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Effects of Lycopene Attenuating Injuries in Ischemia and Reperfusion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9309327. [PMID: 36246396 PMCID: PMC9568330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9309327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue and organ ischemia can lead to cell trauma, tissue necrosis, irreversible damage, and death. While intended to reverse ischemia, reperfusion can further aggravate an ischemic injury (ischemia-reperfusion injury, I/R injury) through a range of pathologic processes. An I/R injury to one organ can also harm other organs, leading to systemic multiorgan failure. A type of carotenoid, lycopene, has been shown to treat and prevent many diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, male infertility, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular disease), making it a hot research topic in health care. Some recent researches have suggested that lycopene can evidently ameliorate ischemic and I/R injuries to many organs, but few clinical studies are available. Therefore, it is essential to review the effects of lycopene on ischemic and I/R injuries to different organs, which may help further research into its potential clinical applications.
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2
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Jeddi S, Gheibi S, Afzali H, Carlström M, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Hydrogen sulfide potentiates the protective effects of nitrite against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in type 2 diabetic rats. Nitric Oxide 2022; 124:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Petraina A, Nogales C, Krahn T, Mucke H, Lüscher TF, Fischmeister R, Kass DA, Burnett JC, Hobbs AJ, Schmidt HHHW. Cyclic GMP modulating drugs in cardiovascular diseases: Mechanism-based network pharmacology. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2085-2102. [PMID: 34270705 PMCID: PMC9302891 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanism-based therapy centred on the molecular understanding of disease-causing pathways in a given patient is still the exception rather than the rule in medicine, even in cardiology. However, recent successful drug developments centred around the second messenger cyclic guanosine-3′-5′-monophosphate (cGMP), which is regulating a number of cardiovascular disease modulating pathways, are about to provide novel targets for such a personalized cardiovascular therapy. Whether cGMP breakdown is inhibited or cGMP synthesis is stimulated via guanylyl cyclases or their upstream regulators in different cardiovascular disease phenotypes, the outcomes seem to be so far uniformly protective. Thus, a network of cGMP-modulating drugs has evolved that act in a mechanism-based, possibly causal manner in a number of cardiac conditions. What remains a challenge is the detection of cGMPopathy endotypes amongst cardiovascular disease phenotypes. Here, we review the growing clinical relevance of cGMP and provide a glimpse into the future on how drugs interfering with this pathway may change how we treat and diagnose cardiovascular diseases altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Petraina
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cristian Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Krahn
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust and Imperial College, London, SW3 6NP, UK.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John C Burnett
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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4
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Lai Q, Yuan G, Shen L, Zhang L, Fu F, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Kou J, Liu S, Yu B, Li F. Oxoeicosanoid receptor inhibition alleviates acute myocardial infarction through activation of BCAT1. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:3. [PMID: 33484341 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is an arachidonic acid metabolite produced along with leukotrienes via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Metabolomics studies have shown that 5-oxo-ETE level is elevated in the serum in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The actions of 5-oxo-ETE are mediated by the highly selective oxoeicosanoid receptor (OXE-R). Moreover, increased OXE-R content was verified in AMI patients and mice. However, the precise role of OXE-R in AMI is unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that 5-oxo-ETE triggered myocardial injury in mice. Pathway enrichment analysis identified branched chain amino acid transaminase 1/2 (BCAT1/2) as potential mediators of this effect. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed that BCAT1/BCAT2 expression was significantly reduced by AMI in vitro and in vivo, while pharmacologic inhibition of BCAT1/BCAT2 accelerated myocardial injury. Conversely, heart-specific overexpression of BCAT1/BCAT2 in mice protected against ischemic myocardial injury. Treatment with the selective OXE-R inhibitor Gue1654 alleviated coronary artery ligation-induced ischemic myocardial injury in mice and oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced injury in cardiomyocytes through activation of BCAT1, while inhibiting OXE-R suppressed protein kinase C-ε (PKC-ε)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Overall, our study confirmed a novel target OXE-R for the treatment of AMI based on metabolomics, and targeting OXE-R may represent unrecognized therapeutic intervention for cardiovascular diseases through activation of BCAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Guangying Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Le Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Fei Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zeliang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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5
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Makkos A, Szántai Á, Pálóczi J, Pipis J, Kiss B, Poggi P, Ferdinandy P, Chatgilialoglu A, Görbe A. A Comorbidity Model of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Hypercholesterolemia in Rat Cardiac Myocyte Cultures. