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Parsaei M, Hasehmi SM, Seyedmirzaei H, Cattarinussi G, Sambataro F, Brambilla P, Barone Y, Delvecchio G. Perioperative esketamine administration for prevention of postpartum depression after the cesarean section: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:564-580. [PMID: 38925307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum Depression (PPD) exerts a substantial negative effect on maternal well-being post-delivery, particularly among Cesarean Section (C/S) recipients. In this study, we aimed to review the efficacy of perioperative esketamine, the S-enantiomer of ketamine, in preventing PPD incidence and depressive symptoms as measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) after C/S. METHODS A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Sciences, and PsycINFO until April 6, 2024. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effect models to compare the PPD incidence and EPDS scores via log odds ratio and Hedge's g, respectively, during the first week post-C/S and at 42 days post-C/S in the esketamine and control group. RESULTS Fourteen studies, including 12 randomized controlled trials and 2 retrospective cohorts, were reviewed. Our meta-analyses found lower PPD incidence during the first week (log odds ratio: -0.956 [95 % confidence interval: -1.420, -0.491]) and at day 42 post-C/S (log odds ratio: -0.989 [95 % confidence interval: -1.707, -0.272]) among patients administered esketamine compared to controls. Additionally, EPDS scores for the esketamine group were significantly lower than controls during the first week (Hedge's g: -0.682 [95 % confidence interval: -1.088, -0.276]) and at day 42 post-C/S (Hedge's g: -0.614 [95 % confidence interval: -1.098, -0.129]). LIMITATIONS Presence of various concomitant medications and heterogeneous study designs. CONCLUSION Our review highlights the potential impact of esketamine in PPD prevention, as well as in alleviating depressive symptoms post-C/S, regardless of PPD occurrence, therefore suggesting the benefits of adding esketamine to peri-C/S analgesic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadamin Parsaei
- Breastfeeding Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Homa Seyedmirzaei
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ylenia Barone
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Saliba F, Mina J, Aoun L, Khattar G, Sanayeh EB, Jdaidani J, Al Saidi I. Ketamine Induced Acute Systolic Heart Failure. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2024; 11:004470. [PMID: 38846645 PMCID: PMC11152225 DOI: 10.12890/2024_004470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown major cardiovascular effects associated with ketamine use disorder including dose-dependent negative inotropic effects. Preoperative ketamine use has been linked to ketamine-induced stress cardiomyopathy. Case presentation A 28-year-old female with a history of recurrent cystitis and ketamine use disorder (twice weekly for 14 years) presented with bilateral lower extremity oedema and shortness of breath for 3 months. She was tachycardic with a troponin level of 0.07 ng/ml and a B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level of 2511 pg/ml. Electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) of 15%, dilated left ventricle, and severe tricuspid and mitral regurgitation. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest and abdomen showed bilateral pleural effusions with congestive hepatopathy and ascites. The patient was started on intravenous furosemide, metoprolol, and sacubitril/valsartan. Rheumatological workup including complement levels, and antinuclear anti-double-stranded DNA was negative. A repeat TTE 2 weeks later revealed an EF of 25% and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Four months later, the EF was 54% with normal left ventricular cavity size. Conclusion Although ketamine use disorder is increasing, data on long-term side effects is minimal. Screening for ketamine use disorders should be considered in patients presenting with acute systolic heart failure. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the benefits of adding ketamine screening to standard urine toxicology. LEARNING POINTS Ketamine use disorder can lead to severe cardiovascular complications, including acute systolic heart failure, likely due to its direct negative inotropic effects and dose-dependent impact on cardiac function.Clinicians should consider screening for ketamine use disorder in young adults presenting with acute systolic heart failure, especially when other common aetiologies have been ruled out.Early recognition and prompt treatment of ketamine-induced heart failure with diuretics and guideline-directed medical therapy can lead to significant improvement in cardiac function, but long-term management should also focus on ensuring cessation of ketamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Saliba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, USA
| | - Jonathan Mina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, USA
| | - Laurence Aoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, USA
| | - Georges Khattar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, USA
| | - Elie Bou Sanayeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, USA
| | - Jennifer Jdaidani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, USA
| | - Ibrahim Al Saidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, USA
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Ölmeztürk Karakurt TC, Emir İ, Bedir Z, Ozkaloglu Erdem KT, Süleyman H, Sarıgül C, Mendil AS. Effects of carvacrol on ketamine-induced cardiac injury in rats: an experimental study. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:166-171. [PMID: 36511184 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2155664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the preventive effects of carvacrol against ketamine-induced cardiotoxicity biochemically and histopathologically in an experimental model. MATERIAL AND METHOD The rats were divided into three groups; healthy control (HC), ketamine alone (KG), and ketamine + carvacrol (KCG) groups. Serum Creatine Kinase Myocardial Band (CK-MB) and Troponin I (TP I) levels were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured in the heart tissues of the rats. Heart tissues were also evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS In the ketamine-treated group, tissue MDA, TNF-α, IL-1beta, and IL-6 levels increased while tissue GSH and SOD levels decreased significantly compared with the control group. However, in the ketamine plus carvacrol applied group, all those alterations were significantly less pronounced, close to the healthy controls. Severe mononuclear cell infiltrations, degenerated myocytes and hemorrhage were determined in the ketamine alone administered group, and these alterations were at a mild level in the carvacrol + ketamine administered group. CONCLUSION Prolonged exposure to ketamine resulted in induced oxidative stress in rat heart tissue; concomitant carvacrol application could counteract the negative effects of ketamine by protecting tissues from lipid peroxidation and decreasing the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülay Ceren Ölmeztürk Karakurt
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - İzzet Emir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Zehra Bedir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Regional Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Halis Süleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Sarıgül
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ali Sefa Mendil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Xu W, Wang DY, Chen ZY, Gao Q, Zou YL, Sun DH, Zhang S, Zhao XB, Gong YT, Zhang Y, Zhang DX, Li Y. Noninvasive Stereotactic Radiotherapy for PADN in an Acute Canine Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:244-256. [PMID: 38510719 PMCID: PMC10950402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study assesses the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of noninvasive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) as an approach for pulmonary artery denervation in canine models. SBRT with CyberKnife resulted in reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance, and insignificantly increased cardiac output. In comparison to the control group, serum norepinephrine levels at 1 month and 6 months were significantly lower in the CyberKnife group. Computed tomography, pulmonary angiography, and histology analysis revealed that SBRT was associated with minimal collateral damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ding-yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zi-yin Chen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-lun Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dang-hui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-bo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-tai Gong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Da-xin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Savić Vujović K, Jotić A, Medić B, Srebro D, Vujović A, Žujović J, Opanković A, Vučković S. Ketamine, an Old-New Drug: Uses and Abuses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:16. [PMID: 38276001 PMCID: PMC10820504 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketamine as an old-new drug has a variety of clinical implications. In the last 30 years, ketamine has become popular for acute use in humans. Ketamine in standard doses is principally utilized for the induction and maintenance of surgical procedures. Besides its use in anesthesia and analgesia, recent studies have shown that ketamine has found a place in the treatment of asthma, epilepsy, depression, bipolar affective disorders, alcohol and heroin addiction. Ketamine primarily functions as a noncompetitive antagonist targeting the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, but its mechanism of action is complex. It is generally regarded as safe, with low doses and short-term use typically not leading to significant adverse effects. Also, ketamine is known as a powerful psychostimulant. During the past decade, ketamine has been one of the commonly abused drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Savić Vujović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.M.); (D.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Ana Jotić
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Branislava Medić
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.M.); (D.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Dragana Srebro
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.M.); (D.S.); (S.V.)
| | | | - Janko Žujović
- Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Centre for Abdominal Surgery, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro;
| | - Ana Opanković
- Clinical Centre of Serbia, Clinic for Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sonja Vučković
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.M.); (D.S.); (S.V.)
