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Yen HC, Hsu CT, Wu SY, Kan CC, Chang CW, Chang HM, Chien YA, Wei YH, Wu CY. Alterations in coenzyme Q 10 status in a cybrid line harboring the 3243A>G mutation of mitochondrial DNA is associated with abnormal mitochondrial bioenergetics and dysregulated mitochondrial biogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149492. [PMID: 38960080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, including the m.3243A>G mutation that causes mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), are associated with secondary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency. We previously demonstrated that PPARGC1A knockdown repressed the expression of PDSS2 and several COQ genes. In the present study, we compared the mitochondrial function, CoQ10 status, and levels of PDSS and COQ proteins and genes between mutant cybrids harboring the m.3243A>G mutation and wild-type cybrids. Decreased mitochondrial energy production, defective respiratory function, and reduced CoQ10 levels were observed in the mutant cybrids. The ubiquinol-10:ubiquinone-10 ratio was lower in the mutant cybrids, indicating blockage of the electron transfer upstream of CoQ, as evident from the reduced ratio upon rotenone treatment and increased ratio upon antimycin A treatment in 143B cells. The mutant cybrids exhibited downregulation of PDSS2 and several COQ genes and upregulation of COQ8A. In these cybrids, the levels of PDSS2, COQ3-a isoform, COQ4, and COQ9 were reduced, whereas those of COQ3-b and COQ8A were elevated. The mutant cybrids had repressed PPARGC1A expression, elevated ATP5A levels, and reduced levels of mtDNA-encoded proteins, nuclear DNA-encoded subunits of respiratory enzyme complexes, MNRR1, cytochrome c, and DHODH, but no change in TFAM, TOM20, and VDAC1 levels. Alterations in the CoQ10 level in MELAS may be associated with mitochondrial energy deficiency and abnormal gene regulation. The finding of a reduction in the ubiquinol-10:ubiquinone-10 ratio in the MELAS mutant cybrids differs from our previous discovery that cybrids harboring the m.8344A>G mutation exhibit a high ubiquinol-10:ubiquinone-10 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chuan Yen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Tzu Hsu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yu Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Kan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ming Chang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chien
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Liu L, Yang J, Otani Y, Shiga T, Yamaguchi A, Oda Y, Hattori M, Goto T, Ishibashi S, Kawashima-Sonoyama Y, Ishihara T, Matsuzaki Y, Akamatsu W, Fujitani M, Taketani T. MELAS-Derived Neurons Functionally Improve by Mitochondrial Transfer from Highly Purified Mesenchymal Stem Cells (REC). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17186. [PMID: 38139018 PMCID: PMC10742994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episode (MELAS) syndrome, caused by a single base substitution in mitochondrial DNA (m.3243A>G), is one of the most common maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases accompanied by neuronal damage due to defects in the oxidative phosphorylation system. There is no established treatment. Our previous study reported a superior restoration of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in mitochondria-deficient cells using highly purified mesenchymal stem cells (RECs). However, whether such exogenous mitochondrial donation occurs in mitochondrial disease models and whether it plays a role in the recovery of pathological neuronal functions is unknown. Here, utilizing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), we differentiated neurons with impaired mitochondrial function from patients with MELAS. MELAS neurons and RECs/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured under contact or non-contact conditions. Both RECs and MSCs can donate mitochondria to MELAS neurons, but RECs are more excellent than MSCs for mitochondrial transfer in both systems. In addition, REC-mediated mitochondrial transfer significantly restored mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP/ROS production, intracellular calcium storage, and oxygen consumption rate. Moreover, mitochondrial function was maintained for at least three weeks. Thus, REC-donated exogenous mitochondria might offer a potential therapeutic strategy for treating neurological dysfunction in MELAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
| | - Jiahao Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
| | - Yoshinori Otani
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Takahiro Shiga
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.S.); (A.Y.); (W.A.)
| | - Akihiro Yamaguchi
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.S.); (A.Y.); (W.A.)
| | - Yasuaki Oda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
| | - Miho Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
| | - Tsukimi Goto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
- Clinical Laboratory Division, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ishibashi
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
| | - Yuki Kawashima-Sonoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
| | - Takaya Ishihara
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.S.); (A.Y.); (W.A.)
| | - Masashi Fujitani
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Takeshi Taketani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
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Averina OA, Kuznetsova SA, Permyakov OA, Sergiev PV. Animal Models of Mitochondrial Diseases Associated with Nuclear Gene Mutations. Acta Naturae 2023; 15:4-22. [PMID: 38234606 PMCID: PMC10790356 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.25442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) associated with nuclear gene mutations are part of a large group of inherited diseases caused by the suppression of energy metabolism. These diseases are of particular interest, because nuclear genes encode not only most of the structural proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), but also all the proteins involved in the OXPHOS protein import from the cytoplasm and their assembly in mitochondria. Defects in any of these proteins can lead to functional impairment of the respiratory chain, including dysfunction of complex I that plays a central role in cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, which is the most common cause of mitopathologies. Mitochondrial diseases are characterized by an early age of onset and a progressive course and affect primarily energy-consuming tissues and organs. The treatment of MDs should be initiated as soon as possible, but the diagnosis of mitopathologies is extremely difficult because of their heterogeneity and overlapping clinical features. The molecular pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases is investigated using animal models: i.e. animals carrying mutations causing MD symptoms in humans. The use of mutant animal models opens new opportunities in the study of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, as well as the molecular mechanisms of mitopathology development, which is necessary for improving diagnosis and developing approaches to drug therapy. In this review, we present the most recent information on mitochondrial diseases associated with nuclear gene mutations and animal models developed to investigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Averina
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - S. A. Kuznetsova
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - O. A. Permyakov
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - P. V. Sergiev
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
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Anitha A, Thanseem I, Iype M, Thomas SV. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cognitive neurodevelopmental disorders: Cause or effect? Mitochondrion 2023; 69:18-32. [PMID: 36621534 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a crucial role in brain development and neurogenesis, both in embryonic and adult brains. Since the brain is the highest energy consuming organ, it is highly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. This has been implicated in a range of brain disorders including, neurodevelopmental conditions, psychiatric illnesses, and neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and nuclear DNA encoding mitochondrial proteins, have been associated with several cognitive disorders. However, it is not yet clear whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary cause of these conditions or a secondary effect. Our review article deals with this topic, and brings out recent advances in mitochondria-oriented therapies. Mitochondrial dysfunction could be involved in the pathogenesis of a subset of disorders involving cognitive impairment. In these patients, mitochondrial dysfunction could be the cause of the condition, rather than the consequence. There are vast areas in this topic that remains to be explored and elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyappan Anitha
- Dept. of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India.
