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6
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Abstract
Urticaria has been called a vexing problem and remains so today. The most important part of the diagnostic evaluation remains a comprehensive and detailed history and physical examination, supplemented with limited laboratory testing. Although acute urticaria has been relatively well understood for some time, significant and important recent advances in under-standing the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria are beginning to provide insight in this challenging field, notably the identification of many of these patients with an autoimmune etiology. Antihistamines of various types continue to represent the keystone of symptomatic treatment, with adjunctive support from medications of other classes, such as antileukotrienes, adrenergics, and immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents (including steroids and cyclosporine). Although some progress has been made at improving symptomatic control of urticaria, further research and discovery are necessary before there can yet be an effective impact on the underlying course and natural history of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Dibbern
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA.
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7
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Peebles RS, Hashimoto K, Sheller JR, Moore ML, Morrow JD, Ji S, Elias JA, Goleniewska K, O'neal J, Mitchell DB, Graham BS, Zhou W. Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness Mediated by Cyclooxygenase Inhibition Is Not Dependent on 5-Lipoxygenase or IL-5, but Is IL-13 Dependent. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:8253-9. [PMID: 16339565 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.12.8253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition during allergic sensitization and allergen airway challenge results in augmented allergic inflammation. We hypothesized that this increase in allergic inflammation was dependent on increased generation of leukotrienes that results from COX inhibition, as leukotrienes are important proinflammatory mediators of allergic disease. To test this hypothesis, we allergically sensitized and challenged mice deficient in 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). We found that 5-LO knockout mice that were treated with a COX inhibitor during allergic sensitization and challenge had significantly increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) (p < 0.01) and airway eosinophilia (p < 0.01) compared with 5-LO knockout mice that were treated with vehicle. The proinflammatory cytokines have also been hypothesized to be critical regulators of airway inflammation and AHR. We found that the increase in airway eosinophilia seen with COX inhibition is dependent on IL-5, whereas the increase in AHR is not dependent on this cytokine. In contrast, the COX inhibition-mediated increase in AHR is dependent on IL-13, but airway eosinophilia is not. These results elucidate the pathways by which COX inhibition exerts a critical effect of the pulmonary allergen-induced inflammatory response and confirm that COX products are important regulators of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Persistent or frequent episodes of urticaria are difficult to evaluate and treat. The best test to identify most patients with a specific underlying cause (eg, physical trigger, allergen, systemic disease) likely is the taking of a careful and detailed history and performance of a physical examination by a specialist who is knowledgeable in urticarial disease. Further study of the pathogenesis and treatment of urticaria is crucial. Given the limited efficacy of presently approved antihistamine treatments and the significant side effects of steroids and cyclosporine, there is a pressing need to evaluate other anecdotally supported urticaria treatments in randomized, controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Dibbern
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Drive, OP34, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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9
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Brock TG, McNish RW, Mancuso P, Coffey MJ, Peters-Golden M. Prolonged lipopolysaccharide inhibits leukotriene synthesis in peritoneal macrophages: mediation by nitric oxide and prostaglandins. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2003; 71:131-45. [PMID: 14518557 DOI: 10.1016/s1098-8823(03)00036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Resident rat peritoneal macrophages synthesize a variety of prostanoids and leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. Overnight treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and an altered prostanoid profile that emphasizes the preferential conversion of arachidonic acid to prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2. In these studies, we report that exposure to LPS also caused a strong suppression of 5-lipoxygenase but not 12-lipoxygenase activity, indicated by the inhibition of synthesis of both leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), but not of 12-HETE. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase activity by LPS was both time- and dose-dependent. Treatment of macrophages with prostaglandin E2 partially inhibited leukotriene synthesis, and cyclooxygenase inhibitors partially blocked the inhibition of leukotriene generation in LPS-treated cells. In addition to COX-2, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was also induced by LPS. Treatment of macrophages with an NO donor mimicked the ability of LPS to significantly reduce leukotriene B4 synthesis. Inhibition of NOS activity in LPS-treated cells blunted the suppression of leukotriene synthesis. Inhibition of both inducible NOS and COX completely eliminated leukotriene suppression. Finally, macrophages exposed to prolonged LPS demonstrated impaired killing of Klebsiella pneumoniae and the combination of NOS and COX inhibitors restored killing to the control level. These results indicate that prolonged exposure to LPS severely inhibits leukotriene production via the combined action of COX and NOS products. The shift in mediator profile, to one that minimizes leukotrienes and emphasizes prostacyclin, prostaglandin E2 and NO, provides a signal that reduces leukocyte function, as indicated by impaired killing of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Brock
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 6301 MSRB III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0642, USA.
