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Ahrens C, Beatrice L, Meier V, Rohrer Bley C. Radiation toxicity grading after chemoradiotherapy of canine urinary tract carcinomas: Comparing VRTOG to VRTOG_v2.0. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:255-264. [PMID: 38544415 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Radiation toxicities may be underestimated after treatment of transitional cell carcinoma in dogs' lower urinary tract. Assessing acute and late toxicities and differentiating them from progressive disease (PD) impacts further therapeutic approach. We retrospectively assessed dogs treated with definitive-intent chemoradiotherapy (12 × 3.8 Gy, various first-line chemotherapeutics). Local tumour control, radiation toxicities and survival were evaluated. We classified radiation toxicities according to the previously published radiation toxicity scheme "VRTOG" as well as the updated version, "VRTOG_v2.0". Fourteen dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of bladder ± urethra (n = 8), +prostate (n = 3) or solely urethra (n = 3), were included. Median follow-up was 298 days (range 185-1798 days), median overall survival 305 days (95%CI = 209;402) and 28.6% deaths were tumour-progression-related. Acute radiation toxicity was mild and self-limiting with both classification systems: In VRTOG, 5 dogs showed grade 1, and 1 dog grade 2 toxicity. In VRTOG_v2.0, 2 dogs showed grade 1, 3 dogs grade 2, and 3 dogs grade 3 toxicity. Late toxicity was noted in 14.2% of dogs (2/14) with the VRTOG, both with grade 3 toxicity. With VRTOG_v2.0, a larger proportion of 42.9% of dogs (6/14) showed late toxicities: Four dogs grade 3 (persistent incontinence), 2 dogs grade 5 (urethral obstructions without PD resulting in euthanasia). At time of death, 5 dogs underwent further workup and only 3 were confirmed to have PD. With the updated VRTOG_v2.0 classification system, more dogs with probable late toxicity are registered, but it is ultimately difficult to distinguish these from disease progression as restaging remains to be the most robust determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Ahrens
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Beatrice
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Meier
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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McKenna C, Poirier VJ, Oblak ML, Nykamp S, Mutsaers AJ. Reason for euthanasia in dogs with urothelial carcinoma treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy or both: A retrospective observational study. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1127-1134. [PMID: 38317542 PMCID: PMC10937484 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clients want to know the ultimate cause of death in their pet after cancer treatment. The cause of euthanasia and investigation of urinary obstruction in treated dogs with urothelial carcinoma (UC) has not been specifically reported in veterinary literature. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Our hypothesis was that the majority of treated dogs with UC are euthanized secondary to primary tumor factors, such as urinary obstruction. ANIMALS Fifty-nine client-owned dogs diagnosed with UC. METHODS Retrospective observational study on clinical signs and disease at euthanasia of dogs with UC treated by radiation therapy or chemotherapy or both. RESULTS The median overall survival time (OST) of all dogs was 339 days (range, 17-1996; 95% confidence interval [CI], 185-392; interquartile range [IQR], 112-505). Of dogs deemed to have been euthanized because of UC (50/59, 85%), the primary cause was considered to be local progression in 31/50 (62%), most often because of perceived complete or partial urinary obstruction (24/31, 77%). No variables were found to be predictive of urinary obstruction. The overall documented metastatic rate was 56%. In dogs euthanized because of UC, metastasis was deemed to be the cause in 19/50 (38%) dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Regardless of the type of treatment, UC in dogs has a poor prognosis and there is a continuing need to improve treatments that focus on local control of the primary tumor, given its high contribution to the decision for euthanasia. Proactive management to avoid the high frequency of urinary obstruction may be worthy of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly McKenna
- Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
- Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Valerie J. Poirier
- Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Michelle L. Oblak
- Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Stephanie Nykamp
- Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Anthony J. Mutsaers
- Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
- Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
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3
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Pritchard C, Al-Nadaf S, Rebhun RB, Willcox JL, Skorupski KA, Lejeune A. Efficacy and toxicity of carboplatin in the treatment of macroscopic mesenchymal neoplasia in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:717-725. [PMID: 37705417 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Palliative chemotherapy options for dogs with macroscopic non-osseous mesenchymal tumours are limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the response rate of these tumours to carboplatin chemotherapy. Medical records of 28 dogs treated with carboplatin for macroscopic mesenchymal neoplasia between 1990 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Sixteen dogs with soft tissue sarcoma and 12 dogs with haemangiosarcoma were included. Responses observed included one complete response and three partial responses, for an overall response rate of 14.2% (4/28) and median time to progression of 42 days (range 21-259 days). Responses were only seen in patients with haemangiosarcoma, for a response rate of 33.3% (4/12) and median time to progression for responders of 103 days (range 39-252 days). Median time to progression for dogs with metastatic disease was similar to those with only local disease (distant median: 44 days; local median: 23 days, p = 0.56). Dogs with chemotherapy-naïve disease were compared to dogs having received previous chemotherapy treatment and had a median time to progression of 75 days and 40.5 days respectively (p = 0.13). Twenty-two dogs experienced 48 adverse events, with most being grade 1 or 2 (79%). Carboplatin was well tolerated, with variable macroscopic anti-tumour activity and short response duration. Carboplatin may be an acceptable rescue option for dogs with macroscopic haemangiosarcoma, especially those patients that cannot receive doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céleste Pritchard
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sami Al-Nadaf
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Katherine A Skorupski
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Rangel MMM, Linhares LCM, de Oliveira KD, Suzuki DOH, Maglietti FH, de Nardi AB. Evaluation of the safety and feasibility of electrochemotherapy with intravenous bleomycin as local treatment of bladder cancer in dogs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21078. [PMID: 38030630 PMCID: PMC10687251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Local treatment of canine urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder is a challenge. More than 90% of the cases invade the muscular layer, more than 50% develop on bladder sites with a difficult surgical approach and often requiring radical surgical procedures. This study aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of electrochemotherapy (ECT) with intravenous bleomycin (BLM) as a local therapy for bladder UC. This prospective study included 21 dogs with spontaneous bladder UC. Regional/distant metastases and neoplastic infiltration of the serosa was considered the main exclusion criteria. We had no deaths during ECT or in the immediate postoperative period, and no suture dehiscence. Most dogs (19/21) developed mild adverse effects, whereas two dogs developed ureteral stenosis. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 62% of the cases (13/21), while partial response (PR) was achieved in 24% (5/21). The median survival and disease-free survival times were 284 and 270 days, respectively. Overall survival was significantly better in the dogs who achieved a CR. In conclusion, ECT was well-tolerated in dogs with UC, demonstrating its safety and feasibility. These data pave the way for new studies aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of ECT in canine bladder UC as a translational model for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laís Calazans Menescal Linhares
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniela Ota Hisayasu Suzuki
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Horacio Maglietti
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Fundación Barceló-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrigo Barboza de Nardi
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ciriano Cerdà E, Zajc AL, Finotello R, Macdonald K, Lyseight F, Van Den Steen N, Sanchez Gonzalez K, Marrington M, Grant J. Meloxicam in Combination with Mitoxantrone or Vinblastine as First-Line Treatment for Non-Resectable Urothelial Cell Carcinoma in Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:529. [PMID: 37624316 PMCID: PMC10458788 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have been demonstrated to have antitumour activity in canine urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC), given as a sole treatment or in combination with chemotherapy. The purpose of this retrospective multi-institutional study was to assess the efficacy of meloxicam in combination with mitoxantrone or vinblastine as a first-line treatment for non-resectable canine UCC. Gastrointestinal adverse effects (AEs) of these treatment combinations were also assessed. A total of 28 dogs met the inclusion criteria, 21/28 dogs received mitoxantrone and meloxicam, and 7/28 received vinblastine and meloxicam. Tumour response (TR) and AE were evaluated according to Veterinary Co-Operative Oncology Group (VCOG) criteria. The endpoint of the study was the time to tumour progression (TTP). The mitoxantrone-group induced 24% partial response and 62% stable disease, while the vinblastine-group induced 14% and 86%, respectively. Median TTP was 84 days (mitoxantrone and meloxicam, 70 days; and vinblastine and meloxicam, 178 days). The presence of metastatic disease significantly decreased TTP (p = 0.007). Gastrointestinal AEs were reported in 21.4% of the patients, with the most common being VCOG grade 1-2 diarrhoea. Meloxicam is a well-tolerated NSAID when combined with mitoxantrone or vinblastine as first-line treatment for non-resectable canine UCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estel.la Ciriano Cerdà
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Ashville Point, Beechwood, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn WA7 3FW, UK
| | - Alenka Lavra Zajc
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Ashville Point, Beechwood, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn WA7 3FW, UK
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Chester High Rd, Neston CH64 7TE, UK; (R.F.)
| | - Kirsty Macdonald
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Chester High Rd, Neston CH64 7TE, UK; (R.F.)