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Bloomfield A, Chan N, Fryml L, Horace R, Pyati S. Ketamine for Chronic Pain and Mental Health: Regulations, Legalities, and the Growth of Infusion Clinics. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2023; 27:579-585. [PMID: 37572245 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this article, we will review evidence for ketamine's role in chronic pain and mental health conditions, its current legal status and abuse potential, and the regulations related to its administration in stand-alone infusion clinics, as well as future considerations. RECENT FINDINGS In the management of chronic pain, ketamine has shown potential to manage neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome and has been used as a treatment for chronic pain management by clinics across the USA. Analogous to the historic rise of lidocaine clinics, ketamine clinics are demonstrating a similar pattern of unregulated growth. Ketamine is an anesthetic and analgesic agent commonly used in the perioperative setting and emergency department for sedation and pain management (Mo et al in West J Emerg Med 21(2):272-281, 2020). It was approved for use by the Federal Drug Administration in the USA in the 1970s as the sole anesthetic agent for short diagnostic and surgical procedures (Coppel et al. in Anaesthesia 28(3):293-296, 1973; Schwenk et al. in Reg Anesth Pain Med 43(5):456-466, 2018). Regarding its rising popularity as a treatment option in mental health, ketamine holds promise as a rapidly acting treatment for suicidal ideation and refractory depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bloomfield
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Norine Chan
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leah Fryml
- Psychiatry Service, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Reuben Horace
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Srinivas Pyati
- Anesthesiology Service, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Lipov E, Sethi Z, Nandra G, Frueh C. Efficacy of combined subanesthetic ketamine infusion and cervical sympathetic blockade as a symptomatic treatment of PTSD/TBI in a special forces patient with a 1-year follow-up: A case report. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14891. [PMID: 37089345 PMCID: PMC10119561 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) symptoms are particularly prevalent in the special operations forces' community, along with other related conditions (e.g., endocrine dysregulation, sleep disorders, chronic pain). Ketamine infusion (KI) has been shown to increase neuroplasticity as well as memory improvement and cervical sympathetic block (CSB) has been shown to improve cognitive function, reduce sympathetic overactivity, and improve other symptoms of PTSD. We want to report the efficacious use of a single intervention consisting of bilateral CSB technique with subanesthetic KI X5 in a Special Operations Forces patient, diagnosed with PTSD with comorbid TBI, evaluated during treatment and at 1-year follow-up. We postulated KI and CSB would have a synergistic effect. Our patient received KI starting at 0.5 mg/kg, which was escalated daily. KI was combined with right-sided ultrasound-guided CSB (C6 and C4 levels). This was followed the next day by left-sided CSB and KI. Patient's PTSD symptoms were evaluated using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), suicidal ideation and other related factors by Concise Health Risk Tracking Self Report (CHRTSR). All measures were assessed prior to treatment, during treatment, and 394 days after. KI combined with CSB showed immediate and prolonged benefits 394 days later regarding the symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and cognitive deterioration (patient report). KI combined with CSB can markedly reduce symptoms of PTSD, psychiatric comorbidities, and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lipov
- Stella Center, Chicago, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zubin Sethi
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, United States
| | | | - Christopher Frueh
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI, United States
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8
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Toxicity patterns associated with chronic ketamine exposure. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Fukushima AR, Navas-Suárez PE, Peña Muñoz JW, Ricci EL, Leoni LAB, Caperuto ÉC, Yanase L, Santana J, de França E, Delorenzi JCMOB, Terrivel AF, Ferreira GM, Hirata MH, Pantaleon LDP, Zacarelli-Magalhães J, de Abreu GR, Waziry PAF, Nicoletti MA, Spinosa HDS. Post-Partum Depression Lactating Rat Model for Evaluating Ketamine’s Safety as a Pharmacotherapeutic Treatment: Roles in Cardiac and Urinary Function. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9090299. [PMID: 36135444 PMCID: PMC9504653 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9090299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the world’s most common and mentally disabling illnesses. Post-partum depression is a subtype of depression that affects one in seven women worldwide. Successful pharmacological treatment must consider the consequences for both, since the mother–child bond is fundamental for the well-being of both mother and infant as well as the general development of the newborn. Changes in maternal physiology and/or behavior can significantly influence the development of breastfed infants. Ketamine has been extensively studied for use as an antidepressant due to its mixed mechanisms of action. Safety and efficacy studies in the cardiovascular and urinary systems of a lactating postpartum depression animal model are essential for contributing toward ketamine’s clinical use in the respective patient population. Thus, this project aimed to study the implications of postpartum maternal exposure to ketamine during lactation on the cardiovascular system of female rats submitted to the depression induction model by maternal separation. This model promotes depressive effects through stress caused by the interruption of mother–infant bond early in the offspring’s life. To achieve depression, each dam was separated from her offspring for 3 h per day, from post-natal day 2 (PND2) to PND12. Experimental groups received daily treatment with either 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg of ketamine intraperitoneally during the lactation period, from PND2 to PND21. Behavioral tests consisted of the maternal and aggressive maternal behavior tests, the olfactory preference test, and the forced swim test. A technique for the detection of catecholamines and indoleamines in the heart muscle was developed for the experimental model groups. The histopathological evaluation was performed on these animals’ cardiac muscles and urinary bladders. Our findings suggest that ketamine is safe for use in postpartum depression and does not induce cardiovascular and/or urinary systems toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Rinaldi Fukushima
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde IGESP (FASIG), São Paulo 01301-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-981337311
| | - Pedro Enrique Navas-Suárez
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Esther Lopes Ricci
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde IGESP (FASIG), São Paulo 01301-000, SP, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Érico C. Caperuto
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa Aplicada em Metabolismo do Exercício, São Paulo 86039-100, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Yanase
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa Aplicada em Metabolismo do Exercício, São Paulo 86039-100, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Santana
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa Aplicada em Metabolismo do Exercício, São Paulo 86039-100, SP, Brazil
| | - Elias de França
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa Aplicada em Metabolismo do Exercício, São Paulo 86039-100, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gláucio M. Ferreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorena de Paula Pantaleon
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Zacarelli-Magalhães
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ramos de Abreu
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helenice de Souza Spinosa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
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Fukushima AR, Peña-Muñoz JW, Leoni LAB, Nicoletti MA, Ferreira GM, Delorenzi JCMOB, Ricci EL, Brandão ME, Pantaleon LDP, Gonçalves-Junior V, Waziry PAF, Maiorka PC, Spinosa HDS. Development, Optimization, and Validation of Forensic Analytical Method for Quantification of Anticholinesterase Pesticides in Biological Matrices from Suspected Cases of Animal Poisoning. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050269. [PMID: 35622682 PMCID: PMC9144076 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anticholinesterase pesticides are a main cause of the intentional or accidental poisoning of animals. Anticholinesterases include several substances that cause the overstimulation of both central and peripheral acetylcholine-dependent neurotransmission. Forensic analyses of poisoning cases require high levels of expertise, are costly, and often do not provide reliable quantitative information for unambiguous conclusions. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a method of high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC−DAD) for the identification and quantitation of n-methyl carbamates, organophosphates and respective metabolites from biological samples of animals that were suspected of poisoning. HPLC−DAD is reliable, fast, simplistic and cost-effective. The method was validated for biological samples obtained from stomach contents, liver, vitreous humor and blood from four different animal species. The validation of the method was achieved using the following analytical parameters: linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, recovery, and matrix effect. The method showed linearity at the range of 25−500 μg/mL, and the correlation coefficient (r2) values were >0.99 for all matrices. Precision and accuracy were determined by the (a) coefficient of variation (CV), (b) relative standard deviation low-quality control (LQC), (c) medium-quality control (QCM), and (d) high-quality control (QCA). The indicated parameters were all less than 15%. The recovery of analytes ranged from 31 to 71%. The analysis of results showed no significant interfering peaks due to common xenobiotics or matrix effects. The abovementioned method was used to positively identify pesticide analytes in 44 of the 51 animal samples that were suspected of poisoning, demonstrating its usefulness as a forensic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Rinaldi Fukushima
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (L.d.P.P.); (V.G.-J.); (P.C.M.); (H.d.S.S.)
