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Chen WC, Liang XY, Xie LY, Wu MA, Shen Q, Yao LM, Zhao W, Zhang SJ, Wang Q, Liang Y, Li WR. Comparative Study on the Pharmacokinetics of Paeoniflorin, White Peony Root Water Extract, and Taohong Siwu Decoction After Oral Administration in Rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:301-310. [PMID: 37079249 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound with pharmacological effects such as vasodilation and hypolipidemia. Paeoniflorin (PF) is one of the active ingredients of TSD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of PF in herbal extracts and their purified forms in rats. METHOD A sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) method for the determination of PF in rat plasma was developed. Rats were divided into three groups, and given PF solution, water extract of white peony root (WPR), or TSD by gavage. At different predetermined timepoints after gavage, blood was collected from the orbital vein. The pharmacokinetic parameters of PF in the plasma of rats in the three groups was determined. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic studies showed that the time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) of PF in the purified forms group was relatively high, while the half-lives (T½) of PF in the TSD and WPR groups were longer. Among the three groups, PF in the purified forms group had the maximum area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-t = 732.997 µg/L·h) and the largest maximum concentration (Cmax = 313.460 µg/L), which showed a significant difference compared with the TSD group (P < 0.05). Compared with the purified group, the clearance (CLz/F = 86.004 L/h/kg) and the apparent volume of distribution (Vz/F = 254.787 L/kg) of PF in the TSD group increased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A highly specific, sensitive, and rapid HPLC-MS-MS method was developed and applied for the determination of PF in rat plasma. It was found that TSD and WPR can prolong the action time of paeoniflorin in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Yuan Xie
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ming-An Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Mei Yao
- School of TCM Healthcare, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wei-Rong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China.
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Jing J, Zhu C, Gong R, Qi X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Research progress on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in the intervention of atherosclerosis: A promising natural immunotherapeutic adjuvant. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114201. [PMID: 36610225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by disorders of lipid metabolism. Abnormal deposition of low-density lipoproteins in the arterial wall stimulates the activation of immune cells, including the adhesion and infiltration of monocytes, the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages and lymphocytes, and the activation of their functions. The complex interplay between immune cells coordinates the balance between pro- and anti-inflammation and plays a key role in the progression of AS. Therefore, targeting immune cell activity may lead to the development of more selective drugs with fewer side effects to treat AS without compromising host defense mechanisms. At present, an increasing number of studies have found that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can regulate the function of immune cells in multiple ways to against AS, showing great potential for the treatment of AS and promising clinical applications. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of immune cell action in AS lesions and the potential targets and/or pathways for immune cell regulation by the active ingredients of TCM to promote the understanding of the immune system interactions of AS and provide a relevant basis for the use of active ingredients of TCM as natural adjuvants for AS immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Rui Gong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xue Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Peripheral Vascular Disease Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Yu W, Ilyas I, Hu X, Xu S, Yu H. Therapeutic potential of paeoniflorin in atherosclerosis: A cellular action and mechanism-based perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1072007. [PMID: 36618414 PMCID: PMC9811007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence, prevalence and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are increasing globally. Atherosclerosis is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease which involves inflammation and immune dysfunction. P. lactiflora Pall. is a plant origin traditional medicine that has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases for more than a millennium in China, Japan and Korean. Paeoniflorin is a bioactive monomer extracted from P. lactiflora Pall. with anti-atherosclerosis effects. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed the potential therapeutic effects and molecular mechanism whereby paeoniflorin protects against atherosclerosis from the unique angle of inflammation and immune-related pathway dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes, macrophages, platelets and mast cells. Paeoniflorin, with multiple protective effects in atherosclerosis, has the potential to be used as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis and its complications. We conclude with a detailed discussion of the challenges and future perspective of paeoniflorin in translational cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China,Center for Drug Research and Development, Anhui Renovo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Center for Drug Research and Development, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuerui Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interfacial Controlling Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Hui Yu,
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Phytochemicals targeting Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) in inflammatory bowel disease. Chin Med 2022; 17:53. [PMID: 35484567 PMCID: PMC9047385 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for inflammatory diseases including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Inhibition of TLR4 has been recognized as an effective target for the treatment of IBD. Many phytochemicals have been shown to have potential as new drugs for the treatment of IBD. This review surveyed the available literature and reports which focused on the in vivo effects of phytochemicals targeting TLR4 in different models of IBD, and clarified the significance of TLR4 as a current therapeutic target for IBD. Based on our review, we have concluded that phytochemicals targeting TLR4 are potentially effective candidates for developing new therapeutic drugs against IBD.