| | - Filipa Lyseight
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH, UK
| | - Nele Van Den Steen
- Cave Veterinary Specialists, George’s Farm, West Buckland, Nr. Wellington TA21 9LE, UK
| | - Katia Sanchez Gonzalez
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Forest Corner Farm, Hangersley, Ringwood BH24 3JW, UK
| | - Mary Marrington
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Ashville Point, Beechwood, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn WA7 3FW, UK
| | - Jessica Grant
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Ashville Point, Beechwood, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn WA7 3FW, UK
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Engbersen DJM, van Beijnum JR, Roos A, van Beelen M, de Haan JD, Grinwis GCM, Schalken JA, Witjes JA, Griffioen AW, Huijbers EJM. Vaccination against Extracellular Vimentin for Treatment of Urothelial Cancer of the Bladder in Client-Owned Dogs. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3958. [PMID: 37568772 PMCID: PMC10417384 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently shown that targeting extracellular vimentin (eVim) is safe and effective in preclinical models. Here, we report the safety and efficacy in client-owned dogs with spontaneous bladder cancer of CVx1, an iBoost technology-based vaccine targeting eVim in combination with COX-2 inhibition. This was a single-arm prospective phase 1/2 study with CVx1 in 20 client-owned dogs with spontaneous UC which involved four subcutaneous vaccinations with CVx1 at 2-week intervals for induction of antibody titers, followed by maintenance vaccinations at 2-month intervals. Additionally, daily cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition with meloxicam was given. The response was assessed by antibody titers, physical condition, abdominal ultrasound and thorax X-ray. The primary endpoints were the development of antibody titers, as well as overall survival compared to a historical control group receiving carboplatin and COX-2 inhibition with piroxicam. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. All dogs developed antibodies against eVim. Titers were adequately maintained for the duration of this study. A median overall survival of 374 days was observed, which was 196 days for the historical control group (p < 0.01). Short-term grade 1-2 toxicity at the injection site and some related systemic symptoms peri-vaccination were observed. No toxicity was observed related to the induced antibody response. A limitation of this study is the single-arm prospective setting. CVx1 plus meloxicam consistently induced efficient antibody titers, was well tolerated and showed prolonged survival. The results obtained merit further development for human clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judy R. van Beijnum
- CimCure BV, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.J.M.E.); (J.R.v.B.); (E.J.M.H.)
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Arno Roos
- Veterinary Referral Center Korte Akkeren, 2802 LA Gouda, The Netherlands; (A.R.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Marit van Beelen
- Veterinary Referral Center Korte Akkeren, 2802 LA Gouda, The Netherlands; (A.R.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Jan David de Haan
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Guy C. M. Grinwis
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Centre, Department of Biomedical Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.A.S.); (J.A.W.)
| | - J. Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.A.S.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Arjan W. Griffioen
- CimCure BV, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.J.M.E.); (J.R.v.B.); (E.J.M.H.)
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Elisabeth J. M. Huijbers
- CimCure BV, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.J.M.E.); (J.R.v.B.); (E.J.M.H.)
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Ghisoni G, Foglia A, Sabattini S, Agnoli C, Dondi F, Perfetti S, Marconato L. A Retrospective Clinico-Pathologic Study of 35 Dogs with Urethral Transitional Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Treatment. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2395. [PMID: 37508172 PMCID: PMC10376480 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COXi) are primary treatments for canine urethral transitional cell carcinoma (uTCC), a tumor known for its aggressiveness and poor prognosis. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinico-pathological characteristics, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors of 35 dogs with confirmed uTCC that received chemotherapy and COXi. Upon admission, urethral obstruction (UO) and urinary tract infection (UTI) were observed in seven (20%) dogs each. Gemcitabine (n = 20; 57.1%) and vinblastine (n = 10; 28.6%) were commonly used as first-line therapies, with four dogs also receiving radiation therapy. Based on RECIST, one (2.9%) dog achieved complete remission, nine (25.7%) partial remission, 20 (57.14%) showed stable disease, and five (14.3%) progressed. Among dogs with UO, six (85.7%) showed resolution or improvement after the first chemotherapy dose. The median time to local progression was 171 days (range: 107-235), and the median survival time was 333 days (range: 158-508). Dogs with UO upon admission had a higher risk of local progression, while both UO and UTI were associated with an increased risk of overall disease progression and tumor-related death. Additionally, gemcitabine significantly improved metastatic control. This study identified UO and UTI as negative prognostic factors, highlighting the importance of a multimodal approach in managing uTCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ghisoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Armando Foglia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Chiara Agnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Simone Perfetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
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Weinekötter J, Gurtner C, Protschka M, von Bomhard W, Böttcher D, Schlinke A, Alber G, Rösch S, Steiner JM, Seeger J, Oechtering GU, Heilmann RM. Tissue S100/calgranulin expression and blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in dogs with lower urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:412. [PMID: 36411489 PMCID: PMC9680134 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common neoplasm of the canine lower urinary tract, affecting approximately 2% of dogs. Elderly female patients of certain breeds are predisposed, and clinical signs of UC can easily be confused with urinary tract infection or urolithiasis. Diagnosis and treatment are challenging given the lack of disease-specific markers and treatments. The S100A8/A9 complex and S100A12 protein are Ca2+-binding proteins expressed by cells of the innate immune system and have shown promise as urinary screening markers for UC. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can also aid in distinguishing certain neoplastic from inflammatory conditions. Our study aimed to evaluate the tissue expression of S100/calgranulins and the blood NLR in dogs with UC. Urinary bladder and/or urethral tissue samples from dogs with UC (n = 10), non-neoplastic inflammatory lesions (NNUTD; n = 6), and no histologic changes (n = 11) were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Blood NLRs were analyzed in dogs with UC (n = 22) or NNUTD (n = 26). RESULTS Tissue S100A12-positive cell counts were significantly higher in dogs with lower urinary tract disease than healthy controls (P = 0.0267 for UC, P = 0.0049 for NNUTD), with no significant difference between UC and NNUTD patients. Tissue S100A8/A9-positivity appeared to be higher with NNUTD than UC, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. The S100A8/A9+-to-S100A12+ ratio was significantly decreased in neoplastic and inflamed lower urinary tract tissue compared to histologically normal specimens (P = 0.0062 for UC, P = 0.0030 for NNUTD). NLRs were significantly higher in dogs with UC than in dogs with NNUTD, and a cut-off NLR of ≤ 2.83 distinguished UC from NNUTD with 41% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Higher NLRs were also associated with a poor overall survival time (P = 0.0417). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that the S100/calgranulins play a role in the immune response to inflammatory and neoplastic lower urinary tract diseases in dogs, but the tissue expression of these proteins appears to differ from their concentrations reported in urine samples. Further investigations of the S100/calgranulin pathways in UC and their potential as diagnostic or prognostic tools and potential therapeutic targets are warranted. The NLR as a routinely available marker might be a useful surrogate to distinguish UC from inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Weinekötter
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 23, 04103 Leipzig, SN Germany
| | - Corinne Gurtner
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3001 Bern, BE Switzerland
| | - Martina Protschka
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnological-Biomedical Center, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, SN Germany
| | - Wolf von Bomhard
- Specialty Center for Veterinary Pathology, Hartelstrasse 30, E80689 Munich, BY Germany
| | - Denny Böttcher
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Institute for Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An Den Tierkliniken 33, E04103 Leipzig, SN Germany
| | - Annika Schlinke
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 23, 04103 Leipzig, SN Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnological-Biomedical Center, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, SN Germany
| | - Sarah Rösch
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 23, 04103 Leipzig, SN Germany ,grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, NI Germany
| | - Joerg M. Steiner
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU 4474, College Station, TX 77843-4474 USA
| | - Johannes Seeger
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 43, 04103 Leipzig, SN Germany
| | - Gerhard U. Oechtering
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 23, 04103 Leipzig, SN Germany
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 23, 04103 Leipzig, SN Germany
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9
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Giuliano A, Almendros A. Retrospective Evaluation of a Combination of Carboplatin and Bleomycin for the Treatment of Canine Carcinomas. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182340. [PMID: 36139200 PMCID: PMC9495018 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboplatin is a chemotherapy agent widely used in veterinary oncology to treat various types of tumors including carcinomas. Carboplatin has previously been used in combination with 5-Fluoro uracil (5-FU) or gemcitabine for the treatment of various carcinomas. Bleomycin is a chemotherapy drug commonly used in humans, but its use has been uncommonly reported in dogs. The combination of carboplatin and bleomycin chemotherapy treatment has never been reported in dogs. Dogs diagnosed with carcinoma and treated with a combination of carboplatin and bleomycin, at a single veterinary referral center, were retrospectively evaluated. Thirty patients met the inclusion criteria. The dose of carboplatin ranged from 200–250 mg/m2 (median 240 mg/m2) and the dose of bleomycin from 15–20 IU/m2 (median 15 IU/m2). The treatment with carboplatin and bleomycin was well tolerated, with sixteen patients (53%) developing side effects. Thirteen patients (46%) developed gastrointestinal signs and nine dogs (30%) developed hematological abnormalities. The most common side effects were grade-1 hyporexia and grade-1 neutropenia. Grade-2 neutropenia was rarely observed, and only one patient developed grade-3 neutropenia. None of the dogs developed grade-4 adverse events, or required hospitalization, or died due to the treatment. No signs of chronic side effects, including pulmonary toxicity, were observed. Objective response was observed in 24% of the cases (six partial responses) and 76% of cases achieved clinical benefit (partial response+ stable disease). Clinical signs improved in 24 of the 30 cases (80%). The main aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of bleomycin and carboplatin in combination for the treatment of various types of carcinomas. The combination of bleomycin and carboplatin appears safe and potentially effective for some types of carcinomas. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of combined carboplatin and bleomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giuliano
- CityU Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3442-7257
| | - Angel Almendros
- CityU Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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10
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Palmisano MG, Javsicas LH, Nutt JN. What Is Your Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 260:301-303. [PMID: 34890360 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.12.0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Chavalle T, Chamel G, Denoeux P, Lajoinie M, Sayag D, Berny P, Ponce F. Are severe adverse events commonly observed in dogs during cancer chemotherapy? A retrospective study on 155 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:393-403. [PMID: 34775666 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Overall prevalence of severe adverse events (sAE) has been poorly studied in veterinary medicine and peer-reviewed studies mostly focused on a single protocol, making it difficult to have a general overview. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the frequency and risk factors of sAE secondary to various protocols of chemotherapy in dogs. Medical records of 155 dogs receiving chemotherapy between January 2013 and December 2018 were reviewed. Adverse events (AE) were graded according to Veterinary Comparative Oncology Group-common terminology criteria for AE (VCOG-CTCAE) grading system. Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether demographic, cancer type and chemotherapy protocol were associated with development of sAE and their consequences. AE were reported at least once in 124 (80%) dogs and sAE were observed in 50 (32.3%) dogs. Among them, 23 (14.8%) had gastro-intestinal and 31 (20.0%) had myelotoxic events. sAE led to hospitalisation in 37 (23.9%) dogs, to chemotherapy arrest in 12 (7.7%) dogs and to euthanasia or death in 9 (5.8%) dogs. Haematopoietic tumours were statistically associated with a higher frequency of sAE (p = .004), gastrointestinal sAE (p = .009) and hospitalisation (p = .004). A body weight over 10 kg was associated with less haematological sAE (p < .001). The use of a multi-agent protocol was highlighted as a risk factor for sAE (p = .038) and haematological sAE (p < .001). sAE following chemotherapy and leading to hospitalisation, chemo arrest or death were relatively common. A special attention during chemotherapy follow-up should be given to small dogs and those receiving multi-agent protocol or treated for haematopoietic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chavalle