| | - Ismail Thanseem
- Dept. of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Mary Iype
- Dept. of Pediatric Neurology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 011, Kerala, India; Dept. of Neurology, ICCONS, Thiruvananthapuram 695 033, Kerala, India
| | - Sanjeev V Thomas
- Dept. of Neurology, ICCONS, Thiruvananthapuram 695 033, Kerala, India
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Tanitame K, Tanitame N. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy of the Brain in MELAS Syndrome. Chonnam Med J 2023; 59:100-101. [PMID: 36794245 PMCID: PMC9900216 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2023.59.1.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Tanitame
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Araki Neurosurgical Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuko Tanitame
- Department of Radiology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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Montanari A. In Vivo Analysis of Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitochondrial tRNA Mutants. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2497:243-254. [PMID: 35771446 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2309-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
I describe here a protocol for the analysis of mitochondrial protein synthesis as a useful tool to characterize the mitochondrial defects associated with mutations in mitochondrial tRNA genes. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants, bearing human equivalent pathogenic mutations, were used as a simple model for analysis. The mitochondrial proteins were labeled by L[35S]-methionine incorporation in growing cells, extracted from purified mitochondria, and fractionated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. By this method, it is possible to distinguish different protein synthesis profiles in the analyzed mitochondrial tRNA mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Montanari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Fan HC, Lee HF, Yue CT, Chi CS. Clinical Characteristics of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111111. [PMID: 34832987 PMCID: PMC8617702 DOI: 10.3390/life11111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome, a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder, is characterized by its genetic, biochemical and clinical complexity. The most common mutation associated with MELAS syndrome is the mtDNA A3243G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene encoding the mitochondrial tRNA-leu(UUR), which results in impaired mitochondrial translation and protein synthesis involving the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex subunits, leading to impaired mitochondrial energy production. Angiopathy, either alone or in combination with nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, further contributes to multi-organ involvement in MELAS syndrome. Management for MELAS syndrome is amostly symptomatic multidisciplinary approach. In this article, we review the clinical presentations, pathogenic mechanisms and options for management of MELAS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-C.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fen Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Tang Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-C.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Ching-Shiang Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-C.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-26581919-4301
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Klein Gunnewiek TM, Verboven AHA, Pelgrim I, Hogeweg M, Schoenmaker C, Renkema H, Beyrath J, Smeitink J, de Vries BBA, Hoen PBAC', Kozicz T, Nadif Kasri N. Sonlicromanol improves neuronal network dysfunction and transcriptome changes linked to m.3243A>G heteroplasmy in iPSC-derived neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2197-2212. [PMID: 34329596 PMCID: PMC8452519 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is often caused by an adenine to guanine variant at m.3243 (m.3243A>G) of the MT-TL1 gene. To understand how this pathogenic variant affects the nervous system, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into excitatory neurons with normal (low heteroplasmy) and impaired (high heteroplasmy) mitochondrial function from MELAS patients with the m.3243A>G pathogenic variant. We combined micro-electrode array (MEA) measurements with RNA sequencing (MEA-seq) and found reduced expression of genes involved in mitochondrial respiration and presynaptic function, as well as non-cell autonomous processes in co-cultured astrocytes. Finally, we show that the clinical phase II drug sonlicromanol can improve neuronal network activity when treatment is initiated early in development. This was intricately linked with changes in the neuronal transcriptome. Overall, we provide insight in transcriptomic changes in iPSC-derived neurons with high m.3243A>G heteroplasmy, and show the pathology is partially reversible by sonlicromanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun M Klein Gunnewiek
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomie, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk H A Verboven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands; Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Pelgrim
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands; Khondrion B.V., Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Hogeweg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Schoenmaker
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Bert B A de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Peter-Bram A C 't Hoen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomie, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 55905 Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 55905 Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
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Homma K, Toda E, Osada H, Nagai N, Era T, Tsubota K, Okano H, Ozawa Y. Taurine rescues mitochondria-related metabolic impairments in the patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the retinal pigment epithelium. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101921. [PMID: 33706170 PMCID: PMC7944050 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in various metabolic pathways, and their dysregulation results in multiple disorders, including aging-related diseases. However, the metabolic changes and mechanisms of mitochondrial disorders are not fully understood. Here, we found that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) showed attenuated proliferation and survival when glycolysis was inhibited. These deficits were rescued by taurine administration. Metabolomic analyses showed that the ratio of the reduced (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was decreased; whereas the levels of cysteine, a substrate of GSH, and oxidative stress markers were upregulated in MELAS iPSCs. Taurine normalized these changes, suggesting that MELAS iPSCs were affected by the oxidative stress and taurine reduced its influence. We also analyzed the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) differentiated from MELAS iPSCs by using a three-dimensional culture system and found that it showed epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was suppressed by taurine. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction caused metabolic changes, accumulation of oxidative stress that depleted GSH, and EMT in the RPE that could be involved in retinal pathogenesis. Because all these phenomena were sensitive to taurine treatment, we conclude that administration of taurine may be a potential new therapeutic approach for mitochondria-related retinal diseases. iPS cell lines were derived from a MELAS patient with the mtDNA A3243G mutation. Decreased proliferation and survival of MELAS iPSCs were rescued by taurine. Reduction in GSH/GSSG ratio in MELAS iPSCs was suppressed by taurine. EMT in MELAS iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium was suppressed by taurine. Oxidative stress markers in MELAS iPSCs and RPE were suppressed by taurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Homma
