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Xiao W, Ye P, Wang F, Cao R, Bai Y, Wang X. Plasma Homocysteine Is a Predictive Factor for Accelerated Renal Function Decline and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Community-Dwelling Population. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:541-549. [PMID: 34365457 DOI: 10.1159/000514360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk factor for the progression of kidney disease in general population has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic properties of plasma tHcy for renal function decrement and early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in community-dwelling populations with normal renal function at baseline. METHODS A total of 1,426 participants were enrolled and followed for a median of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 4.5-5.2), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated. One main outcome was the rapid eGFR decline defined as a decline in eGFR of >3 mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year; the other was the new incidence of CKD. RESULTS At the end of follow-up, the incidence of rapid eGFR decline and new-onset CKD was 20.7 and 5.6%, respectively. In multivariate linear regression analysis, age, central pulse pressure, fasting blood glucose, and concentration of tHcy were independent determinants of the change in eGFR. There was a graded association between tHcy quartiles and eGFR decline. Compared with participants with the lowest quartile of tHcy levels, those with the highest quartile had significantly increased risk for rapid eGFR decline (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-2.94) and new onset of CKD (adjusted hazard ratio = 4.29; 95% CI: 1.42-12.99) after adjusting for various confounders. Similarly, significant associations were also found when baseline tHcy was classified as hyperhomocysteinemia (>15 μmol/L) versus normal tHcy level (≤15 μmol/L). However, there was only association between the change in tHcy levels and new occurrence of CKD but not with rapid eGFR decline (aOR = 0.99, p = 0.613). CONCLUSIONS In this prospective cohort of individuals from community-based population, elevated plasma tHcy emerged as an independent predictor of renal function decline and incident CKD, which might support selection of at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Bai
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Endothelinergic Contractile Hyperreactivity in Rat Contralateral Carotid to Balloon Injury: Integrated Role for ET B Receptors and Superoxide Anion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3137580. [PMID: 29062837 PMCID: PMC5618786 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3137580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Temporal consequences of neurocompensation to balloon injury on endothelinergic functionality in rat contralateral carotid were evaluated. Rats underwent balloon injury in left carotid and were treated with CP-96345 (NK1 antagonist). Concentration-response curves for endothelin-1 were obtained in contralateral (right) carotid at 2, 8, 16, 30, or 45 days after surgery in the absence or presence of BQ-123 (ETA antagonist), BQ-788 (ETB antagonist), or Tempol (superoxide-dismutase mimic). Endothelin-1-induced calcium mobilization was evaluated in functional assays carried out with BQ-123, BQ-788, or Tempol. Endothelin-1-induced NADPH oxidase-driven superoxide generation was measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence assays performed with BQ-123 or BQ-788. Endothelin-1-induced contraction was increased in contralateral carotid from the sixteenth day after surgery. This response was restored in CP-96345-treated rats. Endothelium removal or BQ-123 did not change endothelin-1-induced contraction in contralateral carotid. This response was restored by BQ-788 or Tempol. Contralateral carotid exhibited an increased endothelin-1-induced calcium mobilization, which was restored by BQ-788 or Tempol. Contralateral carotid exhibited an increased endothelin-1-induced lucigenin chemiluminescence, which was restored by BQ-788. We conclude that the NK1-mediated neurocompensatory response to balloon injury elicits a contractile hyperreactivity to endothelin-1 in rat contralateral carotid by enhancing the muscular ETB-mediated NADPH oxidase-driven generation of superoxide, which activates calcium channels.