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Paeoniflorin ameliorates ischemic injury in rat brain via inhibiting cytochrome c/caspase3/HDAC4 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:273-284. [PMID: 33976387 PMCID: PMC8791966 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), a bioactive monoterpene glucoside, has shown a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation and autophagy modulation etc. In this study, we investigated whether and how PF exerted a protective effect against ischemic brain injury in vivo and in vitro. Primary rat cortical neurons underwent oxygen/glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) for 90 min. We showed that after OGD/R, a short fragment of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) produced by caspase3-mediated degradation was markedly accumulated in the nucleus and the activity of caspase3 was increased. Treatment with PF (100 nM, 1 μM) significantly improved the viability of cortical neurons after OGD/R. Furthermore, PF treatment could maintain HDAC4 intrinsic subcellular localization and reduce the caspase3 activity without changing the HDAC4 at the transcriptional level. PF treatment significantly reduced OGD/R-caused inhibition of transcriptional factor MEF2 expression and increased the expression of downstream proteins such as GDNF, BDNF, and Bcl-xl, thus exerting a great anti-apoptosis effect as revealed by TUNEL staining. The beneficial effects of PF were almost canceled in HDAC4 (D289E)-transfected PC12 cells after OGD/R. In addition, PF treatment reduced the caspase9 activity, rescued the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and maintained the integrity of mitochondria membrane. We conducted in vivo experiments in 90-min-middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. The rats were administered PF (20, 40 mg/kg, ip, 3 times at the reperfusion, 24 h and 48 h after the surgery). We showed that PF administration dose-dependently reduced infarction area, improved neurological symptoms, and maintained HDAC4 localization in rats after MCAO. These results demonstrate that PF is effective in protecting against ischemic brain injury and inhibit apoptosis through inhibiting the cytochrome c/caspase3/HDAC4 pathway.
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Yu W, Zeng M, Xu P, Liu J, Wang H. Effect of paeoniflorin on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus in mice. Evidences of its mechanism of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153724. [PMID: 34509953 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza often leads to acute lung injury (ALI). Few therapeutics options such as vaccines and other antiviral drugs are available. Paeoniflorin is a monoterpene glucoside isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. that has showed good anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. However, it is not known whether paeoniflorin has an effect on influenza virus-induced ALI. PURPOSE To investigative the protective effect and potential mechanism of paeoniflorin on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The anti-influenza activity of paeoniflorin in vitro was investigated. Influenza virus A/FM/1/47 was intranasally infected in mice to induce ALI, and paeoniflorin (50 and 100 mg/kg) was given orally to mice during 5 days, beginning 2 h after infection. On day 6 post-infection, body and lung weights, histology and survival were observed, and the lungs were examined for viral load, cytokine and cellular pathway protein expression. RESULTS Results showed that paeoniflorin (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced IAV-induced ALI. It reduces pulmonary oedema and improves histopathological changes in the lung, and also diminishes the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lung. It was shown that paeoniflorin (50 and 100 mg/kg) alleviated IAV-induced ALI, as evidenced by improved survival in infected mice (40% and 50%, respectively), reduced viral titer in lung tissue, improved histological changes, and reduced lung inflammation. Paeoniflorin also improves pulmonary fibrosis by reducing the levels of pulmonary fibrotic markers (collagen type IV, alpha-smooth muscle actin, hyaluronic acid, laminin, and procollagen type III) and downregulating the expression levels of type I collagen (Col I) and type III collagen (Col III) in the lung tissues. Additionally, paeoniflorin inhibits the expression of αvβ3, TGF-β1, Smad2, NF-κB, and p38MAPK in the lung tissues. CONCLUSION The results showed that paeoniflorin (50 and 100 mg/kg) protected against IAV-induced ALI, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and lung collagen deposition through down-regulation of activation of αvβ3/TGF-β1 pathway in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Yu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China
| | - Maosen Zeng
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China
| | - Peiping Xu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China.
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Huixian Wang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China
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Paeonia lactiflora Root Extract and Its Components Reduce Biomarkers of Early Atherosclerosis via Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects In Vitro and In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101507. [PMID: 34679642 PMCID: PMC8532938 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various physiological activities of compounds obtained from Paeonia lactiflora have been reported, the effects of P. lactiflora extract (PLE) on early atherosclerosis remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo antiatherosclerosis and in vitro antioxidant effects of PLE and its compounds. PLE suppresses the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced capacity of THP-1 cells to adhere to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling in HUVECs. PLE also suppresses TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytosol as well as the enhanced TNFA and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA expression in HUVECs. We identified and quantified the following PLE compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection: methyl gallate, oxypaeoniflorin, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin, and paeonol. Among these, methyl gallate had the strongest inhibitory effect on monocyte adherence to TNF-α-induced HUVECs and the VCAM-1 expression. Reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that PLE compounds had a dissimilar inhibition effect on TNF-α-induced mRNA expression levels of CCL2, TNFA, and IL6 in HUVECs. Except for paeonol, the compounds inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species production in RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, oral administration of PLE improved TNF-α-induced macrophage infiltration to the vascular endothelium and expression of VCAM-1, as well as IL6 and TNFA gene expression in the main artery of mice. PLE could be useful as a nutraceutical material against early atherosclerosis via the combined effects of its components.