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10
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Kankuri E, Vaali K, Korpela R, Paakkari I, Vapaatalo H, Moilanen E. Effects of a COX-2 preferential agent nimesulide on TNBS-induced acute inflammation in the gut. Inflammation 2003. [PMID: 11820457 DOI: 10.1023/a: 1012860509440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease, increased production of prostaglandins by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) contributes to bowel dysfunction, inflammatory edema, and hyperemia suggesting that inhibitors of COX-2 may have beneficial effect in gut inflammation. We compared the effects of nimesulide, a preferential COX-2 inhibitor, with those of indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and dexamethasone in a 24-h model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in the rat. TNBS-induced colitis was associated with enhanced COX-2 expression in the gut and increased circulating concentrations of PGE2 metabolite (PGEM). Treatment with nimesulide (10 mg/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/kg), or dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) reduced plasma PGEM concentrations and edema in the inflamed bowel. In addition, nimesulide and dexamethasone treatments decreased neutrophil infiltration into the inflamed colon mucosa. ASA (10 mg/kg) did not have a significant effect on any of these measures of inflammation. None of the studied drugs reduced the size of inflammatory mucosal lesions in the colon. In TNBS-induced acute inflammation of the colon, nimesulide reduced the formation of inflammatory edema, probably by a mechanism related to inhibition of PGE2 production by COX-2 pathway. In addition, nimesulide inhibited neutrophil infiltration into inflamed mucosa mimicking the action of dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kankuri
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Finland
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11
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Harizi H, Juzan M, Moreau JF, Gualde N. Prostaglandins inhibit 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein expression and leukotriene B4 production from dendritic cells via an IL-10-dependent mechanism. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:139-46. [PMID: 12496393 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.1.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PGs produced from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenase enzymes play a pivotal role in the regulation of both inflammatory and immune responses. Because leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a product of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway, can exert numerous immunoregulatory and proinflammatory activities, we examined the effects of PGs on LTB4 release from dendritic cells (DC) and from peritoneal macrophages. In concentration-dependent manner, PGE1 and PGE2 inhibited the production of LTB4 from DC, but not from peritoneal macrophage, with an IC50 of 0.04 microM. The same effect was observed with MK-886, a 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP)-specific inhibitor. The decreased release of LTB4 was associated with an enhanced level of IL-10. Furthermore, the inhibition of LTB4 synthesis by PGs was significantly reversed by anti-IL-10, suggesting the involvement of an IL-10-dependent mechanism. Hence, we examined the effects of exogenous IL-10 on the 5-LO pathway. We demonstrate that IL-10 suppresses the production of LTB4 from DC by inhibiting FLAP protein expression without any effect on 5-LO and cytosolic phospholipase A2. Taken together, our results suggest links between DC cyclooxygenase and 5-LO pathways during the inflammatory response, and FLAP is a key target for the PG-induced IL-10-suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedi Harizi
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5540, Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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12
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Kankuri E, Vaali K, Korpela R, Paakkari I, Vapaatalo H, Moilanen E. Effects of a COX-2 preferential agent nimesulide on TNBS-induced acute inflammation in the gut. Inflammation 2001; 25:301-10. [PMID: 11820457 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012860509440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease, increased production of prostaglandins by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) contributes to bowel dysfunction, inflammatory edema, and hyperemia suggesting that inhibitors of COX-2 may have beneficial effect in gut inflammation. We compared the effects of nimesulide, a preferential COX-2 inhibitor, with those of indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and dexamethasone in a 24-h model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in the rat. TNBS-induced colitis was associated with enhanced COX-2 expression in the gut and increased circulating concentrations of PGE2 metabolite (PGEM). Treatment with nimesulide (10 mg/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/kg), or dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) reduced plasma PGEM concentrations and edema in the inflamed bowel. In addition, nimesulide and dexamethasone treatments decreased neutrophil infiltration into the inflamed colon mucosa. ASA (10 mg/kg) did not have a significant effect on any of these measures of inflammation. None of the studied drugs reduced the size of inflammatory mucosal lesions in the colon. In TNBS-induced acute inflammation of the colon, nimesulide reduced the formation of inflammatory edema, probably by a mechanism related to inhibition of PGE2 production by COX-2 pathway. In addition, nimesulide inhibited neutrophil infiltration into inflamed mucosa mimicking the action of dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kankuri