- Service de cancérologie, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Gabriel Chamel
- Service de cancérologie, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,UR ICE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Pauline Denoeux
- Service de cancérologie, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Atlantia, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Lajoinie
- Service de cancérologie, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - David Sayag
- ONCOnseil - Unité d'expertise en oncologie vétérinaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Berny
- UR ICE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Frédérique Ponce
- Service de cancérologie, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,UR ICE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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12
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Tsamouri MM, Steele TM, Mudryj M, Kent MS, Ghosh PM. Comparative Cancer Cell Signaling in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder in Dogs and Humans. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1472. [PMID: 34680588 PMCID: PMC8533305 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) is the most common type of bladder malignancy in humans, but also in dogs that represent a naturally occurring model for this disease. Dogs are immunocompetent animals that share risk factors, pathophysiological features, clinical signs and response to chemotherapeutics with human cancer patients. This review summarizes the fundamental pathways for canine MIUC initiation, progression, and metastasis, emerging therapeutic targets and mechanisms of drug resistance, and proposes new opportunities for potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics. Identifying similarities and differences between cancer signaling in dogs and humans is of utmost importance for the efficient translation of in vitro research to successful clinical trials for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Malvina Tsamouri
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Graduate Group in Integrative Pathobiology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas M. Steele
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael S. Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
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13
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Shaevitz MH, Moore GE, Fulkerson CM. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial comparing the incidence and severity of gastrointestinal adverse events in dogs with cancer treated with piroxicam alone or in combination with omeprazole or famotidine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:385-391. [PMID: 34337965 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.4.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of prophylactic omeprazole and famotidine on the incidence and severity of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) in dogs with cancer treated with single agent piroxicam. ANIMALS 39 dogs with a cytologic or histologic diagnosis of cancer with no history of GI disease and received piroxicam. PROCEDURES A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial was performed. All dogs received piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg [0.14 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) and either omeprazole (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h), famotidine (1 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h), or placebo (lactose; PO, q 12 h). Monthly assessments of GI AEs were performed and scored by using the Veterinary Comparative Oncology Group's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 1.1). RESULTS Compared with dogs in the placebo group, more dogs in the omeprazole group (84.6% vs 36.4%) and famotidine group (80.0% vs 36.4%) experienced GI AEs by day 56. The severity of GI AEs was higher in the omeprazole group, compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Omeprazole was not helpful in reducing the frequency or severity of GI AEs and was associated with more frequent and severer GI AEs in dogs with cancer treated with single agent piroxicam. Proton-pump inhibitors and H2-receptor antagonists should not be prescribed as prophylaxis with NSAIDs for dogs with cancer.
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14
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Iwano M, Sadahiro K, Maruo T, Kawarai S, Kayanuma H, Orito K. Serum concentration and safety of intravenous drip versus subcutaneous administration of carboplatin in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:775-779. [PMID: 33716231 PMCID: PMC8182319 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboplatin is used to treat certain cancers in dogs and cats and is routinely administered via intravenous drip (IVD). Subcutaneous (SC) administration has
also been described. However, the toxicity, serum concentrations, and area under blood concentration-time curves (AUCs) of SC carboplatin are unknown. This
study aimed to compare serum carboplatin concentrations in dogs after SC and IVD and to monitor any adverse events. In this crossover study, five dogs received
SC or IV carboplatin (300 mg/m2). After a minimum of 3 weeks, each dog received the other treatment. No gross skin toxicity or abnormal clinical
signs were observed in any of the dogs. Blood test abnormalities were detected in most dogs. Decreased neutrophil and platelet counts, and increased C-reactive
protein (CRP) levels were found. There was no significant difference in the neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and CRP scores between the groups. Systemic
toxicities of SC carboplatin were comparable to those of IVD carboplatin. The time to maximum carboplatin concentration after SC was longer than that after IVD
(P<0.001). SC carboplatin remained in the serum longer than IVD carboplatin (P=0.008). The AUC of SC was less than that
of IVD (P=0.002). The AUC and time taken to reach the maximum concentration of SC carboplatin were lower than those of IVD carboplatin. This
study suggests that SC carboplatin may be an efficacious option for the treatment of tumors in dogs, particularly where IVD administration is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Iwano
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kohei Sadahiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Takuya Maruo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kawarai
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hideki Kayanuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kensuke Orito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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15
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Shinada M, Saeki K, Yoshitake R, Eto S, Tsuboi M, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Kato D, Yoshimoto S, Kamoto S, Ikeda N, Kinoshita R, Fujita N, Nishimura R, Nakagawa T. Evaluation of epithelial and mesenchymal cell markers in canine urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Vet J 2020; 266:105571. [PMID: 33323173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Canine transitional cell carcinoma (cTCC) is the most common malignant tumour in the urinary bladder: it is highly invasive and exhibits metastatic characteristics. Inflammation is also strongly related to cTCC. Epithelial tumours often exhibit a mesenchymal cell phenotype during tumour invasion and metastasis owing to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is often induced in chronic inflammation. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal cell markers in tumour cells and to evaluate its relationship with prognosis of cTCC. In this study, 29 dogs with cTCC who underwent surgical treatment were enrolled. Clinical parameters were reviewed using medical records. Tissue expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. The association between the expression of mesenchymal cell markers and clinical parameters, including prognosis, was statistically examined. In five normal bladder tissues used as controls, no expression of mesenchymal markers was observed, except for one tissue that expressed fibronectin. Conversely, epithelial tumour cells expressed vimentin and fibronectin in 23/29 and 19/28 cTCC tissues, respectively. Regarding clinical parameters, vimentin score in Miniature Dachshunds was significantly higher than those in other dog breeds (P < 0.001). Multivariate survival analyses revealed that age>12 years was related to shorter progression-free survival (P = 0.02). Higher vimentin score, lower fibronectin score, and advanced clinical T stage were significantly correlated with shorter median survival time (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that vimentin expression was associated with cTCC progression. Further studies are needed to examine the incidence and relevance of EMT in cTCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shinada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - K Saeki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - R Yoshitake
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - S Eto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - M Tsuboi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - J K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - K Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - D Kato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - S Yoshimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - S Kamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - N Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - R Kinoshita
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - N Fujita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - R Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - T Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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16
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Malfassi L, Fidanzio F, Sala M, Marcarini S, Mazza G, Carrara N, Pavesi S, Gnudi G, Urso G, Dolera M. A combined protocol with piroxicam, chemotherapy, and whole pelvic irradiation with simultaneous boost volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy for muscle-invasive canine urinary transitional cell carcinoma: First clinical experience. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 83:695-704. [PMID: 32963177 PMCID: PMC8111339 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this pilot study were to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of high-dose hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) applied to whole pelvic region radiotherapy (WPRT) with multilevel simultaneous integrated boost (MLSIB) combined with piroxicam and chemotherapy for the treatment of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the lower urinary tract with muscle invasion TCC. Twelve dogs were enrolled, according to stage, in two groups: group 1, TCC confined to the urinary tract; group 2, TCC with metastasis. The planning target volume dose was tailored from 36 to 42 Gy in 6 fractions. All dogs were prescribed piroxicam and radiosensitizing carboplatin, and six received chemotherapy after radiotherapy. Serial follow-ups with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed. Disease control and toxicity effects were evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. The treatment was well tolerated, and no high-grade side effects were reported. The median overall survival times for groups 1 and 2 were 1,230 and 150 days, respectively. A considerable percentage of patients in group1 (50%) were still alive at the time of writing this paper, and a longer follow-up could enable a more accurate survival analysis. This preliminary analysis shows that VMAT applied to the WPRT with MLSIB is an effective and safe option for dogs with lower urinary TCC, although the presence of metastases worsens the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Malfassi
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
| | - Francesca Fidanzio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Taglio 8 road, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Sala
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
| | - Silvia Marcarini
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
| | - Giovanni Mazza
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
| | - Nancy Carrara
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
| | - Simone Pavesi
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
| | - Giacomo Gnudi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Taglio 8 road, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Urso
- Medical Physics Department, Local Health Authority of Lodi, A. Fleming 1 road, 26841, Casalpusterlengo (Lo), Italy
| | - Mario Dolera
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
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17
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Gustafson TL, Biller B. Use of Toceranib Phosphate in the Treatment of Canine Bladder Tumors: 37 Cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2020; 55:243-248. [PMID: 31433219 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a locally aggressive tumor in dogs with low-to-moderate responses to traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Toceranib (TOC) phosphate represents a novel agent for the treatment of canine TCC. Thirty-seven dogs were identified who had received TOC for bladder tumor treatment. The TOC was generally well tolerated, although 56% of dogs had progression of azotemia while receiving TOC. A partial response to TOC was observed in 6.7% of dogs, and 80% of dogs had stable disease for a median duration of 128.5 days. Median time to progression was 96 days, and median survival time after the start of TOC was 149 days. There were no significant variables influencing time to progression or survival time in this group of dogs. This retrospective study suggests that TOC may be useful for the treatment of TCC. However, careful monitoring of renal function is recommended in patients with bladder tumors receiving TOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Lynn Gustafson
- From Animal Cancer Care Center, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (T.L.G.); and Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Biller
- From Animal Cancer Care Center, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (T.L.G.); and Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (B.B.)