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Côco H, Pernomian L, Marchi KC, Gomes MS, de Andrade CR, Ramalho LNZ, Tirapelli CR, de Oliveira AM. Consequence of hyperhomocysteinaemia on α1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction in the rat corpus cavernosum: the role of reactive oxygen species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:63-75. [PMID: 26725912 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our main objective was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) on contractile response mediated by α1-adrenoceptors in the rat corpus cavernosum. METHODS Concentration-response curves for phenylephrine (PE) were obtained in strips of corpus cavernosum, in absence or after incubation with tiron, tempol or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase combined or not with tempol. We also measured the superoxide anion (O2(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity and α-actin expression in rat corpus cavernosum from both groups. KEY FINDINGS HHcy increased PE-induced contraction in cavernosal strips. Tiron, PEG-catalase or tempol increased PE-induced contraction in strips from control rats, but it was not altered by tiron or PEG-catalase in HHcy rats, whereas tempol reduced this response. The combination of PEG-catalase and tempol did not alter the contractile response to PE in both groups. HHcy increased O2(-) generation and SOD activity, whereas H2O2 concentration was reduced. Finally, HHcy did not alter catalase activity or expression of α-actin. CONCLUSIONS The major new finding from this study is that HHcy induced a marked increase in PE-induced contraction in rat corpus cavernosum by a mechanism that involves increased O2(-) generation and it could play a role in the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction associated with HHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariane Côco
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Pernomian
- Laboratory of Vascular Injury, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia C Marchi
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara S Gomes
- Laboratory of Vascular Injury, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R de Andrade
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandra N Z Ramalho
- Nucleus of Applied Bioprospection and Molecular Research, Faculdades Inta, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Vascular Injury, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Homocysteine-induced attenuation of vascular endothelium-dependent hyperalgesia in the rat. Neuroscience 2014; 284:678-684. [PMID: 25451284 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated a role of the vascular endothelium in peripheral pain mechanism by disrupting endothelial cell function using intravascular administration of octoxynol-9, a non-selective membrane active agent. As an independent test of the role of endothelial cells in pain mechanisms, we evaluated the effect of homocysteine, an agent that damages endothelial cell function. Mechanical stimulus-induced enhancement of endothelin-1 hyperalgesia in the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was first prevented then enhanced by intravenous administration of homocysteine, but was only inhibited by its precursor, methionine. Both homocysteine and methionine significantly attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia in two models of ergonomic muscle pain, induced by exposure to vibration, and by eccentric exercise, and cutaneous mechanical hyperalgesia in an ischemia-reperfusion injury model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type I, all previously shown responsive to octoxynol-9. This study provides independent support for a role of the endothelial cell in pain syndromes thought to have a vascular basis, and suggests that substances that are endothelial cell toxins can enhance vascular pain.
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Zhang M, Wen J, Wang X, Xiao C. High‑dose folic acid improves endothelial function by increasing tetrahydrobiopterin and decreasing homocysteine levels. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1609-13. [PMID: 24939255 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of folic acid (FA) on tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), neopterin, nitric oxide (NO) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in vitro in the presence or absence of Hcy. The effect of various doses of FA on Hcy, BH4, neopterin and NO concentrations in HUVECs was then assessed. In the 5 and 10 nmol/l FA treatment groups, FA was found to significantly increase the levels of BH4 (10.56±3.86 and 11.23±2.1919 pmol/g vs 6.32+2.87 nmol/g; P<0.05 vs. control) and NO production (37.86±12.34 nmol/l, 38.45±11.23 nmol/l vs 26.21±9.24 nmol/l; P<0.001 vs. paired Hcy group), but reduce the levels of Hcy (132.87±29.67 and 140.87±26.76 nmol/l vs. 165.23±30.56 nmol/l; P<0.05 vs. Hcy group). No significant differences were observed in neopterin levels among the different groups of HUVECs. In conclusion, high doses of FA may be capable of protecting endothelial cells through reducing levels of Hcy and increasing BH4 and NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Jinlin Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
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Mangat GS, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Ameliorative Effect of a Selective Endothelin ETA Receptor Antagonist in Rat Model of L-Methionine-induced Vascular Dementia. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:201-9. [PMID: 24976759 PMCID: PMC4071172 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of selective ETA receptor antagonist, ambrisentan on hyperhomocysteinemia-induced experimental vascular dementia. L-methionine was administered for 8 weeks to induce hyperhomocysteinemia and associated vascular dementia in male rats. Ambrisentan was administered to L-methionine-treated effect rats for 4 weeks (starting from 5th to 8th week of L-methionine treatment). On 52nd day onward, the animals were exposed to the Morris water maze (MWM) for testing their learning and memory abilities. Vascular endothelial function, serum nitrite/nitrate levels, brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), brain reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were also measured. L-methionine-treated animals showed significant learning and memory impairment, endothelial dysfunction, decrease in/serum nitrite/nitrate and brain GSH levels along with an increase in brain TBARS levels and AChE activity. Ambrisentan significantly improved hyperhomocysteinemia-induced impairment of learning, memory, endothelial dysfunction, and changes in various biochemical parameters. These effects were comparable to that of donepezil serving as positive control. It is concluded that ambrisentan, a selective ETA receptor antagonist may be considered as a potential pharmacological agent for the management of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautamjeet S Mangat
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala (Punjab) 147002, India
| | - Amteshwar S Jaggi
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala (Punjab) 147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala (Punjab) 147002, India
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Abstract
The present review first summarizes the complex chain of events, in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, that leads to endothelium-dependent relaxations (vasodilatations) due to the generation of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and how therapeutic interventions may improve the bioavailability of NO and thus prevent/cure endothelial dysfunction. Then, the role of other endothelium-derived mediators (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing (EDHF) and contracting (EDCF) factors, endothelin-1) and signals (myoendothelial coupling) is summarized also, with special emphasis on their interaction(s) with the NO pathway, which make the latter not only a major mediator but also a key regulator of endothelium-dependent responses.