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1564. [PMID: 31992989 PMCID: PMC6962358 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of comorbidity models is crucial in cardioprotective drug development. Hypercholesterolemia causes endothelial and myocardial dysfunction, as well as aggravates ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury. Endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms against I/R are impaired in hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic in vivo animal models. Therefore, our aim was to develop a medium throughput comorbidity cell-based test system of myocardial I/R injury, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia that mimics comorbidity conditions. Methods Cardiac myocytes isolated from neonatal or adult rat hearts were cultured in control or in three different hypercholesterolemic media with increasing cholesterol content (hiChol) or hiChol + hyperglycemic medium, respectively. Each group was then subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) or corresponding normoxic condition, respectively. Cholesterol uptake was tested by Filipin staining in neonatal cardiac myocytes. Cell viability, total cell count and oxidative stress, i.e., total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide level were measured by fluorescent assays. Results Neonatal cardiac myocytes took up cholesterol from the different hiChol media at a concentration-dependent manner. In normoxia, viability of hiChol neonatal cardiac myocytes was not significantly changed, however, superoxide levels were increased as compared to vehicle. After SI/R, the viability of hiChol neonatal cardiac myocytes was decreased and total ROS level was increased as compared to vehicle. HiChol combined with hyperglycemia further aggravated cell death and oxidative stress in normoxic as well as in SI/R conditions. Viability of hiChol adult cardiac myocytes was significantly decreased and superoxide level was increased in normoxia and these changes were further aggravated by SI/R. HiChol combined with hyperglycemia further aggravated cell death, however level of oxidative stress increased only in normoxic condition. Conclusion HiChol rat cardiac myocytes showed reduction of cell viability and increased oxidative stress, which were further aggravated by SI/R and with additional hyperglycemia. This is the first demonstration that the combination of the current hypercholesterolemic medium and SI/R in cardiac myocytes mimics the cardiac pathology of the comorbid heart with I/R and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Makkos
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szántai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Pálóczi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Bernadett Kiss
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Anikó Görbe
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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6
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Ying W, Zhao D, Ouyang P, Subramanya V, Vaidya D, Ndumele CE, Guallar E, Sharma K, Shah SJ, Kass DA, Hoogeveen RC, Lima JA, Heckbert SR, deFilippi CR, Post WS, Michos ED. Associations Between the Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: MESA. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013149. [PMID: 31838972 PMCID: PMC6951064 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background cGMP mediates numerous cardioprotective functions and is a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. Preclinical studies suggest that plasma cGMP is reflective of natriuretic peptide stimulation. Epidemiologic associations between cGMP and natriuretic peptide, as well as cardiovascular disease risk factors, are unknown. Methods and Results We measured plasma cGMP in 542 men and 496 women free of cardiovascular disease and heart failure in MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Cross‐sectional associations of N‐terminal pro‐B type natriuretic peptide, sex hormones, and cardiovascular disease/heart failure risk factors with log(cGMP) were analyzed using multivariable linear regression models. Mean (SD) cGMP was 4.7 (2.6) pmol/mL, with no difference between the sexes. After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, N‐terminal pro‐B type natriuretic peptide was significantly positively associated with cGMP (P<0.05). Higher blood pressure and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate were associated with higher cGMP (P<0.05). Triglyceride levels, total/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, presence of diabetes mellitus, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were inversely associated with cGMP (P<0.05). Among women, free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were inversely associated with cGMP, while sex hormone binding globulin was positively associated (P<0.05). Conclusions In a community‐cohort, plasma cGMP was associated with natriuretic peptide signaling. Higher blood pressure and greater renal dysfunction were positively associated with cGMP, while adverse metabolic risk factors were inversely associated. Increased androgenicity in postmenopausal women was inversely associated with cGMP. These novel associations further our understanding of the role of cGMP in a general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Ying
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Pamela Ouyang
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Vinita Subramanya
- Department of Epidemiology Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta GA
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD.,Division of General Internal Medicine Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD.,Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- Division of Atherosclerosis & Vascular Medicine Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Joao A Lima
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA
| | | | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD.,Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD.,Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
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7
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Critical Limb Ischaemia Exacerbates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in ApoE-/- Mice Compared with ApoE+/+ Mice, but N-acetyl Cysteine still Confers Protection. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2019; 58:576-582. [PMID: 31422047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study was performed in order to determine the influence of hypercholesterolaemia on critical limb ischaemia (CLI) and whether targeting oxidative stress by antioxidant therapies such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), considered to be a direct scavenger of reactive oxygen species, could confer muscle protection. METHODS Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-/- mice (n = 9, 29 weeks old) and their genetic controls ApoE+/+ mice (n = 9, 29 weeks old) were submitted to sequential right femoral and iliac ligations; the left limb served as control. ApoE+/+ mice were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 4) and Group 2 (n = 5); as well as ApoE-/- mice: Group 3 (n = 3), and Group 4 (n = 6). NAC treatment was administered to Groups 2 and 4 in drinking water. Mice were sacrificed on Day 40 and gastrocnemius muscles were harvested to study mitochondrial respiration by oxygraphy, calcium retention capacity by spectrofluorometry, and production of reactive oxygen species by electron paramagnetic resonance. RESULTS CLI associated with ApoE deficiency resulted in more severe mitochondrial dysfunction: maximum oxidative capacity and calcium retention capacity were decreased (-42.9% vs. -25.1%, p = .010; and -73.1% vs. -40.3%, p = .003 respectively) and production of reactive oxygen species was enhanced (+63.6% vs. +41.4%, p = .03) in ApoE-/- mice compared with ApoE+/+ mice respectively. Antioxidant treatment restored oxidative capacity, calcium retention capacity and decreased production of reactive oxygen species in both mice strands. CONCLUSIONS In this small murine study, hypercholesterolaemia exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction, as clinically expected; but antioxidant therapy appeared protective, which is counter to clinical experience. Further work is clearly needed.