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18
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Knapp DW, Dhawan D, Ramos-Vara JA, Ratliff TL, Cresswell GM, Utturkar S, Sommer BC, Fulkerson CM, Hahn NM. Naturally-Occurring Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma in Dogs, a Unique Model to Drive Advances in Managing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in Humans. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1493. [PMID: 32039002 PMCID: PMC6985458 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a great need to improve the outlook for people facing urinary bladder cancer, especially for patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC) which is lethal in 50% of cases. Improved outcomes for patients with InvUC could come from advances on several fronts including emerging immunotherapies, targeted therapies, and new drug combinations; selection of patients most likely to respond to a given treatment based on molecular subtypes, immune signatures, and other characteristics; and prevention, early detection, and early intervention. Progress on all of these fronts will require clinically relevant animal models for translational research. The animal model(s) should possess key features that drive success or failure of cancer drugs in humans including tumor heterogeneity, genetic-epigenetic crosstalk, immune cell responsiveness, invasive and metastatic behavior, and molecular subtypes (e.g., luminal, basal). Experimental animal models, while essential in bladder cancer research, do not possess these collective features to accurately predict outcomes in humans. These key features, however, are present in naturally-occurring InvUC in pet dogs. Canine InvUC closely mimics muscle-invasive bladder cancer in humans in cellular and molecular features, molecular subtypes, immune response patterns, biological behavior (sites and frequency of metastasis), and response to therapy. Thus, dogs can offer a highly relevant animal model to complement other models in research for new therapies for bladder cancer. Clinical treatment trials in pet dogs with InvUC are considered a win-win-win scenario; the individual dog benefits from effective treatment, the results are expected to help other dogs, and the findings are expected to translate to better treatment outcomes in humans. In addition, the high breed-associated risk for InvUC in dogs (e.g., 20-fold increased risk in Scottish Terriers) offers an unparalleled opportunity to test new strategies in primary prevention, early detection, and early intervention. This review will provide an overview of canine InvUC, summarize the similarities (and differences) between canine and human InvUC, and provide evidence for the expanding value of this canine model in bladder cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah W Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - José A Ramos-Vara
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Gregory M Cresswell
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sagar Utturkar
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Breann C Sommer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christopher M Fulkerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Noah M Hahn
- Department of Oncology and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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19
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Griffin MA, Culp WTN, Giuffrida MA, Ellis P, Tuohy J, Perry JA, Gedney A, Lux CN, Milovancev M, Wallace ML, Hash J, Mathews K, Liptak JM, Selmic LE, Singh A, Palm CA, Balsa IM, Mayhew PD, Steffey MA, Rebhun RB, Burton JH, Kent MS. Lower urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma in cats: Clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes in 118 cases. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 34:274-282. [PMID: 31721288 PMCID: PMC6979092 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is an important but rarely described disease of cats. Objectives To report the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes in a cohort of cats with lower urinary tract TCC and to test identified variables for prognostic relevance. Animals One‐hundred eighteen client‐owned cats with lower urinary tract carcinoma. Methods Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to obtain information regarding clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. Recorded variables were analyzed statistically. Results Median age of affected cats was 15 years (range, 5.0‐20.8 years) and median duration of clinical signs was 30 days (range, 0‐730 days). The trigone was the most common tumor location (32/118; 27.1%) as assessed by ultrasound examination, cystoscopy, or both. Treatment was carried out in 73 of 118 (61.9%) cats. Metastatic disease was documented in 25 of 118 (21.2%) cats. Median progression‐free survival and survival time for all cats were 113 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 69‐153) and 155 days (95% CI, 110‐222), respectively. Survival increased significantly (P < .001) when comparing cats across the ordered treatment groups: no treatment, treatment without partial cystectomy, and treatment with partial cystectomy. Partial cystectomy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.31; 95% CI, 0.17‐0.87) and treatment with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33‐0.93) were significantly associated with longer survival times. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The results support treatment using partial cystectomy and NSAIDs in cats with TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Griffin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - William T N Culp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Michelle A Giuffrida
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Peter Ellis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Joanne Tuohy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - James A Perry
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison Gedney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cassie N Lux
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Milan Milovancev
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Mandy L Wallace
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jonathan Hash
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Kyle Mathews
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Julius M Liptak
- VCA Canada-Alta Vista Animal Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura E Selmic
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ameet Singh
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carrie A Palm
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Ingrid M Balsa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Philipp D Mayhew
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Michele A Steffey
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jenna H Burton
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Michael S Kent
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
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20
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Elbadawy M, Usui T, Mori T, Tsunedomi R, Hazama S, Nabeta R, Uchide T, Fukushima R, Yoshida T, Shibutani M, Tanaka T, Masuda S, Okada R, Ichikawa R, Omatsu T, Mizutani T, Katayama Y, Noguchi S, Iwai S, Nakagawa T, Shinohara Y, Kaneda M, Yamawaki H, Sasaki K. Establishment of a novel experimental model for muscle-invasive bladder cancer using a dog bladder cancer organoid culture. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2806-2821. [PMID: 31254429 PMCID: PMC6726682 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In human and dogs, bladder cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm affecting the urinary tract. Dog BC resembles human muscle‐invasive BC in histopathological characteristics and gene expression profiles, and could be an important research model for this disease. Cancer patient‐derived organoid culture can recapitulate organ structures and maintains the gene expression profiles of original tumor tissues. In a previous study, we generated dog prostate cancer organoids using urine samples, however dog BC organoids had never been produced. Therefore we aimed to generate dog BC organoids using urine samples and check their histopathological characteristics, drug sensitivity, and gene expression profiles. Organoids from individual BC dogs were successfully generated, expressed urothelial cell markers (CK7, CK20, and UPK3A) and exhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. In a cell viability assay, the response to combined treatment with a range of anticancer drugs (cisplatin, vinblastine, gemcitabine or piroxicam) was markedly different in each BC organoid. In RNA‐sequencing analysis, expression levels of basal cell markers (CK5 and DSG3) and several novel genes (MMP28,CTSE,CNN3,TFPI2,COL17A1, and AGPAT4) were upregulated in BC organoids compared with normal bladder tissues or two‐dimensional (2D) BC cell lines. These established dog BC organoids might be a useful tool, not only to determine suitable chemotherapy for BC diseased dogs but also to identify novel biomarkers in human muscle‐invasive BC. In the present study, for the 1st time, dog BC organoids were generated and several specifically upregulated organoid genes were identified. Our data suggest that dog BC organoids might become a new tool to provide fresh insights into both dog BC therapy and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Rina Nabeta
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchide
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukushima
- Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Takaharu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Sosuke Masuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Rena Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ryo Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sano, Japan
| | - Satomi Iwai
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery 2, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan.,Pet Health & Food Division, Iskara Industry CO., LTD, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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21
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Stiborova K, Treggiari E, Amores-Fuster I, Del Busto I, Killick D, Maddox T, Marrington M, Mason SL, Blackwood L. Haematologic toxicity in dogs with mast cell tumours treated with vinblastine/prednisolone chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:534-542. [PMID: 31245847 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether dogs with surgically excised mast cell tumours receiving a vinblastine/prednisolone chemotherapy protocol in combination with radiation therapy are at greater risk of myelosuppression than patients receiving the chemotherapy protocol alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study of clinical records of dogs with mast cell tumours that, subsequent to surgical excision, had received combination vinblasine/prednisolone chemotherapy. Dogs were assigned to two groups: those treated with adjunctive radiotherapy and vinblastine/prednisolone (RT group) and those treated with surgery followed by vinblastine/prednisolone alone (control group). Haematology results were compared between groups. RESULTS Forty-three cases and 43 controls of similar breed, age and bodyweight were included. Concurrent radiation and vinblastine chemotherapy did not appear to increase the risk of neutropenia, which was observed in 18.6 and 23.2% of cases in the RT and control groups, respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Radiation and vinblastine chemotherapy can be safely combined in dogs with mast cell tumours without increasing the risk of clinically important myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stiborova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - E Treggiari
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,Centro Specialistico Veterinario, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - I Amores-Fuster
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - I Del Busto
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - D Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - T Maddox
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - M Marrington
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn, WA7 3FW, UK
| | - S L Mason
