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Greco A, Meomartino L, Gnudi G, Brunetti A, Di Giancamillo M. Imaging techniques in veterinary medicine . Part II: Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine. Eur J Radiol Open 2022; 10:100467. [PMID: 36570419 PMCID: PMC9768321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiography and ultrasonography are the most used techniques in veterinary clinical practice, due to organizational, managerial and, mostly, economic reasons. However, in the last decades, Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and, to a lesser extent, Nuclear Medicine (MN) are increasingly used. As we said in the previous article, all the Diagnostic Imaging techniques are actually "indispensable" in Veterinary Medicine, where many patients do not show any symptoms.This second part describes Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance (MRI) and Nuclear Medicine techniques in Veterinary Medicine are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Greco
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Radiologia Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Leonardo Meomartino
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Radiologia Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy,Corresponding author.
| | - Giacomo Gnudi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Spediacci C, Longo M, Specchi S, Pey P, Rabba S, Mavraki E, Di Giancamillo M, Panopoulos I. Computed tomographic appearance of transcaval ureter in two dogs and three cats: A novel CVC congenital malformation. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:965185. [PMID: 36187835 PMCID: PMC9517373 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.965185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcaval ureter is a rarely reported human congenital malformation of the prerenal segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC) not yet reported in veterinary medicine. The objective of this multicenter retrospective case series study was to describe the computed tomography (CT) features of transcaval ureters in dogs and cats. Patients referring to pre- and post-contrast CT exams of the abdomen and presenting this abnormality were retrospectively included. Multiple qualitative features were described for each ureteral abnormality detected. Three cats and two dogs with transcaval ureter were identified consisting of a segmental duplication of the CVC at the prerenal level creating a vascular ring through which the ureter extended, identified as a double-barrel gun sign. The malformation was divided into two types according to the symmetry of the caval branches and location in relation to the aorta, namely, type I symmetrical branches and right-lateral to the aorta, and type II asymmetrically branches and right-dorsal to the aorta. In one case, the malformation was associated with hydroureter and mild pyelectasis. In three cases, the anomaly was incidental and, in the remaining two cases, the clinical significance was uncertain. This is the first study describing the presence of transcaval ureter in dogs and cats. CT was a suitable method for the diagnosis of transcaval and a focal double-barrel gun sign of the CVC is proposed as the hallmark feature of this anomaly. The clinical relevance of this congenital vascular malformation is unclear and needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Spediacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi, LO, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carlotta Spediacci
| | - Maurizio Longo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi, LO, Italy
- Diagnostic Imaging Department C.T.O. Veterinary, via C. Festa Arenzano (Genova), Genova, Italy
- Antech Imaging Services, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Swan Specchi
- Antech Imaging Services, Irvine, CA, United States
- Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni Rossi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pascaline Pey
- Antech Imaging Services, Irvine, CA, United States
- Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni Rossi, Bologna, Italy
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Silvia Rabba
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, NO, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi, LO, Italy
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Rabbogliatti V, Amari M, Brioschi FA, Di Cesare F, Zani DD, De Zani D, Di Giancamillo M, Cagnardi P, Ravasio G. Use of dexmedetomidine repeated subcutaneous administration for balanced anaesthesia in horses. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:269. [PMID: 35818051 PMCID: PMC9275161 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A balanced anaesthetic protocol is a common concept in modern veterinary anaesthesia and aims to maintain good intraoperative cardiopulmonary function. In horses, alpha-2-agonists produce sedation and analgesia and have been shown to reduce inhalational anaesthetic requirements when administered intravenously. Furthermore, these drugs can improve recovery quality. Preliminary investigations of subcutaneous dexmedetomidine administration in humans demonstrated a reduced haemodynamic impact if compared with the intravenous route suggesting that dexmedetomidine is adequately absorbed with both administration routes. The aim of the study was to compare two different dexmedetomidine (DEX) administration routes: intravenous constant rate infusion (CRI) versus repeated subcutaneous (SC) injections on cardiopulmonary function and recovery in anaesthetized horses. Results No significant differences between groups in heart rate and systolic arterial pressure were detected. A significantly higher mean and diastolic arterial pressure were detected in the SC group at T25 (p = 0.04; p = 0.02), T75 (p = 0.02; p = 