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Zakrocka I, Kocki T, Urbańska E, Załuska W. Effects of Fenofibrate and Gemfibrozil on Kynurenic Acid Production in Rat Kidneys In Vitro: Old Drugs, New Properties. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2154. [PMID: 38004294 PMCID: PMC10672417 DOI: 10.3390/life13112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney dysfunction significantly increases the cardiovascular risk, even in cases of minor functional declines. Hypertriglyceridemia is the most common lipid abnormality reported in patients with kidney disorders. PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α) agonists called fibrates are the main agents used to lower triglyceride levels. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a tryptophan (Trp) derivative directly formed from L-kynurenine (L-KYN) by kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs). KYNA is classified as a uremic toxin, the level of which is correlated with kidney function impairments and lipid abnormalities. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the most commonly used triglyceride-lowering drugs, fenofibrate and gemfibrozil, on KYNA production and KAT activity in rat kidneys in vitro. The influence of fenofibrate and gemfibrozil on KYNA formation and KAT activity was tested in rat kidney homogenates in vitro. Fenofibrate and gemfibrozil at 100 µM-1 mM significantly inhibited KYNA synthesis in rat kidney homogenates. Both fibrates directly affected the KAT I and KAT II isoenzyme activities in a dose-dependent manner at similar concentrations. The presented results reveal the novel mechanism of action of fibrates in the kidneys and suggest their potential role in kidney function protection beyond the well-known anti-hyperlipidemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zakrocka
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kocki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (T.K.); (E.U.)
| | - Ewa Urbańska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (T.K.); (E.U.)
| | - Wojciech Załuska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
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2
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Hejazian SM, Ardalan M, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Rahbar Saadat Y, Barzegari A, Gueguen V, Meddahi-Pellé A, Anagnostou F, Zununi Vahed S, Pavon-Djavid G. Biofactors regulating mitochondrial function and dynamics in podocytes and podocytopathies. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2206-2227. [PMID: 37659096 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are terminally differentiated kidney cells acting as the main gatekeepers of the glomerular filtration barrier; hence, inhibiting proteinuria. Podocytopathies are classified as kidney diseases caused by podocyte damage. Different genetic and environmental risk factors can cause podocyte damage and death. Recent evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to podocyte damage. Understanding alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and function in podocytopathies and whether altered mitochondrial homeostasis/dynamics is a cause or effect of podocyte damage are issues that need in-depth studies. This review highlights the roles of mitochondria and their bioenergetics in podocytes. Then, factors/signalings that regulate mitochondria in podocytes are discussed. After that, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed in podocyte injury and the development of different podocytopathies. Finally, the mitochondrial therapeutic targets are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Anne Meddahi-Pellé
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Fani Anagnostou
- Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 7052 INSERM U1271, B3OA, Paris, France
| | | | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
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3
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Carrasco AG, Izquierdo-Lahuerta A, Valverde ÁM, Ni L, Flores-Salguero E, Coward RJ, Medina-Gómez G. The protective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in lipotoxic podocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159329. [PMID: 37156296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells that maintain the glomerular filtration barrier. These cells are susceptible to lipotoxicity in the obese state and irreversibly lost during kidney disease leading to proteinuria and renal injury. PPARγ is a nuclear receptor whose activation can be renoprotective. This study examined the role of PPARγ in the lipotoxic podocyte using a PPARγ knockout (PPARγKO) cell line and since the activation of PPARγ by Thiazolidinediones (TZD) is limited by their side effects, it explored other alternative therapies to prevent podocyte lipotoxic damage. Wild-type and PPARγKO podocytes were exposed to the fatty acid palmitic acid (PA) and treated with the TZD (Pioglitazone) and/or the Retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist Bexarotene (BX). It revealed that podocyte PPARγ is essential for podocyte function. PPARγ deletion reduced key podocyte proteins including podocin and nephrin while increasing basal levels of oxidative and ER stress causing apoptosis and cell death. A combination therapy of low-dose TZD and BX activated both the PPARγ and RXR receptors reducing PA-induced podocyte damage. This study confirms the crucial role of PPARγ in podocyte biology and that their activation in combination therapy of TZD and BX may be beneficial in the treatment of obesity-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena G Carrasco
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Avda. de Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Izquierdo-Lahuerta