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eriko Toda
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideto Osada
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nagai
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan; St. Luke's International University, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
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10
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Povea-Cabello S, Villanueva-Paz M, Suárez-Rivero JM, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Villalón-García I, Talaverón-Rey M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Munuera-Cabeza M, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Advances in mt-tRNA Mutation-Caused Mitochondrial Disease Modeling: Patients' Brain in a Dish. Front Genet 2021; 11:610764. [PMID: 33510772 PMCID: PMC7835939 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.610764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders that can be caused by mutations in nuclear (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mutations in mtDNA are associated with several maternally inherited genetic diseases, with mitochondrial dysfunction as a main pathological feature. These diseases, although frequently multisystemic, mainly affect organs that require large amounts of energy such as the brain and the skeletal muscle. In contrast to the difficulty of obtaining neuronal and muscle cell models, the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has shed light on the study of mitochondrial diseases. However, it is still a challenge to obtain an appropriate cellular model in order to find new therapeutic options for people suffering from these diseases. In this review, we deepen the knowledge in the current models for the most studied mt-tRNA mutation-caused mitochondrial diseases, MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) and MERRF (myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers) syndromes, and their therapeutic management. In particular, we will discuss the development of a novel model for mitochondrial disease research that consists of induced neurons (iNs) generated by direct reprogramming of fibroblasts derived from patients suffering from MERRF syndrome. We hypothesize that iNs will be helpful for mitochondrial disease modeling, since they could mimic patient’s neuron pathophysiology and give us the opportunity to correct the alterations in one of the most affected cellular types in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan M Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Villalón-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Munuera-Cabeza
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
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11
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Riboflavin Deficiency-Implications for General Human Health and Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113847. [PMID: 32481712 PMCID: PMC7312377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential vitamin, the role of riboflavin in human diet and health is increasingly being highlighted. Insufficient dietary intake of riboflavin is often reported in nutritional surveys and population studies, even in non-developing countries with abundant sources of riboflavin-rich dietary products. A latent subclinical riboflavin deficiency can result in a significant clinical phenotype when combined with inborn genetic disturbances or environmental and physiological factors like infections, exercise, diet, aging and pregnancy. Riboflavin, and more importantly its derivatives, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), play a crucial role in essential cellular processes including mitochondrial energy metabolism, stress responses, vitamin and cofactor biogenesis, where they function as cofactors to ensure the catalytic activity and folding/stability of flavoenzymes. Numerous inborn errors of flavin metabolism and flavoenzyme function have been described, and supplementation with riboflavin has in many cases been shown to be lifesaving or to mitigate symptoms. This review discusses the environmental, physiological and genetic factors that affect cellular riboflavin status. We describe the crucial role of riboflavin for general human health, and the clear benefits of riboflavin treatment in patients with inborn errors of metabolism.
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López-Pérez JJ, Galán-Gutiérrez GM, Luna-Luna MA, Lancheros-Delgadillo DO. Síndrome MELAS en pediatría. Reporte de caso. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v68n2.71926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. El síndrome de encefalopatía mitocondrial, acidosis láctica y episodios similares a un accidente cerebrovascular (MELAS, por su sigla en inglés) es la enfermedad mitocondrial más frecuente. Estas patologías se caracterizan por ser hereditarias, multisistémicas y progresivas, y por causar un compromiso predominantemente neurológico que provoca discapacidad y mortalidad, por lo que el diagnóstico temprano y la consejería genética son de gran importancia para mejorar el pronóstico de estos pacientes.Presentación del caso. Paciente femenina de cinco años quien fue llevada a consulta al servicio de pediatría por crisis epiléptica, retraso psicomotor y ataxia. Aunque en la consulta inicial sus estudios de neuroimagen fueron normales, se observó hiperlactatemia. Además, se encontró una relación lactato/piruvato >20, por lo que se sospechó enfermedad mitocondrial.Seis meses después, la paciente presentó deterioro progresivo. Se realizó tomografía axial computarizada de cráneo y resonancia magnética por espectroscopia que permitieron identificar una lesión isquémica occipital y aumento del lactato cerebral, respectivamente. Para confirmar el diagnóstico de síndrome MELAS, se solicitó estudio de ADN mitocondrial, en el que se observó la mutación m.3243A>G. La paciente tuvo un rápido deterioro, presentando una involución de las capacidades adquiridas, y falleció a los cuatro años del inicio de los signos clínicos.Conclusión. Las enfermedades mitocondriales deben ser consideradas en pacientes con antecedentes de epilepsia y otras alteraciones neurológicas como ataxia e involución del neurodesarrollo.