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Tang H, Wu L, Chen X, Li H, Huang B, Huang Z, Zheng Y, Zhu L, Geng W. Paeoniflorin improves functional recovery through repressing neuroinflammation and facilitating neurogenesis in rat stroke model. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10921. [PMID: 34123580 PMCID: PMC8166241 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia, neuron, and vascular cells constitute a dynamic functional neurovascular unit, which exerts the crucial role in functional recovery after ischemic stroke. Paeoniflorin, the principal active component of Paeoniae Radix, has been verified to exhibit neuroprotective roles in cerebralischemic injury. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulatory function of Paeoniflorin on neurovascular unit after cerebral ischemia are still unclear. Methods In this study, adult male rats were treated with Paeoniflorin following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), and then the functional behavioral tests (Foot-fault test and modified improved neurological function score, mNSS), microglial activation, neurogenesis and vasculogenesis were assessed. Results The current study showed that Paeoniflorin treatment exhibited a sensorimotor functional recovery as suggested via the Foot-fault test and the enhancement of spatial learning as suggested by the mNSS in rat stroke model. Paeoniflorin treatment repressed microglial cell proliferation and thus resulted in a significant decrease in proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Compared with control, Paeoniflorin administration facilitated von Willebrand factor (an endothelia cell marker) and doublecortin (a neuroblasts marker) expression, indicating that Paeoniflorin contributed to neurogenesis and vasculogenesis in rat stroke model. Mechanistically, we verified that Paeoniflorin repressed JNK and NF-κB signaling activation. Conclusions These results demonstrate that Paeoniflorin represses neuroinflammation and facilitates neurogenesis in rat stroke model and might be a potential drug for the therapy of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Tang
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiruo Wu
- Endoscopy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiting Li
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Huang
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Huang
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Zheng
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wujun Geng
- Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Z, Yang W. Paeoniflorin protects PC12 cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury via activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:572. [PMID: 33850544 PMCID: PMC8027733 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, and it has become a major health issue as it is characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates. Paeoniflorin (PF) is a natural compound and the main active ingredient of Radix Paeoniae. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of PF in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury of PC12 cells and its association with the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. An in vitro model of OGD/R injury was established in PC12 cells. Subsequently, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and ELISA were used to evaluate cell viability and the secretion of inflammatory factors, respectively, in PC12 cells subjected to OGD/R and treated with PF. The levels of oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factors were measured using corresponding commercial kits. In addition, the apoptosis rate of PC12 cells subjected to OGD/R and treated with PF was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was analyzed by western blotting. Additionally, the expression levels of JAK2/STAT3 pathway-related proteins were also evaluated. The cell viability, levels of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were also measured in OGD/R-induced PC12 cell injury models following co-treatment of cells with PF and FLLL32, a specific inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Cell viability was reduced, while oxidative stress and inflammation were increased after OGD/R-induced injury. However, the treatment of cells with PF significantly enhanced cell viability, and alleviated oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of OGD/R-treated PC12 cells. Furthermore, PF activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Following FLLL32 intervention, the effects of PF on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of OGD/R-treated PC12 cells were reversed. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that PF may protect PC12 cells from OGD/R-induced injury via activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thus providing novel insight into the mechanism through which PF may alleviate ischemic stroke and indicating a potential strategy for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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Ha E, Kim M, Chun J, Seo CS, Ahn Y, Jung J. Tongqiaohuoxue Hinders Development and Progression of Atherosclerosis: A Possible Role in Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110363. [PMID: 33121058 PMCID: PMC7692730 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Alzheimer’s disease and coronary heart disease are two ever-increasing major health concerns worldwide. Scientific studies revealed a link between Alzheimer’s disease and atherosclerosis, a major causality of coronary heart disease. Herbal medicine has been widely prescribed to treat Alzheimer’s disease and atherosclerosis. In the current study, we explored the possible therapeutic effect of Tongqiaohuoxue, a herbal medicine developed during the Qing dynasty of China for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, on Alzheimer’s disease and atherosclerosis. We discovered Tongqiaohuoxue showed therapeutic effects not only on atherosclerosis but also on Alzheimer’s disease. Tongqiaohuoxue treatment into the animal model of Alzheimer’s disease and atherosclerosis attenuated atherosclerotic plaque and brain amyloid formations, abnormalities that are characteristic of coronary heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease, respectively. Based on these findings, Tongqiaohuxue showed promising therapeutic effects for the treatment of patients with both Alzheimer’s disease and coronary heart disease. Abstract Atherosclerosis is closely associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tongqiaohuoxue decoction (THD) is a classical herbal prescription in traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disease. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of THD on atherosclerosis and AD. Eight-week-old C57BL6/J wild-type and ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for eight weeks, followed by oral phosphate-buffered saline vehicle or THD treatment for eight weeks further. In ApoE-/- mice, THD attenuated lipid deposition in the aorta and the brain, and abrogated atherosclerotic changes without affecting serum lipid profiles while decreasing amyloid plaque formation. In vitro assays undertaken to understand THD’s effects on lipid clearance in the aorta and brain vessels revealed that THD treatment inhibited the lipid uptake, stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein, resulted in decreased endothelial cell activation through reduction in intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels. Serum analysis revealed inhibitory effects of THD on resistin production, which has important roles in the development of both atherosclerosis and AD. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates beneficial effects of THD on the development and progression of atherosclerosis, and a possible protective role against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (E.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (E.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Jaemoo Chun