0.009), and T85 (p = 0.001; p = 0.005). In SC group there was a significantly lower dobutamine infusion rate (p = 0.03) and a significantly higher urinary output (p = 0.02). Moreover, recovery quality was higher (p = 0.01). Conclusions Cardiopulmonary effects in both groups were comparable and within clinical ranges with less dobutamine requirement in the subcutaneous group. Recovery was of better quality with fewer attempts in horses receiving subcutaneous dexmedetomidine. The present study suggests that intravenous constant rate infusion and subcutaneous repeated administration of dexmedetomidine at indicated dosage can be useful in balanced anaesthesia without any systemic or local adverse effects; moreover, in healthy horses undergoing general anaesthesia, repeated subcutaneous dexmedetomidine administration may be a suitable alternative if constant rate infusion is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Amari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Di Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Petra Cagnardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Spediacci C, Manfredi M, Sala G, Liuti T, Israeliantz N, Zani DD, Di Giancamillo M, Longo M. Fall time may be a reliable discriminator between neoplastic and non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions in dogs undergoing contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a pilot study. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:609-619. [PMID: 35679465 PMCID: PMC9796640 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can provide quantitative information on enhancement patterns and perfusion of lesions, based on time-intensity curves (TICs). No published studies have compared CEUS parameters in neoplastic and non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions in dogs. The aim of the current prospective, pilot study was to quantitatively characterize the CEUS pattern of neoplastic and non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions in dogs, assessing the influence of contrast arrival time (CAT) on the final appearance of the curves. Fourteen dogs with cyto-histopathological diagnoses were included (seven malignant and seven inflammatory lesions). B-mode ultrasound was performed followed by CEUS examination after an intravenous bolus injection of 0.04 mL/kg of contrast medium, and TICs were elaborated by dedicated software. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) for each TIC parameter were obtained. Neoplastic lesions had subjectively shorter rise time (RT), time to peak (TTP) and fall time (FT) than inflammatory lesions. Based on ROC curve analyses, fall time ≥ 10.49 s was the most reliable parameter for diagnosing non-neoplastic disease in this small sample of dogs (area under the curve [AUC] 0.75, sensitivity 83.33%, specificity 66.67%). No difference was found between ROCs calculated for each parameter of TICs by adding or removing CAT. Results of the current study provide background for future, larger scale studies evaluating use of a CEUS FT threshold of 10.49 s as a possible discriminator for urinary bladder neoplastic lesions in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Spediacci
- Departement of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS)University of Milan, Street of University n. 6Lodi (LO)26900Italy
| | - Martina Manfredi
- Departement of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS)University of Milan, Street of University n. 6Lodi (LO)26900Italy
| | - Giulia Sala
- Departement of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS)University of Milan, Street of University n. 6Lodi (LO)26900Italy
| | - Tiziana Liuti
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotlandUK
| | - Nicolas Israeliantz
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotlandUK
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Departement of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS)University of Milan, Street of University n. 6Lodi (LO)26900Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Departement of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS)University of Milan, Street of University n. 6Lodi (LO)26900Italy
| | - Maurizio Longo
- Departement of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS)University of Milan, Street of University n. 6Lodi (LO)26900Italy
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Manfredi M, De Zani D, Chiti LE, Ferrari R, Stefanello D, Giudice C, Pettinato V, Longo M, Di Giancamillo M, Zani DD. Preoperative planar lymphoscintigraphy allows for sentinel lymph node detection in 51 dogs improving staging accuracy: Feasibility and pitfalls. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 62:602-609. [PMID: 34131982 PMCID: PMC8518895 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is the current gold standard for the oncological staging of solid malignancies in humans. This prospective observational study describes the feasibility and the limits of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for SLN detection in dogs with spontaneous malignancies and the improvements in staging accuracy. Client‐owned dogs with confirmed malignant neoplasia and absence of distant metastasis were prospectively enrolled. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed after the peritumoral injection of Technetium‐99m labeled nanocolloids. Regional dynamic and static images were acquired, with and without masking of the injection site with a lead shield. The dogs were then subjected to surgery for tumor excision and SLN extirpation. Intraoperative SLN detection was performed by combining methylene blue dye and a dedicated gamma probe. Overall, 51 dogs with a total of 60 solid malignant tumors were enrolled. Lymphoscintigraphy identified at least one SLN in 57 of 60 cases (95%). The SLN did not always correspond to the regional lymph node (35/57, 61.4%). The use of a lead shield, masking the injection site, markedly improved the SLN visibility. The median time of SLN appearance was 11.4 ± 9.3 min. No side effects were observed. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy allows for SLN detection in dogs and can improve staging accuracy by either identifying the SLN in a different lymphosome than clinically expected or discriminating the draining node in uncertain cases. The combined use of preoperative and intraoperative techniques is recommended to increase the SLN detection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Centro Clinico-Veterinario e Zootecnico-Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Lavinia Elena Chiti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Pettinato