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8
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Kristiansen SB, Pælestik KB, Johnsen J, Jespersen NR, Pryds K, Hjortbak MV, Jensen RV, Bøtker HE. Impact of hyperglycemia on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion susceptibility and ischemic preconditioning in hearts from rats with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:66. [PMID: 31151453 PMCID: PMC6543682 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms underlying increased mortality in patients with diabetes and admission hyperglycemia after an acute coronary syndrome may involve reduced capacity for cardioprotection. We investigated the impact of hyperglycemia on exogenously activated cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in hearts from rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that were endogenously cardioprotected by an inherent mechanism, and the involvement of myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) and myocardial O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Methods and results In isolated, perfused rat hearts subjected to ischemia–reperfusion, infarct size (IS) was overall larger during hyper- ([Glucose] = 22 mmol/L]) than normoglycemia ([Glucose] = 11 mmol/L]) (p < 0.001). IS was smaller in 12-week old Zucker diabetic fatty rats with recent onset T2DM (fa/fa) than in rats without T2DM (fa/+) (n = 8 in each group) both during hyperglycemia (p < 0.05) and normoglycemia (p < 0.05). IPC (2 × 5 min cycles) reduced IS during normo- (p < 0.01 for both groups) but not during hyperglycemia independently of the presence of T2DM. During hyperglycemia, an intensified IPC stimulus (4 × 5 min cycles) reduced IS only in hearts from animals with T2DM (p < 0.05). IPC increased MGU and O-GlcNAc levels during reperfusion in animals with and without T2DM at normoglycemia (MGU: p < 0.05, O-GlcNAc: p < 0.01 for both groups) but not during hyperglycemia. Intensified IPC at hyperglycemia increased MGU (p < 0.05) and O-GlcNAc levels (p < 0.05) only in hearts from animals with T2DM. Conclusion While the effect of IPC is reduced during hyperglycemia in rats without T2DM, endogenous cardioprotection in animals with T2DM is not influenced by hyperglycemia and the capacity for exogenous cardioprotection by IPC is preserved. MGU and O-GlcNAc levels are increased by exogenously induced cardioprotection by IPC but not by endogenous cardioprotection in animals with T2DM reflecting different underlying mechanisms by exogenous and endogenous cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Buus Kristiansen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Kim Bolther Pælestik
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jacob Johnsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nichlas Riise Jespersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kasper Pryds
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marie Vognstoft Hjortbak
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rebekka Vibjerg Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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9
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Naringenin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via cGMP-PKGI α Signaling and In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7670854. [PMID: 30728891 PMCID: PMC6341255 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7670854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress contribute greatly to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Naringenin, a flavonoid derived from the citrus genus, exerts cardioprotective effects. However, the effects of naringenin on ER stress as well as oxidative stress under MI/R condition and the detailed mechanisms remain poorly defined. This study investigated the protective effect of naringenin on MI/R-injured heart with a focus on cyclic guanosine monophosphate- (cGMP-) dependent protein kinase (PKG) signaling. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with naringenin (50 mg/kg/d) and subjected to MI/R surgery with or without KT5823 (2 mg/kg, a selective inhibitor of PKG) cotreatment. Cellular experiment was conducted on H9c2 cardiomyoblasts subjected to simulated ischemia-reperfusion treatment. Before the treatment, the cells were incubated with naringenin (80 μmol/L). PKGIα siRNA was employed to inhibit PKG signaling. Our in vivo and in vitro data showed that naringenin effectively improved heart function while it attenuated myocardial apoptosis and infarction. Furthermore, pretreatment with naringenin suppressed MI/R-induced oxidative stress as well as ER stress as evidenced by decreased superoxide generation, myocardial MDA level, gp91phox expression, and phosphorylation of PERK, IRE1α, and EIF2α as well as reduced ATF6 and CHOP. Importantly, naringenin significantly activated myocardial cGMP-PKGIα signaling while inhibition of PKG signaling with KT5823 (in vivo) or siRNA (in vitro) not only abolished these actions but also blunted naringenin's inhibitory effects against oxidative stress and ER stress. In summary, our study demonstrates that naringenin treatment protects against MI/R injury by reducing oxidative stress and ER stress via cGMP-PKGIα signaling. Its cardioprotective effect deserves further clinical study.
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10
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Hausenloy DJ, Garcia-Dorado D, Bøtker HE, Davidson SM, Downey J, Engel FB, Jennings R, Lecour S, Leor J, Madonna R, Ovize M, Perrino C, Prunier F, Schulz R, Sluijter JPG, Van Laake LW, Vinten-Johansen J, Yellon DM, Ytrehus K, Heusch G, Ferdinandy P. Novel targets and future strategies for acute cardioprotection: Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:564-585. [PMID: 28453734 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease and the heart failure that often results, remain the leading causes of death and disability in Europe and worldwide. As such, in order to prevent heart failure and improve clinical outcomes in patients presenting with an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, novel therapies are required to protect the heart against the detrimental effects of acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). During the last three decades, a wide variety of ischaemic conditioning strategies and pharmacological treatments have been tested in the clinic-however, their translation from experimental to clinical studies for improving patient outcomes has been both challenging and disappointing. Therefore, in this Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart, we critically analyse the current state of ischaemic conditioning in both the experimental and clinical settings, provide recommendations for improving its translation into the clinical setting, and highlight novel therapeutic targets and new treatment strategies for reducing acute myocardial IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK; The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, 149 Tottenham Court Road London, W1T 7DN, UK; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Dr, Singapore 169609, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute. Universitat Autònoma, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - James Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, 5851 USA Dr. N., MSB 3074, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nßrnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Jennings
- Department of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Chris Barnard Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell, and Tissue Engineering, Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Texas Heart Institute and University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Department of Internal Medicine, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Michel Ovize
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, 28 Avenue du Doyen Jean Lépine, 69500 Bron, France; UMR 1060 (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Federico II University Corso Umberto I, 40, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- Department of Cardiology, University of Angers, University Hospital of Angers, 4 Rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig, University of Giessen, Ludwigstraße 23, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Cardiology and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jakob Vinten-Johansen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK; The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, 149 Tottenham Court Road London, W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West-German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Graphisoft Park, 7 Záhony street, Budapest, H-1031, Hungary