- Non-Clinical Research Collaboration Team, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - YouMee Ahn
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Zhou YX, Gong XH, Zhang H, Peng C. A review on the pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110505. [PMID: 32682112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing pharmacological evidence supports that paeoniflorin, a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside isolated from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Shaoyao in Chinese), has a wide range of medicinal properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, anticonvulsive, analgesic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antidepressant-like, antitumoral, and immune-regulatory activities; as well as enhancing cognition and attenuating learning impairment. In addition to pharmacodynamic studies, information on pharmacokinetics is also significant for the further development and utilization of paeoniflorin. The present review focuses on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of paeoniflorin, especially main pharmacological activities of paeoniflorin on inflammation and immune function. According to the findings obtained both in vitro and in vivo, a broad application prospect has been opened for paeoniflorin. However, further studies are needed to clarity the direct molecular mechanisms and key targets underlying the beneficial effects of paeoniflorin on inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Library, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Xin Q, Yuan R, Shi W, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Cong W. A review for the anti-inflammatory effects of paeoniflorin in inflammatory disorders. Life Sci 2019; 237:116925. [PMID: 31610201 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders result from abnormal immune response and their incidence has increased recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover new treatments for inflammatory disorders. In recent years, the natural products contained in Chinese herbs have attracted much attention worldwide owing to their anti-inflammatory effects. Paeoniflorin (PF) is a bioactive compound purified from the Chinese herb Paeonia lactiflora and reports have recently emerged suggesting the great potential of P. lactiflora as an agent to counter inflammatory disorders. The anti-inflammatory effects of PF have been revealed by in vitro studies and in vivo animal experiments of different inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and asthma. This review systematically describes the recent progress of studies on the mechanism of PF and its therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Xin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Yuan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Weili Shi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhengchuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China; Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Weihong Cong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
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Zhang Z, Xiong T, Zheng R, Huang J, Guo L. N‑acetyl cysteine protects HUVECs against lipopolysaccharide‑mediated inflammatory reaction by blocking the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4349-4357. [PMID: 31545445 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore the potential protective effects of N‑acetylcysteine (NAC) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced inflammatory injury to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). It was also assessed whether the underlying mechanism of this protective effect is mediated via suppression of the nuclear factor‑kappa B (NF‑κB) signaling pathway. Cell viability of HUVECs treated with different concentrations of NAC was assessed using Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8) assay. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors [interleukin‑8 (IL‑8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and intercellular cell adhesive molecule 1 (ICAM‑1)] were assessed using real time semi‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression levels of TNF‑α and IL‑8 were assessed using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. Protein expression levels of ICAM‑1 and the NF‑κB signaling pathway were assessed using western blotting. Nitric reductase method was used to quantify nitric oxide (NO) and iNOS. LPS stimulated the production of TNF‑α, IL‑8, NO, and ICAM‑1 by HUVECs. Moreover, LPS induced activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway and increased the protein expression of phosphorylated p65. However, pretreatment of HUVECs with NAC significantly attenuated the increase in the expression of inflammatory factors and the level of phosphorylated p65; this indicated that NAC prevented the activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway. The present findings indicated that NAC protects HUVECs against LPS‑mediated inflammatory reaction and alleviates inflammation. The underlying mechanism is related to the NF‑κB signaling pathway. NAC appears to be a promising agent for prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Xiong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Ji YP, Shi TY, Zhang YY, Lin D, Linghu KG, Xu YN, Tao L, Lu Q, Shen XC. Essential oil from Fructus Alpinia zerumbet (fruit of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt.et Smith) protected against aortic endothelial cell injury and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:149-158. [PMID: 30880260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Alpinia zerumbet (FAZ), a dry and ripe fruit of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith, is widely used as a spice to treat cardiovascular diseases in clinic as a miao folk medicine in Guizhou Province of China. Essential oil extracted from FAZ (EOFAZ) is the key bioactive ingredients. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to examine the effects and mechanisms of EOFAZ on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial cell injury, inflammation and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the in vitro study, LPS-treated human aortic endothelial cells were used to perform PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. For the in vivo study, male mouse were divided into four groups, vehicle control group and LPS group received 0.5% Tween-80 in saline; and two EOFAZ groups receive different dose of EOFAZ (90 mg kg -1·day-1, 180 mg kg -1·day-1) respectively. Each group was fed for 7 days by intragastrical administration at daily base. Then, except vehicle control group received saline, mice in other three groups were administered with LPS (1 mg kg -1, dissolved in saline) by intraperitoneal injection. 24 h later, Aorta tissue was collected and frozen immediately in liquid N2, stored at -80 °C for western blot analysis. RESULTS We found that EOFAZ completely prevented LPS-induced HAEC activation and inflammation in vitro and in vivo, as assessed by expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Similarly, EOFAZ significantly blunted LPS-induced endothelial injury, as tested by MTT assay, LDH release and caspase-3 activation. We further demonstrated that TLR4-dependent NF-κB signaling may be involved in the process. CONCLUSION EOFAZ protected against LPS-induced endothelial cell injury and inflammation likely via inhibition of TLR4-dependent NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Ji
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting-Yu Shi
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Department of Neonatal Disease Screening, Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Dan Lin
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Ke-Gang Linghu
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yi-Ni Xu
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center/ Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Xiang-Chun Shen
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.
