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Chiti LE, Gariboldi EM, Stefanello D, De Zani D, Grieco V, Nolff MC. Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy in Cats with Solid Malignancies: An Explorative Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3116. [PMID: 36428344 PMCID: PMC9686746 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence on the utility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) for the staging of dogs with various malignancies; however, comparable information is missing in cats. This multi-institutional study aims at reporting the feasibility and detection rate of SLNB guided by lymphoscintigraphy and the blue dye or near-infrared fluorescent lymphography (NIRF-L) in cats with solid tumors. In total, 12 cats presented with 14 solid malignancies that underwent curative-intent surgical excision of the primary tumor and SLNB were retrospectively enrolled. The mapping technique used, location and number of SLN, correspondence with the regional lymph node (RLN), and histological status of the SLN were retrieved. The detection rate and complications of SLNB were also recorded. NIRF-L was performed in 64.3% of tumors and lymphoscintigraphy in 35.7%. The detection rate was 100% for both techniques. The SLN did not correspond (fully or partially) to the RLN in 71.4% of cases, with multiple SLN being excised in 9/14 tumors. No complications related to SLNB were recorded. At histopathology, metastases were identified in 41.7% of cats, all with mast cell tumors (MCT). SLNB guided by NIRF-L or lymphoscintigraphy is feasible and safe in cats with solid tumors and should be suggested for correct tumor staging in cats, especially with MCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Elena Chiti
- Clinic for Smal Animals Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Maria Gariboldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Mirja Christine Nolff
- Clinic for Smal Animals Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Mickelson MA. Updated Concepts in Oncologic Surgery: Apocrine Gland Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma and Mast Cell Tumors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:549-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Bellamy E, Berlato D. Canine cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours: a review. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:497-511. [PMID: 34671978 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours are common neoplasms in the dog. While the majority can be treated with adequate local therapy alone, a subset demonstrates a biologically aggressive behaviour associated with local recurrence or metastasis. This article reviews the diagnosis and tumour staging of canine mast cell tumours alongside treatment options and the evidence supporting their use. In addition, prognostic markers are evaluated to highlight how one can recognise mast cell tumours that may behave in a biologically aggressive manner as well as the challenges of tumours that are large, infiltrative or in locations not amenable to wide surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bellamy
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
| | - D Berlato
- AniCura AOI Center AG, Hünenberg, 6331, Switzerland
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4
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Fejös C, Troedson K, Ignatenko N, Zablotski Y, Hirschberger J. Extensive staging has no prognostic value in dogs with low-risk mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:265-275. [PMID: 34564910 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In canine mast cell tumours (MCTs), distant metastasis (DM) occurs infrequently. However, high-risk MCTs or tumours with certain negative prognostic factors (NPFs) are those more prone to develop metastatic disease. Accordingly, a thorough workup might not be necessary for MCTs lacking NPFs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of DM and, therefore, the benefit of extensive staging in dogs presenting with and without NPFs. Furthermore, the association between the selected NPFs and DM was assessed, and factors that may have influenced outcome were evaluated. Dogs presenting with at least one NPF (Patnaik III/Kiupel high-grade, LN metastasis, rapid growth, ulceration, recurrence, high-risk location) were defined as high-risk and without as low-risk MCTs. Ninety-nine dogs were included, with 49% of MCTs in the high-risk and 51% in the low-risk group. All seven dogs with DM were identified in the high-risk group; 43% were Patnaik III/Kiupel high-grade tumours. The median survival time (MST) for this subgroup was 84 days. Patnaik III/Kiupel high-grade and rapid growth were NPFs significantly associated with DM at staging. Furthermore, a significant difference (p < .001) in MST was demonstrated between the high-risk and low-risk groups (899 days vs. not reached). NPFs significantly associated with outcome were rapid growth, presence of DM at staging, and surgical tumour excision. These results indicate that extensive staging in the absence of NPFs does not seem to be beneficial. On the other hand, by using the selected NPFs, a subset of MCTs prone to DM can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Fejös
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Troedson
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nataliia Ignatenko
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirschberger
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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5