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11
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Xie F, Rong B, Wang TC, Hao L, Lin MJ, Zhong JQ. Interaction between nitric oxide signaling and gap junctions during ischemic preconditioning: Importance of S-nitrosylation vs. protein kinase G activation. Nitric Oxide 2017; 65:37-42. [PMID: 28216239 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Much effort has been dedicated to exploring the mechanisms of IPC, and the GJ is one of the proposed targets of IPC. Several lines of evidence have indicated that NO affects GJ permeability regulation and expression of connexin isoforms. NO-induced stimulation of the sGC-cGMP pathway and the subsequent PKG activation could lead directly to connexin phosphorylation and GJ coupling modification. Additionally, because NO-induced cardioprotection against I/R injury beyond the cGMP/PKG-dependent pathway has been reported in isolated cardiomyocytes, it has been posited that NO-mediated GJ coupling might be independent from the activation of the NO-induced cGMP/PKG pathway during IPC. S-nitrosylation by NO exerts a major influence in IPC-induced cardioprotection. It has been suggested that NO-mediated cardioprotection during IPC was not dependent on sGC/cGMP/PKG but on SNO signaling. We need more researches to prove that which signaling pathway (S-nitrosylation or protein kinase G activation) is the major one modulating GJ coupling during IPC. The aim of review article is to discuss the possible signaling pathways of NO in regulating GJ during IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Rong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Cadre Health Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming-Jie Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Quan Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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12
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MacDougall DA, Pugh SD, Bassi HS, Lotteau S, Porter KE, Calaghan S. Simvastatin Promotes Cardiac Myocyte Relaxation in Association with Phosphorylation of Troponin I. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:203. [PMID: 28469574 PMCID: PMC5395572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people taking statins is set to increase across the globe due to recent changes in prescription guidelines. For example, half the US population over 40 is now eligible for these drugs, whether they have high serum cholesterol or not. With such development in policy comes a stronger need for understanding statins’ myriad of effects. Surprisingly little is known about possible direct actions of statins on cardiac myocytes, although claims of a direct myocardial toxicity have been made. Here, we determine the impact of simvastatin administration (40 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks in normocholesterolemic rats on cardiac myocyte contractile function and identify an underlying mechanism. Under basal conditions, statin treatment increased the time to half (t0.5) relaxation without any effect on the magnitude of shortening, or the magnitude/kinetics of the [Ca2+]i transient. Enhanced myocyte lusitropy could be explained by a corresponding increase in phosphorylation of troponin I (TnI) at Ser23,24. Statin treatment increased expression of eNOS and Ser1177 phosphorylated eNOS, decreased expression of the NOS-inhibitory proteins caveolins 1 and 3, and increased (P = 0.06) NO metabolites, consistent with enhanced NO production. It is well-established that NO stimulates protein kinase G, one of the effectors of TnI phosphorylation at Ser23,24. Trends for parallel changes in phospho-TnI, phospho-eNOS and caveolin 1 expression were seen in atrial muscle from patients taking statins. Our data are consistent with a mechanism whereby chronic statin treatment enhances TnI phosphorylation and myocyte lusitropy through increased NO bioavailability. We see no evidence of impaired function with statin treatment; the changes we document at the level of the cardiac myocyte should facilitate diastolic filling and cardiac performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara D Pugh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | | | - Sabine Lotteau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - Karen E Porter
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - Sarah Calaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
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13
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Andreadou I, Iliodromitis EK, Lazou A, Görbe A, Giricz Z, Schulz R, Ferdinandy P. Effect of hypercholesterolaemia on myocardial function, ischaemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1555-1569. [PMID: 28060997 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia is considered to be a principle risk factor for cardiovascular disease, having direct negative effects on the myocardium itself, in addition to the development of atherosclerosis. Since hypercholesterolaemia affects the global cardiac gene expression profile, among many other factors, it results in increased myocardial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation triggered apoptosis, all of which may account for myocardial dysfunction and increased susceptibility of the myocardium to infarction. In addition, numerous experimental and clinical studies have revealed that hyperlcholesterolaemia may interfere with the cardioprotective potential of conditioning mechanisms. Although not fully elucidated, the underlying mechanisms for the lost cardioprotection in hypercholesterolaemic animals have been reported to involve dysregulation of the endothelial NOS-cGMP, reperfusion injury salvage kinase, peroxynitrite-MMP2 signalling pathways, modulation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and apoptotic pathways. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on the effect of hypercholesterolaemia on the non-ischaemic and ischaemic heart as well as on the cardioprotection induced by drugs or ischaemic preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning. Future perspectives concerning the mechanisms and the design of preclinical and clinical trials are highlighted. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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14
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Nitric oxide treatments as adjuncts to reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review of experimental and clinical studies. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:23. [PMID: 26912064 PMCID: PMC4766230 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Unmodified reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with irreversible myocardial injury beyond that sustained during ischemia. Studies in experimental models of ischemia/reperfusion and in humans undergoing reperfusion therapy for AMI have examined potential beneficial effects of nitric oxide (NO) supplemented at the time of reperfusion. Using a rigorous systematic search approach, we have identified and critically evaluated all the relevant experimental and clinical literature to assess whether exogenous NO given at reperfusion can limit infarct size. An inclusive search strategy was undertaken to identify all in vivo experimental animal and clinical human studies published in the period 1990–2014 where NO gas, nitrite, nitrate or NO donors were given to ameliorate reperfusion injury. Articles were screened at title and subsequently at abstract level, followed by objective full text analysis using a critical appraisal tool. In twenty-one animal studies, all NO treatments except nitroglycerin afforded protection against measures of reperfusion injury, including infarct size, creatinine kinase release, neutrophil accumulation and cardiac dysfunction. In three human AMI RCT’s, there was no consistent evidence of infarct limitation associated with NO treatment as an adjunct to reperfusion. Despite experimental evidence that most NO treatments can reduce infarct size when given as adjuncts to reperfusion, the value of these interventions in clinical AMI is unproven. Our study raises issues for the design of further clinical studies and emphasises the need for improved design of animal studies to reflect more accurately the comorbidities and other confounding factors seen in clinical AMI.