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15
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Wen J, Xu B, Sun Y, Lian M, Li Y, Lin Y, Chen D, Diao Y, Almoiliqy M, Wang L. Paeoniflorin protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion by activating LKB1/AMPK and promoting autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104308. [PMID: 31181335 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological process with high clinical morbidity and mortality. Paeoniflorin, a monoterpene glucoside, is found to have diverse health beneficial effects including autophagy modulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative effects. Based on our pre-experiments, we proposed that paeoniflorin could ameliorate intestinal I/R injury and restore autophagy through activating LKB1/AMPK signal pathway. Our proposal was verified using rat intestinal I/R model in vivo and intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6 cells) hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro. Our results showed that paeoniflorin pretreatment exerted protective effects in rat intestinal I/R injury by reducing intestinal morphological damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Paeoniflorin restored H/R-impaired autophagy flux by up-regulating autophagy-related protein p62/SQSTM1 degradation, LC3II and beclin-1 expression, and autophagosomes synthesis without significantly affecting control IEC-6 cells. Paeoniflorin pretreatment significantly activated LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway by reversing the decreased LKB1 and AMPK phosphorylation without affecting total LKB1 both in vivo and in vitro. LKB1 knockdown reduced AMPK phosphorylation, suppressed LC3II and Beclin-1 level, and decreased the degradation of SQSTM/p62, and the knockdown weakened the effects of paeoniflorin in restoring the impaired autophagy flux in H/R injured IEC-6 cells, suggesting that paeoniflorin mitigated the intestinal I/R-impaired autophagy flux by activating LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Our study may provide valuable information for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuchao Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Mengqiao Lian
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yanli Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Marwan Almoiliqy
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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Zhou JX, Wink M. Evidence for Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Isoliquiritigenin, 18β Glycyrrhetinic Acid, Ursolic Acid, and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Plants Glycyrrhiza glabra and Eriobotrya japonica, at the Molecular Level. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6020055. [PMID: 31083310 PMCID: PMC6630209 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: We investigated the effect of root extracts from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plants Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and the leaf extract of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., and their six major secondary metabolites, glycyrrhizic acid, 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, paeoniflorin, and ursolic acid, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB expression and NF-κB-regulated pro-inflammatory factors in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of the substances was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) or LPS plus single substances; the gene expression levels of NF-κB subunits (RelA, RelB, c-Rel, NF-κB1, and NF-κB2), and of ICAM-1, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 were measured employing real-time PCR; nitric oxide (NO) production by the cells was quantified with the Griess assay; nuclear translocation of NF-κB was visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy with NF-κB (p65) staining. Results: All the substances showed moderate cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells except paeoniflorin with an IC50 above 1000 μM. Glycyrrhiza glabra extract and Eriobotrya japonica extract, as well as 18β glycyrrhetinic acid and isoliquiritigenin at low concentrations, inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner. LPS upregulated gene expressions of NF-κB subunits and of ICAM-1, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 within 8 h, which could be decreased by 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, isoliquiritigenin and ursolic acid similarly to the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone. NF-κB translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus was observed after LPS stimulation for 2 h and was attenuated by extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Eriobotrya japonica, as well as by 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, isoliquiritigenin, and ursolic acid. Conclusions: 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, isoliquiritigenin, and ursolic acid inhibited the gene expressions of ICAM-1, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS, partly through inhibiting NF-κB expression and attenuating NF-κB nuclear translocation. These substances showed anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms and to assess their usefulness in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xian Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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Deng Z, Zhang S, Ge S, Kong F, Cao S, Pan Z. Gexia-Zhuyu Decoction Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice Partly via Liver Angiogenesis Mediated by Myeloid Cells. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2835-2844. [PMID: 30995213 PMCID: PMC6482864 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to demonstrate the underlying correlation between the resolution of liver fibrosis induced by Gexia-Zhuyu decoction (GZD) treatment and myeloid cell-mediated angiogenesis. Material/Methods A liver fibrosis mouse model induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intervention was employed in this study. Dynamics of blood liver function parameters were followed. The liver pathology was detected by Sirius Red and Masson staining. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2/9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1/2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression levels were measured. Bone marrow chimera mice were generated by transfer of bone morrow cells from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-knockin mice into irradiated wild-type mice, and were used it to visualize the role of myeloid cells on the fibrosis resolution induced by GZD treatment. Results The result of Sirius Red and Masson staining and the dynamics of blood liver function parameters showed that 5 weeks of GZD treatment attenuated the severity of liver fibrosis with continual CCl4 administration. GZD treatment promoted the expression of MMP2/9 and repressed the heightened level of TIMP-1/2 in the recovery phase. More notably, the increased VEGF-A and augmented endothelial progenitor cells were observed in the liver and blood in mice that received GZD, and contributed to the remodeling of hepatic vascular though the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Then, chimera mice with GFP-positive bone marrow cells were used to show angiogenesis driven by GZD-induced myeloid cell motivation. We found that GZD facilitated myeloid cells binding to the vascular CXCR4 and induced the resolution of fibrosis. Conclusions This study shows that activation of myeloid cells induced by GZD administration accelerates the functional angiogenesis, which benefits the resolution of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Shihu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Fanping Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Shibing Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaoxia Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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18