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Villanueva-Paz M, Povea-Cabello S, Villalón-García I, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Suárez-Rivero JM, Talaverón-Rey M, Jackson S, Falcón-Moya R, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Parkin-mediated mitophagy and autophagy flux disruption in cellular models of MERRF syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165726. [PMID: 32061767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are considered rare genetic disorders characterized by defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). They can be provoked by mutations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). MERRF (Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged-Red Fibers) syndrome is one of the most frequent mitochondrial diseases, principally caused by the m.8344A>G mutation in mtDNA, which affects the translation of all mtDNA-encoded proteins and therefore impairs mitochondrial function. In the present work, we evaluated autophagy and mitophagy flux in transmitochondrial cybrids and fibroblasts derived from a MERRF patient, reporting that Parkin-mediated mitophagy is increased in MERRF cell cultures. Our results suggest that supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ), a component of the electron transport chain (ETC) and lipid antioxidant, prevents Parkin translocation to the mitochondria. In addition, CoQ acts as an enhancer of autophagy and mitophagy flux, which partially improves cell pathophysiology. The significance of Parkin-mediated mitophagy in cell survival was evaluated by silencing the expression of Parkin in MERRF cybrids. Our results show that mitophagy acts as a cell survival mechanism in mutant cells. To confirm these results in one of the main affected cell types in MERRF syndrome, mutant induced neurons (iNs) were generated by direct reprogramming of patients-derived skin fibroblasts. The treatment of MERRF iNs with Guttaquinon CoQ10 (GuttaQ), a water-soluble derivative of CoQ, revealed a significant improvement in cell bioenergetics. These results indicate that iNs, along with fibroblasts and cybrids, can be utilized as reliable cellular models to shed light on disease pathomechanisms as well as for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Irene Villalón-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Juan M Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Sandra Jackson
- Department of Neurology, Uniklinikum C. G. Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rafael Falcón-Moya
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Celular y Plasticidad, Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Celular y Plasticidad, Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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Zhang X, Zheng Y, Chen Z. Autophagy and Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1207:103-110. [PMID: 32671741 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are a group of disorders affecting skeletal muscles and brain. Although the symptoms vary among these disorders, mitochondrial DNA mutation or loss is the common characteristic. The abnormality of mitochondrial genome usually causes the dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory and even mitochondrial damage. As a critical way of degradation, attention has been paid to the involvement of autophagy in encephalomyopathies. Autophagy is found activated in these encephalomyopathies-relevant cells as a compensatory manner to eliminate these damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria. However, accumulating evidences indicate that autophagy is incompetent to clear them. The insufficient mitophagy may ultimately accelerate cell death. Here we discuss the involvement of autophagy in encephalomyopathies based on the current evidence. We further look into the future to rescue encephalomyopathies by regulating autophagy. Only five encephalomyopathies are included in this chapter due to the availability of evidence. Nevertheless, these encephalomyopathies share a variety of common features and autophagy may also be regulated in the other encephalomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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15
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Hu SY, Zhuang QQ, Qiu Y, Zhu XF, Yan QF. Cell models and drug discovery for mitochondrial diseases. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:449-456. [PMID: 31090270 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrion is a semi-autonomous organelle, important for cell energy metabolism, apoptosis, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Ca2+ homeostasis. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation is one of the primary factors in mitochondrial disorders. Though much progress has been made, there remain many difficulties in constructing cell models for mitochondrial diseases. This seriously restricts studies related to targeted drug discovery and the mechanism and therapy for such diseases. Here we summarize the characteristics of patient-specific immortalized lymphoblastoid cells, fibroblastoid cells, cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell lines, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived differentiation cells in the study of mitochondrial disorders, as well as offering discussion of roles and advances of these cell models, particularly in the screening of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Yi Hu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhuang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xu-Fen Zhu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing-Feng Yan
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
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16
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Creation of Cybrid Cultures Containing mtDNA Mutations m.12315G>A and m.1555G>A, Associated with Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090499. [PMID: 31540444 PMCID: PMC6770504 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a pilot creation of four cybrid cultures with high heteroplasmy level was performed using mitochondrial genome mutations m.12315G>A and m.1555G>A. According to data of our preliminary studies, the threshold heteroplasmy level of mutation m.12315G>A is associated with atherosclerosis. At the same time, for a mutation m.1555G>A, such a heteroplasmy level is associated with the absence of atherosclerosis. Cybrid cultures were created by fusion of rho0-cells and mitochondria from platelets with a high heteroplasmy level of the investigated mutations. To create rho0-cells, THP-1 culture of monocytic origin was taken. According to the results of the study, two cybrid cell lines containing mutation m.12315G>A with the heteroplasmy level above the threshold value (25% and 44%, respectively) were obtained. In addition, two cybrid cell lines containing mutation m.1555G>A with a high heteroplasmy level (24%) were obtained. Cybrid cultures with mtDNA mutation m.12315G>A can be used to model both the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis in cells and the titration of drug therapy for patients with atherosclerosis. With the help of cybrid cultures containing single nucleotide replacement of mitochondrial genome m.1555G>A, it is possible to develop approaches to the gene therapy of atherosclerosis.