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Pecceu E, Serra Varela JC, Handel I, Piccinelli C, Milne E, Lawrence J. Ultrasound is a poor predictor of early or overt liver or spleen metastasis in dogs with high-risk mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:389-401. [PMID: 31863546 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting evidence exists regarding the importance of routine abdominal ultrasound (US) with hepatic and splenic fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology during staging of canine mast cell tumours (MCT). The objective of this study was to correlate ultrasonographic and cytologic findings in dogs with strictly defined high-risk MCTs and to determine the influence on outcome. Our hypothesis was that US poorly predicts visceral metastasis in high-risk MCTs and that early metastasis is associated with improved outcome when compared to overt metastasis. US of liver and spleen correlated to cytologic results, categorized as no metastasis, early metastasis or overt metastasis. Of 82 dogs prospectively enrolled, 18% had early visceral metastasis and 7% had overt metastasis on cytology; 67% with visceral metastasis had regional LN metastasis. US was a poor predictor of metastasis with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the spleen of 67%, 68%, 21% and 94%, respectively and for the liver of 29%, 93%, 56% and 82%, respectively. Median time to progression (TTP) for dogs with no metastasis, early metastasis and overt metastasis was not reached, 305 and 69 days, respectively (P < .001). Median survival time (MST) for the 3 groups were not reached, 322 and 81 days, respectively (P < .001). High Patnaik or Kiupel grade, early metastasis, overt metastasis and adequate local control were significantly associated with outcome. Early visceral metastasis was associated with poorer outcome compared to dogs without metastasis, however, a subset of dogs experienced long-term control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Pecceu
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Serra Varela
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Ian Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Chiara Piccinelli
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Elspeth Milne
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
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Hughes JR, Szladovits B, Drees R. Abdominal CT evaluation of the liver and spleen for staging mast cell tumors in dogs yields nonspecific results. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:306-315. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Hughes
- Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary College North Mymms Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
| | - Balazs Szladovits
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesHawkshead Lane North Mymms Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
| | - Randi Drees
- Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary College North Mymms Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
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Sabattini S, Renzi A, Marconato L, Militerno G, Agnoli C, Barbiero L, Rigillo A, Capitani O, Tinto D, Bettini G. Comparison between May-Grünwald-Giemsa and rapid cytological stains in fine-needle aspirates of canine mast cell tumour: Diagnostic and prognostic implications. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:511-517. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sabattini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - A. Renzi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario Veterinary Clinic; Sasso Marconi Italy
| | - G. Militerno
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - C. Agnoli
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Barbiero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - A. Rigillo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - O. Capitani
- Surgical Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - D. Tinto
- Surgical Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - G. Bettini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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8
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Olsen JA, Thomson M, O'Connell K, Wyatt K. Combination vinblastine, prednisolone and toceranib phosphate for treatment of grade II and III mast cell tumours in dogs. Vet Med Sci 2018; 4:237-251. [PMID: 29797551 PMCID: PMC6090407 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study evaluates the progression-free interval and survival outcomes of 40 canine (Canis familiaris) patients with Patnaik grade II and III mast cell tumours treated with combination vinblastine, prednisolone and toceranib phosphate from 2011 to 2015. Patients were subdivided into three groups; patients who received neoadjuvant therapy for poorly operable lesions, patients who received adjuvant therapy following surgical resection and patients being palliated for gross metastatic disease. Median survival time (MST) for the neoadjuvant group was not reached. Median survival time for the remaining groups was 893 days and 218 days, respectively. This combination demonstrated response in 90% (26/29) patients with measurable disease. The predominant side effects related to this chemotherapy combination were gastrointestinal in origin. Further prospective studies are required to further validate the efficacy of this treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A. Olsen
- Perth Veterinary SpecialistsOsborne ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | | | - Ken Wyatt
- Perth Veterinary SpecialistsOsborne ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
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9
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Sledge DG, Webster J, Kiupel M. Canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: A combined clinical and pathologic approach to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection. Vet J 2016; 215:43-54. [PMID: 27372911 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In view of the varied biologic behavior and the costs of treatment for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors, development of appropriate treatment plans for individual affected dogs can be difficult, but decisions regarding treatment should be made using a systematic, evidence-based approach. This manuscript reviews the current state of diagnostics and prognostication of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors, and suggests a combined approach based on clinical and pathologic assessment for decision making regarding treatment choices. The current state of histologic grading, evaluation of proliferation indices, evaluation of mutations in the c-kit gene and KIT expression, evaluation of excision and clinical staging are examined. On the basis of the current understanding of prognostication and treatment response, algorithms for selection of local and systemic therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dodd G Sledge
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA.