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Wang H, Ma S, Li J, Zhao M, Huo X, Sun J, Sun L, Hu J, Liu Q. ADAM17 participates in the protective effect of paeoniflorin on mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9320-9329. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Wang
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Shuhui Ma
- Department of Clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine‐Western MedicineXi'an JiaoTong University School of MedicineXi'anChina
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineShaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine‐Western MedicineXi'an JiaoTong University School of MedicineXi'anChina
| | - Xueping Huo
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Jingying Sun
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Lijun Sun
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Jun Hu
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Qinshe Liu
- Medical Experiment Center and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular DiseasesShaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXi'anChina
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Lai X, Wei J, Ding X. Paeoniflorin Antagonizes TNF-α-Induced L929 Fibroblastoma Cells Apoptosis by Inhibiting NF-κBp65 Activation. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818774977. [PMID: 29887769 PMCID: PMC5989054 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818774977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is one of the main pharmacodynamic components of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr, which has a significant anti-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with a mechanism related to the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of PF in the apoptosis and expression of NF-κBp65 of L929 fibroblastoma cells induced by TNF-α. Our results showed that different concentrations of PF can significantly reduce the growth inhibition of L929 cells. Moreover, morphological observations, Hoechst 33342 staining, and flow cytometry detection of apoptosis showed that PF can significantly attenuate the TNF-α-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that TNF-α induced the activation of NF-κBp65, whereas PF treatment had a marked dose-dependent suppression on it, which indicates that its action might be associated with inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. These results show that PF exerts a beneficial effect on L929 cells to prevent TNF-α-induced apoptosis and expression of NF-κBp65, which would be helpful to clarify its role in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghong Ding
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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20
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Sun D, Yan Q, Xu X, Shen W, Xu C, Tan J, Zhang H, Li L, Cheng H. LC-MS/MS analysis and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of components from BushenHuoxue decoction. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:937-945. [PMID: 28164729 PMCID: PMC6130660 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). OBJECTIVE This study develops sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods to analyze chemical components from BSHXD, and assess the anti-inflammatory activities thereof. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). Twelve reference compounds were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Anti-inflammatory activities of target components were assessed by ELISA at 20 and 100 μg/mL. RESULTS It is the first time that 88 compounds were qualitatively identified from BSHXD, of which 12 with potential in treating OA according to the literature were quantified. Within BSHXD the contents of quercetin, isopsoralen, icarisideII, osthole, and isoimperatorin increased remarkably compared with those in single herb which make up BSHXD, the contents were 0.1999, 0.4634, 0.0928, 0.5364, and 0.1487 mg/g. ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes of 12 compounds in BSHXD and single herbs which comprise the prescription were measured and analyzed. Contents of five compounds increased may be explained by solubilization between drugs and chemical reaction. ELISA results reported that the increased contents of the five compounds could inhibit expression of the inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Sun
- Translational Medicine Center of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuying Yan
- Translational Medicine Center of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixing Shen
- Translational Medicine Center of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Changliang Xu
- Translational Medicine Center of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiani Tan
- Translational Medicine Center of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Cheng
- Translational Medicine Center of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
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Yang Y, Wang L, Wu Y, Su D, Wang N, Wang J, Shi C, Lv L, Zhang S. Tanshinol suppresses inflammatory factors in a rat model of vascular dementia and protects LPS-treated neurons via the MST1-FOXO3 signaling pathway. Brain Res 2016; 1646:304-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Senkyunolide I attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced inflammation in microglial cells. Brain Res 2016; 1649:123-131. [PMID: 27524398 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over-activated microglia during stroke has been documented to aggravate brain damage. Our previous studies showed that senkyunolide I (SEI) exerted anti-inflammatory effects against endotoxin insult in vitro and ameliorative effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. Using oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to mimic stroke, we here investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of SEI on microglial cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. OGD for 3h followed by reoxygenation for 12h significantly enhanced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expressions of inflammation-related enzymes in BV-2 cells, which was inhibited by pretreatment with SEI. To elucidate the mechanisms, we studied its effect on upstream signaling pathways. It was found that SEI suppressed the activation of NF-κB pathway induced by OGD/R and the MAPK pathway was shown not to be involved. Furthermore, SEI significantly down-regulated TLR4/MyD88 pathway with specifically improving inducible Hsp70 level through increasing HSF-1/DNA binding activity, and these regulations responsive to SEI were attenuated by transfecting Hsp70 siRNA and HSF-1 decoy ODNs. Additionally, SEI exerted similar influence on Hsp70/TLR4/NF-κB pathway in rat primary microglial cells. The results suggested that SEI had a potent effect against stroke-induced neuroinflammation through suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB pathway by up-regulating Hsp70 dependent on HSF-1.