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17
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Villanueva-Paz M, Povea-Cabello S, Villalón-García I, Suárez-Rivero JM, Álvarez-Córdoba M, de la Mata M, Talaverón-Rey M, Jackson S, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Pathophysiological characterization of MERRF patient-specific induced neurons generated by direct reprogramming. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:861-881. [PMID: 30797798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of rare heterogeneous genetic disorders caused by total or partial mitochondrial dysfunction. They can be caused by mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). MERRF (Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged-Red Fibers) syndrome is one of the most common mitochondrial disorders caused by point mutations in mtDNA. It is mainly caused by the m.8344A > G mutation in the tRNALys (UUR) gene of mtDNA (MT-TK gene). This mutation affects the translation of mtDNA encoded proteins; therefore, the assembly of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes is disrupted, leading to a reduced mitochondrial respiratory function. However, the molecular pathogenesis of MERRF syndrome remains poorly understood due to the lack of appropriate cell models, particularly in those cell types most affected in the disease such as neurons. Patient-specific induced neurons (iNs) are originated from dermal fibroblasts derived from different individuals carrying the particular mutation causing the disease. Therefore, patient-specific iNs can be used as an excellent cell model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying MERRF syndrome. Here we present for the first time the generation of iNs from MERRF dermal fibroblasts by direct reprograming, as well as a series of pathophysiological characterizations which can be used for testing the impact of a specific mtDNA mutation on neurons and screening for drugs that can correct the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Irene Villalón-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Juan M Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Sandra Jackson
- Department of Neurology, Uniklinikum C. G. Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
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18
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Dombi E, Mortiboys H, Poulton J. Modulating Mitophagy in Mitochondrial Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5597-5612. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170616101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases may result from mutations in the maternally-inherited mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) or from mutations in nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins.
Their bi-genomic nature makes mitochondrial diseases a very heterogeneous group of
disorders that can present at any age and can affect any type of tissue.
The autophagic-lysosomal degradation pathway plays an important role in clearing dysfunctional
and redundant mitochondria through a specific quality control mechanism termed mitophagy.
Mitochondria could be targeted for autophagic degradation for a variety of reasons including
basal turnover for recycling, starvation induced degradation, and degradation due to
damage. While the core autophagic machinery is highly conserved and common to most
pathways, the signaling pathways leading to the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria
are still not completely understood. Type 1 mitophagy due to nutrient starvation is dependent
on PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) for autophagosome formation but independent
of mitophagy proteins, PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) and Parkin. Whereas type 2
mitophagy that occurs due to damage is dependent on PINK1 and Parkin but does not require
PI3K.
Autophagy and mitophagy play an important role in human disease and hence could serve as
therapeutic targets for the treatment of mitochondrial as well as neurodegenerative disorders.
Therefore, we reviewed drugs that are known modulators of autophagy (AICAR and metformin)
and may affect this by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
Furthermore, we reviewed the data available on supplements, such as Coenzyme Q and
the quinone idebenone, that we assert rescue increased mitophagy in mitochondrial disease by
benefiting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Dombi
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Neuroscience Department, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Oxidative Insults and Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Promote Enhanced Autophagy and Mitophagy Compromising Cell Viability in Pluripotent Cell Model of Mitochondrial Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010065. [PMID: 30658448 PMCID: PMC6356288 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of mitochondria causes defects in oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering the activation of the cell death pathway that underlies the pathogenesis of aging and various diseases. The process of autophagy to degrade damaged cytoplasmic components as well as dysfunctional mitochondria is essential for ensuring cell survival. We analyzed the role of autophagy inpatient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells generated from fibroblasts of patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) with well-characterized mitochondrial DNA mutations and distinct OXPHOS defects. MELAS iPS cells recapitulated the pathogenesis of MELAS syndrome, and showed an increase of autophagy in comparison with its isogenic normal counterpart, whereas mitophagy is very scarce at the basal condition. Our results indicated that the existence of pathogenic mtDNA alone in mitochondrial disease was not sufficient to elicit the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Nonetheless, oxidative insults induced bulk macroautophagy with the accumulation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes upon marked elevation of ROS, overload of intracellular calcium, and robust depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, while mitochondria respiratory function was impaired and widespread mitophagy compromised cell viability. Collectively, our studies provide insights into the dysfunction of autophagy and activation of mitophagy contributing to the pathological mechanism of mitochondrial disease.
