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Stefanello D, Gariboldi EM, Boracchi P, Ferrari R, Ubiali A, De Zani D, Zani DD, Grieco V, Giudice C, Recordati C, Caniatti M, Auletta L, Chiti LE. Weishaar's classification system for nodal metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes: Clinical outcome in 94 dogs with mast cell tumor. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1675-1685. [PMID: 38426589 PMCID: PMC11099738 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic role and prognostic relevance of lymphadenectomy in mast cell tumor (MCT) has historically been evaluated on regional rather than sentinel lymph nodes. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To update information about the association of histological nodal (HN) classes with clinical outcome in dogs with MCT after tumor excision and extirpation of normal-sized sentinel nodes (SLN) guided by radiopharmaceutical. ANIMALS Ninety-four dogs with histologically-confirmed treatment-naïve MCT (71 cutaneous, 22 subcutaneous and 1 conjunctival MCT) were included if without: distant metastases, lymphadenomegaly, concurrent mixed cutaneous, and subcutaneous MCT. METHODS This was a monoistitutional cohort study. Tumors characteristics were retrieved and SLNs were classified according to Weishaar's system. Incidence of MCT-related events (local, nodal, distant relapse), de novo MCT or other tumors and death (MCT-related and non-MCT-related), were recorded. Incidence curves were compared among the HN classes. RESULTS Twenty-seven dogs had HN0, 19 HN1, 37 HN2, and 11 HN3 SLN. Thirteen (2 HN0, 4 HN2, and 7 HN3) received adjuvant chemotherapies. Kiupel high grade, increasing number of SLN and lymphocentrums were associated with higher HN classes. Five dogs died for MCT-related causes: 1 low-grade (HN0) and 1 subcutaneous (HN3) had a local relapse, 2 high-grade had distant relapse (HN3-HN0) and 1 dog developed disease progression from a de novo subcutaneous MCT. No nodal relapse was registered. Fourteen dogs developed de novo MCTs. CONCLUSION/DISCUSSION Low grade/low-risk MCT with nonpalpable and normal sized SLN have a favorable outcome independently from the HN. Result should be considered strictly related to the successful SLN detection guided pre- and intraoperative by radiopharmaceutical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoLodiItaly
| | - Elisa M. Gariboldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoLodiItaly
| | - Patrizia Boracchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e ClinicheUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoLodiItaly
| | - Alessandra Ubiali
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoLodiItaly
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoLodiItaly
| | - Davide D. Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoLodiItaly
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoLodiItaly
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoLodiItaly
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoLodiItaly
| | - Mario Caniatti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoLodiItaly
| | - Luigi Auletta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoLodiItaly
| | - Lavinia E. Chiti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoLodiItaly
- Clinic for Small Animals Surgery—Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Bertola L, Pellizzoni B, Giudice C, Grieco V, Ferrari R, Chiti LE, Stefanello D, Manfredi M, De Zani D, Recordati C. Tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in canine cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241244851. [PMID: 38647163 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241244851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) are common canine neoplasms characterized by variable biological behavior. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be effective prognostic markers in numerous human neoplasms and are increasingly investigated in dogs. The aim of this study was to characterize immune cells in canine MCTs and their relationship with histological location (cutaneous, subcutaneous) and histologic nodal metastatic status (HN0-3). Thirty-eight MCTs (26 cutaneous, 12 subcutaneous) from 33 dogs with known sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastatic status were immunolabeled for Iba1 (macrophages), CD20 (B cells), CD3 (T cells), and Foxp3 (regulatory T cells). Semiquantitative scoring of interstitial and perivascular CD3+, CD20+, and Foxp3+ cells and morphological evaluation of Iba1+ cells were performed. For each marker, the percent immunopositive area was evaluated by image analysis. All MCTs were diffusely infiltrated by Iba1+ cells and variably infiltrated by CD20+, CD3+, and rare Foxp3+ cells. Stellate/spindle Iba1+ cells were associated with HN2 and HN3 SLNs. Perivascular Foxp3+ cells, CD3+ cells, and percent CD3+ areas were increased in subcutaneous MCTs. Interstitial CD3+ cells were increased in cutaneous MCTs with HN0 SLNs. No differences in CD20+ cells were identified between cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs and among SLN classes. MCTs were markedly infiltrated by TAMs and variably infiltrated by TILs. Stellate/spindle morphology of TAMs associated with HN2 and HN3 SLNs is suggestive of a pro-tumoral (M2) phenotype. Cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs have different tumor-immune microenvironments, and T-cell infiltration might contribute to prevention of nodal metastatic spread of cutaneous MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bertola
- University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Fondazione UNIMI, Milano, Italy