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Basildon, SS15 6TP, UK
| | - L Blackwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
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22
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Henklewska M, Pawlak A, Kutkowska J, Pruchnik H, Rapak A, Obminska-Mrukowicz B. In vitro effects of the activity of novel platinum (II) complex in canine and human cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:497-506. [PMID: 31111625 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of novel platinum derivative, a complex of platinum with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (Pt-TCEP), has been evaluated in canine (D-17) and human osteosarcoma (U2-OS) cell lines. Viability of cells after incubation for 24 or 72 hours with increasing concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5, 10 and 20 μM) of Pt-TCEP was tested in an MTT assay and compared to effect of cisplatin. Longer-term effect of Pt-TCEP was evaluated in the colony-forming unit assay after 24 hours exposure to the Pt-TCEP (2 and 3 μM) and subsequent incubation for 2 weeks. The influence of the compound on the cell cycle was measured after 24 hours treatment with Pt-TCEP (3 μM). Its pro-apoptotic activity was examined after 24 hours treatment with Pt-TCEP (1.25, 2.50, 5, 10 and 20 μM) using flow cytometry. Expression of main proteins involved in apoptosis was measured after exposure for 24 hours to 3 or 5 μM Pt-TCEP in Western Blot. The compound much more effectively decreased cell viability than cisplatin in case of both cell lines. IC50 of Pt-TCEP was 5.93 ± 0.12 in D-17 and 3.45 ± 0.14 in U2-OS cell lines after 24 hours, and 1.77 ± 0.14 in D-17 and 1.53 ± 0.11 in U2-OS after 72 hours (P < .05). The compound arrested cells in the G2/M phase and inhibited the ability of cells to form colonies. Pt-TCEP induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. The expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL protein was decreased after Pt-TCEP treatment in both cell lines. The results confirmed anti-cancer activity of Pt-TCEP against canine and human osteosarcoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Henklewska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Kutkowska
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Science, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Pruchnik
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Science, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Obminska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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23
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Iwasaki R, Shimosato Y, Yoshikawa R, Goto S, Yoshida K, Murakami M, Kawabe M, Sakai H, Mori T. Survival analysis in dogs with urinary transitional cell carcinoma that underwent whole-body computed tomography at diagnosis. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:385-393. [PMID: 31012230 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate factors associated with survival and to compare characteristics between tumour localizations in dogs with urinary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) that underwent whole-body computed tomography (CT) at diagnosis. Dogs with histologically confirmed TCC that received medical therapy between 2010 and 2017 were included; dogs that underwent surgery or radiotherapy for the primary tumour were excluded. According to the CT findings, primary tumour localization (classified into the Bladder, Urethra and Bladder and Urethra groups), prostate involvement, iliosacral lymphadenomegaly, sternal lymphadenomegaly and metastasis to the bone and lung were evaluated for survival analysis. CT at diagnosis revealed iliosacral lymphadenomegaly, sternal lymphadenomegaly, bone metastasis and lung metastasis in 47.7%, 18.5%, 24.6% and 35.4% of the 65 included dogs, respectively. The overall median survival time was 196 days. On multivariable analysis, TCC localization (hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; P = .037), bone metastasis (HR, 2.76; P = .013) and sternal lymphadenomegaly (HR, 3.56; P = .004) were significantly associated with survival. Compared to the Bladder group (n = 16), the Urethra group (n = 26) had higher metastasis rates to the bone (6.3% vs 42.3%; P = .045) and lung (6.3% vs 46.2%; P = .022). The survival time was shorter in the Urethra group than in the Bladder group (121.5 vs 420 days; P < .001), and it was similar only in female dogs (247 vs 420 days; P = .031). These findings suggest that whole-body CT could be valuable for predicting the prognosis in urinary TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Iwasaki
- Animal Medical Centre, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuka Shimosato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sho Goto
- Animal Medical Centre, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mami Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mifumi Kawabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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24
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de Brot S, Grau-Roma L, Stirling-Stainsby C, Dettwiler M, Guscetti F, Meier D, Scase T, Robinson BD, Gardner D, Mongan NP. A Fibromyxoid Stromal Response is Associated with Muscle Invasion in Canine Urothelial Carcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2019; 169:35-46. [PMID: 31159949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Canine urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of cancer of the lower urinary tract and tends to affect elderly neutered female dogs, with a high predisposition for Scottish terriers. Tumour stroma, inflammation and necrosis are poorly characterized in canine UC and their role as prognostic factors is unknown. The aims of this study were to (1) assess histologically 381 canine UCs, with emphasis on myxoid tumour stroma, inflammation and necrosis and (2) assess possible associations between these features and the available epidemiological data as well as bladder wall muscle invasion. In 103 of 381 (27%) cases, the stroma was mixed collagenous and myxoid (fibromyxoid), which was strongly associated with invasive growth of muscle (P <0.0001). Peritumoural and intratumoural inflammation was present in 308 of 345 (89%) and 287 of 381 (75%) cases, respectively, and was mostly mild and lymphoplasmacytic. One hundred and fifteen of the 381 (30%) cases showed a variable eosinophilic inflammation and 58 of 381 (15%) presented with formations of one or several lymphoid follicles. Twenty-four percent (91 of 381) of cases had tumour necrosis, which was typically mild. In 83 of 91 (91%) cases, the necrosis was comedo-like. Moderate to severe tumour necrosis was associated with the presence of moderate to predominant fibromyxoid tumour stroma (P <0.02). The results of this study indicate that fibromyxoid stroma is common in canine UC and is a strong indicator for invasive growth of muscle, which is consistent with a poor prognosis. Based on histomorphology, tumour necrosis in canine UC is best described as comedonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S de Brot
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK; Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - L Grau-Roma
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - M Dettwiler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Meier
- Zyto-Histo Diagnostics, Freienstein, Switzerland
| | - T Scase
- Bridge Pathology Ltd., Bristol, UK
| | | | - D Gardner
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - N P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
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25
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Abstract
Primary renal tumors are an uncommon diagnosis in small animals. Presentation, treatment, and prognosis depend on tumor type. Surgery with or without chemotherapy are the mainstays of treatment. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common tumor of the urinary system. Clinical signs include hematuria, stranguria, and pollakiuria. Metastatic disease can develop over time within medial iliac lymph nodes, lungs, and vertebrae. Treatment of transitional cell carcinoma centers on chemotherapy with mitoxantrone, vinblastine, or carboplatin. Other agents used with success, include toceranib phosphate and chlorambucil. Interventional surgery, such as stenting and laser ablation, is used in a palliative setting addressing urinary obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Elaine Burgess
- Department of Clinical Science, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| | - Carol J DeRegis
- Piper Memorial Veterinary Center, 730 Randolph Road, Middletown, CT 06457, USA
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26
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Abstract
Dogs are second only to humans in medical surveillance and preventative health care, leading to a recent perception of increased cancer incidence. Scientific priorities in veterinary oncology have thus shifted, with a demand for cancer genetic screens, better diagnostics, and more effective therapies. Most dog breeds came into existence within the last 300 years, and many are derived from small numbers of founders. Each has undergone strong artificial selection, in which dog fanciers selected for many traits, including body size, fur type, color, skull shape, and behavior, to create novel breeds. The adoption of the breed barrier rule-no dog may become a registered member of a breed unless both its dam and its sire are registered members-ensures a relatively closed genetic pool within each breed. As a result, there is strong phenotypic homogeneity within breeds but extraordinary phenotypic variation between breeds. One consequence of this is the high level of breed-associated genetic disease. We and others have taken advantage of this to identify genes for a large number of canine maladies for which mouse models do not exist, particularly with regard to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Dayna L Dreger
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; .,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jacquelyn M Evans
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
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27
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Ravicini S, Baines SJ, Taylor A, Amores-Fuster I, Mason SL, Treggiari E. Outcome and prognostic factors in medically treated canine prostatic carcinomas: A multi-institutional study. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:450-458. [PMID: 29806232 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Literature describing medical treatment of canine prostatic carcinoma (PC) is sparse. The aims of this study were to assess outcomes, including time to progression (TTP) and median survival time (MST), of canine PC treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or chemotherapy, and to identify prognostic factors. Records from 8 institutions were searched for dogs with cytologically or histologically confirmed PC without bladder involvement: 67 dogs were included. Presenting signs were urinary (25), gastrointestinal ([GI], 11) and systemic (3); 16 dogs had GI and urinary signs, 7 dogs had systemic signs with concurrent GI or urinary signs and in 5 dogs the tumour was an incidental finding. Out of 27 dogs, 9 (33%) had positive urine culture. Metastases were identified in 26 dogs to lymph nodes (19), lungs (10), bone (2) and liver (1). Treatment included NSAIDs and chemotherapy (32), NSAIDs alone (31) and chemotherapy alone (4). The overall MST was 82 days (range 9-752) and median TTP was 63 days (range 9-752). Dogs receiving NSAIDs combined with chemotherapy experienced a significantly longer MST (106 vs 51 days; P = .035) and TTP (76 vs 44 days; P = .02) compared to dogs receiving NSAIDs alone. Intact dogs and those with metastatic disease had significantly shorter MST (31 vs 90 days, P = .018 and 49 vs 109 days, P = .037, respectively); intact dogs also had significantly shorter TTP (25 vs 63 days, P = .0003). This study suggests that a combination of NSAIDs and chemotherapy may improve outcomes in canine PC. Metastatic disease and being entire negatively influenced prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ravicini
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | - S J Baines
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | - A Taylor