| | - Joshua Webster
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
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10
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Warland J, Brioschi V, Owen L, Dobson J. Canine mast cell tumours: decision‐making and treatment. IN PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.h3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Garrett LD. Canine mast cell tumors: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2014; 5:49-58. [PMID: 32670846 PMCID: PMC7337164 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s41005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common malignant skin cancer in dogs, and significant variability exists in their biological behavior. Most MCTs are cured with appropriate local therapy, but a subset shows malignant behavior with the potential to spread to lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and other areas and to thus become a systemic cancer. Because of this variable behavior, it is difficult to predict how any individual tumor is going to behave. The variability thus creates uncertainty in deciding what a particular dog’s prognosis is, whether staging tests to assess for metastasis are needed, and even what treatments will be necessary for best outcome. In addition to controversies over the potential for development of systemic disease, or diffuse metastasis, controversies also exist over what treatment is needed to best attain local control of these tumors. This article will briefly discuss the diagnosis of MCTs in dogs and will summarize the literature in regards to the controversial topics surrounding the more aggressive form of this disease, with recommendations made based on published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Garrett
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
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12
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Sharkey LC, Seelig DM, Overmann J. All lesions great and small, part 1: Diagnostic cytology in veterinary medicine. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 42:535-43. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Sharkey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Minnesota; St Paul Minnesota
| | - Davis M. Seelig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Minnesota; St Paul Minnesota
| | - Jed Overmann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Minnesota; St Paul Minnesota
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13
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Masserdotti C. Proportion of mast cells in normal canine hepatic cytologic specimens: comparison of 2 staining methods. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:522-5. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Warland J, Amores-Fuster I, Newbury W, Brearley M, Dobson J. The utility of staging in canine mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 12:287-98. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Warland
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - I. Amores-Fuster
- School of Veterinary Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | | | - M. Brearley
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - J. Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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15
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Blackwood L, Murphy S, Buracco P, De Vos JP, De Fornel-Thibaud P, Hirschberger J, Kessler M, Pastor J, Ponce F, Savary-Bataille K, Argyle DJ. European consensus document on mast cell tumours in dogs and cats. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 10:e1-e29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2012.00341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, The Leahurst Campus; University of Liverpool Chester High Road; Neston Wirral CH64 7TE UK
| | - S. Murphy
- The Animal Health Trust; Suffolk CB8 7UU UK
| | - P. Buracco
- Department of Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Turin; Grugliasco (TO) Italy
| | - J. P. De Vos
- “De Ottenhorst” Veterinary Oncology Referral Centre; Terneuzen The Netherlands
| | - P. De Fornel-Thibaud
- DESV Internal Medicine, Centre de Cancérologie Vétérinaire; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - J. Hirschberger
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Veterinärstr; München Germany
| | | | - J. Pastor
- Patología Médica Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - F. Ponce
- VetAgro Sup; Université Lyon 1; Lyon France
| | | | - D. J. Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; Easter Bush Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
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BOOK ALISONP, FIDEL JANEAN, WILLS TAMARA, BRYAN JEFFREY, SELLON RANCE, MATTOON JOHN. CORRELATION OF ULTRASOUND FINDINGS, LIVER AND SPLEEN CYTOLOGY, AND PROGNOSIS IN THE CLINICAL STAGING OF HIGH METASTATIC RISK CANINE MAST CELL TUMORS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011; 52:548-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Stefanello D, Valenti P, Faverzani S, Bronzo V, Fiorbianco V, Pinto da Cunha N, Romussi S, Cantatore M, Caniatti M. Ultrasound-Guided Cytology of Spleen and Liver: A Prognostic Tool in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:1051-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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