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Lucaci FD, Battiato P, Bassi J, Zani DD, De Zani D, Vezzoni A, Stranieri A, Longo M. Radiographic and CT features of metallosis in a lame dog after total hip replacement: the cloud sign. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:49-53. [PMID: 38131525 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old female American Akita was referred for CT of the pelvis and hindlimbs due to a left hindlimb lameness after a left total hip replacement. Referral radiographs and CT images demonstrated amorphous soft-tissue and mineral opacities surrounding the proximal femur and the prosthetic stem, consistent with the "cloud sign" reported as a characteristic of metallosis in humans. Dorsomedial displacement of the prosthetic head, multiple foci of geographic osteolysis alongside the "cloud sign", presumed pseudotumor lesions, and medial iliac lymphadenopathy were also identified with CT. Metallosis was confirmed based on ultrasound-guided cytology, revision surgery, and histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Daniel Lucaci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pierantonio Battiato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Jessica Bassi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Angelica Stranieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Maurizio Longo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Frabasile L, Amendola C, Buttafava M, Chincarini M, Contini D, Cozzi B, De Zani D, Guerri G, Lacerenza M, Minero M, Petrizzi L, Qiu L, Rabbogliatti V, Rossi E, Spinelli L, Straticò P, Vignola G, Zani DD, Dalla Costa E, Torricelli A. Non-invasive estimation of in vivo optical properties and hemodynamic parameters of domestic animals: a preliminary study on horses, dogs, and sheep. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1243325. [PMID: 37789868 PMCID: PMC10543119 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1243325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosensors applied in veterinary medicine serve as a noninvasive method to determine the health status of animals and, indirectly, their level of welfare. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been suggested as a technology with this application. This study presents preliminary in vivo time domain NIRS measurements of optical properties (absorption coefficient, reduced scattering coefficient, and differential pathlength factor) and hemodynamic parameters (concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and tissue oxygen saturation) of tissue domestic animals, specifically of skeletal muscle (4 dogs and 6 horses) and head (4 dogs and 19 sheep). The results suggest that TD NIRS in vivo measurements on domestic animals are feasible, and reveal significant variations in the optical and hemodynamic properties among tissue types and species. In horses the different optical and hemodynamic properties of the measured muscles can be attributed to the presence of a thicker adipose layer over the muscle in the Longissimus Dorsi and in the Gluteus Superficialis as compared to the Triceps Brachii. In dogs the absorption coefficient is higher in the head (temporalis musculature) than in skeletal muscles. The smaller absorption coefficient for the head of the sheep as compared to the head of dogs may suggest that in sheep we are indeed reaching the brain cortex while in dog light penetration can be hindered by the strongly absorbing muscle covering the cranium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matteo Chincarini
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Giulia Guerri
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Michela Minero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Lucio Petrizzi
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lina Qiu
- School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Straticò
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vignola
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Emanuela Dalla Costa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, Italy
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Gariboldi EM, Ubiali A, Chiti LE, Ferrari R, De Zani D, Zani DD, Grieco V, Giudice C, Recordati C, Stefanello D, Auletta L. Evaluation of Surgical Aid of Methylene Blue in Addition to Intraoperative Gamma Probe for Sentinel Lymph Node Extirpation in 116 Canine Mast Cell Tumors (2017-2022). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1854. [PMID: 37889797 PMCID: PMC10251889 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylene Blue (MB) is combined with radiopharmaceutical for intraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping, but its role during SLN extirpation has not been investigated yet in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to assess whether MB increased surgical detection of SLN beyond the use of intraoperative gamma-probe (IGP) alone in clinically node-negative dogs with mast cell tumors (MCTs) following the detection of sentinel lymphocentrums (SLCs) via preoperative planar lymphoscintigraphy. Dogs enrolled underwent MCT excision and SLC exploration guided by both MB and IGP. Data recorded for each SLN were staining (blue/non-blue), radioactivity (hot/non-hot), and histopathological status (HN0-1 vs. HN2-3). A total of 103 dogs bearing 80 cutaneous, 35 subcutaneous, and 1 mucocutaneous MCTs were included; 140 SLCs were explored, for a total of 196 SLNs removed. Associating MB with IGP raised the SLNs detection rate from 90% to 95%. A total of 44% of SLNs were metastatic: 86% were blue/hot, 7% were only blue, 5% were only hot, and 2% were non-blue/non-hot. All HN3 SLNs were hot. Combining MB with IGP can increase the rate of SLN detection in dogs with MCTs; nonetheless, all lymph nodes identified during dissection should be removed, as they might be unstained but metastatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maria Gariboldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ubiali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Lavinia Elena Chiti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- Clinic for Small Animals Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Luigi Auletta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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Chiti LE, Gariboldi EM, Ferrari R, Luconi E, Boracchi P, De Zani D, Zani D, Manfredi M, Spediacci C, Grieco V, Giudice C, Recordati C, Ferrari F, Stefanello D. Surgical complications following sentinel lymph node biopsy guided by γ-probe and methylene blue in 113 tumour-bearing dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:62-72. [PMID: 36178370 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an accepted veterinary