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15
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Baranyai T, Nagy CT, Koncsos G, Onódi Z, Károlyi-Szabó M, Makkos A, Varga ZV, Ferdinandy P, Giricz Z. Acute hyperglycemia abolishes cardioprotection by remote ischemic perconditioning. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:151. [PMID: 26581389 PMCID: PMC4652385 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) has a promising therapeutic insight to improve the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. Chronic comorbidities such as diabetes are known to interfere with conditioning interventions by modulating cardioprotective signaling pathways, such as e.g., mTOR pathway and autophagy. However, the effect of acute hyperglycemia on RIPerC has not been studied so far. Therefore, here we investigated the effect of acute hyperglycemia on cardioprotection by RIPerC. Methods Wistar rats were divided into normoglycemic (NG) and acute hyperglycemic (AHG) groups. Acute hyperglycemia was induced by glucose infusion to maintain a serum glucose concentration of 15–20 mM throughout the experimental protocol. NG rats received mannitol infusion of an equal osmolarity. Both groups were subdivided into an ischemic (Isch) and a RIPerC group. Each group underwent reversible occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 40 min in the presence or absence of acute hyperglycemia. After the 10-min LAD occlusion, RIPerC was induced by 3 cycles of 5-min unilateral femoral artery and vein occlusion and 5-min reperfusion. After 120 min of reperfusion, infarct size was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. To study underlying signaling mechanisms, hearts were harvested for immunoblotting after 35 min in both the NG and AHG groups. Results Infarct size was significantly reduced by RIPerC in NG, but not in the AHG group (NG + Isch: 46.27 ± 5.31 % vs. NG + RIPerC: 24.65 ± 7.45 %, p < 0.05; AHG + Isch: 54.19 ± 4.07 % vs. 52.76 ± 3.80 %). Acute hyperglycemia per se did not influence infarct size, but significantly increased the incidence and duration of arrhythmias. Acute hyperglycemia activated mechanistic target of rapamycine (mTOR) pathway, as it significantly increased the phosphorylation of mTOR and S6 proteins and the phosphorylation of AKT. In spite of a decreased LC3II/LC3I ratio, other markers of autophagy, such as ATG7, ULK1 phopsphorylation, Beclin 1 and SQSTM1/p62, were not modulated by acute hyperglycemia. Furthermore, acute hyperglycemia significantly elevated nitrative stress in the heart (0.87 ± 0.01 vs. 0.50 ± 0.04 µg 3-nitrotyrosine/mg protein, p < 0.05). Conclusions This is the first demonstration that acute hypreglycemia deteriorates cardioprotection by RIPerC. The mechanism of this phenomenon may involve an acute hyperglycemia-induced increase in nitrative stress and activation of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Baranyai
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Terézia Nagy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Koncsos
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Melinda Károlyi-Szabó
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - András Makkos
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary. .,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary. .,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.
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16
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Ferdinandy P, Hausenloy DJ, Heusch G, Baxter GF, Schulz R. Interaction of risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications with ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote conditioning. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:1142-74. [PMID: 25261534 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-, post-, and remote conditioning of the myocardium are well described adaptive responses that markedly enhance the ability of the heart to withstand a prolonged ischemia/reperfusion insult and provide therapeutic paradigms for cardioprotection. Nevertheless, more than 25 years after the discovery of ischemic preconditioning, we still do not have established cardioprotective drugs on the market. Most experimental studies on cardioprotection are still undertaken in animal models, in which ischemia/reperfusion is imposed in the absence of cardiovascular risk factors. However, ischemic heart disease in humans is a complex disorder caused by, or associated with, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance, heart failure, altered coronary circulation, and aging. These risk factors induce fundamental alterations in cellular signaling cascades that affect the development of ischemia/reperfusion injury per se and responses to cardioprotective interventions. Moreover, some of the medications used to treat these risk factors, including statins, nitrates, and antidiabetic drugs, may impact cardioprotection by modifying cellular signaling. The aim of this article is to review the recent evidence that cardiovascular risk factors and their medication may modify the response to cardioprotective interventions. We emphasize the critical need to take into account the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and concomitant medications when designing preclinical studies for the identification and validation of cardioprotective drug targets and clinical studies. This will hopefully maximize the success rate of developing rational approaches to effective cardioprotective therapies for the majority of patients with multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gary F Baxter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
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17
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Li W, Wu N, Shu W, Jia D, Jia P. Pharmacological preconditioning and postconditioning with nicorandil attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial necrosis and apoptosis in hypercholesterolemic rats. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:2197-2205. [PMID: 26668616 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological preconditioning and postconditioning may reduce myocardial necrosis and apoptosis during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), however, hypercholesterolemia interferes with the associated cardioprotective mechanisms. The present study investigated whether pharmacological preconditioning and postconditioning with nicorandil could attenuate myocardial necrosis and apoptosis induced by I/R in hypercholesterolemic rats, and explored the possible mechanisms involved. Male Wistar rats (n=160) were fed normal (normocholesterolemic group, n=10) or high-cholesterol (hypercholesterolemic group, n=150) diets for 8 weeks. Hearts harvested from the normal and hypercholesterolemic rats were subsequently placed on modified Langendorff perfusion apparatus and 30-min global ischemia was performed, followed by 120-min reperfusion. Nicorandil (1, 3, 10, 30, 100 µmol/l), and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoic acid sodium salt (5-HD) (100 µmol/l) or soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) blocker 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) (10 µmol/l) were perfused for 10 min, prior to ischemia or at the onset of reperfusion. The myocardial infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining. In order to investigate the potential mechanisms, the expression levels of caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were measured using western blot analysis. The present study demonstrated that, in hypercholesterolemic rats, pharmacological preconditioning and postconditioning with nicorandil decreased I/R-induced myocardial necrosis and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The optimal preconditioning and postconditioning concentration of nicorandil determined to have anti-infarct and anti-apoptosis effects was 30 µmol/l, which significantly (P<0.05) reduced the infarct size to 14.88±3.25% and 15.96±3.29%, and attenuated the percentage of cardiomyocyte apoptosis to 25.20±3.93% and 26.18±4.82%, respectively, compared with the I/R group. However, the cardioprotective effects of nicorandil were partially suppressed by cotreatment with 5-HD or ODQ. Western blot analysis demonstrated that pharmacological preconditioning and postconditioning with nicorandil significantly downregulated caspase-3 and Bax expression, and upregulated Bcl-2 expression compared with the I/R group (P<0.05). The results of the present study suggest that pharmacological preconditioning and postconditioning with nicorandil may protect hypercholesterolemic hearts against I/R-induced necrosis and apoptosis; and the cardioprotective effects of nicorandil may be due to the dual pharmacological mechanisms of opening the mitoKATP channels and a nitric oxide/sGC-dependent mechanism, and regulation of the expression of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Shu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dalin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Pengyu Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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18
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Penna C, Angotti C, Pagliaro P. Protein S-nitrosylation in preconditioning and postconditioning. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 239:647-62. [PMID: 24668550 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214522935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. This disease has a complex pathophysiology that includes multiple mechanisms. Among these is the oxidative/nitrosative stress. Paradoxically, oxidative/nitrosative signaling plays a major role in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this context, the gas transmitter nitric oxide may act through several mechanisms, such as guanylyl cyclase activation and via S-nitrosylation of proteins. The latter is a covalent modification of a protein cysteine thiol by a nitric oxide-group that generates an S-nitrosothiol. Here, we report data showing that nitric oxide and S-nitrosylation of proteins play a pivotal role not only in preconditioning but also in postconditioning cardioprotection.