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Yang X, Yao W, Shi H, Liu H, Li Y, Gao Y, Liu R, Xu L. Paeoniflorin protects Schwann cells against high glucose induced oxidative injury by activating Nrf2/ARE pathway and inhibiting apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:361-369. [PMID: 26979341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeoniflorin (PF) is the principal bioactive component of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., which an included in Tang Luo Ning recipe, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine based on Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction. PF is also widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of blood-arthralgia disease including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), but its underlying molecular mechanism of neuroprotective effects is not yet well understood. Diabetic hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress in Schwann cells, an important component of the peripheral nervous system, has been proposed as a unifying mechanism for DPN. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of PF on Schwann cells oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by high glucose. MATERIALS AND METHODS RSC96 cells, a Schwann cell line, were treated with high glucose (150mM) and PF (1, 10 and 100μM). Subsequently, MTT assay was performed. The level of apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and the oxidative stress was reflected by reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels. The mRNA expressions of Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were detected by qRT-PCR. The levels of Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1), Nrf2, HO-1, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γGCS), B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bax and Caspase 3 were detected by High content analysis and/or Western blot. RESULTS The role of PF markedly suppressed high glucose induced Schwann cells oxidative stress by decreasing ROS and MDA levels and increasing GST and GPX activity. Western blot analysis showed that PF induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2. High content analysis showed that PF promoted Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1 and upregulating the Nrf2/ antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. Furthermore, PF reduced Schwann cells apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2 and inhibiting Bax and Caspase-3 expressions. CONCLUSIONS PF in the management of Schwann cells oxidative stress induced by high glucose may be associated with activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway and Bcl-2-related apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Weijie Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Haotian Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Haolong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Yangfan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Yanbin Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Renhui Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Liping Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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Wang H, Liu J, Yang Y, Cao Q, Huo X, Ma S, Hu J, Pavalko FM, Liu Q. Hydroxy-Safflower Yellow A inhibits the TNFR1-Mediated Classical NF-κB Pathway by Inducing Shedding of TNFR1. Phytother Res 2016; 30:790-6. [PMID: 26806653 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxy-safflower yellow A (HSYA) is the major active component of safflower, a traditional Asia herbal medicine well known for its cardiovascular protective activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of HSYA on TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in arterial endothelial cells (AECs) and to explore the mechanisms involved. The results showed that HSYA suppressed the up-regulation of ICAM-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated AECs in a dose-dependent manner. High concentration (120 μM) HSYA significantly inhibited the TNF-α-induced adhesion of RAW264.7 cells to AECs. HSYA blocked the TNFR1-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα and also prevented the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Moreover, HSYA reduced the cell surface level of TNFR1 and increased the content of sTNFR1 in the culture media. TNF-α processing inhibitor-0 (TAPI-0) prevented the HSYA inhibition of TNFR1-induced IκBα degradation, implying the occurrence of TNFR1 shedding. Furthermore, HSYA induced phosphorylation of TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) at threonine 735, which is thought to be required for its activation. Conclusively, HSYA suppressed TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in AECs, at least in part by inhibiting the TNFR1-mediated classical NF-κB pathway. TACE-mediated TNFR1 shedding can be involved in this effect. Our study provides new evidence for the antiinflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects of HSYA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Jinlian Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical School of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- Kaifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qingwen Cao
- Department of Public Health, Medical School of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xueping Huo
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Shuhui Ma
- Department of Public Health, Medical School of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Fredrick M Pavalko
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana
| | - Qinshe Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical School of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Paeoniflorin exerts analgesic and hypnotic effects via adenosine A1 receptors in a mouse neuropathic pain model. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:281-93. [PMID: 26514553 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONAL Neuropathic pain is frequently comorbid with sleep disturbances. Paeoniflorin, a main active compound of total glucosides of paeony, has been well documented to exhibit neuroprotective bioactivity. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated effects of paeoniflorin on neuropathic pain and associated insomnia and the mechanisms involved. METHODS The analgesic and hypnotic effects of paeoniflorin were measured by mechanical threshold and thermal latency, electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram, and c-Fos expression in a neuropathic pain insomnia model. RESULTS The data revealed that paeoniflorin (50 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the mechanical threshold and prolonged the thermal latency in partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) mice. Meanwhile, paeoniflorin increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep amount and concomitantly decreased wakefulness time. However, pretreatment with l,3-dimethy-8-cyclopenthylxanthine, an adenosine A1 receptor (R, A1R) antagonist, abolished the analgesic and hypnotic effects of paeoniflorin. Moreover, paeoniflorin at 100 mg/kg failed to change mechanical threshold and thermal latency and NREM sleep in A1R knockout PSNL mice. Immunohistochemical study showed that paeoniflorin inhibited c-Fos overexpression induced by PSNL in the anterior cingulate cortex and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicated that paeoniflorin exerted analgesic and hypnotic effects via adenosine A1Rs and might be of potential use in the treatment of neuropathic pain and associated insomnia.