surgical procedure given the impact of early detection of nodal metastases on staging of several canine malignancies. This study aims at reporting the incidence and risk factors for surgical complications of SLNB in tumour-bearing dogs. A total of 113 client-owned dogs that underwent tumour excision and SLNB guided by γ-probing and blue dye were retrospectively enrolled. Recorded variables included: signalment, location and number of extirpated lymphocenters and nodes, time for SLNB, histopathological status of excised nodes. Incidence of SLNB complications was calculated. They were classified as minor and major based on severity and required treatment, and as short-term (0-30 days) and long-term (31-90 days). Univariate analysis with generalized linear model with binomial error estimated the association between variables and incidence of SLNB complications. Significance was set at 5%. Median overall time for SLNB was 25 min. Surgeons excised one node in 38% of dogs and multiple nodes in 62% of cases, belonging to one (62%) or multiple (38%) lymphocenters. Metastases were detected in 45% of nodes. No intraoperative complications occurred. The overall incidence of postoperative complications of SLNB was 21,24%, the majority of which (91.67%) were minor. Only increasing dogs' weight was associated with an increased incidence of SLNB complications (p = .00976). Sentinel lymphadenectomy was associated with a relatively low incidence of complications, most of which were self-limiting. The low morbidity and previously reported impact on staging of SLNB justify its implementation to collect data for prognostic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Elena Chiti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.,Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) "L. Sacco", LITA Vialba Campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Maria Gariboldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Ester Luconi
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) "L. Sacco", LITA Vialba campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Boracchi
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) "L. Sacco" & DSRC, LITA Vialba campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Davide Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Martina Manfredi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Carlotta Spediacci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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Chiti LE, Gariboldi EM, Stefanello D, De Zani D, Grieco V, Nolff MC. Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy in Cats with Solid Malignancies: An Explorative Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3116. [PMID: 36428344 PMCID: PMC9686746 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence on the utility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) for the staging of dogs with various malignancies; however, comparable information is missing in cats. This multi-institutional study aims at reporting the feasibility and detection rate of SLNB guided by lymphoscintigraphy and the blue dye or near-infrared fluorescent lymphography (NIRF-L) in cats with solid tumors. In total, 12 cats presented with 14 solid malignancies that underwent curative-intent surgical excision of the primary tumor and SLNB were retrospectively enrolled. The mapping technique used, location and number of SLN, correspondence with the regional lymph node (RLN), and histological status of the SLN were retrieved. The detection rate and complications of SLNB were also recorded. NIRF-L was performed in 64.3% of tumors and lymphoscintigraphy in 35.7%. The detection rate was 100% for both techniques. The SLN did not correspond (fully or partially) to the RLN in 71.4% of cases, with multiple SLN being excised in 9/14 tumors. No complications related to SLNB were recorded. At histopathology, metastases were identified in 41.7% of cats, all with mast cell tumors (MCT). SLNB guided by NIRF-L or lymphoscintigraphy is feasible and safe in cats with solid tumors and should be suggested for correct tumor staging in cats, especially with MCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Elena Chiti
- Clinic for Smal Animals Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Maria Gariboldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Mirja Christine Nolff
- Clinic for Smal Animals Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Rabbogliatti V, Amari M, Brioschi FA, Di Cesare F, Zani DD, De Zani D, Di Giancamillo M, Cagnardi P, Ravasio G. Use of dexmedetomidine repeated subcutaneous administration for balanced anaesthesia in horses. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:269. [PMID: 35818051 PMCID: PMC9275161 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A balanced anaesthetic protocol is a common concept in modern veterinary anaesthesia and aims to maintain good intraoperative cardiopulmonary function. In horses, alpha-2-agonists produce sedation and analgesia and have been shown to reduce inhalational anaesthetic requirements when administered intravenously. Furthermore, these drugs can improve recovery quality. Preliminary investigations of subcutaneous dexmedetomidine administration in humans demonstrated a reduced haemodynamic impact if compared with the intravenous route suggesting that dexmedetomidine is adequately absorbed with both administration routes. The aim of the study was to compare two different dexmedetomidine (DEX) administration routes: intravenous constant rate infusion (CRI) versus repeated subcutaneous (SC) injections on cardiopulmonary function and recovery in anaesthetized horses. Results No significant differences between groups in heart rate and systolic arterial pressure were detected. A significantly higher mean and diastolic arterial pressure were detected in the SC group at T25 (p = 0.04; p = 0.02), T75 (p = 0.02; p = 0.009), and T85 (p = 0.001; p = 0.005). In SC group there was a significantly lower dobutamine infusion rate (p = 0.03) and a significantly higher urinary output (p = 0.02). Moreover, recovery quality was higher (p = 0.01). Conclusions Cardiopulmonary effects in both groups were comparable and within