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Longo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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Greco A, Costanza D, Senatore A, Bruzzese D, Micieli F, Chiavaccini L, Di Giancamillo M, Della Valle G, Vesce G, Brunetti A, Meomartino L. A computed tomography-based method for the assessment of canine retrobulbar cone volume for ophthalmic anaesthesia. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:759-766. [PMID: 34391668 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a comprehensive formula for calculating the volume of local anaesthetic solution used for retrobulbar anaesthesia in dogs with different skull morphologies. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort imaging study. ANIMALS Skull computed tomography (CT) images of 188 dogs of different breeds collected between January 2009 and December 2017. METHODS Anatomical integrity of the orbit and adjacent structures, presenting complaint, clinical signs and CT findings were verified to exclude ocular abnormalities. The volume of the retrobulbar cone of 376 eyes was calculated using CT scans of the dogs' skulls. Additional data recorded included morphology of the skull, body weight, sex and size of the dogs, all of which were matched for possible association to the retrobulbar cone volume through univariable and multivariable linear regression models. Results of linear regression models were expressed as estimated beta coefficients with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS Using univariate analysis, the retrobulbar cone volume was positively associated with weight and male sex. In addition, brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs showed a larger retrobulbar cone volume than mesocephalic dogs, while sex was no longer significantly associated with the retrobulbar cone volume. In multivariate analysis, when considering all variables in the model, weight emerged as the strongest predictor (beta coefficient: 0.062 mL kg-1, 95% CI: 0.056-0.067 mL kg-1, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS and clinical relevance In the veterinary literature, there is no agreement on the precise volume of local anaesthetic solution that should be used to achieve intraconal retrobulbar anaesthesia in dogs. Here we suggest a formula to calculate the retrobulbar cone volume and, accordingly, the injection volume of local anaesthetic solution for effective retrobulbar anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Greco
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Radiologia Veterinaria, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni animali, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.
| | - Dario Costanza
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Radiologia Veterinaria, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Senatore
- Centro Intedipartimentale di Ricerca sui Biomateriali, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Micieli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni animali, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Chiavaccini
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Della Valle
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni animali, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Vesce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni animali, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Meomartino
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Radiologia Veterinaria, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni animali, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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Chiti LE, Stefanello D, Manfredi M, Zani DD, De Zani D, Boracchi P, Giudice C, Grieco V, Di Giancamillo M, Ferrari R. To map or not to map the cN0 neck: Impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy in canine head and neck tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:661-670. [PMID: 33886154 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumour stage is a prognostic indicator for canine malignant head and neck tumours (MHNT). However, consensus is lacking on nodal staging in the absence of clinically apparent nodal disease (cN0 neck). This prospective observational study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of radiopharmaceutical and blue dye for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), to assess the correspondence between sentinel lymph node (SLN) and clinically expected regional lymph node (RLN) and the impact on staging of the procedure in dogs with MHNT and cN0 neck. Twenty-three dogs with MHNT and cN0 neck underwent tumour excision and SLNB guided by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma-probe and blue dye. Diagnostic performances and detection rate were calculated. Correspondence between SLN and RLN, number of nodes excised, histopathological status of the SLN and complications related to the procedure were recorded. The mapping technique identified at least one SLN in 19/23 