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Finland
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13
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Shahbazian A, Schuligoi R, Heinemann A, Peskar BA, Holzer P. Disturbance of peristalsis in the guinea-pig isolated small intestine by indomethacin, but not cyclo-oxygenase isoform-selective inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 132:1299-309. [PMID: 11250881 PMCID: PMC1572673 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Since the cyclo-oxygenase (COX) isoform-nonselective inhibitor indomethacin is known to modify intestinal motility, we analysed the effects of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition on intestinal peristalsis. 2. Peristalsis in isolated segments of the guinea-pig small intestine was triggered by a rise of the intraluminal pressure and recorded via the pressure changes associated with peristalsis. 3. The COX-1 inhibitor SC-560, the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 (both at 0.1 -- 1 microM) and the isoform-nonselective inhibitors flurbiprofen (0.01 - 10 microM) and piroxicam (0.1 - 50 microM) were without major influence on peristalsis, whereas indomethacin and etodolac (0.1 -- 10 microM) disturbed the regularity of peristalsis by causing nonpropulsive circular muscle contractions. 4. Radioimmunoassay measurements showed that SC-560, NS-398, indomethacin and etodolac (each at 1 microM) suppressed the release of 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1 alpha) (6-keto-PGF(1 alpha)) from the intestinal segments. 5. Reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction tests revealed that, relative to glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase ribonucleic acid, the expression of COX-1 mRNA increased by a factor of 2.0 whereas that of COX-2 mRNA rose by a factor of 7.9 during the 2 h experimental period. 6. Pharmacological experiments indicated that the action of indomethacin to disturb intestinal peristalsis was unrelated to inhibition of L-type calcium channels, adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels or phosphodiesterase type IV. 7. These results show that selective inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 does not grossly alter peristaltic motor activity in the guinea-pig isolated small intestine and that the effect of indomethacin to disturb the regular pattern of propulsive motility in this species is unrelated to COX inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/pharmacology
- 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha/biosynthesis
- Alprostadil/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Calcium Channel Agonists/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels/drug effects
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclooxygenase 1
- Cyclooxygenase 2
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology
- Guinea Pigs
- Indomethacin/pharmacology
- Intestine, Small/drug effects
- Intestine, Small/physiology
- Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Lipoxygenase Inhibitors
- Male
- Peristalsis/drug effects
- Potassium Channels/drug effects
- Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- Receptors, Thromboxane/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaid Shahbazian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rufina Schuligoi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard A Peskar
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Author for correspondence:
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Schwartz Z, Gilley RM, Sylvia VL, Dean DD, Boyan BD. Prostaglandins mediate the effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 on growth plate chondrocytes in a metabolite-specific and cell maturation-dependent manner. Bone 1999; 24:475-84. [PMID: 10321907 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(99)00014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have shown that 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulates alkaline phosphatase, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and protein kinase C (PKC)-specific activities, and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in growth zone chondrocytes. In contrast, 24,25-(OH)2D3 stimulates alkaline phosphatase and PKC-specific activities but inhibits PLA2-specific activity and PGE2 production in resting zone cells. This indicates that different mechanisms are involved in the action of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 on their respective target cells. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that differential regulation of prostaglandin production modulates the activity of PKC and alkaline phosphatase. To do this, we examined the effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (Indo) on alkaline phosphatase, PLA2, and PKC-specific activities in growth plate chondrocytes treated with these two vitamin D metabolites. In addition, we examined whether inhibition of PKC altered PGE2 production. In growth zone cells, Indo inhibited basal alkaline phosphatase and blocked the 1,25-(OH)2D3-dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase. This effect was due to inhibition of both plasma membrane and matrix vesicle alkaline phosphatase. In resting zone cells, Indo increased basal alkaline phosphatase activity in a dose-dependent manner, but it did not further enhance the 24,25-(OH)2D3-dependent stimulation of this enzyme. The effect of Indo was found in both plasma membranes and matrix vesicles. These data indicate that 1,25-(OH)2D3-dependent increases in alkaline phosphatase-specific activity in growth zone cells are mediated through increased prostaglandin production, whereas 24,25-(OH)2D3-mediated changes in enzyme activity in resting zone cells are mediated through decreased prostaglandin production. Regulation of PLA2 by either 1,25-(OH)2D3 or 24,25-(OH)2D3 in their target cells was unaffected by Indo, indicating that the effect of the vitamin D metabolites on this enzyme is not dependent on changes in PGE2 production. The rapid increase in 1,25-(OH)2D3-dependent PKC-specific activity in growth zone cells was inhibited by Indo, whereas there was a potentiation of the effect of 24,25-(OH)2D3 on PKC activity in resting zone cells. In addition, inhibition of PKC blocked the 1,25-(OH)2D3-dependent increase in PGE2 production in growth zone cells and the 24,25-(OH)2D3-dependent decrease in PGE2 production by resting zone cells. These data indicate that prostaglandins are involved in mediating the rapid effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on growth zone cells, and contribute to the effects of 24,25-(OH)2D3 on resting zone cells; in both instances, the vitamin D metabolites exert their effects on PKC through changes in arachidonic acid via the action of PLA2. In addition, PKC by itself may mediate the production of PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Schwartz
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284-7774, USA
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15
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Cowburn AS, Sladek K, Soja J, Adamek L, Nizankowska E, Szczeklik A, Lam BK, Penrose JF, Austen FK, Holgate ST, Sampson AP. Overexpression of leukotriene C4 synthase in bronchial biopsies from patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma. J Clin Invest 1998; 101:834-46. [PMID: 9466979 PMCID: PMC508632 DOI: 10.1172/jci620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin causes bronchoconstriction in aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) patients by triggering cysteinyl-leukotriene (cys-LT) production, probably by removing PGE2-dependent inhibition. To investigate why aspirin does not cause bronchoconstriction in all individuals, we immunostained enzymes of the leukotriene and prostanoid pathways in bronchial biopsies from AIA patients, aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) patients, and normal (N) subjects. Counts of cells expressing the terminal enzyme for cys-LT synthesis, LTC4 synthase, were fivefold higher in AIA biopsies (11.5+/-2.2 cells/mm2, n = 10) than in ATA biopsies (2.2+/-0.7, n = 10; P = 0. 0006) and 18-fold higher than in N biopsies (0.6+/-0.4, n = 9; P = 0. 0002). Immunostaining for 5-lipoxygenase, its activating protein (FLAP), LTA4 hydrolase, cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, and COX-2 did not differ. Enhanced baseline cys-LT levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of AIA patients correlated uniquely with bronchial counts of LTC4 synthase+ cells (rho = 0.83, P = 0.01). Lysine-aspirin challenge released additional cys-LTs into BAL fluid in AIA patients (200+/-120 pg/ml, n = 8) but not in ATA patients (0. 7+/-5.1, n = 5; P = 0.007). Bronchial responsiveness to lysine-aspirin correlated exclusively with LTC4 synthase+ cell counts (rho = -0.63, P = 0.049, n = 10). Aspirin may remove PGE2-dependent suppression in all subjects, but only in AIA patients does increased bronchial expression of LTC4 synthase allow marked overproduction of cys-LTs leading to bronchoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Cowburn
- University Medicine, Immunopharmacology Group, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- C Denzlinger
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany
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17
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Denzlinger C, Kless T, Sagebiel-Kohler S, Lemmen C, Jacob K, Wilmanns W, Adam O. Modulation of the endogenous leukotriene production by fish oil and vitamin E. JOURNAL OF LIPID MEDIATORS AND CELL SIGNALLING 1995; 11:119-32. [PMID: 7780681 DOI: 10.1016/0929-7855(94)00032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of fish oil and vitamin E on the endogenous leukotriene production. 10 healthy volunteers were supplemented for 1 week with fish oil (containing 40 mg/kg body weight per day of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid), vitamin E (540 mg, i.e., 800 IU of D-alpha-tocopherol per day), or with both agents. Treatment resulted in a significant increase in the eicosapentaenoate concentration in red blood cell membranes and/or in the vitamin E concentration in serum. In addition, nine obese patients were investigated who were on a hypocaloric diet including 10 mg vitamin E/day for 8 weeks. This diet was associated with a significant decrease in serum vitamin E concentration. The urinary concentration of leukotriene E4 plus N-acetylleukotriene E4 served as a measure for the endogenous leukotriene production. Fish oil reduced leukotriene production in eight of the 10 healthy individuals. After vitamin E