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Avda. de Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBER-dem), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; MEMORISM Research Unit of University Rey Juan Carlos-Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lan Ni
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elena Flores-Salguero
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Avda. de Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard J Coward
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Avda. de Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; MEMORISM Research Unit of University Rey Juan Carlos-Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Bryant C, Webb A, Banks AS, Chandler D, Govindarajan R, Agrawal S. Alternatively Spliced Landscape of PPARγ mRNA in Podocytes Is Distinct from Adipose Tissue. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213455. [PMID: 36359851 PMCID: PMC9653906 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells, and their structural and functional integrity is compromised in a majority of glomerular and renal diseases, leading to proteinuria, chronic kidney disease, and kidney failure. Traditional agonists (e.g., pioglitazone) and selective modulators (e.g., GQ-16) of peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-γ (PPARγ) reduce proteinuria in animal models of glomerular disease and protect podocytes from injury via PPARγ activation. This indicates a pivotal role for PPARγ in maintaining glomerular function through preservation of podocytes distinct from its well-understood role in driving insulin sensitivity and adipogenesis. While its transcriptional role in activating adipokines and adipogenic genes is well-established in adipose tissue, liver and muscle, understanding of podocyte PPARγ signaling remains limited. We performed a comprehensive analysis of PPARγ mRNA variants due to alternative splicing, in human podocytes and compared with adipose tissue. We found that podocytes express the ubiquitous PPARγ Var 1 (encoding γ1) and not Var2 (encoding γ2), which is mostly restricted to adipose tissue and liver. Additionally, we detected expression at very low level of Var4, and barely detectable levels of other variants, Var3, Var11, VartORF4 and Var9, in podocytes. Furthermore, a distinct podocyte vs. adipocyte PPAR-promoter-response-element containing gene expression, enrichment and pathway signature was observed, suggesting differential regulation by podocyte specific PPARγ1 variant, distinct from the adipocyte-specific γ2 variant. In summary, podocytes and glomeruli express several PPARγ variants, including Var1 (γ1) and excluding adipocyte-specific Var2 (γ2), which may have implications in podocyte specific signaling and pathophysiology. This suggests that that new selective PPARγ modulators can be potentially developed that will be able to distinguish between the two forms, γ1 and γ2, thus forming a basis of novel targeted therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bryant
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alexander S. Banks
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dawn Chandler
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disease, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Translational Therapeutics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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Bryant C, Rask G, Waller AP, Webb A, Galdino-Pitta MR, Amato AA, Cianciolo R, Govindarajan R, Becknell B, Kerlin BA, Neves FA, Fornoni A, Agrawal S. Selective modulator of nuclear receptor PPARγ with reduced adipogenic potential ameliorates experimental nephrotic syndrome. iScience 2022; 25:104001. [PMID: 35310946 PMCID: PMC8927998 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular disease manifests as nephrotic syndrome (NS) with high proteinuria and comorbidities, and is frequently refractory to standard treatments. We hypothesized that a selective modulator of PPARγ, GQ-16, will provide therapeutic advantage over traditional PPARγ agonists for NS treatment. We demonstrate in a pre-clinical NS model that proteinuria is reduced with pioglitazone to 64%, and robustly with GQ-16 to 81% of nephrosis, comparable to controls. Although both GQ-16 and pioglitazone restore glomerular-Nphs1, hepatic-Pcsk9 and serum-cholesterol, only GQ-16 restores glomerular-Nrf2, and reduces hypoalbuminemia and hypercoagulopathy. GQ-16 and pioglitazone restore common and distinct glomerular gene expression analyzed by RNA-seq and induce insulin sensitizing adipokines to various degrees. Pioglitazone but not GQ-16 induces more lipid accumulation and aP2 in adipocytes and white adipose tissue. We conclude that selective modulation of PPARγ by a partial agonist, GQ-16, is more advantageous than pioglitazone in reducing proteinuria, NS associated comorbidities, and adipogenic side effects of full PPARγ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bryant
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Galen Rask
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda P. Waller
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marina R. Galdino-Pitta
- Laboratory of Design and Drug Synthesis, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Angelica A. Amato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rachel Cianciolo
- Deptartment of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bryce A. Kerlin
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Francisco A.R. Neves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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6