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde IGESP (FASIG), São Paulo 01301-000, Brazil; (E.L.R.); (M.E.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Maria Aparecida Nicoletti
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (M.A.N.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (M.A.N.); (G.M.F.)
| | | | - Esther Lopes Ricci
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde IGESP (FASIG), São Paulo 01301-000, Brazil; (E.L.R.); (M.E.B.)
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil;
| | - Marlos Eduardo Brandão
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde IGESP (FASIG), São Paulo 01301-000, Brazil; (E.L.R.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Lorena de Paula Pantaleon
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (L.d.P.P.); (V.G.-J.); (P.C.M.); (H.d.S.S.)
| | - Vagner Gonçalves-Junior
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (L.d.P.P.); (V.G.-J.); (P.C.M.); (H.d.S.S.)
| | | | - Paulo Cesar Maiorka
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (L.d.P.P.); (V.G.-J.); (P.C.M.); (H.d.S.S.)
| | - Helenice de Souza Spinosa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (L.d.P.P.); (V.G.-J.); (P.C.M.); (H.d.S.S.)
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11
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Huang W, Wu T, Wu K. Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A potential model to assess developmental toxicity of ketamine. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:133033. [PMID: 34822872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine is a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptor. It is used as an anesthetic, analgesic, sedative, and anti-depressive agent in clinical practice and also an illegal recreational drug. The increasing use has contributed to the measurable levels of ketamine in both wastewaters and hospital effluents, thereby classified as an emergent contaminant. Lately, the potential toxicity of ketamine has raised serious concerns about its iatrogenic or illicit use during pregnancy, neonatal and childhood stages. However, to assess its long-term toxicity potentially by the use of early life stages in human and rodents is limited. In this regard, the zebrafish has been considered as excellent model organism for biosafety assessments of ketamine due to it boasts an in vivo model with the advantages of an in vitro assay. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the reported toxicity studies with ketamine in early life stage of zebrafish. The adverse effects of ketamine are known to cause overall developmental and multi-organ toxicity, including cardio-, neuro-, and skeletal toxicity. Furthermore, multiple mechanisms are found to be responsible for perpetrating toxicity of ketamine. The current findings confluence to emphasize the zebrafish embryo as an appealing model system for developmental toxicity testing in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tianjie Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, PR China
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12
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Fanelli D, Weller G, Liu H. New Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors and Their Anesthetic and Analgesic Considerations. Neurol Int 2021; 13:497-509. [PMID: 34698218 PMCID: PMC8544373 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint13040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) inhibit the presynaptic neuronal uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine and prolong the effects of the monoamines in the synaptic cleft within the central nervous system, leading to increased postsynaptic receptor activation and neuronal activities. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors can have multiple clinical indications, including as the first-line agents for the management of depression and anxiety, and as analgesics in the treatment of chronic pain. The effects of reuptake inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin are often dose-dependent and agent-dependent. There are five FDA-approved serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, levomilnacipran, milnacipran and sibutramine) currently being marketed in the United States. As the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased the incidence and prevalence of anxiety and depression across the country, there are significantly increased prescriptions of these medications perioperatively. Thus, anesthesiologists are more likely than ever to have patients administered with these agents and scheduled for elective or emergency surgical procedures. A thorough understanding of these commonly prescribed serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and their interactions with commonly utilized anesthetic agents is paramount. There are two potentially increased risks related to the continuation of SNRIs through the perioperative period: intraoperative bleeding and serotonin syndrome. SNRIs have some off-label uses, more new indications, and ever-increasing new applications in perioperative practice. This article aims to review the commonly prescribed serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and the current clinical evidence regarding their considerations in perioperative anesthesia and analgesia.
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13
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Xie X, Liang J, Huang R, Luo C, Yang J, Xing H, Zhou L, Qiao H, Ergu E, Chen H. Molecular pathways underlying tissue injuries in the bladder with ketamine cystitis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21703. [PMID: 34105799 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine cystitis (KC) is a chronic bladder inflammation leading to urinary urgency, frequency, and pain. The pathogenesis of KC is complicated and involves multiple tissue injuries in the bladder. Recent studies indicated that urothelium disruption, lamina propria fibrosis and inflammation, microvascular injury, neuropathological alterations, and bladder smooth muscle (BSM) abnormalities all contribute to the pathogenesis of KC. Ketamine has been shown to induce these tissue injuries by regulating different signaling pathways. Ketamine can stimulate antiproliferative factor, adenosine triphosphate, and oxidative stress to disrupt urothelium. Lamina propria fibrosis and inflammation are associated with the activation of cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, immunoglobulin E, and transforming growth factor β1. Ketamine contributes to microvascular injury via the N-methyl-D aspartic receptor (NMDAR), and multiple inflammatory and angiogenic factors such as tumor necrosis factor α and vascular endothelial growth factor. For BSM abnormalities, ketamine can depress the protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Cav1.2, and muscarinic receptor signaling. Elevated purinergic signaling also plays a role in BSM abnormalities. In addition, ketamine affects neuropathological alterations in the bladder by regulating NMDAR- and brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent signaling. Inflammatory cells also contribute to neuropathological changes via the secretion of chemical mediators. Clarifying the role and function of these signaling underlying tissue injuries in the bladder with KC can contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and to the design of effective treatments for KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xie
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Run Huang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chuang Luo
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongming Xing
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Han Qiao
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Erti Ergu
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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14
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The comparison of the effects of ketamine and etomidate on cardiodynamics, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in Wistar male rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 474:125-134. [PMID: 32715407 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well known the use of ketamine and etomidate in clinical practice; however, the difference in the systemic effects of these two anesthetic agents is still debatable. Thus, in the present study we aimed to compare their effects on heart, and other organs through estimation of cardiodynamics, biochemical and hematological parameters. Male Wistar rats were divided in 2 groups containing of 2 subgroups (n = 7 in each subgroup, n = 28 in total): (1) bolus injection of anesthetic ketamine (40 mg/kg b.w., i.p. n = 14); (2) bolus injection of anesthetic etomidate (20 mg/kg b.w., i.p. n = 14). The experiments were done in vitro in one subgroup of each group: cardiodynamic variables (dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin, heart rate), coronary flow, oxidative stress in coronary effluent and cardiac tissue homogenate, and in vivo in another subgroup: biochemical and hematological parameters, and oxidative stress in haemolysate. Significantly increased left ventricular contractility (dp/dtmax) and relaxation (dp/dtmin) were noticed in etomidate group. Creatinine (CREA), HDL cholesterol and folate were significantly higher in etomidate group, whereas amylase (AMY) and eosinophils in ketamine group. Our results suggested that ketamine has more antioxidant potential compared to etomidate, and etomidate has more favorable effects regarding cardiac performance.