dogs, with a detection rate of 83%. The SLN did not correspond to the RLN in 52% of dogs. Multiple nodes were removed in 61% of dogs. At histopathology, eight (42%) dogs had SLN+, of which four differed from the RLN. Only minor self-limiting complications occurred in five (22%) dogs. Radiopharmaceutical and blue dye guidance is accurate (sensitivity 88.9%; specificity 100%) for SLNB in dogs with MHNT and cN0 and allowed the extirpation of unpredictable and/or multiple SLN with minimal morbidity. Incorporation of SLNB in the management of MHNT is desirable to correctly stage the cN0 neck, owing the unpredictability of the lymphatic drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia E Chiti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Manfredi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide D Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Boracchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Andreis ME, Polito U, Modina SC, Carnevale LM, Veronesi MC, Di Giancamillo A, Roccabianca P, Di Giancamillo M. Hind limb ossification centre hypoplasia and deformities induced by quadriceps contracture: Radiographic and Computed Tomographic study in 13 Doberman Pinscher littermates. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:184-191. [PMID: 33545535 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quadriceps contracture (QC) is reported in dogs mainly as a complication of trauma or parasitic infection. QC causes progressive hind limb deviation, muscular hypotrophy and degenerative joint disease and, in puppies, bone hypoplasia. The aim of this clinical case series is to describe the radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) changes in hind limb ossification centres in thirteen 55 to 57-days-old Doberman Pinscher related littermates induced by QC after repeated intramuscular injections. The presence, size, and shape of ossification centres of affected and unaffected hind limbs were compared. Affected limbs were hyperextended and externally rotated, with genu recurvatum and proximo-medial patellar luxation. QC had no influence on the time of appearance of ossification centres however, it was associated with femoral head flattening, hip subluxation, flattening of the femoral distal epiphysis. The tibial plateau was tilted caudoproximally-craniodistally and wedged into the growth plate. Thirty-two out of fifty-five ossification centres (including diaphyseal and epiphyseal centres, such as femoral head and tibial plateau) were significantly smaller in affected limbs (p < 0.05). Lack of weight-bearing could account for the smaller size of ossification centres in affected tarsi and metatarsi. Progressive limb hyperextension and external rotation might have induced gradual loading withdrawal on the medial aspect of the foot justifying the reduced size observed only for the medial ossification centres of the digits of affected limbs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing CT findings of hind limb ossification centre changes in puppies with QC contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Andreis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Umberto Polito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Silvia Clotilde Modina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Liliana Maria Carnevale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Veronesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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9
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Crovace AM, Giancamillo AD, Gervaso F, Mangiavini L, Zani D, Scalera F, Palazzo B, Izzo D, Agnoletto M, Domenicucci M, Sosio C, Sannino A, Giancamillo MD, Peretti GM. Evaluation of in Vivo Response of Three Biphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration in a Sheep Model. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6040090. [PMID: 31717551 PMCID: PMC6958333 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral defects are a common problem in both human medicine and veterinary practice although with important limits concerning the cartilaginous tissue regeneration. Interest in the subchondral bone has grown, as it is now considered a key element in the osteochondral defect healing. The aim of this work was to generate and to evaluate the architecture of three cell-free scaffolds made of collagen, magnesium/hydroxyapatite and collagen hydroxyapatite/wollastonite to be implanted in a sheep animal model. Scaffolds were designed in a bilayer configuration and a novel “Honey” configuration, where columns of hydroxyapatite were inserted within the collagen matrix. The use of different types of scaffolds allowed us to identify the best scaffold in terms of integration and tissue regeneration. The animals included were divided into four groups: three were treated using different types of scaffold while one was left untreated and represented the control group. Evaluations were made at 3 months through CT analysis. The novel “Honey” configuration of the scaffold with hydroxyapatite seems to allow for a better reparative process, although we are still far from obtaining a complete restoration of the defect at this time point of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M. Crovace
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3208239830
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (A.D.G.); (D.Z.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Francesca Gervaso
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (F.S.); (B.P.); (D.I.); (A.S.)
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (L.M.); (M.A.); (C.S.); (G.M.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (A.D.G.); (D.Z.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Francesca Scalera
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (F.S.); (B.P.); (D.I.); (A.S.)