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Matoba K, Takeda Y, Nagai Y, Sekiguchi K, Ukichi R, Takahashi H, Aizawa D, Ikegami M, Tachibana T, Kawanami D, Kanazawa Y, Yokota T, Utsunomiya K, Nishimura R. ROCK2-induced metabolic rewiring in diabetic podocytopathy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:341. [PMID: 35396346 PMCID: PMC8993857 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of podocytes is a common feature of diabetic renal injury and a key contributor to the development of albuminuria. We found that podocyte Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) is activated in rodent models and patients with diabetes. Mice that lacked ROCK2 only in podocytes (PR2KO) were resistant to albuminuria, glomerular fibrosis, and podocyte loss in multiple animal models of diabetes (i.e., streptozotocin injection, db/db, and high-fat diet feeding). RNA-sequencing of ROCK2-null podocytes provided initial evidence suggesting ROCK2 as a regulator of cellular metabolism. In particular, ROCK2 serves as a suppressor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα), which rewires cellular programs to negatively control the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and consequently induce podocyte apoptosis. These data establish ROCK2 as a nodal regulator of podocyte energy homeostasis and suggest this signaling pathway as a promising target for the treatment of diabetic podocytopathy. ROCK2 is found to be activated in 3 diabetic models and patients with diabetes. ROCK2 deletion in podocytes protects against diabetic kidney injury, with the beneficial effect of ROCK2 inhibition observed due to rescued PPARα signaling, leading to a recovery of fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Matoba
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Takeda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nagai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kensuke Sekiguchi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Rikako Ukichi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aizawa
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikegami
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tachibana
- Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kanazawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yokota
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Center for Preventive Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Rimei Nishimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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7
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Wang X, Xiang J, Huang G, Kang L, Yang G, Wu H, Jiang K, Liang Z, Yang S. Inhibition of Podocytes DPP4 Activity Is a Potential Mechanism of Lobeliae Chinensis Herba in Treating Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:779652. [PMID: 34950037 PMCID: PMC8688925 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.779652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, an emerging drug for the treatment of diabetes, have been found to have renoprotective effects in addition to glucose-lowering effects and therefore have the potential to be a treatment modality for DKD. Lobeliae Chinensis Herba (LCH), a traditional Chinese herb widely used in the treatment of diabetes, has recently been found to have a hypoglycaemic mechanism related to the inhibition of DPP4. Firstly, analysis of single-cell sequencing data from mouse kidneys in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database revealed that DPP4 was specifically upregulated in DKD podocytes and was associated with podocyte proliferation. Subsequently, the network pharmacology approach was applied to the screening of compounds. Twelve LCH active ingredients targeting DPP4 were extracted from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. In addition, these 12 compounds and DPP4 were molecularly docked to predict the probability of them affecting DPP4 activity. In vitro, Quercetin, Methyl rosmarinate, Kaempferol, Diosmetin and Acacetin were demonstrated to retard podocyte proliferation by inhibiting DPP4 activity and were the top five compounds predicted by molecular docking to be the most likely to affect DPP4 activity. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the five compounds for DPP4 activity were as follows. Acacetin Log IC50 = −8.349, 95%CI (−9.266, −7.265), Diosmtrin Log IC50 = −8.419, 95%CI (−8.889, −7.950), Log IC50 = −8.349, 95%CI (−9.266, −7.265), Methyl rosmarinate Log IC50 = −8.415, 95%CI (−8.751, −8.085), Kaempferol Log IC50 = −8.297, 95%CI (−9.001, −7.615), Quercetin Log IC50 = −8.864, 95%CI (−9.107, −8.615). Finally, Quercetin, Methyl rosmarinate, Kaempferol, Diosmetin and Acacetin qualified for pharmacokinetic and drug similarity screening and have the potential to be the most promising oral agents for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guixiao Huang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangyan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kewei Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Qu H, Gong X, Liu X, Zhang R, Wang Y, Huang B, Zhang L, Zheng H, Zheng Y. Deficiency of Mitochondrial Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Exacerbates Podocyte Injury and the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes 2021; 70:1372-1387. [PMID: 33741719 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is essential for bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling and is compromised in diseases such as proteinuric kidney diseases, contributing to the global burden of kidney failure, cardiovascular morbidity, and death. The key cell type that prevents proteinuria is the terminally differentiated glomerular podocyte. In this study, we characterized the importance of mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH), located on the inner mitochondrial membrane, in regulating podocyte function and glomerular disease. Specifically, podocyte-dominated mGPDH expression was downregulated in the glomeruli of patients and mice with diabetic kidney disease and adriamycin nephropathy. Podocyte-specific depletion of mGPDH in mice