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Félétou M. The Endothelium, Part I: Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells -- Focus on Endothelium-Derived Vasoactive Mediators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4199/c00031ed1v01y201105isp019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Dai ZK, Hsieh CC, Chai CY, Wu JR, Jeng AY, Chou SH, Wu BN, Yeh JL, Chen IJ, Tan MS. Protective effects of a dual endothelin converting enzyme/neutral endopeptidase inhibitor on the development of pulmonary hypertension secondary to cardiac dysfunction in the rat. Pediatr Pulmonol 2010; 45:1076-85. [PMID: 20658482 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)-1 interact to regulate the vascular tone in pulmonary hypertension (PH). We investigated the protective effects of an orally active, dual endothelin converting enzyme (ECE)/neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor/CGS 26393 on pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary expressions of ET-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) during the development of PH secondary to cardiac dysfunction. Significant increases in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arteriolar medial thickness, and pulmonary expression of ET-1 were seen in rats subjected to aortic banding for 4 weeks, compared with sham-operated rats. Treatment with CGS 26393 (30 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o.) began on 1 day after aortic banding. CGS 26393 treated rats had lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure (15 ± 1 mmHg, mean ± SEM, P < 0.05) compared to vehicle-treated rats (37 ± 1 mmHg). It also normalized pulmonary arteriolar medial thickness and reduced the levels of pulmonary ET-1 and big ET-1 by 55% (P < 0.05) and 28% (P < 0.01), respectively, when compared with vehicle-treated animals. Meanwhile, the expressions of eNOS mRNA and eNOS protein and cGMP levels in the lung of CGS 26393-treated rats were increased by 62% (P < 0.05), 100% (P < 0.05), and 32% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the vehicle-treated rats. These results suggest that CGS 26393 could offer preventive effects on the development of PH by ameliorating pulmonary remodeling, decreasing ET-1 production, and up-regulating eNOS and cGMP in aorta-banded rats. However, the molecular mechanisms by which treatment with CGS 26393 results in altered expressions of eNOS and cGMP awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Adult rats are more sensitive to the vascular effects induced by hyperhomocysteinemia than young rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
In this issue, BJP is proud to publish an Endothelium Themed Section to celebrate the life of Robert F. Furchgott, who died on May 19th 2009. It is 30 years since he discovered endothelium-derived relaxant factor and a decade since he was awarded the Nobel Prize for this work. His discovery has led to an array of new therapeutic targets. The themed section includes three reviews on the pathophysiology of the endothelium and the drug targets that this presents, four research papers and three commentaries on research. This themed section also forms the nucleus of an online Virtual Issue that collects in one place further reviews and research papers on the topic of the 'Endothelium' that BJP and our sister journal BJCP have published in the past year, and that should help researchers and students to find the latest work in this field.
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de Andrade CR, Tirapelli CR, Haddad R, Eberlin MN, Ramalho LN, Iyomasa MM, Uyemura SA, de Oliveira AM. Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by feeding rats diets rich in dl-homocysteine thiolactone promotes alterations on carotid reactivity independent of arterial structure. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 51:291-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Robert F. Furchgott, pharmacologist and joint winner of the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology (1998) died on the 12th of May 2009 aged 92. By unlocking the astonishingly diverse biological actions of nitric oxide, Furchgott leaves behind a rich legacy that has both revolutionized our understanding of human physiology and stimulated new and exciting opportunities for drug development in a wide range of pathological conditions. In this article, William Martin, who worked with Furchgott for 2 years (1983-1985), following the exciting discovery of endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide, pays tribute to his close friend and colleague.
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