clinical ranges with less dobutamine requirement in the subcutaneous group. Recovery was of better quality with fewer attempts in horses receiving subcutaneous dexmedetomidine. The present study suggests that intravenous constant rate infusion and subcutaneous repeated administration of dexmedetomidine at indicated dosage can be useful in balanced anaesthesia without any systemic or local adverse effects; moreover, in healthy horses undergoing general anaesthesia, repeated subcutaneous dexmedetomidine administration may be a suitable alternative if constant rate infusion is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Amari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Di Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Petra Cagnardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Manfredi M, De Zani D, Chiti LE, Ferrari R, Stefanello D, Giudice C, Pettinato V, Longo M, Di Giancamillo M, Zani DD. Preoperative planar lymphoscintigraphy allows for sentinel lymph node detection in 51 dogs improving staging accuracy: Feasibility and pitfalls. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 62:602-609. [PMID: 34131982 PMCID: PMC8518895 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is the current gold standard for the oncological staging of solid malignancies in humans. This prospective observational study describes the feasibility and the limits of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for SLN detection in dogs with spontaneous malignancies and the improvements in staging accuracy. Client‐owned dogs with confirmed malignant neoplasia and absence of distant metastasis were prospectively enrolled. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed after the peritumoral injection of Technetium‐99m labeled nanocolloids. Regional dynamic and static images were acquired, with and without masking of the injection site with a lead shield. The dogs were then subjected to surgery for tumor excision and SLN extirpation. Intraoperative SLN detection was performed by combining methylene blue dye and a dedicated gamma probe. Overall, 51 dogs with a total of 60 solid malignant tumors were enrolled. Lymphoscintigraphy identified at least one SLN in 57 of 60 cases (95%). The SLN did not always correspond to the regional lymph node (35/57, 61.4%). The use of a lead shield, masking the injection site, markedly improved the SLN visibility. The median time of SLN appearance was 11.4 ± 9.3 min. No side effects were observed. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy allows for SLN detection in dogs and can improve staging accuracy by either identifying the SLN in a different lymphosome than clinically expected or discriminating the draining node in uncertain cases. The combined use of preoperative and intraoperative techniques is recommended to increase the SLN detection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Centro Clinico-Veterinario e Zootecnico-Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Lavinia Elena Chiti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Pettinato
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Longo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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Chiti LE, Stefanello D, Manfredi M, Zani DD, De Zani D, Boracchi P, Giudice C, Grieco V, Di Giancamillo M, Ferrari R. To map or not to map the cN0 neck: Impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy in canine head and neck tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:661-670. [PMID: 33886154 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumour stage is a prognostic indicator for canine malignant head and neck tumours (MHNT). However, consensus is lacking on nodal staging in the absence of clinically apparent nodal disease (cN0 neck). This prospective observational study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of radiopharmaceutical and blue dye for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), to assess the correspondence between sentinel lymph node (SLN) and clinically expected regional lymph node (RLN) and the impact on staging of the procedure in dogs with MHNT and cN0 neck. Twenty-three dogs with MHNT and cN0 neck underwent tumour excision and SLNB guided by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma-probe and blue dye. Diagnostic performances and detection rate were calculated. Correspondence between SLN and RLN, number of nodes excised, histopathological status of the SLN and complications related to the procedure were recorded. The mapping technique identified at least one SLN in 19/23 dogs, with a detection rate of 83%. The SLN did not correspond to the RLN in 52% of dogs. Multiple nodes were removed in 61% of dogs. At histopathology, eight (42%) dogs had SLN+, of which four differed from the RLN. Only minor self-limiting complications occurred in five (22%) dogs. Radiopharmaceutical and blue dye guidance is accurate (sensitivity 88.9%; specificity 100%) for SLNB in dogs with MHNT and cN0 and allowed the extirpation of unpredictable and/or multiple SLN with minimal morbidity. Incorporation of SLNB in the management of MHNT is desirable to correctly stage the cN0 neck, owing the unpredictability of the lymphatic drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia E Chiti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Manfredi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide D Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Boracchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Rabbogliatti V, De Zani D, Zani DD, Di Cesare F, Brioschi FA, Gioeni D, Crivellari B, Ravasio G. Comparison of four peribulbar anaesthetic techniques: a preliminary study in equine cadavers. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 48:442-450. [PMID: 33640273 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the peribulbar injectate distribution and probability of regional anaesthesia of four peribulbar anaesthetic techniques in equine cadavers. STUDY DESIGN Prospective experimental cadaver study. ANIMALS A total of 12 isolated equine cadaver heads and 24 eyes. METHODS The 24 orbits underwent one of four injection techniques (six orbits each) with a mixture (1:4) of contrast medium and saline (CM): 20 mL ventrolateral peribulbar injection (V-20), 20 mL dorsolateral peribulbar injection (D-20), combined ventrolateral and dorsolateral peribulbar injections 10 mL each (VD-20) or 20 mL each (VD-40). To evaluate and score CM distribution at the base of, within the extraocular muscle cone (EOMC), and around the optic nerve (before and after pressure application to the periorbital area), computed tomography was performed. To assess the probability of achieving locoregional anaesthesia, two criteria were applied and both scored as 'likely', 'possible' or 'unlikely'. To compare CM distribution scores between injection techniques, Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance was used. Mann-Whitney U test was used for post hoc comparisons between groups when needed. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The CM distribution within the EOMC and around the optic nerve circumference was detected as 'possible' only after pressure application in seven out of 24 orbits (V-20, 3; D-20, 1; VD-40, 3). It was never considered 'likely' either before or after pressure application. The CM distribution at the EOMC base was considered 'likely' to provide regional anaesthesia in 50% (V-20), 0% (D-20), 33% (VD-20), 100% (VD-40) and in 66% (V-20), 16% (D-20), 50% (VD-20), 100% (VD-40) before and after applying pressure, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Complete regional anaesthesia seems more likely using the VD-40 technique, although the authors advise caution due to the risk of potential complications. Future studies are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of the technique in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Clinico Veterinario e Zootecnico Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Clinico Veterinario e Zootecnico Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide D Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Di Cesare
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica A Brioschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Gioeni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Ferrari R, Chiti LE, Manfredi M, Ravasio G, De Zani D, Zani DD, Giudice C, Gambini M, Stefanello D. Biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes after injection of methylene blue and lymphoscintigraphic guidance in 30 dogs with mast cell tumors. Vet Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversità degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - Lavinia E. Chiti
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversità degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - Martina Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversità degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversità degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversità degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - Davide D. Zani
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversità degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversità degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - Matteo Gambini
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversità degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversità degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
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13
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Chiti LE, Martano M, Ferrari R, Boracchi P, Giordano A, Grieco V, Buracco P, Iussich S, Giudice C, Miniscalco B, Zani DD, Proverbio D, Morello E, Stefanello D. Evaluation of leukocyte counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as predictors of local recurrence of feline injection site sarcoma after curative intent surgery. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:105-116. [PMID: 31441996 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Local recurrence (LR) is the major concern in the treatment of feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS). Pretreatment leukocyte counts and ratios have been reported as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers in human and canine oncology. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the prognostic impact on LR and overall survival time (OST) of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), white blood cell count (WBCC), neutrophil count (NC) and lymphocyte count (LC) in cats with surgically excised FISS. Eighty-two cats with histologically confirmed FISS at first presentation, without distant metastases, and with available pretreatment haematological analyses were retrospectively enrolled. The correlation of NLR, WBCC, NC, LC with tumour variables and patient variables was explored. NLR was correlated with tumour size (P = .004), histological pattern of tumour growth (P = .024) and histotype (P = .029), while WBCC and NC were associated with ulceration (P = .007, P = .011) and pattern of growth (P = .028, P = .004). No significant relationships emerged between LC and any of the considered variables. The impact of NLR, WBCC, NC, LC on LR and OST was then estimated in univariate and multivariate analysis. In univariate analysis, NLR, WBCC and NC were significant prognostic factors for both LR and OST. NLR, WBCC and NC remained prognostic in multivariate analysis for LR but not for OST. When NLR, WBCC and NC were jointly analysed, WBCC was the marker with the greater impact on LR. Preoperative NLR, WBCC and NC may aid in identifying cats at higher risk of LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Chiti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Martano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - R Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Boracchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Giordano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Buracco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - S Iussich
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - C Giudice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - B Miniscalco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - D D Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Proverbio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Morello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - D Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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14