exacerbated diabetes- or adriamycin-induced proteinuria, podocyte injury, and glomerular pathology. RNA sequencing revealed that mGPDH regulated the receptor for the advanced glycation end product (RAGE) signaling pathway, and inhibition of RAGE or its ligand, S100A10, protected against the impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and increased reactive oxygen species generation caused by mGPDH knockdown in cultured podocytes. Moreover, RAGE deletion in podocytes attenuated nephropathy progression in mGPDH-deficient diabetic mice. Rescue of podocyte mGPDH expression in mice with established glomerular injury significantly improved their renal function. In summary, our study proposes that activation of mGPDH induces mitochondrial biogenesis and reinforces mitochondrial function, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for preventing podocyte injury and proteinuria in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiufei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuren Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bangliang Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Nuclear receptors have a broad spectrum of biological functions in normal physiology and in the pathology of various diseases, including glomerular disease. The primary therapies for many glomerular diseases are glucocorticoids, which exert their immunosuppressive and direct podocyte protective effects via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). As glucocorticoids are associated with important adverse effects and a substantial proportion of patients show resistance to these therapies, the beneficial effects of selective GR modulators are now being explored. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonism using thiazolidinediones has potent podocyte cytoprotective and nephroprotective effects. Repurposing of thiazolidinediones or identification of novel PPARγ modulators are potential strategies to treat non-diabetic glomerular disease. Retinoic acid receptor-α is the key mediator of the renal protective effects of retinoic acid, and repair of the endogenous retinoic acid pathway offers another potential therapeutic strategy for glomerular disease. Vitamin D receptor, oestrogen receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor modulators regulate podocyte injury in experimental models. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of these nuclear receptors, evaluate their synergistic pathways and identify their novel modulators. Here, we focus on the role of nuclear receptors in podocyte biology and non-diabetic glomerular disease.
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10
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Arif E, Solanki AK, Srivastava P, Rahman B, Fitzgibbon WR, Deng P, Budisavljevic MN, Baicu CF, Zile MR, Megyesi J, Janech MG, Kwon SH, Collier J, Schnellmann RG, Nihalani D. Mitochondrial biogenesis induced by the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist formoterol accelerates podocyte recovery from glomerular injury. Kidney Int 2019; 96:656-673. [PMID: 31262488 PMCID: PMC6708766 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes have limited ability to recover from injury. Here, we demonstrate that increased mitochondrial biogenesis, to meet the metabolic and energy demand of a cell, accelerates podocyte recovery from injury. Analysis of events induced during podocyte injury and recovery showed marked upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a transcriptional co-activator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and key components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. To evaluate our hypothesis that increasing mitochondrial biogenesis enhanced podocyte recovery from injury, we treated injured podocytes with formoterol, a potent, specific, and long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist that induces mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Formoterol increased mitochondrial biogenesis and restored mitochondrial morphology and the injury-induced changes to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in podocytes. Importantly, β2-adrenergic receptors were found to be present on podocyte membranes. Their knockdown attenuated formoterol-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. To determine the potential clinical relevance of these findings, mouse models of acute nephrotoxic serum nephritis and chronic (Adriamycin [doxorubicin]) glomerulopathy were used. Mice were treated with formoterol post-injury when glomerular dysfunction was established. Strikingly, formoterol accelerated the recovery of glomerular function by reducing proteinuria and ameliorating kidney pathology. Furthermore, formoterol treatment reduced cellular apoptosis and increased the expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis marker PGC-1α and multiple electron transport chain proteins. Thus, our results support β2-adrenergic receptors as novel therapeutic targets and formoterol as a therapeutic compound for treating podocytopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Pankaj Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wayne R Fitzgibbon
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Peifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Milos N Budisavljevic
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael R Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Judit Megyesi
- John C McClelland VA Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Sang-Ho Kwon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Justin Collier
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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11