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15
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Çömez MS, Cellat M, Özkan H, Borazan Y, Aydın T, Gökçek İ, Türk E, Güvenç M, Çakır A, Özsoy ŞY. Protective effect of oleuropein on ketamine-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1691-1699. [PMID: 32383030 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant and cardioprotective effects of oleuropein have been reported in several studies; however, its effect on ketamine cardiotoxicity has not been known yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oleuropein in ketamine-induced cardiotoxicity model in rats. A total of 28 male Wistar Albino rats were included in the study and they were randomly divided into four groups, each having seven rats. Group 1 (control): rats were given 1 mL of DMSO by oral gavage method for 7 days. Group 2 (ketamine): on the seventh day of the study, 60 mg/kg ketamine was administered intraperitoneally. Then, 60 mg/kg ketamine was administered intraperitoneally every 10 min for 3 h. Group 3 (oleuropein): rats were given 200 mg/kg/day oleuropein by oral gavage method for 7 days. Group 4 (oleuropein + ketamine): rats were given 1 × 200 mg/kg oleuropein by oral gavage method for 7 days. Furthermore, 60 mg/kg ketamine was administered intraperitoneally on the seventh day of the experiment. Then, 60 mg/kg ketamine was administered intraperitoneally every 10 min for 3 h. Serum cardiac marker (TnI, CK-MB and CK) levels were measured. Histopathological analysis was performed on a portion of the cardiac tissue. Cardiac tissue oxidative stress and antioxidant markers (MDA, GSH, GSH.Px and CAT), TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, COX-2 and Nrf-2 gene expressions, and protein conversion levels of related genes were determined. Data obtained showed that ketamine administration increased MDA (p < 0.001), TNF-α (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.01), COX-2 (p < 0.001) and NF-κB (p < 0.001) levels, as well as serum TnI (p < 0.001), CK-MB (p < 0.001) and CK (p < 0.01) levels whereas decreased GSH (p < 0.05) and Nrf-2 (p < 0.05) levels, as well as GSH-Px (p < 0.001) and CAT (p < 0.05) enzyme activities. Oleuropein administration was observed to decrease MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, NF-κB, TnI, CK-MB and CK levels close to the control group and to increase GSH levels and GSH-Px and CAT enzyme activities close to the control group. This study showed that oleuropein administration reversed the increased oxidative stress and inflammation as a result of the use of ketamine and had protective effects on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Selim Çömez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31300, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Özkan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Yakup Borazan
- Adıyaman University, Education And Research Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Tuba Aydın
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agrı, Turkey
| | - İshak Gökçek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Türk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Güvenç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Çakır
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Şule Yurdagül Özsoy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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16
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Harper AA, Rimmer K, Dyavanapalli J, McArthur JR, Adams DJ. Ketamine inhibits synaptic transmission and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated responses in rat intracardiac ganglia in situ. Neuropharmacology 2020; 165:107932. [PMID: 31911104 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The intravenous anaesthetic ketamine, has been demonstrated to inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated currents in dissociated rat intracardiac ganglion (ICG) neurons (Weber et al., 2005). This effect would be predicted to depress synaptic transmission in the ICG and would account for the inhibitory action of ketamine on vagal transmission to the heart (Inoue and König, 1988). This investigation was designed to examine the activity of ketamine on (i) postsynaptic responses to vagal nerve stimulation, (ii) the membrane potential, and (iii) membrane current responses evoked by exogenous application of ACh and nicotine in ICG neurons in situ. Intracellular recordings were made using sharp intracellular microelectrodes in a whole mount ICG preparation. Preganglionic nerve stimulation and recordings in current- and voltage-clamp modes were used to assess the action of ketamine on ganglionic transmission and nAChR-mediated responses. Ketamine attenuated the postsynaptic responses evoked by nerve stimulation. This reduction was significant at clinically relevant concentrations at high frequencies. The excitatory membrane potential and current responses to focal application of ACh and nicotine were inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by ketamine. In contrast, ketamine had no effect on either the directly-evoked action potential or excitatory responses evoked by focal application of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Taken together, ketamine inhibits synaptic transmission and nicotine- and ACh-evoked currents in adult rat ICG. Ketamine inhibition of synaptic transmission and nAChR-mediated responses in the ICG contributes significantly to its attenuation of the bradycardia observed in response to vagal stimulation in the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Harper
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Katrina Rimmer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ross Hall 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Jeffrey R McArthur
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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17
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Sayce LJ, Powell ME, Kimball EE, Chen P, Gartling GJ, Rousseau B. Continuous Rate Infusion of Ketamine Hydrochloride and Dexmedetomidine for Maintenance of Anesthesia during Laryngotracheal Surgery in New Zealand White Rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2020; 59:176-185. [PMID: 32005295 PMCID: PMC7073403 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are an established in vivo model for the study of structural and functional consequences of vocal-fold vibration. Research design requires invasive laryngotracheal procedures, and the presence of laryngospasms or pain responses (or both) hinder phonation-related data collection. Published anesthesia regimens report respiratory depression and muscle tone changes and have been unsuccessful in mitigating autonomic laryngeal responses in our protocol. Infusion of ketamine hydrochloride and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in pediatric medicine provides effective analgesia and sedation for laryngotracheal procedures including intubation and bronchoscopy; however, data evaluating the use of ketamine-dexmedetomidine infusion in rabbits are unavailable. This study reports a new infusion regimen, which was used in 58 male New Zealand white rabbits that underwent a nonsurvival laryngotracheal procedure to induce phonotraumatic vocal-fold injury. Animals were sedated by using ketamine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg IM) and dexmedetomidine (0.125 mg/kg IM). Maintenance anesthesia was provided by using continuous rate intravenous infusion of ketamine hydrochloride (343 μg/kg/min) and dexmedetomidine (1.60 μg/kg/min). A stable plane of anesthesia with no autonomic laryngeal response (laryngospasm) was achieved in 32 of the 58 rabbits (55%). Laryngospasms occurred in 25 of 58 animals (43%) and were controlled in 20 cases (80%) by providing 0.33 mL 2% topical lidocaine, incremental increase in infusion rate, or both. Continuous rate infusion of ketamine hydrochloride-dexmedetomidine with prophylactic topical lidocaine provides a predictable and adjustable surgical plane of anesthesia, with minimal confounding respiratory and autonomic laryngeal responses, during extended-duration laryngotracheal surgery in rabbits. This regimen should be considered as an alternative to injection maintenance for prolonged, invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea J Sayce
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;,
| | - Maria E Powell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emily E Kimball
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Patty Chen
- Animal Care and Use Review Office, US Army Medical Research and Development, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Gary J Gartling
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bernard Rousseau
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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18
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MacGowan GA, Dark JH, Corris PA, Nair AR. Effects of drug abuse, smoking and alcohol on donor hearts and lungs. Transpl Int 2019; 32:1019-1027. [PMID: 31172575 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Potential heart and lung donors with a history of illicit drugs and/or smoking and alcohol are frequently offered, though there is no clear guidance on when it is safe to use these organs. A review of the literature on effects of drugs, alcohol and smoking on donor outcomes, and the effects of these on the intact heart and lung was undertaken. There has been a marked increase in deaths from opioid abuse in many developed countries, though recent evidence suggests that outcomes after cardiothoracic transplantation are equivalent to nonopioid donor causes of death. For donor smoking, there is an increased risk with lung transplantation; however, that risk is less when compared to further waiting on the transplant list for a nonsmoking alternative. Heavy alcohol consumption does not adversely affect heart transplantation, and there is no clear evidence of adverse outcomes after lung transplantation. There are no overall effects of cannabis or cocaine on survival after heart or lung transplantation. In all these cases, careful donor assessment can establish if a particular organ can be used. In most cases, use of drugs requires careful assessment, but is not in of itself a contraindication to cardiothoracic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A MacGowan
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John H Dark
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul A Corris
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Arun R Nair