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Barbara Palazzo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (F.S.); (B.P.); (D.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Izzo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (F.S.); (B.P.); (D.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Marco Agnoletto
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (L.M.); (M.A.); (C.S.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Marco Domenicucci
- Residency Program in Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Corrado Sosio
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (L.M.); (M.A.); (C.S.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (F.S.); (B.P.); (D.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (A.D.G.); (D.Z.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Giuseppe M. Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (L.M.); (M.A.); (C.S.); (G.M.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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10
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Pieri V, Trovatelli M, Cadioli M, Zani DD, Brizzola S, Ravasio G, Acocella F, Di Giancamillo M, Malfassi L, Dolera M, Riva M, Bello L, Falini A, Castellano A. In vivo Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Tractography of the Sheep Brain: An Atlas of the Ovine White Matter Fiber Bundles. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:345. [PMID: 31681805 PMCID: PMC6805705 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DTI) allows to decode the mobility of water molecules in cerebral tissue, which is highly directional along myelinated fibers. By integrating the direction of highest water diffusion through the tissue, DTI Tractography enables a non-invasive dissection of brain fiber bundles. As such, this technique is a unique probe for in vivo characterization of white matter architecture. Unraveling the principal brain texture features of preclinical models that are advantageously exploited in experimental neuroscience is crucial to correctly evaluate investigational findings and to correlate them with real clinical scenarios. Although structurally similar to the human brain, the gyrencephalic ovine model has not yet been characterized by a systematic DTI study. Here we present the first in vivo sheep (ovis aries) tractography atlas, where the course of the main white matter fiber bundles of the ovine brain has been reconstructed. In the context of the EU's Horizon EDEN2020 project, in vivo brain MRI protocol for ovine animal models was optimized on a 1.5T scanner. High resolution conventional MRI scans and DTI sequences (b-value = 1,000 s/mm2, 15 directions) were acquired on ten anesthetized sheep o. aries, in order to define the diffusion features of normal adult ovine brain tissue. Topography of the ovine cortex was studied and DTI maps were derived, to perform DTI tractography reconstruction of the corticospinal tract, corpus callosum, fornix, visual pathway, and occipitofrontal fascicle, bilaterally for all the animals. Binary masks of the tracts were then coregistered and reported in the space of a standard stereotaxic ovine reference system, to demonstrate the consistency of the fiber bundles and the minimal inter-subject variability in a unique tractography atlas. Our results determine the feasibility of a protocol to perform in vivo DTI tractography of the sheep, providing a reliable reconstruction and 3D rendering of major ovine fiber tracts underlying different neurological functions. Estimation of fiber directions and interactions would lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the sheep's brain anatomy, potentially exploitable in preclinical experiments, thus representing a precious tool for veterinaries and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pieri
- Neuroradiology Unit and CERMAC, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Trovatelli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Brizzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Acocella
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Malfassi
- Fondazione La Cittadina Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy
| | - Mario Dolera
- Fondazione La Cittadina Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy
| | - Marco Riva
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bello
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- Neuroradiology Unit and CERMAC, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Castellano
- Neuroradiology Unit and CERMAC, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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11
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Facchini E, Nalon L, Andreis ME, Di Giancamillo M, Rizzi R, Mortarino M. Honeybee pupal length assessed by CT-scan technique: effects of Varroa infestation, developmental stage and spatial position within the brood comb. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10614. [PMID: 31337780 PMCID: PMC6650481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybee pupae morphology can be affected by a number of stressor, but in vivo investigation is difficult. A computed tomography (CT) technique was applied to visualize a comb's inner structure without damaging the brood. The CT scan was performed on a brood comb containing pupae developed from eggs laid by the queen during a time window of 48 hours. From the CT images, the position of each pupa was determined by recording coordinates to a common reference point. Afterwards, every brood cell was inspected in order to assess the developmental stage of the pupa, the presence of Varroa destructor, the number and progeny of foundress mites. Using data on 651 pupae, the relationships between varroa infestation status, developmental stage and spatial position of the pupa within the brood comb, and its length were investigated. Pupae at 8 post-capping days were shorter than pupae at 7 post-capping days. Pupae in infected cells were significantly shorter than those in varroa-free cells and this effect was linked both to mite number and stage and to the position in the comb. Overall, the results suggest that the CT-scan may represent a suitable non-invasive tool to investigate the morphology and developing status of honeybee brood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Facchini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, via G. Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Nalon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, via G. Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Andreis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, via G. Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, via G. Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Rizzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, via G. Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Mortarino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, via G. Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Peretti GM, Polito U, Di Giancamillo M, Andreis ME, Boschetti F, Di Giancamillo A. Swine Meniscus: Are Femoral-Tibial Surfaces Properly Tuned to Bear the Forces Exerted on the Tissue? Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:978-989. [PMID: 30398398 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The importance of the present study is linked to how the contact forces act on the knee meniscus in particular, considering the femoral condyles and tibial plateau: this can be useful as a base for the ultimate creation of tissue-engineered biphasic scaffolds, which can mimic the native tissue complex, for meniscal repair or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe M Peretti
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Polito
- 3Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Elena Andreis
- 3Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Boschetti
- 2IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,5Department of Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineering Department "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- 3Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Zani DD, Rabbogliatti V, Ravasio G, Pettinato C, Giancamillo MD, Zani DD. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the foot in horses using intravenous versus regional intraarterial injection of gadolinium. Open Vet J 2018; 8:471-478. [PMID: 30775287 PMCID: PMC6356101 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i4.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of orthopedic pathologies in equine patients is poorly described. In few studies, enhanced MRI allowed to differentiate active lesions from chronic ones and to classify ambiguous lesions. The aim of this clinical prospective pilot study is to describe and compare the MRI lesions observed in horses with lameness localized to the foot using a single intravenous bolus dose of gadolinium contrast versus regional intraarterial bolus of contrast agent. Ten horses that underwent contrast enhanced MRI were included in the study. Gadolinium was injected intravenously in 3 patients and in 7 horses contrast agent was administered by intraarterial regional delivery. Regions of interest (ROI) were collected from both pre- and post-contrast images and ratios between pre- and post-contrast ROIs were calculated. No adverse reactions were noted after contrast agent injection. Injured structures that revealed greater increase in signal in post-contrast images were the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), the navicular spongiosa and the peritendinous tissues. Regional intraarterial administration of gadolinium provided higher ratio of contrast enhancement. Enhanced MRI using both intravenous or intraarterial injection of gadolinium, increased the diagnostic capability of MRI in horses with foot lesions. Nevertheless, regional intraarterial administration of gadolinium was considered the best choice due to the higher signal and lower volumes of contrast agent required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella De Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Clinico Veterinario e Zootecnico Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Clinico Veterinario e Zootecnico Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Clinico Veterinario e Zootecnico Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pettinato
- Department of Medical Physics, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Clinico Veterinario e Zootecnico Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Clinico Veterinario e Zootecnico Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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14
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Andreis ME, Polito U, Veronesi MC, Faustini M, Di Giancamillo M, Modina SC. Novel contributions in canine craniometry: Anatomic and radiographic measurements in newborn puppies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196959. [PMID: 29738556 PMCID: PMC5940217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The largest differences in intraspecific head shape among the Carnivora order are to be found in dogs. Based on their skull morphotypes, dog breeds are currently classified as dolichocephalic, mesaticephalic and brachycephalic. Due to the fact that some breeds have not been yet defined, this classification is incomplete; moreover, multi-breed studies on the skull morphology of puppies have never been performed. The aim of this work was to verify (i) whether differences in the skull conformation of purebred puppies are already present within the first week of age; (ii) whether radiographic and anatomic measures could be considered interchangeable, and (iii) to possibly classify puppies from non-categorized breeds thanks to their radiographic cranial measurements using neural nets. One hundred and thirty-seven dead puppies aged 0–7 days were examined considering their anatomic and radiographic measures. All linear measures and anatomic indices significantly differed among brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic puppies. Radiographic indices, with the exception of CI, identified the three skull morphotypes (p<0.05, for all comparisons). Radiographic and anatomic measures proved to be non-interchangeable in newborn puppies. Finally, nineteen puppies belonging to 5 non-categorized breeds could be classified thanks to neural nets in the three skull morphotypes with different probability (P between 0,66 and 0,95).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Andreis