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Kuszak AJ, Espey MG, Falk MJ, Holmbeck MA, Manfredi G, Shadel GS, Vernon HJ, Zolkipli-Cunningham Z. Nutritional Interventions for Mitochondrial OXPHOS Deficiencies: Mechanisms and Model Systems. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 13:163-191. [PMID: 29099651 PMCID: PMC5911915 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multisystem metabolic disorders caused by defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are severe, often lethal, conditions. Inborn errors of OXPHOS function are termed primary mitochondrial disorders (PMDs), and the use of nutritional interventions is routine in their supportive management. However, detailed mechanistic understanding and evidence for efficacy and safety of these interventions are limited. Preclinical cellular and animal model systems are important tools to investigate PMD metabolic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. This review assesses the mechanistic rationale and experimental evidence for nutritional interventions commonly used in PMDs, including micronutrients, metabolic agents, signaling modifiers, and dietary regulation, while highlighting important knowledge gaps and impediments for randomized controlled trials. Cellular and animal model systems that recapitulate mutations and clinical manifestations of specific PMDs are evaluated for their potential in determining pathological mechanisms, elucidating therapeutic health outcomes, and investigating the value of nutritional interventions for mitochondrial disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA;
| | - Michael Graham Espey
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA;
| | - Marni J Falk
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Marissa A Holmbeck
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-8023, USA;
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-8023, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8023, USA;
| | - Hilary J Vernon
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;
| | - Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
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21
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Nissanka N, Moraes CT. Mitochondrial DNA damage and reactive oxygen species in neurodegenerative disease. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:728-742. [PMID: 29281123 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles within the cell where most ATP is produced through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). A subset of the genes needed for this process are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). One consequence of OXPHOS is the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose role in mediating cellular damage, particularly in damaging mtDNA during ageing, has been controversial. There are subsets of neurons that appear to be more sensitive to ROS-induced damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge in the field of mtDNA and neurodegeneration, the debate about ROS as a pathological or beneficial contributor to neuronal function, bona fide mtDNA diseases, and insights from mouse models of mtDNA defects affecting the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadee Nissanka
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
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Panozzo C, Laleve A, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Ostojić J, Sellem CH, Friocourt G, Bourand-Plantefol A, Burg A, Delahodde A, Blondel M, Dujardin G. Chemicals or mutations that target mitochondrial translation can rescue the respiratory deficiency of yeast bcs1 mutants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2297-2307. [PMID: 28888990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bcs1p is a chaperone that is required for the incorporation of the Rieske subunit within complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mutations in the human gene BCS1L (BCS1-like) are the most frequent nuclear mutations resulting in complex III-related pathologies. In yeast, the mimicking of some pathogenic mutations causes a respiratory deficiency. We have screened chemical libraries and found that two antibiotics, pentamidine and clarithromycin, can compensate two bcs1 point mutations in yeast, one of which is the equivalent of a mutation found in a human patient. As both antibiotics target the large mtrRNA of the mitoribosome, we focused our analysis on mitochondrial translation. We found that the absence of non-essential translation factors Rrf1 or Mif3, which act at the recycling/initiation steps, also compensates for the respiratory deficiency of yeast bcs1 mutations. At compensating concentrations, both antibiotics, as well as the absence of Rrf1, cause an imbalanced synthesis of respiratory subunits which impairs the assembly of the respiratory complexes and especially that of complex IV. Finally, we show that pentamidine also decreases the assembly of complex I in nematode mitochondria. It is well known that complexes III and IV exist within the mitochondrial inner membrane as supramolecular complexes III2/IV in yeast or I/III2/IV in higher eukaryotes. Therefore, we propose that the changes in mitochondrial translation caused by the drugs or by the absence of translation factors, can compensate for bcs1 mutations by modifying the equilibrium between illegitimate, and thus inactive, and active supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Panozzo
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Laleve
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J Ostojić
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C H Sellem
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - G Friocourt
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Bourand-Plantefol
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Burg
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Delahodde
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Blondel
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - G Dujardin
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
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Chico L, Orsucci D, Lo Gerfo A, Marconi L, Mancuso M, Siciliano G. Biomarkers and progress of antioxidant therapy for rare mitochondrial disorders. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2016.1178570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Chico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Orsucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lo Gerfo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Marconi
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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24
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Silva FS, Starostina IG, Ivanova VV, Rizvanov AA, Oliveira PJ, Pereira SP. Determination of Metabolic Viability and Cell Mass Using a Tandem Resazurin/Sulforhodamine B Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:2.24.1-2.24.15. [DOI: 10.1002/cptx.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena S.G. Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra; Cantanhede Portugal
- These authors should be considered co-first authors
| | - Irina G. Starostina
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology; Kazan Russia
- These authors should be considered co-first authors
| | - Vilena V. Ivanova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology; Kazan Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology; Kazan Russia
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra; Cantanhede Portugal
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
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25
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Villanueva Paz M, Cotán D, Garrido-Maraver J, Cordero MD, Oropesa-Ávila M, de La Mata M, Delgado Pavón A, de Lavera I, Alcocer-Gómez E, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Targeting autophagy and mitophagy for mitochondrial diseases treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:487-500. [PMID: 26523761 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial diseases are a group of rare genetic diseases with complex and heterogeneous origins which manifest a great variety of phenotypes. Disruption of the oxidative phosphorylation system is the main cause of pathogenicity in mitochondrial diseases since it causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP depletion. AREAS COVERED Current evidences support the main protective role of autophagy and mitophagy in mitochondrial diseases and other diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. EXPERT OPINION The use of autophagy and/or mitophagy inducers may allow a novel strategy for improving mitochondrial function for both mitochondrial diseases and other diseases with altered mitochondrial metabolism. However, a deeper investigation of the molecular mechanisms behind mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis is needed in order to safely modulate these processes. In the coming years, we will also see an increase in awareness of mitochondrial dynamics modulation that will allow the therapeutic use of new drugs for improving mitochondrial function in a great variety of mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Villanueva Paz
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - David Cotán
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - Juan Garrido-Maraver
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- b Facultad de Odontología , Universidad de Sevilla , Sevilla 41009 , Spain
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - Mario de La Mata
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - Ana Delgado Pavón
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - Isabel de Lavera
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - Elizabet Alcocer-Gómez
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