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Li Y, Tan G, Liu J, Ke X, Shen Y, Huang J, Hu G, Xiang T, Yang Y. The Role of Relaxin-2 in Tissue Remodeling of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:490-499. [PMID: 31007042 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419843828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Relaxin is a small peptide hormone that regulates extracellular matrix remodeling and reduces fibrosis in a number of organs. Little is known about its impact on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP); thus, we aimed to determine the expression of human H2 relaxin (relaxin-2) and its role in tissue remodeling in CRSwNP. Methods Patients were enrolled and divided into the following groups: CRS with NP (CRSwNP; n = 20), CRS without NP (CRSsNP; n = 20), and controls (n = 15). Tissue samples were analyzed by Masson trichrome staining for collagen, while the location and expression of relaxin-2, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and phosphorylated (p) Smad2/Smad3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The expression of relaxin-2, Smad2, Smad3, and TGF-β1 mRNA was tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Ex vivo NP were treated with relaxin-2 (n = 15) or TGF-β1 (n = 15). Collagen type I (collagen I), relaxin-2, and TGF-β1 levels in the culture supernatants were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while pSmad2/Smad3 in culture pellets was analyzed by Western blot, and the expression of Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA was tested by qPCR. Results The collagen, relaxin-2, TGF-β1, and pSmad2/Smad3 protein expression levels were significantly decreased in the CRSwNP group compared with the CRSsNP group ( P < .05). The expression of relaxin-2, Smad2, Smad3, and TGF-β1 mRNA in the CRSsNP group was significantly higher than in the CRSwNP and control groups ( P < .05). Compared with the ex vivo controls, in CRSwNP, the levels of TGF-β1, collagen I, pSmad2/Smad3, Smad2, and Smad3 were markedly decreased after relaxin-2 treatment. However, relaxin-2, collagen I, pSmad2/Smad3, Smad2, and Smad3 were remarkably increased after TGF-β1 treatment. Conclusions The antifibrotic effects of relaxin-2 may play a role in tissue remodeling in CRSwNP, but the detailed mechanism deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Li
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guojing Tan
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Ke
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Shen
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangju Huang
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- 2 Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Liu Z, Zhao X, Yuan Y, Sheng L, Li Y. Resveratrol prevents atrial fibrillation by inhibiting atrial structural and metabolic remodeling in collagen-induced arthritis rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1179-1190. [PMID: 30135998 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes atrial remodeling that induces the occurrence and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this study, we explored the influence of RA on atrial fibrillation and the potential therapeutic effects of resveratrol in a rat model. The following three groups of female Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were used in this study: control, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and resveratrol. Rats in the CIA and resveratrol groups were injected twice with type II collagen in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Three weeks after the second injection, resveratrol (10 mg kg-1 day-1) was administered for 4 weeks. Subsequently, atrial electrophysiological parameters were measured. Levels of inflammatory factors in the atria and serum were measured. Atrial histopathological changes were assessed using microscopy, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis were assessed using TUNEL and Masson's staining. Apoptosis-related and fibrosis-related proteins were assessed using Western blotting. Atrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were tested using ELISA. Glycogen accumulation and metabolism-related protein expression were assessed. AF inducibility and duration were markedly increased in CIA rats and were reduced by resveratrol. CIA also increased the atrial and serum IL-6 and TNF-a levels and induced atrial apoptosis and fibrosis, which were attenuated by resveratrol. Moreover, CIA induced the impairment of atrial energy metabolism by inhibiting the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway, which was reversed by resveratrol. Resveratrol protects against RA-induced atrial structural and metabolic remodeling, which may provide a new potential therapeutic treatment for RA-related AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zonghong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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21
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Quadri JA, Sarwar S, Pinky, Kar P, Singh S, Mallick SR, Arava S, Nag TC, Roy TS, Shariff A. Fluoride induced tissue hypercalcemia, IL-17 mediated inflammation and apoptosis lead to cardiomyopathy: Ultrastructural and biochemical findings. Toxicology 2018; 406-407:44-57. [PMID: 29800585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
An increased prevalence of cardiac complications has been observed in residents of fluorosis endemic areas chronically exposed to fluoride. Fluoride induces soft tissue injury due to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and mitochondriopathy. It was hypothesized that chronic fluoride exposure induces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes due to inflammation, lysis of extra cellular matrix and altered calcium metabolism. This study was planned to evaluate the effects of chronic fluoride exposure and the mechanism of action in the cardiac muscle. Fifteen week old male Wistar rats were administered a human equivalent dose of fluoride (50 and 100 ppm ad-libitum, HED = 5 & 10 ppm in human) for 75-days. After 75-days of fluoride exposure, the animals were euthanized and fluoride, oxidative stress (SOD, GPX, Catalase activities) and LPO were measured. Histopathological and ultrastructural pathological examinations were conducted on the cardiac tissues using light, atomic force and electron microscopies. The cardiac tissues were also assessed for apoptosis (TUNEL/Caspase assays), and tissue calcium levels (Alizarin-assay and SEM-EDX). Tissue inflammation and expression of IL-17, MMP-9, Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were evaluated. In the fluoride exposed groups, a significant (≤0.05) increase in levels of oxidative stress, LPO and apoptosis were observed. The IL-17, MMP-9 and Caspase-3 were significantly (≤0.05) higher in the cardiac muscle after chronic fluoride exposure. The fluoride seems to have induced inflammation in the cardiac tissues, as well as an increase in tissue calcium (≤0.05). There was significant damage to cardiac muscle fibres including, thinning, distortion and neo-vasculogenesis following chronic fluoride exposure. Mitochondriopathy, lysis of ground substance, oedema, and hyper-vacuolation was seen in fluoride treated groups. Remarkable levels of distortion and bending in Z band were observed under the AFM. Many of these observed changes mimic those occurring in cardiomegaly, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saba Sarwar
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Pinky
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Parmita Kar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - A Shariff
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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22
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Yu C, Liu Y, Sun L, Wang D, Wang Y, Zhao S, Dai H, Zhao J, Zhang S, Li M, Han Y, Lu S, Dong X, Liu G, Yu S, Li Y. Chronic obstructive sleep apnea promotes aortic remodeling in canines through miR-145/Smad3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37705-37716. [PMID: 28465478 PMCID: PMC5514942 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a causal pathogenetic factor of many cardiovascular diseases, however, its role in aortic diseases remains unknown. Therefore, this study was performed to explore the potential effects and pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic OSA on aortic remodeling in a canine model. After chronic OSA, the morphological changes of ascending aorta were characterized by thinner cells with pycnotic nuclei and swollen mitochondria, and obvious hyperplasia of collagenous fiber in the matrix. Both the apoptotic ratio and collagen volume fraction were significantly increased in ascending aorta of chronic OSA canines. Besides, aortic sympathetic nerve sprouting increased significantly in chronic OSA group. Meanwhile, protein expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, collagenI, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and growth associated protein-43 (GAP43) was upregulated after chronic OSA. Additionally, chronic OSA also strikingly increased pro-inflammatory factors like tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3), NF-κB-p65 and oxidative stress factors like xanthine oxidase (XOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) while declined superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Furthermore, suppressed miR-145 and subsequently increased Smad3 expression were found obviously in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated by hypoxia. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that Smad3 was one of the targets of miR-145. In conclusion, OSA could exacerbate aortic remodeling by aortic fibrosis, apoptosis and sympathetic nerve sprouting. miR-145/Smad3 signaling pathway might promote aortic remodeling during OSA. These findings provide novel information of chronic OSA-induced vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Dingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yike Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Xinwen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhu Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
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23
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Role of the β 3-adrenergic receptor subtype in catecholamine-induced myocardial remodeling. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 446:149-160. [PMID: 29363058 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
β3-Adrenoceptors (AR) stimulate cardiac Na+/K+ pump in healthy hearts. β3-ARs are upregulated by persistent sympathetic hyperactivity; however, their effect on Na+/K+ ATPase activity and ventricular function in this condition is still unknown. Here, we investigate preventive effects of additional β3-AR activation (BRL) on Na+/K+ ATPase activity and in vivo hemodynamics in a model of noradrenaline-induced hypertrophy. Rats received NA or NA plus simultaneously administered BRL in vivo infusion for 14 days; their cardiac function was investigated by left ventricular pressure-volume analysis. Moreover, fibrosis and apoptosis were also assessed histologically. NA induced an hypertrophic pattern, as detected by morphological, histological, and biochemical markers. Additional BRL exposure reversed the hypertrophic pattern and restored Na+/K+ ATPase activity. NA treatment increased systolic function and depressed diastolic function (slowed relaxation). Additional BRL treatment reversed most NA-induced hemodynamic changes. NA decreased Na+/K+ pump α2 subunit expression selectively, a change also reversed by additional BRL treatment. Increasing β3-AR stimulation may prevent the consequences of chronic NA exposure on Na+/K+ pump and in vivo hemodynamics. β3-AR agonism may thus represent a new therapeutic strategy for pharmacological modulation of hypertrophy under conditions of chronically enhanced sympathetic activity.