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Small DM, Sanchez WY, Roy SF, Morais C, Brooks HL, Coombes JS, Johnson DW, Gobe GC. N-acetyl-cysteine increases cellular dysfunction in progressive chronic kidney damage after acute kidney injury by dampening endogenous antioxidant responses. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F956-F968. [PMID: 29357409 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00057.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbate acute kidney injury (AKI), but their role in any associated progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. Antioxidant therapies often benefit AKI, but their benefits in CKD are controversial since clinical and preclinical investigations often conflict. Here we examined the influence of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function during AKI (20-min bilateral renal ischemia plus reperfusion/IR) and progression to chronic kidney pathologies in mice. NAC (5% in diet) was given to mice 7 days prior and up to 21 days post-IR (21d-IR). NAC treatment resulted in the following: prevented proximal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis at early IR (40-min postischemia), yet enhanced interstitial cell proliferation at 21d-IR; increased transforming growth factor-β1 expression independent of IR time; and significantly dampened nuclear factor-like 2-initiated cytoprotective signaling at early IR. In the long term, NAC enhanced cellular metabolic impairment demonstrated by increased peroxisome proliferator activator-γ serine-112 phosphorylation at 21d-IR. Intravital multiphoton microscopy revealed increased endogenous fluorescence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in cortical tubular epithelial cells during ischemia, and at 21d-IR that was not attenuated with NAC. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy demonstrated persistent metabolic impairment by increased free/bound NADH in the cortex at 21d-IR that was enhanced by NAC. Increased mitochondrial dysfunction in remnant tubular cells was demonstrated at 21d-IR by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester fluorimetry. In summary, NAC enhanced progression to CKD following AKI not only by dampening endogenous cellular antioxidant responses at time of injury but also by enhancing persistent kidney mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Small
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Washington Y Sanchez
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Sandrine F Roy
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Christudas Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - David W Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
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12
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13
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Platt C, Coward RJ. Peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-γ and the podocyte. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:423-433. [PMID: 27697843 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades it has become clear that the glomerular podocyte is a key cell in preventing albuminuria, kidney failure and cardiovascular morbidity. Understanding the key pathways that protect the podocyte in times of glomerular stress, which can also be therapeutically manipulated, are highly attractive. In the following review we assess the evidence that the peroxisome proliferator activating receptor (PPAR) agonists are beneficial for podocyte and kidney function with a focus on PPAR-γ. We explain our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of these agonists and the evidence they are beneficial in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease. We also outline why these drugs have not been widely used for kidney disease in the past but they may be in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard J Coward
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
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14
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Dose-dependent effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors β/δ agonist on systemic inflammation after haemorrhagic shock. Cytokine 2017; 103:127-132. [PMID: 28969938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PPARβ/δ agonists are known to modulate the systemic inflammatory response after sepsis. In this study, inflammation modulation effects of PPARβ/δ are investigated using the selective PPARβ/δ agonist (GW0742) in a model of haemorrhagic shock (HS)-induced sterile systemic inflammation. METHODS Blood pressure-controlled (35±5mmHg) HS was performed in C57/BL6 mice for 90min. Low-dose GW0742 (0.03mg/kg/BW) and high-dose GW0742 (0.3mg/kg/BW) were then administered at the beginning of resuscitation. Mice were sacrificed 6h after induction of HS. Plasma levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TNFα, KC, MCP-1, and GM-CSF were determined by ELISA. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in pulmonary and liver tissues was analysed with standardised MPO kits. RESULTS In mice treated with high-dose GW0742, plasma levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were significantly increased compared to the control group mice. When compared to mice treated with low-dose GW0742 plasma levels of IL-6, IL-1β, GM-CSF, KC, and MCP-1 were significantly elevated in high-dose-treated mice. Low-dose GW0742 treatment was associated with a non-significant downtrend of inflammatory factors in mice with HS. No significant changes of MPO activity in lung and liver were observed between the control group and the GW0742 treatment groups. CONCLUSION This study identified dose-dependent effects of GW0742 on systemic inflammation after HS. While high-dose GW0742 substantially enhanced the systemic inflammatory response, low-dose GW0742 led to a downtrend of pro-inflammation cytokine expression. The exact mechanisms are yet unknown and need to be assessed in further studies.