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Zani DD, Rabbogliatti V, Ravasio G, Pettinato C, Giancamillo MD, Zani DD. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the foot in horses using intravenous versus regional intraarterial injection of gadolinium. Open Vet J 2018; 8:471-478. [PMID: 30775287 PMCID: PMC6356101 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i4.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of orthopedic pathologies in equine patients is poorly described. In few studies, enhanced MRI allowed to differentiate active lesions from chronic ones and to classify ambiguous lesions. The aim of this clinical prospective pilot study is to describe and compare the MRI lesions observed in horses with lameness localized to the foot using a single intravenous bolus dose of gadolinium contrast versus regional intraarterial bolus of contrast agent. Ten horses that underwent contrast enhanced MRI were included in the study. Gadolinium was injected intravenously in 3 patients and in 7 horses contrast agent was administered by intraarterial regional delivery. Regions of interest (ROI) were collected from both pre- and post-contrast images and ratios between pre- and post-contrast ROIs were calculated. No adverse reactions were noted after contrast agent injection. Injured structures that revealed greater increase in signal in post-contrast images were the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), the navicular spongiosa and the peritendinous tissues. Regional intraarterial administration of gadolinium provided higher ratio of contrast enhancement. Enhanced MRI using both intravenous or intraarterial injection of gadolinium, increased the diagnostic capability of MRI in horses with foot lesions. Nevertheless, regional intraarterial administration of gadolinium was considered the best choice due to the higher signal and lower volumes of contrast agent required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella De Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Clinico Veterinario e Zootecnico Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Clinico Veterinario e Zootecnico Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Clinico Veterinario e Zootecnico Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pettinato
- Department of Medical Physics, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Clinico Veterinario e Zootecnico Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Clinico Veterinario e Zootecnico Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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15
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Fenner MF, Verwilghen D, Townsend N, Simhofer H, Schwarzer J, Zani DD, Bienert-Zeit A. Paranasal sinus cysts in the horse: Complications related to their presence and surgical treatment in 37 cases. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:57-63. [PMID: 29679404 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paranasal sinus cysts (PSC) are a common cause of equine secondary sinusitis. The outcome and associated complications have not been frequently reported. OBJECTIVES To review the associated clinical signs, associated morbidities and outcomes of horses treated for PSC. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective multicentre case series. METHODS Retrospective analysis of case records and telephone follow up survey. RESULTS Subjects were 37 horses 1-24 years old that were presented with nasal discharge (n = 31), facial swelling (n = 25) and epiphora (n = 19). Radiography and computed tomography allowed identification of the cyst-induced changes including concomitant tissue destruction (n = 31), leading among other things to local nerve damage causing headshaking (n = 6) and unilateral blindness (n = 1). Radiographic changes to adjacent dental apices were present in 10 horses. Horses over 10 years old showed more of the named associated problems. Post-operative complications included surgical site infection (SSI) (n = 11), nasofrontal suture periostitis (n = 6) and sequestration (n = 1) following removal of the PSC via osteotomy. The long-term response to treatment was available for 28 cases with 22 horses (78.6%) fully cured, 4 (14.3%) partially cured and 2 (7.1%) not responding to treatment. In 7 horses (18.9%) there was recurrence of the cyst post-operatively. MAIN LIMITATIONS Due to the study being a multicentre retrospective case series with collection of data over an extended period, there may be inconsistency in data recording and absence of reporting of some findings. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the diagnosis and treatment of sinus cysts is relatively straightforward and carries a good prognosis. In long-standing cases complications secondary to the expansive growth of cysts will dramatically affect the prognosis for full recovery due to pressure-induced changes to facial bones, cheek teeth and nerves. These secondary complications mainly occurring in older horses may be due to a combination of a relatively longer period of affection and the inflexibility of older horses' bones. Cyst recurrence following treatment can occur in up to 19% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Fenner
- Large Animal Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Verwilghen
- Large Animal Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Equinespecialists EU, Smorum, Denmark
| | - N Townsend
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - H Simhofer
- Clinic for Large Animal Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Schwarzer
- Veterinary Clinic Gessertshausen, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D D Zani
- Polo Universitario Veterinario Di Lodi, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Bienert-Zeit