- Royal Veterinary College, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - I Amores-Fuster
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, Wirral, UK
| | - S L Mason
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Treggiari
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
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28
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Bennett TC, Matz BM, Henderson RA, Straw RC, Liptak JM, Selmic LE, Collivignarelli F, Buracco P. Total prostatectomy as a treatment for prostatic carcinoma in 25 dogs. Vet Surg 2018; 47:367-377. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad M. Matz
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine; Auburn Alabama
| | | | - Rodney C. Straw
- Australian Animal Cancer Foundation; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Laura E. Selmic
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
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29
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Anesi S, Parry AT, Monti P, Elliott J. Radiographic appearance of an osseous metastasis to the distal radius from a transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Anesi
- Intern, Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral CentreSolihullUK
| | - Andrew T Parry
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingWillows Veterinary Centre and Referral CentreSolihullUK
| | - Paola Monti
- Department of Clinical PathologyDWR DiagnosticSix Mile BottomUK
| | - James Elliott
- Department of OncologyWillows Veterinary Centre and Referral CentreSolihullUK
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30
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Henry CJ, Flesner BK, Bechtel SA, Bryan JN, Tate DJ, Selting KA, Lattimer JC, Bryan ME, Grubb L, Hausheer F. Clinical Evaluation of Tavocept to Decrease Diuresis Time and Volume in Dogs with Bladder Cancer Receiving Cisplatin. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:370-376. [PMID: 29080252 PMCID: PMC5787204 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common bladder cancer of dogs. Cisplatin combined with piroxicam provides superior response rates, but unacceptable rates of nephrotoxicity. Tavocept is a chemoprotectant that has mitigated cisplatin toxicity and decreased the required infusion/diuresis volume in clinical trials in humans. Hypothesis/Objectives We hypothesized that Tavocept would decrease diuresis volume and time and facilitate safe administration of a cisplatin/piroxicam protocol to dogs with bladder cancer. Secondary objectives were to compare response rate and survival times to an historical comparator group treated without Tavocept. Animals Fourteen client‐owned dogs were prospectively enrolled. Methods Tumor volume was measured by computed tomography at days 0, 42, and 84. Dogs received combination Tavocept/cisplatin with a shortened diuresis protocol. A total of 4 doses was planned, with concurrent administration of piroxicam. Serial biochemical analyses were evaluated for azotemia. Results A 90‐minute infusion/diuresis time was used for all dogs. Three dogs (21%) had concurrent increases in serum creatinine (>2.0 mg/dL) and BUN (>42 mg/dL) concentrations; 2 of these dogs were isosthenuric. This frequency of nephrotoxicity is significantly less (P = 0.0406) than that of an historical control group treated without Tavocept. Overall response rate was 27%. Median survival time was comparable to historical controls (253 vs. 246 days). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Tavocept decreased the required diuresis time with cisplatin from > 6 hours to 90 minutes, while also decreasing occurrence of azotemia. Survival time was comparable, but the response rate was inferior to an historical comparator group. Further evaluation in other tumors susceptible to platinum agents is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Henry
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - B K Flesner
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - S A Bechtel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - J N Bryan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - D J Tate
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - K A Selting
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - J C Lattimer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - M E Bryan
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - L Grubb
- TriviumVet, Waterford, Ireland
| | - F Hausheer
- BioNumerik Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Antonio, TX
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Millanta F, Impellizeri J, McSherry L, Rocchigiani G, Aurisicchio L, Lubas G. Overexpression of HER-2 via immunohistochemistry in canine urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma - A marker of malignancy and possible therapeutic target. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:297-300. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Millanta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | | | | | - G. Rocchigiani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | | | - G. Lubas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
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Treggiari E, Elliott JW. Malignant pilomatricoma in a dog with local and distant metastases treated with chemotherapy and bisphosphonates. Open Vet J 2017; 7:208-213. [PMID: 28795016 PMCID: PMC5538085 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v7i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A ten-year-old male neutered cross breed dog presented for evaluation of a mass associated with the left scapular bone, identified as a carcinoma. The dog had a malignant pilomatricoma removed from the left lateral thigh 6 months earlier. Histopathology review of the cutaneous and scapular mass identified the same tumour type, confirming metastatic disease; additional metastases to the inguinal lymph node, liver and lungs were identified. Chemotherapy resulted in partial responses/stable disease of very short duration. Bisphosphonates were administered due to lack of a measurable response and worsening of the associated lameness. The patient ultimately developed a symptomatic vertebral metastasis and was euthanased. The dog survived 255 days since medical treatment was started and 455 days since surgical removal of the primary tumour. This case report suggests that medical treatment with the addition of analgesia may be able to palliate clinical signs and possibly extend survival in dogs with metastatic epithelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Treggiari
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Solihull, B90 4NH, West Midlands, UK
| | - James W Elliott
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Solihull, B90 4NH, West Midlands, UK
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Naturally Occurring Canine Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer: A Complementary Animal Model to Improve the Success Rate in Human Clinical Trials of New Cancer Drugs. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:6589529. [PMID: 28487862 PMCID: PMC5401760 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6589529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic analyses are defining numerous new targets for cancer therapy. Therapies aimed at specific genetic and epigenetic targets in cancer cells as well as expanded development of immunotherapies are placing increased demands on animal models. Traditional experimental models do not possess the collective features (cancer heterogeneity, molecular complexity, invasion, metastasis, and immune cell response) critical to predict success or failure of emerging therapies in humans. There is growing evidence, however, that dogs with specific forms of naturally occurring cancer can serve as highly relevant animal models to complement traditional models. Invasive urinary bladder cancer (invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC)) in dogs, for example, closely mimics the cancer in humans in pathology, molecular features, biological behavior including sites and frequency of distant metastasis, and response to chemotherapy. Genomic analyses are defining further intriguing similarities between InvUC in dogs and that in humans. Multiple canine clinical trials have been completed, and others are in progress with the aim of translating important findings into humans to increase the success rate of human trials, as well as helping pet dogs. Examples of successful targeted therapy studies and the challenges to be met to fully utilize naturally occurring dog models of cancer will be reviewed.
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Marvel SJ, Séguin B, Dailey DD, Thamm DH. Clinical outcome of partial cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the canine bladder. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 15:1417-1427. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Marvel
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - B. Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - D. D. Dailey
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - D. H. Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
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Rippy SB, Gardner HL, Nguyen SM, Warry EE, Portela RA, Drost WT, Hostnik ET, Green EM, Chew DJ, Peng J, London CA. A pilot study of toceranib/vinblastine therapy for canine transitional cell carcinoma. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:257. [PMID: 27855679 PMCID: PMC5114733 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effective therapies for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) are limited, with objective response rates to most chemotherapeutic regimens below 20%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biologic activity of combined toceranib phosphate and vinblastine chemotherapy for treatment of TCC. A secondary objective was to compare the utility of Computed Tomography (CT) and abdominal ultrasound (AUS) in tumor response assessments. Results Dogs with TCC received vinblastine at 1.6 mg/m2 every 2 weeks and toceranib at 2.5–2.75 mg/kg on Monday/Wednesday/Friday. Tumor monitoring was achieved through CT and AUS. Five patients completed the 16-week study. Based on AUS assessments, 3 dogs experienced biologic response to therapy including partial responses (PR, n = 2) and stable disease (SD, n = 1). Based on CT, 5 dogs experienced a biologic response (n = 2 PR, n = 3 SD). Both imaging modalities (ultrasound and CT) were found to provide repeatable measurements between operators, however agreement between operator measurements was greater when CT images were used to assess tumor size. Conclusions The combination of toceranib and vinblastine did not result in improved response rates. While agreement in tumor volume assessments between both AUS and CT were excellent between operators, this did not extend to assessment of tumor response. The higher rate of concordance between operators when assessing response to treatment with CT suggests that CT should be considered for future clinical trials involving canine bladder TCC to improve the accuracy and repeatability of tumor measurement. The data suggest that response to therapy as assessed by AUS or CT do not predict duration of clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather L Gardner
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Emma E Warry
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - William Tod Drost
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eric T Hostnik
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eric M Green
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dennis J Chew