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15
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Xu Y, Yao J, Zou C, Zhang H, Zhang S, Liu J, Ma G, Jiang P, Zhang W. Asiatic acid protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by inactivation of Kupffer cells via PPARγ/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86339-86355. [PMID: 29156799 PMCID: PMC5689689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) contributes to major complications in clinical practice affecting perioperative morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests the key role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammaosme activation on the pathogenesis of I/R injury. Asiatic acid (AA) is a pentacyclic triterpene derivative presented with versatile activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation and hepatoprotective effects. This study was designed to determine whether AA had potential hepatoprotective benefits against hepatic I/R injury, as well as to unveil the underlying mechanisms involved in the putative effects. Mice subjected to warm hepatic I/R, and Kupffer cells (KCs) or RAW264.7 cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/H2O2, were pretreated with AA. Administration of AA significantly attenuated hepatic histopathological damage, global inflammatory level, apoptotic signaling level, as well as NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These effects were correlated with increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of PPARγ by GW9662 abolished the protective effects of AA on hepatic I/R injury and in turn aggravated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was most significant in nonparenchymal cells (NPCs). Depletion of KCs by gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) further attenuated the detrimental effects of GW9662 on hepatic I/R as well as NLRP3 activation. In vitro, AA concentration-dependently inhibited LPS/H2O2-induced NLRP3 inflammaosome activation in KCs and RAW264.7 cells. Either GW9662 or genetic knockdown of PPARγ abolished the AA-mediated inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Mechanistically, AA attenuated I/R or LPS/H2O2-induced ROS production and phosphorylation level of JNK, p38 MAPK and IκBα but not ERK, a mechanism dependent on PPARγ. Finally, AA blocked the deleterious effects of LPS/H2O2-induced macrophage activation on hepatocyte viability in vitro, and improved survival in a lethal hepatic I/R injury model in vivo. Collectively, these data suggest that AA is effective in mitigating hepatic I/R injury through attenuation of KCs activation via PPARγ/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shouliang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Gui Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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16
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Miglio G, Vitarelli G, Klein T, Benetti E. Effects of linagliptin on human immortalized podocytes: a cellular system to study dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibition. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:809-821. [PMID: 28177527 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) is expressed by resident renal cells, including glomerular cells. DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins) exert albuminuria lowering effects, but the role of renal DPP4 as a pharmacological target has not been elucidated. To better understand the actions of gliptins, the effects of linagliptin on the behaviour of immortalized human podocytes and mesangial cells were evaluated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The expression of DPP4 was measured at both the mRNA and protein levels. The effects of linagliptin on DPP4 activity, cell growth and cell cycle progression were determined. The contribution of the stromal cell-derived factor-1- CXCR4/CXCR7 signalling pathways was evaluated by studying the effects of AMD3100 (a CXCR4 antagonist and CXCR7 agonist) alone and in combination with linagliptin. The contribution of ERK1/2 activation was analysed by studying the effects of the MAPK kinase 1/2 inhibitor AZD6244. KEY RESULTS DPP4 was highly expressed in podocytes. The activity of DPP4 and podocyte growth were reduced by linagliptin. The effects of sitagliptin on podocyte growth were similar to those of linagliptin, were associated with inhibition of cell proliferation and mimicked by AMD3100. Moreover, linagliptin and AMD3100 were found to have a synergistic interaction, whereas no interaction was seen between linagliptin and AZD6244. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our cultures of human glomerular cells represent a reliable system for investigating the actions of gliptins. Moreover, DPP4 contributes to the regulation of podocyte behaviour. Inhibition of DPP4 in podocytes could underlie the effects of linagliptin on glomerular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Miglio
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Vitarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Thomas Klein
- Department of Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
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17