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24
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Robinson BL, Dumas M, Ali SF, Paule MG, Gu Q, Kanungo J. Mechanistic studies on ketamine-induced mitochondrial toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 69:63-72. [PMID: 29225006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a phencyclidine derivative, is an antagonist of the Ca2+-permeable N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors. It is a pediatric anesthetic and has been implicated in developmental neurotoxicity. Ketamine has also been shown to deplete ATP in mammalian cells. Our previous studies showed that acetyl l-carnitine (ALCAR) prevented ketamine-induced cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. Based on our finding that ALCAR's protective effect was blunted by oligomycin A, an inhibitor of ATP synthase, we further investigated the effects of ketamine and ALCAR on ATP levels, mitochondria and ATP synthase in zebrafish embryos. The results demonstrated that ketamine reduced ATP levels in the embryos but not in the presence of ALCAR. Ketamine reduced total mitochondrial protein levels and mitochondrial potential, which were prevented with ALCAR co-treatment. To determine the cause of ketamine-induced ATP deficiency, we explored the status of ATP synthase. The results showed that a subunit of ATP synthase, atp5α1, was transcriptionally down-regulated by ketamine, but not in the presence of ALCAR, although ketamine caused a significant upregulation in another ATP synthase subunit, atp5β and total ATP synthase protein levels. Most of the ATP generated by heart mitochondria are utilized for its contraction and relaxation. Ketamine-treated embryos showed abnormal heart structure, which was abolished with ALCAR co-treatment. This study offers evidence for a potential mechanism by which ketamine could cause ATP deficiency mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Robinson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Melanie Dumas
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Syed F Ali
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Merle G Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Qiang Gu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Jyotshna Kanungo
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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25
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Chen L, Xiao L, Liu J, Shen Y, Ke X, Huang J, Hu G, Yang Y. Differential Expression of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps with Allergic Rhinitis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2017; 79:295-305. [PMID: 29183012 DOI: 10.1159/000481510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression levels in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and their possible correlation with allergic state and tissue remodeling. METHODS Patients were enrolled and divided into the following groups: CRS without nasal polyps (NP) without allergic rhinitis (AR) (CRSsNPsAR; n = 20), CRS with NP with AR (CRSwNPwAR; n = 20), CRS with NP without AR (CRSwNPsAR; n = 20), and controls (n = 15). Tissue samples were analyzed by Masson trichrome staining for collagen, while the location and expression of AhR and TGF-β1 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting. RESULTS The collagen amounts as well as AhR and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased in the CRSsNPsAR group compared with the CRSwNP (CRSwNPsAR and CRSwNPwAR) samples (p < 0.01). However, higher collagen amounts (p < 0.05) and higher TGF-β1 (p < 0.05) but lower AhR expression levels (p < 0.05) were detected in the CRSwNPwAR versus the CRSwNPsAR patients. Both AhR and TGF-β1 expression were positively correlated with the collagen level in CRS samples (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Elevated AhR expression may be involved in the progression of tissue remodeling in CRSsNPsAR similar to TGF-β1 expression. Conversely, lower AhR expression may be involved in allergic reactions in CRSwNPwAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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26
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Metoprolol prevents chronic obstructive sleep apnea-induced atrial fibrillation by inhibiting structural, sympathetic nervous and metabolic remodeling of the atria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14941. [PMID: 29097705 PMCID: PMC5668297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may promote the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) by inducing atrial electrical and structural remodeling as well as autonomic nerve hyperinnervation. Here, we investigated the roles of metoprolol in regulation of atrial remodeling induced by chronic OSA. A canine model of chronic OSA was established by stopping the ventilator and closing the airway for 4 h/day every other day for 12 weeks, while metoprolol (5 mg·kg-1·day-1) was continuously administered. Using that model, we observed that increases in sympathetic sprouting and atrial structural remodeling were sharply inhibited by metoprolol. Moreover, metoprolol dramatically inhibited the impairment of atrial energy metabolism by activating the Sirt1-AMPK pathway. In vitro, metoprolol significantly activated the Sirt1-AMPK pathway in intermittent hypoxic and isoproterenol-treated HL-1 cells, and the effect was abolished by the coadministration of EX-527, an inhibitor of Sirt1 activation. In summary, metoprolol protects against chronic OSA-induced atrial remodeling. Our results suggest a new and feasible treatment strategy for AF induced by OSA.