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Knapp DW, Ruple-Czerniak A, Ramos-Vara JA, Naughton JF, Fulkerson CM, Honkisz SI. A Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor Enhances the Activity of Vinblastine in a Naturally-Occurring Canine Model of Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma. Bladder Cancer 2016; 2:241-250. [PMID: 27376143 PMCID: PMC4927831 DOI: 10.3233/blc-150044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy is expected to remain an important part of invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) treatment. Strategies to enhance chemotherapy efficacy are needed. Objective: To determine the chemotherapy-enhancing effects of a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor on vinblastine in a naturally-occurring canine model of invasive UC. Methods: With IACUC approval, privately-owned dogs with naturally-occurring histologically-diagnosed invasive UC, expected survival ≥6 weeks, and informed owner consent were randomly allocated to receive vinblastine (2.5 mg/m2 intravenously every 2 weeks) plus piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg daily per os) or vinblastine alone (same dose) with the option to receive piroxicam alone when vinblastine failed. Scheduled evaluations included physical exam, standard laboratory analyses, thoracic radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, and standardized measurement of urinary tract tumors. Results: Dogs receiving vinblastine alone (n = 27) and vinblastine-piroxicam (n = 24) were similar in age, sex, breed, tumor stage, and grade. Remission occurred more frequently (P < 0.02) with vinblastine-piroxicam (58.3%) than with vinblastine alone (22.2%). The median progression free interval was 143 days with vinblastine alone and 199 days with the combination. Interestingly, the overall median survival time was significantly longer (P < 0.03) in dogs receiving vinblastine alone followed by piroxicam alone (n = 20, 531 days) than in dogs receiving the combination (299 days). Treatment was well tolerated in both arms. Conclusions: Piroxicam significantly enhanced the activity of vinblastine in dogs with UC where the cancer closely mimics the human condition, clearly justifying further study. The study suggest the potential importance of tracking COX inhibitor use in patients in clinical trials as COX inhibitors could affect treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah W Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - José A Ramos-Vara
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Sonia I Honkisz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Choy K, Fidel J. TOLERABILITY AND TUMOR RESPONSE OF A NOVEL LOW-DOSE PALLIATIVE RADIATION THERAPY PROTOCOL IN DOGS WITH TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER AND URETHRA. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:341-51. [PMID: 26841125 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously reported radiation protocols for transitional cell carcinoma of the canine lower urinary tract have been ineffective or associated with increased side effects. Objectives of this retrospective, cross-sectional study were to describe safety of and tumor responses for a novel palliative radiation protocol for transitional cell carcinoma in dogs. Included dogs had cytologically or histologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder or urethra, and were treated with 10 once-daily fractions (Monday-Friday) of 2.7 Gy. Thirteen dogs were sampled, with six treated using radiation as first-line (induction) therapy and seven treated using radiation as rescue therapy after failing previous chemotherapy. Within 6 weeks of radiation, 7.6% (1/13) dogs had a complete response, 53.8% (7/13) partial response, 38.5% (5/13) stable disease, and none had progressive disease. Three patients presenting with urethral obstruction had spontaneous micturition restored during the treatment protocol. A single patient with unilateral ureteral obstruction was patent at recheck examination. Median survival time from time of initial diagnosis was 179 days. Median survival time from start of radiation was 150 days. Acute radiation side effects occurred in 31% (4/13) patients and were classified as grade 1 or 2. No significant late side radiation side effects were reported. No variables examined were identified as prognostic factors. Findings indicated that the reported radiation protocol was safe in this sample of dogs with bladder and urethral transitional cell carcinoma. Future prospective studies are needed to determine utility of this treatment as a rescue therapy in patients with complete urinary tract obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Choy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, WA, 99163
| | - Janean Fidel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, WA, 99163
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Culp WTN, Weisse C, Berent AC, Reetz JA, Krick EL, Jackson DE, Kass PH, Clifford CA, Sorenmo KU. Early tumor response to intraarterial or intravenous administration of carboplatin to treat naturally occurring lower urinary tract carcinoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:900-7. [PMID: 25900646 PMCID: PMC4895401 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survival times and tumor responses associated with malignant neoplasia of the lower urinary tract are poor despite the vast array of current treatments. Therefore, the evaluation of alternative treatments, such as intraarterial administration of chemotherapy (IAC) should be considered. Objective To describe a technique for superselective catheterization for IAC and to evaluate initial tumor response by ultrasonography after both IAC and intravenous administration of chemotherapy (IVC). Animals Client‐owned dogs with lower urinary tract neoplasia treated with either IVC (n = 15) or IAC (n = 11). Methods Retrospective study. An arterial approach via the carotid or femoral artery was utilized to obtain superselective access and administer chemotherapy in the IAC cases. Medical record review was performed, data were recorded, and recorded variables were evaluated statistically. Results Intraarterial chemotherapy was successfully administered in all cases. There was a significantly greater decrease in longest unidimensional measurement in the IAC group as compared to the IVC group (P = .013). The IAC group was also significantly more likely to have a tumor response as assessed by modified RECIST guidelines (P = .049). Dogs in the IAC group were significantly less likely to develop anemia (P = .001), lethargy (P = .010) and anorexia (P = .024). Conclusion and Clinical Importance This study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of performing IAC for lower urinary tract neoplasia. Further investigation is necessary as the follow‐up time was short and the impact on long‐term outcome and survival was not determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T N Culp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - C Weisse
- Animal Medical Center, New York City, NY
| | - A C Berent
- Animal Medical Center, New York City, NY
| | - J A Reetz
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E L Krick
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D E Jackson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - P H Kass
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - K U Sorenmo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Abstract
Lower urinary tract neoplasia is uncommon in dogs and cats, though transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common tumor of the lower urinary tract in both species. Clinical signs are not specific for neoplasia, but neoplasia should be considered in patients that are older, have specific risk factors, or have persistent, severe, or relapsing signs. Local disease is often the cause of death or euthanasia; local control is challenging owing to tumor size and location. Systemic therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Prognosis is generally guarded, but therapy can result in improvement in clinical signs and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Cannon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Sara D Allstadt
- BluePearl Veterinary Partners, 13160 Magisterial Drive, Louisville, KY 40223, USA.
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SiRNA knockdown of the DEK nuclear protein mRNA enhances apoptosis and chemosensitivity of canine transitional cell carcinoma cells. Vet J 2015; 204:60-5. [PMID: 25773167 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in dogs is an aggressive malignant neoplasm, originating in the epithelium of the urinary bladder. The DEK nuclear protein is overexpressed in several types of human bladder cancer, where it is involved in chromatin reconstruction, gene transcription and apoptosis. Since DEK represents a potential therapeutic target for canine TCC, this study was designed to investigate DEK expression in canine TCC and to determine the effects of DEK mRNA silencing on TCC cells in vitro. The gene expression profiles of seven selected cancer-associated genes was assessed in four canine TCC cell lines and expression of DEK protein was evaluated in bladder tissue biopsies from healthy dogs and those affected with cystitis or TCC. After transfection of four canine TCC cell lines with DEK-specific or scrambled siRNA, annexin V staining was performed to evaluate apoptosis, and methylthiazole tetrazolium assays were performed to assess both cell viability and sensitivity to carboplatin. DEK mRNA expression was relatively high in canine TCC cells and expression of the DEK protein was significantly greater in TCC tumours compared with the other tissue samples. After transfection with DEK-specific siRNA, apoptosis, cell growth inhibition, and enhanced sensitivity to carboplatin were observed in all TCC cells assessed. These research findings suggest that DEK could be a potential therapeutic target for canine TCC.
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Abstract
Domestic dogs are unique from other animal models of cancer in that they generally experience spontaneous disease. In addition, most types of cancer observed in humans are found in dogs, suggesting that canines may be an informative system for the study of cancer genetics. Domestic dogs are divided into over 175 breeds, with members of each breed sharing significant phenotypes. The breed barrier enhances the utility of the model, especially for genetic studies where small numbers of genes are hypothesized to account for the breed cancer susceptibility. These facts, combined with recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies allows for an unrivaled ability to use pet dog populations to find often subtle mutations that promote cancer susceptibility and progression in dogs as a whole. The meticulous record keeping associated with dog breeding makes the model still more powerful, as it facilitates both association analysis and family-based linkage studies. Key to the success of these studies is their cooperative nature, with owners, scientists, veterinarians and breed clubs working together to avoid the cost and unpopularity of developing captive populations. In this article we explore these principals and advocate for colony-free, genetic studies that will enhance our ability to diagnose and treat cancer in dogs and humans alike.
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42
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Management of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in dogs: a review. Vet J 2015; 205:217-25. [PMID: 25747698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), also referred to as urothelial carcinoma, is the most common form of urinary bladder cancer in dogs, affecting tens of thousands of dogs worldwide each year. Canine TCC is usually a high grade invasive cancer. Problems associated with TCC include urinary tract obstruction, distant metastases in >50% of affected dogs, and clinical signs that are troubling both to the dogs and to their owners. Risk factors for TCC include exposure to older types of flea control products and lawn chemicals, obesity, female sex, and a very strong breed-associated risk. This knowledge is allowing pet owners to take steps to reduce the risk of TCC in their dog. The diagnosis of TCC is made by histopathology of tissue biopsies obtained by cystoscopy, surgery, or catheter. Percutaneous aspirates and biopsies should be avoided due to the risk of tumor seeding. TCC is most commonly located in the trigone region of the bladder precluding complete surgical resection. Medical treatment is the mainstay for TCC therapy in dogs. Although TCC is not usually curable in dogs, multiple drugs have activity against it. Approximately 75% of dogs respond favorably to TCC treatment and can enjoy several months to a year or more of good quality life. Many promising new therapies for TCC are emerging and with the close similarity between TCC in dogs and high grade invasive bladder cancer in humans, new treatment strategies found to be successful in canine studies are expected to help dogs and to be subsequently translated to humans.