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Polito
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Faustini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Silvia C. Modina
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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15
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Longo M, Zani DD, Ferrari R, Bassi J, Andreis ME, Stefanello D, Giudice C, Grieco V, Liuti T, Handel I, Di Giancamillo M. Dynamic tomographic studies of interscapular feline injection-site sarcoma: essential or useless practice? J Feline Med Surg 2017; 20:502-508. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17717176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs) are soft tissue tumours typically characterised by an interscapular location and highly infiltrative behaviour. CT is considered the modality of choice for FISS staging and double positioning (dynamic approach) was reported to successfully detect the exact extent of infiltration into the muscles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the utility of the dynamic approach in feline patients referred for preoperative staging of interscapular FISS. Methods Tumour volume estimates were compared between the ellipsoid and the semi-automated segmentation methods. Two radiologists blinded to the patient coding used images from each position to assess the extent of muscular infiltration. The distance between the neoplasm and the adjacent skeletal structures (scapulae, spinous processes) was recorded in both positions by a single radiologist. Results Fifty-nine of 84 neoplasms invaded the adjacent muscular structures, with up to 15 muscles infiltrated. Between the extended and flexed position the average estimated numbers of muscles infiltrated were 1.9 (extended) and 1.84 (flexed) for observer A and 1.89 (extended) and 1.85 (flexed) for observer B. Good agreement between observers was established, with higher tumour volumes detected via the ellipsoid method. Moreover, tumours with smaller volumes showed slightly decreased muscular infiltration. Marked difference in the recorded distance between the skeletal structures and the neoplasm in the two different positions was established (mean ± SD difference spinous processes: 9.74 ± 9.57 mm; mean ± SD difference scapulae: 15.15 ± 11.76 mm). Conclusions and relevance A dynamic approach should be used for a complete evaluation of the invasiveness of FISS along with appropriate methodology for tumour volume measurement, which could potentially alter the tomographic estimation of the real dimension of the neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Longo
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, UK
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Bassi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Liuti
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, UK
| | - Ian Handel
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, UK
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16
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Longo M, Andreis ME, Pettinato C, Ravasio G, Rabbogliatti V, De Zani D, Di Giancamillo M, Zani DD. Use of the bolus tracking technique for the tomographic evaluation of the uretero-vesicular junction in dogs and assessment of dose records. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:64. [PMID: 27026013 PMCID: PMC5477813 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the work is the application of a bolus tracking technique for tomographic evaluation of the uretero-vesicular junction in dogs. Ten adult dogs (8-14 years) with variable body weight (2,8-32 kg) were enrolled in the prospective study. The patients were placed in sternal recumbency with a 10° elevated pelvis and the visualization of the uretero-vesicular junction was obtained with the bolus tracking technique after intravenous administration of non-ionic contrast medium. In the post-contrast late phase a region of interest was placed within the lumen of the distal ureters and the density values were monitored before starting the helical scan. RESULTS The uretero-vesicular junction was clearly visible in 100% of patients with the visualization of the endoluminal ureteral contrast enhancement and bladder washout. At the end of the tomographic study an evaluation of the dose records was performed and compared to human exposures reported in literature for the pelvic region. The effective dose estimated for each patient (37,5-138 mSv) proved to be elevated, when compared to those reported in human patients. CONCLUSION The bolus tracking technique could be applied for the visualization of the uretero-vesicular junction in non-pathological patients, placing the region of interest in the distal ureters. The high effective doses recorded in our study support the need of specific thresholds for veterinary patients, pointing out the attention for paediatric patient's exposure also in veterinary imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Longo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy.