supplementation, urinary leukotrienes were significantly reduced in all of the healthy volunteers. The combination of vitamin E plus fish oil had no synergistic effect on leukotriene production in the individuals tested. The decrease in serum vitamin E concentration during the hypocaloric, 10 mg vitamin E/day diet was associated with an increase in urinary leukotrienes in 8 of the 9 obese patients. Urinary prostaglandin metabolites, determined as tetranorprostanedioic acid, increased or decreased in parallel with urinary leukotrienes in most individuals; however, changes were less pronounced than those observed with leukotrienes. We conclude that the endogenous leukotriene production can be reduced effectively by high doses of fish oil or vitamin E, whereas vitamin E depletion is associated with an increase in leukotriene generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Denzlinger
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
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18
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Shoenfeld Y, Blank M, Fishman P. Antiphospholipid syndrome: from the laboratory bench to the patients' bedside. Lupus 1995; 4 Suppl 1:S33-6. [PMID: 7757109 DOI: 10.1177/096120339400400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Shoenfeld
- Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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19
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Reder AT, Thapar M, Sapugay AM, Jensen MA. Prostaglandins and inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism suppress experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 1994; 54:117-27. [PMID: 7523442 DOI: 10.1016/0165-5728(94)90238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is an animal model of post-infectious encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis (MS). Acute EAE is mediated by macrophages and by T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes directed against brain antigens. Inflammation in EAE could potentially be modified by prostaglandins (PG) secreted by blood monocytes (Mo) and brain glial cells. PGE elevates cAMP, which inhibits Mo function and selectively blocks secretion of cytokines by Th1 cells. In the present study, we found that a long-acting PGE1 analogue (LAPGE) inhibited clinical and histological EAE. Indomethacin (INDO) also suppressed active EAE. The combination of INDO plus LAPGE inhibited disease further, possibly by allowing LAPGE to function unopposed by immunostimulatory PG. EAE was suppressed when these agents were administered from the time of immunization or from the onset of clinical disease. The combination of INDO plus LAPGE also inhibited delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to myelin basic protein (MBP), and diminished in vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogens and MBP. PGE analogues and modifiers of arachidonate metabolism block autoimmune responses to brain antigens in vitro and in vivo, and may ameliorate inflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the brain and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Reder
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, IL 60637
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20
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Beusenberg FD, Hoogsteden HC, Bonta IL, van Amsterdam JG. Cyclic AMP enhancing drugs modulate eicosanoid release from human alveolar macrophages. Life Sci 1994; 54:1269-74. [PMID: 7513039 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutyl-methylxanthine (IBMX), salbutamol and sodium nitroprusside was evaluated regarding PGE2 and LTB4 release and cAMP and cGMP level in human alveolar macrophages obtained from controls and COPD patients. Basal levels per five million control- respectively COPD alveolar macrophages: cAMP 1.2 and 1.0 pmole; cGMP 8.4 and 9.1 fmole; PGE2 120 and 63 pg and LTB4 19.2 and 14.8 pg. In both populations IBMX increased cAMP level by 55-93% and salbutamol+IBMX by 285-252%. Except for the 61% rise in LTB4 release by salbutamol+IBMX the drugs hardly affected PGE2 and LTB4 release from control macrophages. In COPD alveolar macrophages, however, IBMX and IBMX+salbutamol largely reduced PGE2 release (63 vs 11 pg per 10(6) cells) but less efficiently increased LTB4. In both macrophage populations sodium nitroprusside (SNP) substantially increased (3-4 fold) cGMP level but did not affect eicosanoid production. Present results indicate that drugs which enhance cAMP level decrease PGE2 release from COPD macrophages and stimulate the release of LTB4 a chemotactic mediator involved in bronchial inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Beusenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- M Negishi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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22