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Gong WG, Lin JL, Niu QX, Wang HM, Zhou YC, Chen SY, Liang GW. Paeoniflorin diminishes ConA-induced IL-8 production in primary human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in the involvement of ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 62:93-100. [PMID: 25748730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are closely associated with elevated levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), suggesting the ability to inhibit IL-8 production could enhance the treatment of liver diseases. Paeoniflorin is a major active constituent of dried Paeoniae Radix Alba root (Baishao in Chinese) which is widely used in China to treat liver diseases. We examined the effects and underlying mechanisms of paeoniflorin on IL-8 production in primary human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs). Concanavalin A (ConA) at 20 μg/mL produced a 5.2-fold increase in IL-8 mRNA by 8h, and a 14.2-fold rise in IL-8 levels by 16 h. Inhibition of MEK (ERK kinase) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by PD98059 and U0126, or inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) by LY294002 blocked both ConA-induced IL-8 mRNA expression and IL-8 secretion. Paeoniflorin reduced ConA-induced IL-8 mRNA expression and IL-8 release by 57.9% and 52.8%, respectively, and also decreased ConA-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt, suggesting paeoniflorin inhibits IL-8 expression and release by inhibiting the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways. Combining paeoniflorin with U0126 or LY294002 at low doses showed supra-additive inhibition of not only phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Akt by 46.4% and 35.0%, but also IL-8 release by 42.4% and 36.1% and IL-8 mRNA expression by 43.5% and 31.8%, respectively. In conclusion, paeoniflorin most likely contributes to the therapy for liver disease by exerting anti-inflammatory effects on HHSECs through blocking IL-8 secretion via downregulation of ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Guang Gong
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jue-Long Lin
- Center Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qing-Xia Niu
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Hong-Mei Wang
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yan-Chun Zhou
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shao-Ying Chen
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guo-Wu Liang
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China
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Paeoniflorin ameliorates ischemic neuronal damage in vitro via adenosine A1 receptor-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:298-310. [PMID: 25661317 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Paeoniflorin from Chinese herb Paeoniae Radix has been shown to ameliorate middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced ischemia in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective action of PF in cultured rat cortical neurons. METHODS Primary cultured cortical neurons of rats were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) insult. Cell survival was determined using MTT assay. HEK293 cells stably transfected with A1R (HEK293/A1R) were used for detailed analysis. Phosphorylation of the signaling proteins was evaluated by Western blot or immunoprecipitation. Receptor interactions were identified using co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Paeoniflorin (10 nmol/L to 1 μmol/L) increased the survival of neurons subjected to OGD/R. Furthermore, paeoniflorin increased the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 in these neurons. These effects were blocked by PI3K inhibitor wortmannin or MEK inhibitor U0126. Paeoniflorin also increased the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 in HEK293/A1R cells. Both A1R antagonist DPCPX and EGFR inhibitor AG1478 not only blocked paeoniflorin-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in HEK293/A1R cells, but also paeoniflorin-increased survival of neurons subjected to OGD/R. In addition, paeoniflorin increased the phosphorylation of Src kinase and activation of MMP-2 in HEK293/A1R cells. Both Src inhibitor PP2 and MMP-2/MMP-9 inhibitor BiPs not only blocked paeoniflorin-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (and Akt) in HEK293/A1R cells, but also paeoniflorin-increased survival of neurons subjected to OGD/R. CONCLUSION Paeoniflorin promotes the survival of cultured cortical neurons by increasing Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation via A1R-mediated transactivation of EGFR.
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Zhou H, Bian D, Jiao X, Wei Z, Zhang H, Xia Y, He Y, Dai Y. Paeoniflorin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by alleviating inflammatory cell infiltration and microvascular permeability. Inflamm Res 2011; 60:981-90. [PMID: 21744312 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to explore the effects of paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, on acute lung injury (ALI) and the possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHOD ALI was induced in mice by an intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg), and PF was injected intraperitoneally 30 min prior to LPS administration. After 24 h, lung water content, histology, microvascular permeability and proinflammatory cytokines in the bronchoaveolar lavage fluid were evaluated. RESULTS It was shown that PF (50, 100 mg/kg) could alleviate LPS-induced ALI, evidenced by reduced pulmonary edema, improved histological changes, and attenuated inflammatory cell accumulation in the interstitium and alveolar space as well as microvascular permeability. It also markedly down-regulated the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at both transcription and protein levels. Additionally, PF inhibited the phosphorylations of p38 MAP kinase (p38) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and prevented the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the lung tissues. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that PF is able to alleviate ALI, and the underlying mechanisms are probably attributed to decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines through down-regulation of the activation of p38, JNK and NF-κB pathways in lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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