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19
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Pechánová O, Varga ZV, Cebová M, Giricz Z, Pacher P, Ferdinandy P. Cardiac NO signalling in the metabolic syndrome. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1415-33. [PMID: 25297560 PMCID: PMC4369254 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that metabolic syndrome (i.e. a group of risk factors, such as abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides and low cholesterol level in high-density lipoprotein), which raises the risk for heart disease and diabetes, is associated with increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation. ROS/RNS can modulate cardiac NO signalling and trigger various adaptive changes in NOS and antioxidant enzyme expressions/activities. While initially these changes may represent protective mechanisms in metabolic syndrome, later with more prolonged oxidative, nitrosative and nitrative stress, these are often exhausted, eventually favouring myocardial RNS generation and decreased NO bioavailability. The increased oxidative and nitrative stress also impairs the NO-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) signalling pathway, limiting the ability of NO to exert its fundamental signalling roles in the heart. Enhanced ROS/RNS generation in the presence of risk factors also facilitates activation of redox-dependent transcriptional factors such as NF-κB, promoting myocardial expression of various pro-inflammatory mediators, and eventually the development of cardiac dysfunction and remodelling. While the dysregulation of NO signalling may interfere with the therapeutic efficacy of conventional drugs used in the management of metabolic syndrome, the modulation of NO signalling may also be responsible for the therapeutic benefits of already proven or recently developed treatment approaches, such as ACE inhibitors, certain β-blockers, and sGC activators. Better understanding of the above-mentioned pathological processes may ultimately lead to more successful therapeutic approaches to overcome metabolic syndrome and its pathological consequences in cardiac NO signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pechánová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology and Centre of Excellence for Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava, Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius UniversityBratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Z V Varga
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - M Cebová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology and Centre of Excellence for Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Z Giricz
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - P Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAABethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary GroupSzeged, Hungary
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Pagliaro P, Penna C. Redox signalling and cardioprotection: translatability and mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1974-95. [PMID: 25303224 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD) remain significant worldwide. The treatment for acute myocardial infarction has improved over the past decades, including early reperfusion of culprit coronary arteries. Although it is mandatory to reperfuse the ischaemic territory as soon as possible, paradoxically this leads to additional myocardial injury, namely ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, in which redox stress plays a pivotal role and for which no effective therapy is currently available. In this review, we report evidence that the redox environment plays a pivotal role not only in I/R injury but also in cardioprotection. In fact, cardioprotective strategies, such as pre- and post-conditioning, result in a robust reduction in infarct size in animals and the role of redox signalling is of paramount importance in these conditioning strategies. Nitrosative signalling and cysteine redox modifications, such as S-nitrosation/S-nitrosylation, are also emerging as very important mechanisms in conditioning cardioprotection. The reasons for the switch from protective oxidative/nitrosative signalling to deleterious oxidative/nitrosative/nitrative stress are not fully understood. The complex regulation of this switch is, at least in part, responsible for the diminished or lack of cardioprotection induced by conditioning protocols observed in ageing animals and with co-morbidities as well as in humans. Therefore, it is important to understand at a mechanistic level the reasons for these differences before proposing a safe and useful transition of ischaemic or pharmacological conditioning. Indeed, more mechanistic novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the heart from I/R injury and to improve clinical outcomes in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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Rassaf T, Ferdinandy P, Schulz R. Nitrite in organ protection. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1-11. [PMID: 23826831 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway has emerged to therapeutical importance. Modulation of endogenous nitrate and nitrite levels with the subsequent S-nitros(yl)ation of the downstream signalling cascade open the way for novel cytoprotective strategies. In the following, we summarize the actual literature and give a short overview on the potential of nitrite in organ protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Bice JS, Burley DS, Baxter GF. Novel approaches and opportunities for cardioprotective signaling through 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate manipulation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 19:269-82. [PMID: 24572031 DOI: 10.1177/1074248413518971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Limiting the injurious effects of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion is a desirable therapeutic target, which has been investigated extensively over the last three decades. Here we provide an up to date review of the literature documenting the experimental and clinical research demonstrating the effects of manipulating cGMP for the therapeutic targeting of the injurious effects of ischemic heart disease. Augmentation of the cyclic nucleotide cGMP plays a crucial role in many cardioprotective signaling pathways. There is an extensive body of literature which supports pharmacological targeting of cGMP or upstream activators in models of ischemia-reperfusion to limit injury. NO donors have long been utilised to manipulate cGMP, and more recently non-NO synthase derived NOx species have been investigated, resulting in their evaluation in clinical trials for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Encouraging results demonstrate that natriuretic peptides are worthy candidates in manipulating cGMP and its downstream effectors to afford cytoprotection. Synthetic ligands have been designed which co-activate natriuretic peptide receptors to improve targeting this pathway. Advances have been made in targeting the soluble guanylyl cyclase which catalyzes the production of cGMP independently of the endogenous ligand NO using NO-independent stimulators and activators of sGC. These novel compounds show promise as a new class of drugs that target this signaling cascade specifically under pathological conditions when endogenous NO production may be compromised. Regulating the degradation of cGMP via phosphodiesterase inhibition also shows therapeutic potential. It is clear that production and regulation of cGMP is complex, indeed its spatial production and cellular distribution are only just emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Bice