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Allstadt SD, Rodriguez CO, Boostrom B, Rebhun RB, Skorupski KA. Randomized phase III trial of piroxicam in combination with mitoxantrone or carboplatin for first-line treatment of urogenital tract transitional cell carcinoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:261-7. [PMID: 25619518 PMCID: PMC4858101 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reported response rates of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in dogs to piroxicam in combination with either mitoxantrone or carboplatin are similar; however, it is unknown whether either drug might provide superior duration of response. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine if the progression-free interval (PFI) of dogs with TCC treated with mitoxantrone and piroxicam was different than that of dogs receiving carboplatin and piroxicam. The hypothesis was that the efficacy of mitoxantrone is no different from carboplatin. ANIMALS Fifty dogs with TCC without azotemia. METHODS Prospective open-label phase III randomized study. Either mitoxantrone or carboplatin was administered every 3 weeks concurrently with piroxicam with restaging at 6-week intervals. Twenty-four dogs received carboplatin and 26 received mitoxantrone. RESULTS Response was not different between groups (P = .56). None of the dogs showed complete response. In the mitoxantrone group, there were 2 (8%) partial responses (PR) and 18 (69%) dogs with stable disease (SD). In the carboplatin group, there were 3 PR (13%) and 13 (54%) dogs with SD. The PFI was not significantly different between groups (mitoxantrone = 106 days; carboplatin = 73.5 days; P = .62; hazard ratio 0.86; 95% confidence interval 0.47-1.56). Dogs with prostatic involvement experienced a shorter survival (median, 109 days) compared to dogs with urethral, trigonal, or apically located tumors; this difference was significant (median 300, 190, and 645 days, respectively; P = .005). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This study did not detect a different in outcome in dogs with TCC treated with either mitoxantrone or carboplatin in combination with piroxicam.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Allstadt
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA
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Animal model of naturally occurring bladder cancer: characterization of four new canine transitional cell carcinoma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:465. [PMID: 24964787 PMCID: PMC4082678 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development and further characterization of animal models for human cancers is important for the improvement of cancer detection and therapy. Canine bladder cancer closely resembles human bladder cancer in many aspects. In this study, we isolated and characterized four primary transitional cell carcinoma (K9TCC) cell lines to be used for future in vitro validation of novel therapeutic agents for bladder cancer. Methods Four K9TCC cell lines were established from naturally-occurring canine bladder cancers obtained from four dogs. Cell proliferation rates of K9TCC cells in vitro were characterized by doubling time. The expression profile of cell-cycle proteins, cytokeratin, E-cadherin, COX-2, PDGFR, VEGFR, and EGFR were evaluated by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Western blotting (WB) analysis and compared with established human bladder TCC cell lines, T24 and UMUC-3. All tested K9TCC cell lines were assessed for tumorigenic behavior using athymic mice in vivo. Results Four established K9TCC cell lines: K9TCC#1Lillie, K9TCC#2Dakota, K9TCC#4Molly, and K9TCC#5Lilly were confirmed to have an epithelial-cell origin by morphology analysis, cytokeratin, and E-cadherin expressions. The tested K9TCC cells expressed UPIa (a specific marker of the urothelial cells), COX-2, PDGFR, and EGFR; however they lacked the expression of VEGFR. All tested K9TCC cell lines confirmed a tumorigenic behavior in athymic mice with 100% tumor incidence. Conclusions The established K9TCC cell lines (K9TCC#1Lillie, K9TCC#2Dakota, K9TCC#4Molly, and K9TCC#5Lilly) can be further utilized to assist in development of new target-specific imaging and therapeutic agents for canine and human bladder cancer.
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Knapp DW, Ramos-Vara JA, Moore GE, Dhawan D, Bonney PL, Young KE. Urinary Bladder Cancer in Dogs, a Naturally Occurring Model for Cancer Biology and Drug Development. ILAR J 2014; 55:100-18. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilu018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Bracha S, Walshaw R, Danton T, Holland S, Ruaux C, Obradovich J. Evaluation of toxicities from combined metronomic and maximal-tolerated dose chemotherapy in dogs with osteosarcoma. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:369-74. [PMID: 24803081 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the tolerability of a piroxicam and cyclophosphamide metronomic treatment protocol combined with carboplatin alone or carboplatin and doxorubicin at maximal-tolerated doses. METHODS Retrospective study of 30 dogs diagnosed with osteosarcoma. All dogs underwent amputation and chemotherapy treatment with one of the two maximal-tolerated dose protocols. Metronomic chemotherapy was administered in conjunction with these protocols, and continued subsequently. The protocols included 0 · 3 mg/kg piroxicam and 10 to 12 mg/M(2) cyclophosphamide with 300 mg/M(2) carboplatin alone, or 300 mg/M(2) carboplatin alternating with 30 mg/M(2) doxorubicin. RESULTS Fourteen dogs were treated with the carboplatin and metronomic protocol and 16 were treated with the carboplatin alternating with doxorubicin and metronomic protocol. Grades 3 and 4 toxicities overall were significantly (P = 0 · 018) more common in the former group. The disease-free interval of the carboplatin and metronomic group was 192 days, which was not significantly different (P = 0 · 916) to the 182 days for the carboplatin alternating with doxorubicin and metronomic group. The median survival times of the two groups were 217 and 189 days, respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Piroxicam and cyclophosphamide metronomic protocols can be safely administered in combination with maximal-tolerated dose chemotherapy protocols. A significantly higher frequency of toxicities was observed in dogs treated with the carboplatin and metronomic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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A multiplex biomarker approach for the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma from canine urine. Anal Biochem 2014; 455:41-7. [PMID: 24704347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), the most common cancer of the urinary bladder in dogs, is usually diagnosed at an advanced disease stage with limited response to chemotherapy. Commercial screening tests lack specificity and current diagnostic procedures are invasive. A proof of concept pilot project for analyzing the canine urinary proteome as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for TCC identification was conducted. Urine was collected from 12 dogs in three cohorts (healthy, urinary tract infection, TCC) and analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The presence of four proteins (macrophage capping protein, peroxiredoxin 5, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B, and apolipoprotein A1) was confirmed via immunoblot. Of the total 379 proteins identified, 96 were unique to the TCC group. A statistical model, designed to evaluate the accuracy of this multiplex biomarker approach for diagnosis of TCC, predicted the presence of disease with 90% accuracy.
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Schrempp DR, Childress MO, Stewart JC, Leach TN, Tan KM, Abbo AH, de Gortari AE, Bonney PL, Knapp DW. Metronomic administration of chlorambucil for treatment of dogs with urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:1534-8. [PMID: 23683018 DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.11.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the antitumor effects and toxicoses of metronomic oral administration of a low dose of chlorambucil in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). DESIGN Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS 31 client-owned dogs with TCC for which prior treatments had failed or owners had declined other treatments. Procedures-Chlorambucil (4 mg/m2, PO, q 24 h) was administered to dogs. Before and at scheduled times during treatment, evaluations of dogs included physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical analyses, urinalysis, thoracic and abdominal imaging including cystosonography for measurement of TCCs, and grading of toxicoses. RESULTS 29 of 31 dogs had failed prior TCC treatment. Of the 30 dogs with available data, 1 (3%) had partial remission (≥ 50% reduction in tumor volume), 20 (67%) had stable disease (< 50% change in tumor volume), and 9 (30%) had progressive disease (≥ 50% increase in tumor volume or development of additional tumors); 1 dog was lost to follow-up. The median progression-free interval (time from the start of chlorambucil treatment to the day progressive disease was detected) for the dogs was 119 days (range, 7 to 728 days). The median survival time of dogs from the time of the start of chlorambucil treatment was 221 days (range, 7 to 747 days). Few toxicoses were detected; chlorambucil administration was discontinued because of toxicoses in only 1 dog. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Metronomic administration of chlorambucil was well tolerated, and 70% of dogs had partial remission or stable disease. Metronomic administration of chlorambucil may be a treatment option for dogs with TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane R Schrempp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Middleton RP, Nelson R, Li Q, Blanton A, Labuda JA, Vitt J, Inpanbutr N. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3and its analogues increase catalase at the mRNA, protein and activity level in a canine transitional carcinoma cell line. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:452-63. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Nelson
- Nestlé Purina Research; St. Louis MO 63164 USA
| | - Q. Li
- Nestlé Purina Research; St. Louis MO 63164 USA
| | - A. Blanton
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | | | - J. Vitt
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - N. Inpanbutr
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
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Kaye ME, Thamm DH, Weishaar K, Lawrence JA. Vinorelbine rescue therapy for dogs with primary urinary bladder carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:443-51. [PMID: 23981116 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumour activity and toxicoses of vinorelbine as a palliative rescue therapy for dogs with primary urinary bladder carcinoma. Thirteen dogs refractory to prior chemotherapeutics and one dog naïve to chemotherapeutic treatment were enrolled. Vinorelbine (15 mg m(-2) IV) was administered intravenously along with concurrent oral anti-inflammatory drugs, if tolerated. A median of six doses of vinorelbine (range: 1-16) was administered. Two dogs (14%) had partial responses, and eight (57%) experienced stable disease. Subjective improvement in clinical signs was noted in 11 dogs (78%). Adverse events were mild and primarily haematological in nature. Median time to progression was 93 days (range: 20-239 days). Median survival time for all dogs was 187 days; median survival for 13 pre-treated dogs was 207 days. Vinorelbine may have utility in the management of canine primary urinary bladder carcinoma and should be evaluated in a prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Kaye
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - D H Thamm
- The Animal Cancer Center, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Collins, CO, USA
| | - K Weishaar
- The Animal Cancer Center, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Collins, CO, USA
| | - J A Lawrence
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA.,Current address: Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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