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27
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Singh TSS, Elahi F, Cheney B. Ketamine-induced QTc interval prolongation. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2017; 33:136-138. [PMID: 28413297 PMCID: PMC5374824 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9185.173335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder S Swaran Singh
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
| | - Foad Elahi
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
| | - Brian Cheney
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
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28
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Wang LQ, Liu SZ, Wen X, Wu D, Yin L, Fan Y, Wang Y, Chen WR, Chen P, Liu Y, Lu XL, Sun HL, Shou W, Qiao GF, Li BY. Ketamine-mediated afferent-specific presynaptic transmission blocks in low-threshold and sex-specific subpopulation of myelinated Ah-type baroreceptor neurons of rats. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44108-22. [PMID: 26675761 PMCID: PMC4792545 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ketamine enhances autonomic activity, and unmyelinated C-type baroreceptor afferents are more susceptible to be blocked by ketamine than myelinated A-types. However, the presynaptic transmission block in low-threshold and sex-specific myelinated Ah-type baroreceptor neurons (BRNs) is not elucidated. Methods Action potentials (APs) and excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) were investigated in BRNs/barosensitive neurons identified by conduction velocity (CV), capsaicin-conjugated with Iberiotoxin-sensitivity and fluorescent dye using intact nodose slice and brainstem slice in adult female rats. The expression of mRNA and targeted protein for NMDAR1 was also evaluated. Results Ketamine time-dependently blocked afferent CV in Ah-types in nodose slice with significant changes in AP discharge. The concentration-dependent inhibition of ketamine on AP discharge profiles were also assessed and observed using isolated Ah-type BRNs with dramatic reduction in neuroexcitability. In brainstem slice, the 2nd-order capsaicin-resistant EPSCs were identified and ∼50% of them were blocked by ketamine concentration-dependently with IC50 estimated at 84.4 μM compared with the rest (708.2 μM). Interestingly, the peak, decay time constant, and area under curve of EPSCs were significantly enhanced by 100 nM iberiotoxin in ketamine-more sensitive myelinated NTS neurons (most likely Ah-types), rather than ketamine-less sensitive ones (A-types). Conclusions These data have demonstrated, for the first time, that low-threshold and sex-specific myelinated Ah-type BRNs in nodose and Ah-type barosensitive neurons in NTS are more susceptible to ketamine and may play crucial roles in not only mean blood pressure regulation but also buffering dynamic changes in pressure, as well as the ketamine-mediated cardiovascular dysfunction through sexual-dimorphic baroreflex afferent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sheng-Zhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Wei-Ran Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Long Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Li Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Weinian Shou
- Riley Heart Research Center, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Guo-Fen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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29
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Ahiskalioglu A, Ince I, Aksoy M, Ahiskalioglu EO, Comez M, Dostbil A, Celik M, Alp HH, Coskun R, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Suleyman B. Comparative Investigation of Protective Effects of Metyrosine and Metoprolol Against Ketamine Cardiotoxicity in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016; 15:336-44. [PMID: 25503950 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of metyrosine against ketamine-induced cardiotoxicity in rats and compared the results with the effect of metoprolol. In this study, rats were divided into groups A, B and C. In group A, we investigated the effects of a single dose of metyrosine (150 mg/kg) and metoprolol (20 mg/kg) on single dose ketamine (60 mg/kg)-induced cardiotoxicity. In group B, we investigated the effect of metyrosine and metoprolol, which were given together with ketamine for 30 days. In group C, we investigated the effect of metyrosine and metoprolol given 15 days before ketamine and 30 days together with ketamine on ketamine cardiotoxicity. By the end of this process, we evaluated the effects of the levels of oxidant-antioxidant parameters such as MDA, MPO, 8-OHGua, tGSH, and SOD in addition to CK-MB and TP I on cardiotoxicity in rat heart tissue. The experimental results show that metyrosine prevented ketamine cardiotoxicity in groups A, B and C and metoprolol prevented it in only group C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahiskalioglu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ilker Ince
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aksoy
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Oral Ahiskalioglu
- Department of Anaesthesiology And Reanimation, Regional Education And Research Hospital, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Comez
- Department of Anaesthesiology And Reanimation, Regional Education And Research Hospital, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Dostbil
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mine Celik
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamit Hakan Alp
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 100, Yil University, 65000, Van, Turkey
| | - Resit Coskun
- Department of Cardiology, Bayburt State Hospital, 69000, Bayburt, Turkey
| | | | - Bahadir Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53000, Rize, Turkey.
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30
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Rajandram R, Ong TA, Razack AHA, MacIver B, Zeidel M, Yu W. Intact urothelial barrier function in a mouse model of ketamine-induced voiding dysfunction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F885-94. [PMID: 26911853 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00483.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a popular choice for young drug abusers. Ketamine abuse causes lower urinary tract symptoms, with the underlying pathophysiology poorly understood. Disruption of urothelial barrier function has been hypothesized to be a major mechanism for ketamine cystitis, yet the direct evidence of impaired urothelial barrier function is still lacking. To address this question, 8-wk-old female C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with 30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) ketamine for 12 wk to induce ketamine cystitis. A spontaneous voiding spot assay showed that ketamine-treated mice had increased primary voiding spot numbers and smaller primary voiding spot sizes than control mice (P < 0.05), indicating a contracted bladder and bladder overactivity. Consistently, significantly increased voiding frequency was observed in ketamine-treated mice on cystometrograms. These functional experiments indicate that ketamine induces voiding dysfunction in mice. Surprisingly, urothelial permeability in ketamine-treated mice was not changed when measured using an Ussing chamber system with isotopic urea and water. Mouse urothelial structure was also not altered, and intact umbrella cell structure was observed by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, immunostaining and confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of a well-defined distribution of zonula occuldens-1 in tight junctions and uroplakin in umbrella cells. In conclusion, these data indicate that ketamine injection induces voiding dysfunction in mice but does not necessarily disrupt mouse bladder barrier function. Disruption of urothelial barrier function may not be the major mechanism in ketamine cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retnagowri Rajandram
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachuesetts; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and
| | - Teng Aik Ong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azad H A Razack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bryce MacIver
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachuesetts
| | - Mark Zeidel
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachuesetts
| | - Weiqun Yu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachuesetts;
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31
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Liu GZ, Hou TT, Yuan Y, Hang PZ, Zhao JJ, Sun L, Zhao GQ, Zhao J, Dong JM, Wang XB, Shi H, Liu YW, Zhou JH, Dong ZX, Liu Y, Zhan CC, Li Y, Li WM. Fenofibrate inhibits atrial metabolic remodelling in atrial fibrillation through PPAR-α/sirtuin 1/PGC-1α pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1095-109. [PMID: 26787506 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atrial metabolic remodelling is critical for the process of atrial fibrillation (AF). The PPAR-α/sirtuin 1 /PPAR co-activator α (PGC-1α) pathway plays an important role in maintaining energy metabolism. However, the effect of the PPAR-α agonist fenofibrate on AF is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of fenofibrate on atrial metabolic remodelling in AF and explore its possible mechanisms of action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The expression of metabolic proteins was examined in the left atria of AF patients. Thirty-two rabbits were divided into sham, AF (pacing with 600 beats·min(-1) for 1 week), fenofibrate treated (pretreated with fenofibrate before pacing) and fenofibrate alone treated (for 2 weeks) groups. HL-1 cells were subjected to rapid pacing in the presence or absence of fenofibrate, the PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 or sirtuin 1-specific inhibitor EX527. Metabolic factors, circulating biochemical metabolites, atrial electrophysiology, adenine nucleotide levels and accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets were assessed. KEY RESULTS The PPAR-α/sirtuin 1/PGC-1α pathway was significantly inhibited in AF patients and in the rabbit/HL-1 cell models, resulting in a reduction of key downstream metabolic factors; this effect was significantly restored by fenofibrate. Fenofibrate prevented the alterations in circulating biochemical metabolites, reduced the level of adenine nucleotides and accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets, reversed the shortened atrial effective refractory period and increased risk of AF. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Fenofibrate inhibited atrial metabolic remodelling in AF by regulating the PPAR-α/sirtuin 1/PGC-1α pathway. The present study may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Zhou Hang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guan-Qi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart, Failure of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Mei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yong-Wu Liu
- Centre for Drug Safety Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Hua Zhou