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Elliott GR, Van de Meent D, Van Dijk J. Interleukin-1 alpha-stimulated fibroblast eicosanoid synthesis is not mediated by interleukin-6. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 214:253-9. [PMID: 1516641 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90126-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adherent human dermal fibroblasts secreted interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin I2 and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (assayed by radioimmunoassay) during a 3 h incubation period. Although human dermal fibroblasts did not secrete interleukin-1 alpha or interleukin-1 beta, human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha stimulated arachidonic acid metabolism and interleukin-6 synthesis. This effect was, at least partly, dependent on de novo protein synthesis. In contrast, human recombinant interleukin-6 had no effect on the synthesis and release of the eicosanoids measured. Human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha also stimulated the metabolism of [14C]arachidonic acid, but only if fibroblast were pre-incubated with the cytokine for three hours. Our data indicate that (a) fibroblasts secrete interleukin-6 but not interleukin-1, (b) interleukin-1 alpha, but not interleukin-6, stimulates fibroblast arachidonic acid metabolism and (c) the mechanisms involved in the metabolism of endogenous arachidonic acid are more sensitive to human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha than those involved in metabolism of the exogenous substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Elliott
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Biological Laboratory, T.N.O., Rijswijk, Netherlands
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23
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the augmented lipoxygenase pathway: conceivable impact on joint conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2982-4_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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24
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Schenkelaars EJ, Singh HN, Goldberg RL, Doughty JR, Peppard J, DiPasquale G, Quagliata F. Pharmacological modulation of rat monocytes: in vivo effects on Ia expression and interleukin-1 production. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1991; 34:66-9. [PMID: 1793054 DOI: 10.1007/bf01993240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that during the developing phase of adjuvant disease (AD) in rats the expression of MHC class II (Ia) antigens on blood monocytes (BM) was enhanced. The results of a study in established AD are reported now. Four agents were tested: indomethacin and diclofenac-sodium (1 mg/kg/day); levamisole and prinomide (10 mg/kg/day), administered orally from day 18-31 after induction of AD. We assessed the following BM parameters: Ia expression, interleukin-1 (sIL-1) production, and membrane bound IL-1 (mIL-1). In AD Ia expression was enhanced, no changes occurred in mIL-1 or sIL-1. Indomethacin treatment reduced sIL-1 production, levamisole Ia expression and mIL-1 activity, prinomide all three parameters measured and diclofenac, though clinically effective, none.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Schenkelaars
- CIBA-GEIGY Corporation, Pharmaceuticals Division, Summit, NJ 07901
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25
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Christman JW, Abdolrasulnia R, Shepherd VL, Rinaldo JE. Paradoxical regulation by PGE-2 on release of neutrophil chemoattractants by rat bone marrow macrophages. PROSTAGLANDINS 1991; 41:251-62. [PMID: 1852897 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(91)90045-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was shown to cause up to a 110% increase in the release into media of soluble chemoattractants for neutrophils by cultured rat bone marrow macrophages (RBMM) during a 16 hour incubation period. Coincubating with concentrations of PGE2 of 10 nM and below did not stimulate release of chemoattractants while concentrations between 10(2) and 10(4) nM increased the chemotactic activity of conditioned medium by 40% to 110% (p less than 0.05). In contrast to the effect of coincubating, pre-treatment with PGE2 for 2 and 4 hours was ineffective in stimulating the release of chemoattractants by RBMM. We also assessed whether PGE-2 modulated the release of chemoattractants by RBMM stimulated with endotoxin (LPS). LPS caused a four fold increase in the production of chemoattractants with a peak effect found at an LPS concentration of 1 microgram/ml. Coincubating with PGE2 in concentrations between 10(2) and 10(4) nM paradoxically decreased LPS-stimulated production of chemoattractants by up to 40% (p less than 0.05). Pre-treatment with PGE2 for 4 hours partially blocked LPS-stimulated release of chemotactic activity. These data indicate that PGE-2 has paradoxical effects on the production of chemoattractants by RBMM: being independently stimulatory but down regulating the effects of LPS. These findings suggest the possibility that the activation state of the RBMM may determine the effect of PGE2: quiescent RBMM can be stimulated by PGE2 but LPS-activated RBMM may be suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Christman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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26
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Elliott GR, Lauwen AP, Bonta IL. Dibutyryl cytidine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate; an inhibitor of A23187-stimulated macrophage leukotriene B4 synthesis. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1991; 32:90-1. [PMID: 1647653 DOI: 10.1007/bf01983323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G R Elliott
- Pharmacology Department, M.B.L., Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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27