- 1School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Csonka C, Kupai K, Bencsik P, Görbe A, Pálóczi J, Zvara A, Puskás LG, Csont T, Ferdinandy P. Cholesterol-enriched diet inhibits cardioprotection by ATP-sensitive K+ channel activators cromakalim and diazoxide. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H405-13. [PMID: 24285110 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00257.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously shown that hyperlipidemia interferes with cardioprotective mechanisms. Here, we investigated the interaction of hyperlipidemia with cardioprotection induced by pharmacological activators of ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channels. Hearts isolated from rats fed a 2% cholesterol-enriched diet or normal diet for 8 wk were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion in the presence or absence of KATP modulators. In normal diet-fed rats, either the nonselective KATP activator cromakalim at 10(-5) M or the selective mitochondrial (mito)KATP opener diazoxide at 3 × 10(-5) M significantly decreased infarct size compared with vehicle-treated control rats. Their cardioprotective effect was abolished by coadministration of the nonselective KATP blocker glibenclamide or the selective mitoKATP blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate, respectively. However, in cholesterol-fed rats, the cardioprotective effect of cromakalim or diazoxide was not observed. Therefore, we further investigated how cholesterol-enriched diet influences cardiac KATP channels. Cardiac expression of a KATP subunit gene (Kir6.1) was significantly downregulated in cholesterol-fed rats; however, protein levels of Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 were not changed. The cholesterol diet significantly decreased cardiac ATP, increased lactate content, and enhanced myocardial oxidative stress, as shown by increased cardiac superoxide and dityrosine formation. This is the first demonstration that cardioprotection by KATP channel activators is impaired in cholesterol-enriched diet-induced hyperlipidemia. The background mechanism may include hyperlipidemia-induced attenuation of mitoKATP function by altered energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Csonka
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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25
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Redox balance and cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:392. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schulz R, Ferdinandy P. Does nitric oxide signaling differ in pre- and post-conditioning? Importance of S-nitrosylation vs. protein kinase G activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 54:113-5. [PMID: 23089225 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Autophagy is a housekeeping process that helps to maintain cellular energy homeostasis and remove damaged organelles. In the heart, autophagy is an adaptive process that is activated in response to stress including acute and chronic ischemia. Given the evidence that autophagy is suppressed in energy-rich conditions, the objective of this review is to examine autophagy and cardioprotection in the setting of the metabolic syndrome. Clinical approaches that involve the induction of cardiac autophagy pharmacologically to enhance the heart's tolerance to ischemia are also discussed.
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Görbe A, Varga ZV, Kupai K, Bencsik P, Kocsis GF, Csont T, Boengler K, Schulz R, Ferdinandy P. Cholesterol diet leads to attenuation of ischemic preconditioning-induced cardiac protection: the role of connexin 43. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H1907-13. [PMID: 21398600 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01242.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning (IP) was abolished in connexin 43 (Cx43)-deficient mice due to loss of Cx43 located in mitochondria rather than at the sarcolemma. IP is lost in hyperlipidemic rat hearts as well. Since changes in mitochondrial Cx43 in hyperlipidemia have not yet been analyzed, we determined total and mitochondrial Cx43 levels in male Wistar rats fed a laboratory chow enriched with 2% cholesterol or normal chow for 12 wk. Hearts were isolated and perfused according to Langendorff. After a 10-min perfusion, myocardial tissue cholesterol, superoxide, and nitrotyrosine contents were measured and Cx43 content in whole heart homogenate and a mitochondrial fraction determined. In the cholesterol-fed group, tissue cholesterol and superoxide formation was increased (P < 0.05), while total Cx43 content remained unchanged. Mitochondrial total and dephosphorylated Cx43 content decreased. Hearts were subjected to an IP protocol (3 × 5 min ischemia-reperfusion) or time-matched aerobic perfusion followed by 30-min global ischemia and 5-min reperfusion. IP reduced infarct size in normal but not in cholesterol-fed rats. At 5-min reperfusion following 30-min global ischemia, the total and dephosphorylated mitochondrial Cx43 content was increased, which was abolished by IP in both normal and high-cholesterol diet. In conclusion, loss of cardioprotection by IP in hyperlipidemia is associated with a redistribution of both sarcolemmal and mitochondrial Cx43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Görbe
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
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29
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Nagasaka Y, Buys ES, Spagnolli E, Steinbicker AU, Hayton SR, Rauwerdink KM, Brouckaert P, Zapol WM, Bloch KD. Soluble guanylate cyclase-α1 is required for the cardioprotective effects of inhaled nitric oxide. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H1477-83. [PMID: 21257915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00948.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion injury limits the benefits of revascularization in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Breathing nitric oxide (NO) reduces cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal models; however, the signaling pathways by which inhaled NO confers cardioprotection remain uncertain. The objective of this study was to learn whether inhaled NO reduces cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating the cGMP-generating enzyme, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and to investigate whether bone marrow (BM)-derived cells participate in the sGC-mediated cardioprotective effects of inhaled NO. Wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in the sGC α(1)-subunit (sGCα(1)(-/-) mice) were subjected to cardiac ischemia for 1 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. During ischemia and for the first 10 min of reperfusion, mice were ventilated with oxygen or with oxygen supplemented with NO (80 parts per million). The ratio of MI size to area at risk (MI/AAR) did not differ in WT and sGCα(1)(-/-) mice that did not breathe NO. Breathing NO decreased MI/AAR in WT mice (41%, P = 0.002) but not in sGCα(1)(-/-) mice (7%, P = not significant). BM transplantation was performed to restore WT BM-derived cells to sGCα(1)(-/-) mice. Breathing NO decreased MI/AAR in sGCα(1)(-/-) mice carrying WT BM (39%, P = 0.031). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that a global deficiency of sGCα(1) does not alter the degree of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. The cardioprotective effects of inhaled NO require the presence of sGCα(1). Moreover, our studies suggest that BM-derived cells are key mediators of the ability of NO to reduce cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Nagasaka
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, USA.