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Galán F, de Lavera I, Cotán D, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Mitochondrial Myopathy in Follow-up of a Patient With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2015; 3:2324709615607908. [PMID: 26904705 PMCID: PMC4748504 DOI: 10.1177/2324709615607908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Symptoms of mitochondrial diseases and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) frequently overlap and can easily be mistaken. Methods. We report the case of a patient diagnosed with CFS and during follow-up was finally diagnosed with mitochondrial myopathy by histochemical study of muscle biopsy, spectrophotometric analysis of the complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and genetic studies. Results. The results revealed 3% fiber-ragged blue and a severe deficiency of complexes I and IV and several mtDNA variants. Mother, sisters, and nephews showed similar symptoms, which strongly suggests a possible maternal inheritance. The patient and his family responded to treatment with high doses of riboflavin and thiamine with a remarkable and sustained fatigue and muscle symptoms improvement. Conclusions. This case illustrates that initial symptoms of mitochondrial disease in adults can easily be mistaken with CFS, and in these patients a regular reassessment and monitoring of symptoms is recommended to reconfirm or change the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel de Lavera
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - David Cotán
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
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Garrido-Maraver J, Paz MV, Cordero MD, Bautista-Lorite J, Oropesa-Ávila M, de la Mata M, Pavón AD, de Lavera I, Alcocer-Gómez E, Galán F, Ybot González P, Cotán D, Jackson S, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Critical role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the balance between mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in MELAS disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2535-53. [PMID: 26341273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Garrido-Maraver
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Ana Delgado Pavón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Isabel de Lavera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Elizabet Alcocer-Gómez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Ybot González
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)-CSIC, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Sandra Jackson
- Department of Neurology, Uniklinikum C. G. Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
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28
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Kodaira M, Hatakeyama H, Yuasa S, Seki T, Egashira T, Tohyama S, Kuroda Y, Tanaka A, Okata S, Hashimoto H, Kusumoto D, Kunitomi A, Takei M, Kashimura S, Suzuki T, Yozu G, Shimojima M, Motoda C, Hayashiji N, Saito Y, Goto YI, Fukuda K. Impaired respiratory function in MELAS-induced pluripotent stem cells with high heteroplasmy levels. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:219-25. [PMID: 25853038 PMCID: PMC4383791 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We modeled the mitochondrial disease MELAS by generating patient-specific iPS cells. MELAS-iPS cells show a wide variety of heteroplasmy levels. MELAS-iPS cells with high heteroplasmy levels showed impaired complex I activity.
Mitochondrial diseases are heterogeneous disorders, caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are not regulated solely by nuclear genomic DNA but by mitochondrial DNA. It is difficult to develop effective therapies for mitochondrial disease because of the lack of mitochondrial disease models. Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is one of the major mitochondrial diseases. The aim of this study was to generate MELAS-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and to demonstrate that MELAS-iPSCs can be models for mitochondrial disease. We successfully established iPSCs from the primary MELAS-fibroblasts carrying 77.7% of m.3243A>G heteroplasmy. MELAS-iPSC lines ranged from 3.6% to 99.4% of m.3243A>G heteroplasmy levels. The enzymatic activities of mitochondrial respiratory complexes indicated that MELAS-iPSC-derived fibroblasts with high heteroplasmy levels showed a deficiency of complex I activity but MELAS-iPSC-derived fibroblasts with low heteroplasmy levels showed normal complex I activity. Our data indicate that MELAS-iPSCs can be models for MELAS but we should carefully select MELAS-iPSCs with appropriate heteroplasmy levels and respiratory functions for mitochondrial disease modeling.
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Key Words
- Disease modeling
- EB, embryoid body
- ES, embryonic stem
- KSR, Knock-out Serum Replacement
- MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast
- MELAS
- MELAS, mitochondrial myopathy, encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes
- Mitochondrial disease
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation system
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- iPS cell
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kodaira
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hatakeyama
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yuasa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. Tel.: +81 3 5363 3373; fax: +81 3 5363 3875.
| | - Tomohisa Seki
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Egashira
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kuroda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okata
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Kusumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kunitomi
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Takei
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Kashimura
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gakuto Yozu
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Shimojima
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikaaki Motoda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hayashiji
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-ichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Rai PK, Russell OM, Lightowlers RN, Turnbull DM. Potential compounds for the treatment of mitochondrial disease. Br Med Bull 2015; 116:5-18. [PMID: 26590387 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial diseases are a group of heterogeneous disorders for which no curative therapy is currently available. Several drugs are currently being pursued as candidates to correct the underlying biochemistry that causes mitochondrial dysfunction. SOURCES OF DATA A systematic review of pharmacological therapeutics tested using in vitro, in vivo models and clinical trials. Results presented from database searches undertaken to ascertain compounds currently being pioneered to treat mitochondrial disease. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Previous clinical research has been hindered by poorly designed trials that have shown some evidence in enhancing mitochondrial function but without significant results. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Several compounds under investigation display poor pharmacokinetic profiles or numerous off target effects. GROWING POINTS Drug development teams should continue to screen existing and novel compound libraries for therapeutics that can enhance mitochondrial function. Therapies for mitochondrial disorders could hold potential cures for a myriad of other ailments associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Rai
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institutes of Neuroscience and Cellular and Molecular Bioscience, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - O M Russell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institutes of Neuroscience and Cellular and Molecular Bioscience, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - R N Lightowlers
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institutes of Neuroscience and Cellular and Molecular Bioscience, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - D M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institutes of Neuroscience and Cellular and Molecular Bioscience, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
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30
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Scarpelli M, Todeschini A, Rinaldi F, Rota S, Padovani A, Filosto M. Strategies for treating mitochondrial disorders: an update. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:253-60. [PMID: 25458518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from primary dysfunction of the respiratory chain due to both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutations. The wide heterogeneity of biochemical dysfunctions and pathogenic mechanisms typical of this group of diseases has hindered therapy trials; therefore, available treatment options remain limited. Therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing mitochondrial functions (by enhancing biogenesis and electron transport chain function), improving the removal of reactive oxygen species and noxious metabolites, modulating aberrant calcium homeostasis and repopulating mitochondrial DNA could potentially restore the respiratory chain dysfunction. The challenge that lies ahead is the translation of some promising laboratory results into safe and effective therapies for patients. In this review we briefly update and discuss the most feasible therapeutic approaches for mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Scarpelli
- Section of Neurology, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Todeschini
- Clinical Neurology, Section for Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies, University Hospital "Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rinaldi
- Clinical Neurology, Section for Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies, University Hospital "Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Rota
- Clinical Neurology, Section for Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies, University Hospital "Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Clinical Neurology, Section for Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies, University Hospital "Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Filosto
- Clinical Neurology, Section for Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies, University Hospital "Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy.