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Dembińska-Kieć A, Zmuda A, Marcinkiewicz J, Sinzinger H, Gryglewski RJ. Influence of no-donor (SIN-1) on functions of inflammatory cells. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1991; 32:37-40. [PMID: 2058467 DOI: 10.1007/bf01983305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NO-donor SIN-1 (0.01-1.0 mM) dose-dependently inhibited the basal and FMLP (30.0 mM)-stimulated release of beta-glucuronidase from rat peritoneal leukocytes and antigen-specific stimulation of Interleukin-2 production by T-hybridomas. I-123 LDL binding to human lymphocytes was inhibited by Iloprost (1 mM) but activated by SIN-1 (0.3 mM). We conclude that beside the smooth muscle cells and platelets the blood inflammatory/immune cells are under the PGI2/NO control, however, the precise regulation as well as physiological importance need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dembińska-Kieć
- Chair of Pharmacology, Institute of Microbiology Copernicus Academy of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
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28
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Elliott GR, Lauwen AP, Bonta IL. Leukotriene B4 stimulation of macrophage cyclooxygenase metabolite synthesis. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1991; 32:73-4. [PMID: 1647649 DOI: 10.1007/bf01983316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G R Elliott
- Pharmacology Dept., M.B.L., Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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29
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Sebastião AM, Stone TW, Ribeiro JA. The inhibitory adenosine receptor at the neuromuscular junction and hippocampus of the rat: antagonism by 1,3,8-substituted xanthines. Br J Pharmacol 1990; 101:453-9. [PMID: 2257444 PMCID: PMC1917689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb12729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The ability of 1,3,8-substituted xanthines to antagonize the inhibitory effects of adenosine receptor agonist on the amplitude of nerve-evoked twitches of the rat phrenic-diaphragm and on the amplitude of orthodromically-evoked population spikes, recorded from the CA1 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices, was investigated. 2. 1,3-Dipropyl-8-cyclopenthylxanthine (DPCPX), 1,3-dipropyl-8-(carboxymethyloxyphenyl)xanthine (XCC), 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-[2-aminoethyl)amino)carbonylmethyloxyphenyl)x ant hine (XAC), 1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)xanthine (PACPX), 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT), 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine (DPX) and PD 115,199, in concentrations virtually devoid of effect on neuromuscular transmission, shifted to the right in a near parallel manner the log concentration-response curve for the inhibitory effect of 2-chloroadenosine (CADO) on nerve-evoked twitches of the phrenic-diaphragm. Linear Schild plots with slopes near to unity were obtained for all the xanthines. 3. The order of potency of the xanthines as antagonists of the effect of CADO in the phrenic-diaphragm was DPCPX (Ki = 0.54 nM) greater than XCC (Ki = 10 nM), XAC (Ki = 11 nM), PACPX (Ki = 13 nM) greater than DPX (Ki = 22 nM), 8-PT (Ki = 25 nM) greater than PD 115,199 (Ki = 57 nM). The potency of DPCPX in antagonizing the inhibitory effects of R-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) on nerve-evoked twitch response was not statistically different from its potency in antagonizing the inhibitory effect on CADO. 4. In the hippocampal slices, DPCPX, XCC and XAC, used in concentrations virtually devoid of effect on population spike amplitude, shifted to the right in a near parallel manner the log concentrationresponse curve for the inhibitory effect of CADO on the amplitude of the population spikes. The Schild plots were linear with slopes near unity. 5. The potencies of DPCPX (K, = 0.45 nM) and XAC (K, = 11 nM) in antagonizing the inhibitory adenosine receptor at the hippocampus were similar to their potencies for antagonism of the inhibitory adenosine receptor at the phrenic-diaphragm. XCC was only slightly more potent (K, = 5.4 nM) as an antagonist of the adenosine receptor in the hippocampus than in the phrenic-diaphragm. 6. The results suggest that the inhibitory adenosine receptors in the phrenic-diaphragm and in the hippocampus of the rat are similar, and that according to the antagonist potencies, these receptors belong to the A1-adenosine receptor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Sebastião
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal
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30
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Bonta IL, Ben-Efraim S. Interactions between inflammatory mediators in expression of antitumor cytostatic activity of macrophages. Immunol Lett 1990; 25:295-301. [PMID: 2123474 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(90)90199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor properties and participation in inflammatory events are important characteristics of activated macrophages. We show here that both antitumor cytostatic function of macrophages and participation of these cells at inflammatory sites are controlled by two main groups of mediators: cytokines (IL-1, TNF alpha) and eicosanoids (prostanoids and leukotrienes). These two groups of mediators represent a complex system of mutual interactions in regulation of their production and activities. Multiple sets of experiments with murine macrophages are discussed in favor of the views that PGE2 and lipoxygenase products oppose