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Gervaso F, Mangiavini L, Di Giancamillo A, Boschetti F, Izzo D, Zani DD, Di Giancamillo M, Tessaro I, Domenicucci M, Scalera F, Domeneghini C, Crovace AM, Sannino A, Peretti GM. Comparison of three novel biphasic scaffolds for one-stage treatment of osteochondral defects in a sheep model. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:24-31. [PMID: 28002897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, several tissue engineering techniques have been applied to develop different kinds of osteochondral substitutes to overcome the scarce reparative properties of this tissue. The aim of this study was to generate and compare three biphasic scaffolds in an osteochondral lesion in a large-animal model. A critical osteochondral defect was generated in the medial femoral condyle of 18 skeletally mature sheep. Three defects were left untreated, the remaining lesions were divided into three groups: 5 lesions were treated with a biphasic scaffold made of collagen type I and small cylinders of Magnesium Hydroxyapatite; 5 lesions were treated with a biphasic substituted formed by collagen type I and Wollastonite, 5 lesions were treated with a scaffold made of collagen type I and small cylinders of Wollastonite/Hydroxyapatite. Animals were sacrificed after 3 months and samples were analyzed by CT and MRI, macroscopic evaluation and histology. Our study demonstrated that one of these novel biphasic scaffolds possesses the potential for being applied for one-stage procedures for osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gervaso
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - A Di Giancamillo
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Boschetti
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Structural Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Izzo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - D D Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - I Tessaro
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - M Domenicucci
- Residency Program in Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Scalera
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - C Domeneghini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A M Crovace
- Dottorato di Ricerca in Sanità e Scienze Sperimentali Veterinarie –DMV, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - G M Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Longo M, Binanti D, Zagarella PG, Iocca F, Zani DD, Ravasio G, Giancamillo MD, Zani DD. A rare case of pituitary chromophobe carcinoma in a dog: clinical, tomographic and histopathological findings. Open Vet J 2016; 6:158-161. [PMID: 27800300 PMCID: PMC5079424 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v6i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9 year old male mixed-breed dog was presented for progressive aggressiveness towards the owner. The neurological evaluation was consistent with a forebrain syndrome. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed enlargement of the third ventricle and presence of a large spheroidal neoplasm in the sellar/parasellar region suggestive of a pituitary macroadenoma. On the owner request, the dog was euthanized. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of a pituitary chromophobe carcinoma. To the author’s knowledge, pituitary carcinomas have been rarely described in dogs, especially the chromophobe subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Longo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Az.Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Lodi, Italy; Centro Traumatologico Ortopedico Veterinario, Arenzano (GE), Italy
| | - D Binanti
- AbLab, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Sarzana (SP), Italy
| | - P G Zagarella
- Centro Traumatologico Ortopedico Veterinario, Arenzano (GE), Italy
| | - F Iocca
- Centro Traumatologico Ortopedico Veterinario, Arenzano (GE), Italy
| | - D De Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Az.Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - G Ravasio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Az.Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - M Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Az.Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - D D Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Az.Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Lodi, Italy
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Longo M, Andreis ME, Pettinato C, Ravasio G, Rabbogliatti V, De Zani D, Di Giancamillo M, Zani DD. Use of the bolus tracking technique for the tomographic evaluation of the uretero-vesicular junction in dogs and assessment of dose records. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:64. [PMID: 27026013 PMCID: PMC5477813 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the work is the application of a bolus tracking technique for tomographic evaluation of the uretero-vesicular junction in dogs. Ten adult dogs (8-14 years) with variable body weight (2,8-32 kg) were enrolled in the prospective study. The patients were placed in sternal recumbency with a 10° elevated pelvis and the visualization of the uretero-vesicular junction was obtained with the bolus tracking technique after intravenous administration of non-ionic contrast medium. In the post-contrast late phase a region of interest was placed within the lumen of the distal ureters and the density values were monitored before starting the helical scan. RESULTS The uretero-vesicular junction was clearly visible in 100% of patients with the visualization of the endoluminal ureteral contrast enhancement and bladder washout. At the end of the tomographic study an evaluation of the dose records was performed and compared to human exposures reported in literature for the pelvic region. The effective dose estimated for each patient (37,5-138 mSv) proved to be elevated, when compared to those reported in human patients. CONCLUSION The bolus tracking technique could be applied for the visualization of the uretero-vesicular junction in non-pathological patients, placing the region of interest in the distal ureters. The high effective doses recorded in our study support the need of specific thresholds for veterinary patients, pointing out the attention for paediatric patient's exposure also in veterinary imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Longo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy.