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Jeong MH, Kim JH, Seo KS, Kwak TH, Park WJ. β-Lapachone attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in MELAS cybrid cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:417-22. [PMID: 25451262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a mitochondrial disease caused by mutations in the mitochondrial genome. This study investigated the efficacy of β-lapachone (β-lap), a natural quinone compound, in rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction in MELAS cybrid cells. β-Lap significantly restored energy production and mitochondrial membrane potential as well as normalized the elevated ROS level in MELAS cybrid cells. Additionally, β-lap reduced lactic acidosis and restored glucose uptake in the MELAS cybrid cells. Finally, β-lap activated Sirt1 by increasing the intracellular NAD(+)/NADH ratio, which was accompanied by increased mtDNA content. Two other quinone compounds (idebenone and CoQ10) that have rescued mitochondrial dysfunction in previous studies of MELAS cybrid cells had a minimal effect in the current study. Taken together, these results demonstrated that β-lap may provide a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of MELAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hee Jeong
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Kim
- R&D Center, KT&G Life Sciences Corp., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Sik Seo
- R&D Center, KT&G Life Sciences Corp., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kwak
- R&D Center, KT&G Life Sciences Corp., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Park
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Garrido-Maraver J, Cordero MD, Oropesa-Ávila M, Fernández Vega A, de la Mata M, Delgado Pavón A, de Miguel M, Pérez Calero C, Villanueva Paz M, Cotán D, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Coenzyme q10 therapy. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:187-97. [PMID: 25126052 DOI: 10.1159/000360101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For a number of years, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was known for its key role in mitochondrial bioenergetics; later studies demonstrated its presence in other subcellular fractions and in blood plasma, and extensively investigated its antioxidant role. These 2 functions constitute the basis for supporting the clinical use of CoQ10. Also, at the inner mitochondrial membrane level, CoQ10 is recognized as an obligatory cofactor for the function of uncoupling proteins and a modulator of the mitochondrial transition pore. Furthermore, recent data indicate that CoQ10 affects the expression of genes involved in human cell signaling, metabolism and transport, and some of the effects of CoQ10 supplementation may be due to this property. CoQ10 deficiencies are due to autosomal recessive mutations, mitochondrial diseases, aging-related oxidative stress and carcinogenesis processes, and also statin treatment. Many neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer, and muscular and cardiovascular diseases have been associated with low CoQ10 levels as well as different ataxias and encephalomyopathies. CoQ10 treatment does not cause serious adverse effects in humans and new formulations have been developed that increase CoQ10 absorption and tissue distribution. Oral administration of CoQ10 is a frequent antioxidant strategy in many diseases that may provide a significant symptomatic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Garrido-Maraver
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain ; Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández Vega
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Delgado Pavón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel de Miguel
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez Calero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
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33
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Pathological Mutations of the Mitochondrial Human Genome: the Instrumental Role of the Yeast S. cerevisiae. Diseases 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/diseases2010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Saada A. Mitochondria: mitochondrial OXPHOS (dys) function ex vivo--the use of primary fibroblasts. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 48:60-5. [PMID: 24412346 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles present in all nucleated cells. They perform a number of vital metabolic processes but their main function is to generate energy in the form of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), performed by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mitochondrial diseases affecting oxidative phosphorylation are a common group of inherited disorders with variable clinical manifestations. They are caused by mutations either in the mitochondrial or the nuclear genome. In order to study this group of heterogeneous diseases, they are often modeled in animal and microbial systems. However, these are complex, time consuming and unavailable for each specific mutation. Conversely, skin fibroblasts derived from patients provide a feasible alternative. The usefulness of fibroblasts in culture to verify and study the pathomechanism of new mitochondrial diseases and to evaluate the efficacy of individual treatment options is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Saada
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Pauli W, Zarzycki A, Krzyształowski A, Walecka A. CT and MRI imaging of the brain in MELAS syndrome. Pol J Radiol 2013; 78:61-5. [PMID: 24115962 PMCID: PMC3789935 DOI: 10.12659/pjr.884010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes) is a rare, multisystem disorder which belongs to a group of mitochondrial metabolic diseases. As other diseases in this group, it is inherited in the maternal line. Case Report: In this report, we discussed a case of a 10-year-old girl with clinical and radiological picture of MELAS syndrome. We would like to describe characteristic radiological features of MELAS syndrome in CT, MRI and MR spectroscopy of the brain and differential diagnosis. Conclusions: The rarity of this disorder and the complexity of its clinical presentation make MELAS patients among the most difficult to diagnose. Brain imaging studies require a wide differential diagnosis, primarily to distinguish between MELAS and ischemic stroke. Particularly helpful are the MRI and MR spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Pauli
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology Department of Public Hospital, Szczecin, Poland
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