each other's actions, and that the regulating role of PGE2 in the secretions of cytokines are of pivotal importance in antitumor cytostasis of macrophages in vitro. Such observations can be extended to a situation ex vivo, showing that human macrophages harvested from inflammatory sites have markedly augmented cytostatic expression. It thus appears that the antitumor cytostatic function of macrophages is related to the production of inflammatory mediators by these cells. Accordingly, it might be that occurrence of inflammation in tumor-bearing individuals plays a role in the promotion of antitumor activity of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Bonta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Communications. Br J Pharmacol 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb16587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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32
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Raud J. Vasodilatation and inhibition of mediator release represent two distinct mechanisms for prostaglandin modulation of acute mast cell-dependent inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 1990; 99:449-54. [PMID: 2158843 PMCID: PMC1917358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb12948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Intravital microscopy of the hamster cheek pouch was used to examine the influence of vasodilator prostanoids (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGI2), forskolin, and nitroprusside on the microvascular changes during acute inflammation induced by antigen or histamine. The results extend our previous finding that PGE2 modulates allergic inflammation and histamine release in the cheek pouch model. 2. The microvascular actions of arachidonic acid and different cyclo-oxygenase products (PGE2, PGD2, PGI2, PGF2 alpha, and the thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-analogue U-44069) were first compared with respect to their effects on arteriolar tone. Of the prostaglandins, only PGE2 and PGI2 were potent vasodilators and markedly increased local blood flow. Nitroprusside and forskolin also caused vasodilatation and increased blood flow, but were somewhat less potent than PGE2 and PGI2. 3. Topically applied PGE2 and PGI2 in vasodilator concentrations suppressed the antigen-induced plasma leakage. On the other hand, although the antigen response was predominantly mediated by histamine, both prostaglandins enhanced the plasma leakage evoked by exogenous histamine. 4. In contrast, the vasodilator nitroprusside, in a dose causing an increase in blood flow equal to that of PGE2 and PGI2, potentiated both the histamine-induced plasma leakage, as well as the plasma and leukocyte extravasation after antigen challenge, indicating that the anti-inflammatory actions of the prostaglandins were unrelated to their vasodilator properties per se. 5. Because forskolin, a specific activator of adenylate cyclase, mimicked the actions of PGE2 and PGI2, i.e. inhibition of the antigen-induced plasma extravasation and enhancement of the histamine response, it is possible that the observed antiallergic effects of the prostaglandins were related to accumulation of intracellular adenosine 3': 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP). 6. Taken together, there appears to be a competition between pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of PGE2 and PGI2 in reactions involving release of endogeneous inflammatory mediators in vivo, i.e. enhancement of inflammatory mediator target action on one hand ('two mediator synergism'), and suppression of mediator release on the other. Moreover, the observations indicate that vasodilatation and inhibition of mediator release are two distinct actions of PGE2 and PGI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Raud
- Department of Physiology I, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Pankhania JJ, Bakhle YS. Treatment in vivo with Ph CL28A alters prostaglandin E2, prostacyclin and leukotriene C4 metabolism in rat isolated lung. PULMONARY PHARMACOLOGY 1990; 3:73-7. [PMID: 2135211 DOI: 10.1016/0952-0600(90)90035-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effects of a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) catabolism, Ph CL28A, given in vivo, on PG metabolism in rat perfused lungs, isolated at different times after treatment. Two doses of Ph CL28A were used, 10 and 30 mg/kg, and lungs isolated at 1, 2 and 4h after a single injection (i.p.). The catabolism of exogenous PGE2 was decreased for up to 2h after injection. Synthesis of PGI2 using exogenous arachidonic acid, was increased by treatment with Ph CL28A. Stimulation of the turnover of endogenous arachidonic acid with the calcium ionophore A23187 led to the synthesis of LTC4 as well as PGI2. Treatment in vivo with Ph CL28A, decreased the output of LTC4 but increased that of PGI2. However in the presence of indomethacin, the perfused lung did not form any PGI2 and the output of LTC4 was still inhibited by Ph CL28A. We conclude that the inhibition of LT formation in lung by Ph CL28A was not due to the increased production of PGI2. These two properties, inhibition of LT synthesis and potentiation of PGI2 formation, may synergize in vivo to give antiinflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Pankhania
- Department of Pharmacology, Hunterian Institute, Royal College of Surgeons, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London
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