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30
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Cohen MV, Yang XM, Liu Y, Solenkova NV, Downey JM. Cardioprotective PKG-independent NO signaling at reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H2028-36. [PMID: 20852051 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00527.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell models of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) indicate nitric oxide (NO) is involved in protection accruing during reoxygenation but disagree whether it acts through PKG. Using a more relevant intact heart model, we studied isolated rabbit hearts subjected to 30-min coronary artery occlusion/120-min reperfusion. We previously found protection from PKG activator 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (CPT-cGMP) at reperfusion was blocked by A(2b) adenosine receptor (A(2b)AR), ERK, or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) blockers. In this investigation A(2b)AR agonist BAY 60-6583 or CPT-cGMP at reperfusion reduced infarction comparably to IPC. Their protection was abrogated by N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), suggesting a PKG-independent NO synthase in IPC's mediator pathway downstream of PKG and A(2b)AR. NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine (SNAP) at reperfusion also protected. This protection was not blocked by PI3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin or ERK antagonist PD-98059, suggesting NO acted downstream of these kinases. Protection from SNAP was not affected by mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channel closer 5-hydroxydecanoate, PKC antagonist chelerythrine, reactive oxygen species scavenger N-2-mercaptopropionylglycine, or soluble guanylyl cyclase antagonist 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). Absence of ODQ effect indicated NO was acting independently of PKG. BAY 58-2667, a soluble guanylyl cyclase activator, was protective, and l-NAME blocked its infarct-sparing effect, indicating a second signaling event dependent on NO generation but independent of PKG. SB216763, a blocker of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), decreased infarct size, and its infarct-sparing effect was not affected by l-NAME, suggesting GSK-3β acted downstream or independently of NO. Hence, NO signaling occurs in IPC's mediator pathway downstream of Akt and ERK, and its protection is independent of PKG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Cohen
- Department of Physiology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA.
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Ovize M, Baxter GF, Di Lisa F, Ferdinandy P, Garcia-Dorado D, Hausenloy DJ, Heusch G, Vinten-Johansen J, Yellon DM, Schulz R. Postconditioning and protection from reperfusion injury: where do we stand? Position paper from the Working Group of Cellular Biology of the Heart of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 87:406-23. [PMID: 20448097 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic postconditioning (brief periods of ischaemia alternating with brief periods of reflow applied at the onset of reperfusion following sustained ischaemia) effectively reduces myocardial infarct size in all species tested so far, including humans. Ischaemic postconditioning is a simple and safe manoeuvre, but because reperfusion injury is initiated within minutes of reflow, postconditioning must be applied at the onset of reperfusion. The mechanisms of protection by postconditioning include: formation and release of several autacoids and cytokines; maintained acidosis during early reperfusion; activation of protein kinases; preservation of mitochondrial function, most strikingly the attenuation of opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Exogenous recruitment of some of the identified signalling steps can induce cardioprotection when applied at the time of reperfusion in animal experiments, but more recently cardioprotection was also observed in a proof-of-concept clinical trial. Indeed, studies in patients with an acute myocardial infarction showed a reduction of infarct size and improved left ventricular function when they underwent ischaemic postconditioning or pharmacological inhibition of MPTP opening during interventional reperfusion. Further animal studies and large-scale human studies are needed to determine whether patients with different co-morbidities and co-medications respond equally to protection by postconditioning. Also, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms must be improved to develop new therapeutic strategies to be applied at reperfusion with the ultimate aim of limiting the burden of ischaemic heart disease and potentially providing protection for other organs at risk of reperfusion injury, such as brain and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Ovize
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires and Inserm U886, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, France
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Csonka C, Kupai K, Kocsis GF, Novák G, Fekete V, Bencsik P, Csont T, Ferdinandy P. Measurement of myocardial infarct size in preclinical studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2010; 61:163-70. [PMID: 20188845 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion results in tissue injury termed ischemia/reperfusion injury which is characterized by decreased myocardial contractile function, occurrence of arrhythmias, and development of tissue necrosis (infarction). These pathologies are all relevant as clinical consequences of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and they are also important as experimental correlates and endpoints. The most critical determinant of acute and long-term mortality after myocardial infarction is the volume of the infarcted tissue. Therefore, development of cardioprotective therapies aims at reducing the size of the infarct developing due to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Different techniques are available to measure myocardial infarct size in humans and in experimental settings, however, accurate determination of the extent of infarction is necessary to evaluate interventions that may delay the onset of necrosis and/or limit the total extent of infarct size during ischemia/reperfusion. This paper highlights recent advances of the different techniques to measure infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Csonka
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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