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Histamine type 1-receptor activation by low dose of histamine undermines human glomerular slit diaphragm integrity. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:27-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Agrawal S, Chanley MA, Westbrook D, Nie X, Kitao T, Guess AJ, Benndorf R, Hidalgo G, Smoyer WE. Pioglitazone Enhances the Beneficial Effects of Glucocorticoids in Experimental Nephrotic Syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24392. [PMID: 27142691 PMCID: PMC4855145 DOI: 10.1038/srep24392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are the primary therapy for nephrotic syndrome (NS), but have serious side effects and are ineffective in ~20-50% of patients. Thiazolidinediones have recently been suggested to be renoprotective, and to modulate podocyte glucocorticoid-mediated nuclear receptor signaling. We hypothesized that thiazolidinediones could enhance glucocorticoid efficacy in NS. We found that puromycin aminonucleoside-induced proteinuria in rats was significantly reduced by both high-dose glucocorticoids (79%) and pioglitazone (61%), but not low-dose glucocorticoids (25%). Remarkably, pioglitazone + low-dose glucocorticoids also reduced proteinuria (63%) comparably to high-dose glucocorticoids, whereas pioglitazone + high-dose glucocorticoids reduced proteinuria to almost control levels (97%). Molecular analysis revealed that both glucocorticoids and pioglitazone enhanced glomerular synaptopodin and nephrin expression, and reduced COX-2 expression, after injury. Furthermore, the glomerular phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptor and Akt, but not PPARγ, correlated with treatment-induced reductions in proteinuria. Notably, clinical translation of these findings to a child with refractory NS by the addition of pioglitazone to the treatment correlated with marked reductions in both proteinuria (80%) and overall immunosuppression (64%). These findings together suggest that repurposing pioglitazone could potentially enhance the proteinuria-reducing effects of glucocorticoids during NS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M A Chanley
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Westbrook
- James and Connie Maynard Children's Hospital, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - X Nie
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Kitao
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A J Guess
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R Benndorf
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - G Hidalgo
- James and Connie Maynard Children's Hospital, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - W E Smoyer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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19
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Ding XQ, Gu TT, Wang W, Song L, Chen TY, Xue QC, Zhou F, Li JM, Kong LD. Curcumin protects against fructose-induced podocyte insulin signaling impairment through upregulation of miR-206. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2355-70. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Lin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Chu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
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20
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Li Y, Shen Y, Li M, Su D, Xu W, Liang X, Li R. Inhibitory effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists on collagen IV production in podocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 405:233-41. [PMID: 25920446 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists have beneficial effects on the kidney diseases through preventing microalbuminuria and glomerulosclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be fully understood. In this study, we investigate the effects of PPAR-γ agonist, rosiglitazone (Rosi) and pioglitazone (Pio), on collagen IV production in mouse podocytes. The endogenous expression of PPAR-γ was found in the primary podocytes and can be upregulated by Rosi and Pio, respectively, detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. PPAR-γ agonist markedly blunted the increasing of collagen IV expression and extraction in podocytes induced by TGF-β. In contrast, adding PPAR-γ antagonist, GW9662, to podocytes largely prevented the inhibition of collagen IV expression from Pio treatment. Our data also showed that phosphorylation of Smad2/3 enhanced by TGF-β in a time-dependent manner was significantly attenuated by adding Pio. The promoter region of collagen IV gene contains one putative consensus sequence of Smad-binding element (SBE) by promoter analysis, Rosi and Pio significantly ameliorated TGF-β-induced SBE4-luciferase activity. In conclusion, PPAR-γ activation by its agonist, Rosi or Pio, in vitro directly inhibits collagen IV expression and synthesis in primary mouse podocytes. The suppression of collagen IV production was related to the inhibition of TGF-β-driven phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and decreased response activity of SBEs of collagen IV in PPAR-γ agonist-treated mouse podocytes. This represents a novel mechanistic support regarding PPAR-γ agonists as podocyte protective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China
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21