| | - Maria Elena Andreis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pettinato
- Medical Physics Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
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Binanti D, De Zani D, Fantinato E, Allevi G, Sironi G, Zani DD. Intradural-extramedullary haemangioblastoma with paraspinal extension in a dog. Aust Vet J 2015; 93:460-5. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Binanti
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - D De Zani
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - E Fantinato
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - G Allevi
- Private practitioner; Bergamo Italy
| | - G Sironi
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - DD Zani
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
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Binanti D, Fantinato E, De Zani D, Riccaboni P, Pravettoni D, Zani DD. Segmental spinal cord hypoplasia in a Holstein Friesian calf. Anat Histol Embryol 2012; 42:316-20. [PMID: 23094595 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An 8-day-old female Holstein Friesian calf was examined because of congenital spastic paresis of the hind limbs. Myelography revealed deviation and thinning of subarachnoid contrast medium columns in the lumbar segment. Upon magnetic resonance imaging, the 'hour-glass' subdural compression appeared as a T1-hypointense, T2-hyperintense ovoidal area suggestive of cerebral spinal fluid collection, compatible with hydrosyringomyelia. The calf was euthanized and the necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of segmental spinal cord hypoplasia of the lumbar tract associated to hydromyelic and syringomyelic cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Binanti
- Reparto di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale Veterinario Universitario, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università, 6 - 26900, Lodi, Italy.
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Scandella M, Lazzaretti SS, De Zani D, Cassano M, Zani DD, Ravasio G, Gualtieri M. Tenoscopy of the navicular bursa: a new therapeutic approach for horses affected by "palmar pain syndrome." Endoscopic technique review and personal experiences. Vet Res Commun 2011; 34 Suppl 1:S125-9. [PMID: 20495867 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-010-9403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tenoscopy of the navicular bursa has been recently introduced as a diagnostic and therapeutic treatment in cases of palmar foot pain syndrome. A deep digital flexor tendon transthecal approach was suggested in 1999, and the endoscopic technique has been reviewed. Smith and coworkers have recently reported good and promising results. An anatomic cadaver limb study was performed, and the endoscopic technique was evaluated. Subsequently, a 14-year-old Argentine mare, affected by palmar foot pain syndrome, was treated. Clinical data, MRI and endoscopic findings, and a 6-month follow-up evaluation are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scandella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Sezione di Clinica Chirurgica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano-Ospedale Grandi Animali di Lodi, Lodi, Italy.
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Zani DD, De Zani D, Morandi N, Biggi M, Belloli AG, Riccaboni P, Rondena M, Di Giancamillo M, Pravettoni D. Imaging diagnosis--split cord malformation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:57-60. [PMID: 20166395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The features of a calf with a split cord malformation are described. Clinically, there was severe cervicothoracic kyphoscoliosis and an interscapular dermal sinus associated with cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Using magnetic resonance imaging, complete duplication of the spinal cord at the cervical intumescence was detected. There was associated syringohydromyelia, multiple cervicothoracic vertebral malformations resulting in kyphoscoliosis and rachischisis, herniation of the cerebellar vermis, meningoencephalocele, and calvarial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide D Zani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Sezione di Radiologia Veterinaria Clinica e Sperimentale, Ospedale Veterinario Grandi Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi 26900, Italy
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