- Department of Morphology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zeng-Xiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart, Failure of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Cheng-Chuang Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart, Failure of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart, Failure of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Sun L, Zhang S, Yu C, Pan Z, Liu Y, Zhao J, Wang X, Yun F, Zhao H, Yan S, Yuan Y, Wang D, Ding X, Liu G, Li W, Zhao X, Liu Z, Li Y. Hydrogen sulfide reduces serum triglyceride by activating liver autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E925-35. [PMID: 26442880 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00294.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in liver triglyceride (TG) metabolism. Inhibition of autophagy could reduce the clearance of TG in the liver. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a potent stimulator of autophagic flux. Recent studies showed H2S is protective against hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and noalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while the mechanism remains to be explored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that H2S reduces serum TG level and ameliorates NAFLD by stimulating liver autophagic flux by the AMPK-mTOR pathway. The level of serum H2S in patients with HTG was lower than that of control subjects. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, H2S donor) markedly reduced serum TG levels of male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), which was abolished by coadministration of chloroquine (CQ), an inhibitor of autophagic flux. In HFD mice, administration of NaSH increased the LC3BII-to-LC3BI ratio and decreased the p62 protein level. Meanwhile, NaSH increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and thus reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR in a Western blot study. In cultured LO2 cells, high-fat treatment reduced the ratio of LC3BII to LC3BI and the phosphorylation of AMPK, which were reversed by the coadministration of NaSH. Knockdown of AMPK by siRNA in LO2 cells blocked the autophagic enhancing effects of NaSH. The same qualitative effect was observed in AMPKα2(-/-) mice. These results for the first time demonstrated that H2S could reduce serum TG level and ameliorate NAFLD by activating liver autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chengyuan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; and
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fengxiang Yun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guangzhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuezhu Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; and
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Ketamine may be related to minor troponin elevations in children undergoing minor procedures in the ED. Am J Emerg Med 2015; 33:904-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Li X, Li S, Zheng W, Pan J, Huang K, Chen R, Pan T, Liao G, Chen Z, Zhou D, Shen W, Zhou W, Liu Y. Environmental enrichment and abstinence attenuate ketamine-induced cardiac and renal toxicity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11611. [PMID: 26112338 PMCID: PMC4481381 DOI: 10.1038/srep11611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the effect of abstinence in combination with environmental enrichment (EE) on cardiac and renal toxicity induced by 2 weeks of ketamine self-administration (SA) in rodents. In Experiment 1, one group of rats underwent ketamine SA for 14 days. In Experiment 2, the animals completed 2 weeks of ketamine SA followed by 2 and 4 weeks of abstinence. In Experiment 3, animals underwent 14 days of ketamine SA and 4 weeks of abstinence in which isolated environment (IE) and EE was introduced. The corresponding control groups were included for each experiment. Two weeks of ketamine SA caused significant increases in organ weight, Apoptosis Stimulating Fragment/Kidney Injury Molecule-1, and apoptotic level of heart and kidney. The extended length of withdrawal from ketamine SA partially reduced toxicity on the heart and kidney. Finally, introduction of EE during the period of abstinence greatly promoted the effect of abstinence on ketamine-induced cardiac and renal toxicity. The interactive effect of EE and abstinence was promising to promote the recovery of cardiac and renal toxicity of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Li
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Li
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jian Pan
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Kunyu Huang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Tonghe Pan
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Guorong Liao
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, 1 Zhuangyu Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315731, P.R.China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, 1 Zhuangyu Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315731, P.R.China
| | - Wenwen Shen
- Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, 42 Xibei Rd., Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R.China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- 1] Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China [2] Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, 42 Xibei Rd., Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R.China
| | - Yu Liu
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
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Liu L, Yun F, Zhao H, Zhang S, Liu Z, Wang X, Wang D, Peng W, Li S, Xiu C, Tan X, Li Y. Atrial sympathetic remodeling in experimental hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism rats. Int J Cardiol 2015; 187:148-50. [PMID: 25828340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fengxiang Yun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wenpeng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chunhong Xiu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Tan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Malik AK, Melookaran AM, Simon GS, Zhu Q. Effects of Substance Abuse on the Cardiovascular System and Its Management. Subst Abus 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1951-2_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zhao J, Xu W, Yun F, Zhao H, Li W, Gong Y, Yuan Y, Yan S, Zhang S, Ding X, Wang D, Zhang C, Dong D, Xiu C, Yang N, Liu L, Xue J, Li Y. Chronic obstructive sleep apnea causes atrial remodeling in canines: mechanisms and implications. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:427. [PMID: 25015734 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is closely related to atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the roles and mechanisms of chronic OSA in atrial remodeling are still unclear. Canine model of chronic OSA was simulated by stopping the ventilator and closing the airway for 4 h per day and lasting for 12 weeks. AF inducibility and duration was increased while atrial effective refractory period (AERP) was shortened after chronic apnea. Meanwhile, upregulation of proteins encoding inward rectifier K(+) current (IK1), delayed rectifier K(+) current (IKr and IKs), acetylcholine activated K(+) current (IKACh), transient outward K(+) current (Ito) and ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium current (IKur) as well as downregulation of protein encoding L-type Ca(2+) current (ICa,L) were found after chronic OSA. Besides abnormal electrical activity, chronic OSA induced apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis of atrial myocytes, which was partly mediated by caspase 9, phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2, and α-smooth muscle actin. In addition, atrial sympathetic and parasympathetic hyperinnervation were found manifesting by enhanced growth-associated protein 43, tyrosine hydroxylase and elevated choline acetyltransferase. Moreover, protein expression of β1, β2, and M2 receptor were markedly increased by chronic OSA. In summary, we firstly demonstrated in canine model that chronic OSA could shorten AERP and lead to altered expression of important channel proteins, moreover, induce atrial structure remodeling by increased atrial apoptosis, fibrosis, and autonomic remodeling, eventually promoting the development of a substrate of AF. Our findings suggested that reversing atrial remodeling might be a potential therapeutic strategy for OSA-induced AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Yuan Y, Zhao J, Yan S, Wang D, Zhang S, Yun F, Zhao H, Sun L, Liu G, Ding X, Liu L, Li Y. Autophagy: a potential novel mechanistic contributor to atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172:492-4. [PMID: 24485634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fengxiang Yun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guangzhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Lương KVQ, Nguyen LTH. The role of Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers in Alzheimer's disease: potential genetic and cellular signaling mechanisms. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2013; 28:427-39. [PMID: 23689075 PMCID: PMC10852699 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513488924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
According to genetic studies, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to beta-adrenergic receptor blockade through numerous factors, including human leukocyte antigen genes, the renin-angiotensin system, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1, nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade is also implicated in AD due to its effects on matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade may also have a significant role in AD, although the role is controversial. Behavioral symptoms, sex, or genetic factors, including Beta 2-adrenergic receptor variants, apolipoprotein E, and cytochrome P450 CYP2D6, may contribute to beta-adrenergic receptor blockade modulation in AD. Thus, the characterization of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in patients with AD is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh vinh quoc Lương
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, Westminster, California, CA 92683, USA.
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Luong KVQ, Nguyen LTH. The role of β-adrenergic blockers in Parkinson's disease: possible genetic and cell-signaling mechanisms. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2013; 28:306-17. [PMID: 23695225 PMCID: PMC10852762 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513488919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have identified numerous factors linking β-adrenergic blockade to Parkinson's disease (PD), including human leukocyte antigen genes, the renin-angiotensin system, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1, nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. β-Adrenergic blockade has also been implicated in PD via its effects on matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase 2, and nitric oxide synthase. β-Adrenergic blockade may have a significant role in PD; therefore, the characterization of β-adrenergic blockade in patients with PD is needed.
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Wang Y, Liu J, Suo F, Hu HS, Xue M, Cheng WJ, Xuan YL, Yan SH. Metoprolol-Mediated Amelioration of Sympathetic Nerve Sprouting after Myocardial Infarction. Cardiology 2013; 126:50-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000351074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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quốc Lu’o’ng KV, Nguyễn LTH. The roles of beta-adrenergic receptors in tumorigenesis and the possible use of beta-adrenergic blockers for cancer treatment: possible genetic and cell-signaling mechanisms. Cancer Manag Res 2012; 4:431-45. [PMID: 23293538 PMCID: PMC3534394 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s39153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in the USA, and the incidence of cancer increases dramatically with age. Beta-adrenergic blockers appear to have a beneficial clinical effect in cancer patients. In this paper, we review the evidence of an association between β-adrenergic blockade and cancer. Genetic studies have provided the opportunity to determine which proteins link β-adrenergic blockade to cancer pathology. In particular, this link involves the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, the renin-angiotensin system, transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. Beta-adrenergic blockers also exert anticancer effects through non-genomic factors, including matrix metalloproteinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, β-adrenergic blockade may play a beneficial role in cancer treatment. Additional investigations that examine β-adrenergic blockers as cancer therapeutics are required to further elucidate this role.
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