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Small DM, Morais C, Coombes JS, Bennett NC, Johnson DW, Gobe GC. Oxidative stress-induced alterations in PPAR-γ and associated mitochondrial destabilization contribute to kidney cell apoptosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F814-22. [PMID: 25122050 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00205.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism(s) underlying renoprotection by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonists in diabetic and nondiabetic kidney disease are not well understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to kidney disease. PPAR-γ upregulates proteins required for mitochondrial biogenesis. Our aim was to determine whether PPAR-γ has a role in protecting the kidney proximal tubular epithelium (PTE) against mitochondrial destabilisation and oxidative stress. HK-2 PTE cells were subjected to oxidative stress (0.2-1.0 mM H₂O₂) for 2 and 18 h and compared with untreated cells for apoptosis, mitosis (morphology/biomarkers), cell viability (MTT), superoxide (dihydroethidium), mitochondrial function (MitoTracker red and JC-1), ATP (luminescence), and mitochondrial ultrastructure. PPAR-γ, phospho-PPAR-γ, PPAR-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, Parkin (Park2), p62, and light chain (LC)3β were investigated using Western blots. PPAR-γ was modulated using the agonists rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, and troglitazone. Mitochondrial destabilization increased with H₂O₂concentration, ATP decreased (2 and 18 h; P < 0.05), Mitotracker red and JC-1 fluorescence indicated loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and superoxide increased (18 h, P < 0.05). Electron microscopy indicated sparse mitochondria, with disrupted cristae. Mitophagy was evident at 2 h (Park2 and LC3β increased; p62 decreased). Impaired mitophagy was indicated by p62 accumulation at 18 h (P < 0.05). PPAR-γ expression decreased, phospho-PPAR-γ increased, and PGC-1α decreased (2 h), indicating aberrant PPAR-γ activation and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis. Cell viability decreased (2 and 18 h, P < 0.05). PPAR-γ agonists promoted further apoptosis. In summary, oxidative stress promoted mitochondrial destabilisation in kidney PTE, in association with increased PPAR-γ phosphorylation. PPAR-γ agonists failed to protect PTE. Despite positive effects in other tissues, PPAR-γ activation appears to be detrimental to kidney PTE health when oxidative stress induces damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Small
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christudas Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - David W Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
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22
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Albumin-induced podocyte injury and protection are associated with regulation of COX-2. Kidney Int 2014; 86:1150-60. [PMID: 24918154 PMCID: PMC4245399 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Albuminuria is both a hallmark and a risk factor for progressive glomerular disease, and results in increased exposure of podocytes to serum albumin with its associated factors. Here in vivo and in vitro models of serum albumin overload were used to test the hypothesis that albumin-induced proteinuria and podocyte injury directly correlate with COX-2 induction. Albumin induced COX-2, MCP-1, CXCL1 and the stress protein HSP25 in both rat glomeruli and cultured podocytes, while B7-1 and HSP70i were also induced in podocytes. Podocyte exposure to albumin induced both mRNA and protein and enhanced the mRNA stability of COX-2, a key regulator of renal hemodynamics and inflammation, which renders podocytes susceptible to injury. Podocyte exposure to albumin also stimulated several kinases (p38 MAPK, MK2, JNK/SAPK and ERK1/2), inhibitors of which (except JNK/SAPK) down-regulated albumin-induced COX-2. Inhibition of AMPK, PKC and NFκB also down-regulated albumin-induced COX-2. Critically, albumin-induced COX-2 was also inhibited by glucocorticoids and thiazolidinediones, both of which directly protect podocytes against injury. Furthermore, specific albumin-associated fatty acids were identified as important contributors to COX-2 induction, podocyte injury and proteinuria. Thus, COX-2 is associated with podocyte injury during albuminuria, as well as with the known podocyte protection imparted by glucocorticoids and thiazolidinediones. Moreover, COX-2 induction, podocyte damage and albuminuria appear mediated largely by serum albumin-associated fatty acids.
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An update on the pathomechanisms and future therapies of Alport syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2013; 28:1025-36. [PMID: 22903660 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-012-2272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alport Syndrome (AS) is an inherited progressive disease that is caused by mutations of the genes encoding the key collagen chains, α3, α4, and α5, which are necessary for the composition of collagen type IV to form a robust glomerular basement membrane (GBM), capable of withstanding the significant biomechanical strain to which the glomerulus is subjected. Progressive loss of the filtration barrier allows excessive proteinuria, which ultimately leads to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The evidence for a beneficial renoprotective effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is well established in AS and recent evidence has shown that it can significantly delay the time to onset of renal replacement therapy and ESKD. Future potential treatments of AS disease progression are evaluated in this review.
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