| | - Maria Elena Andreis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pettinato
- Medical Physics Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
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17
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Longo M, Modina SC, Bellotti A, Di Giancamillo M. Advances in the anatomic study of the interscapular region of the cat. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:249. [PMID: 26437937 PMCID: PMC4593221 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New clinical oriented approaches are supported by the integration of advanced imaging techniques, e.g. computed tomography and magnetic resonance, with gross anatomy imaging. The interscapular region of the cat is a typical site of a highly invasive infiltrative pathology, i.e. Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma. Even if chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been considered as pre-surgical therapies, extensive surgery is still the recommended treatment. Evidence suggested that the relationships between muscles, infiltrative mass and adjacent musculoskeletal structures could change according to the forelimb positions: a fact to be duly considered while planning the surgical approach. Anatomic and tomographic atlases provide only images of the interscapular region from cats positioned with their forelimbs extended cranially, which means that, they do not record musculoskeletal modifications due to the forelimb movements. Aim of this study was to provide detailed images of the changes occurring in the musculoskeletal structures of the interscapular region of cats according to their forelimb position by comparing cross-sectional gross anatomy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Results We provide an atlas of normal cross-sectional anatomy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the interscapular region of the cat, from the fifth cervical vertebra to the fifth thoracic vertebra. We compare and couple the slices obtained both in flexed and extended forelimb positioning with the animal maintained in sternal recumbency. Conclusion This study shows a new and dynamic way to investigate the interscapular region of the cat and provides anatomical references for in vivo computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, considering changes in the muscular form according to the forelimb positioning. We believe that an in-depth anatomical knowledge of the interscapular region may be helpful to approach the study of any pathology located there and, in particular, to set up an appropriate therapy for the feline injection-site sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Longo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano Italy, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Clotilde Modina
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bellotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano Italy, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano Italy, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Redaelli V, Tanzi B, Luzi F, Stefanello D, Proverbio D, Crosta L, Di Giancamillo M. Use of thermographic imaging in clinical diagnosis of small animal: preliminary notes. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2015; 50:140-6. [PMID: 24968912 DOI: 10.4415/ann_14_02_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The authors, after a description of the physics of infrared thermographic technique (IRT), analyze the reading of images and the main applications in the veterinary field, compared to the existing literature on the subject and to their experimental researches. IRT lends itself to countless applications in biology, thanks to its characteristics of versatility, lack of invasiveness and high sensitivity. Probably the major limitation to its application in the animal lies in the ease of use and in its extreme sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS From September 2009 to October 2010, the experimental investigation with the thermo camera took into consideration 110 animals (92 dogs and 18 cats), without any selection criteria. All patients were brought to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Milan University by the owner, to be examined by a specialist, or to undergo one of the following diagnostic procedures: X-rays, computed tomography, or ultrasound examinations; finally some patients were brought in for surgical procedures. With the consent of the owner, 1 to 10 thermographic images were recorded from each clinical case. RESULTS In this first experimental investigation, thermography has shown a high sensitivity (100%), but a low specificity (44%). This figure excludes the use of thermal imaging technology to replace other imaging techniques such as radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, it does not show any ability to recognize the etiology of the disease, but only the thermal alteration, and this is restricting its use. However, this experimental study has demonstrated that thermography can be used in veterinary medicine, and specifically in dogs and cats. It is hoped that in the field of targeted diseases this technique will become an important tool for diagnostic purposes by using working protocols validated and repeatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Redaelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Cantatore M, Ferrari R, Boracchi P, Gobbetti M, Travetti O, Ravasio G, Giudice C, Di Giancamillo M, Grieco V, Stefanello D. Factors Influencing Wound Healing Complications After Wide Excision of Injection Site Sarcomas of the Trunk of Cats. Vet Surg 2014; 43:783-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cantatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Patrizia Boracchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Unità di Statistica Medica e Biometria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Matteo Gobbetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Olga Travetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
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Amadasi A, Borgonovo S, Brandone A, Di Giancamillo M, Cattaneo C. A Comparison Between Digital Radiography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance in the Detection of Gunshot Residues in Burnt Tissues and Bone. J Forensic Sci 2013; 59:712-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Amadasi
- Laboratorio di Antropologia ed Odontologia Forense (LABANOF); Istituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni; Università degli Studi di Milano; v. Mangiagalli 37 Milan Italy
| | - Simone Borgonovo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie; Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Sezione di Radiologia Veterinaria Clinica e Sperimentale; v. Celoria 10 Milan Italy
| | - Alberto Brandone
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli studi di Pavia; v. le Taramelli 12 Pavia Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie; Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Sezione di Radiologia Veterinaria Clinica e Sperimentale; v. Celoria 10 Milan Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- Laboratorio di Antropologia ed Odontologia Forense (LABANOF); Istituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni; Università degli Studi di Milano; v. Mangiagalli 37 Milan Italy
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21
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Bagnoli P, Acocella F, Di Giancamillo M, Fumero R, Costantino ML. Finite element analysis of the mechanical behavior of preterm lamb tracheal bifurcation during total liquid ventilation. J Biomech 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
In the present study, a case of a spontaneously metastasizing seminoma in 9-year-old pet lionhead rabbit is described. The rabbit was presented with unilateral testicular enlargement and a palpable abdominal mass. Spiral computed tomography revealed the presence of an abdominal-pelvic mass in the region of the sublumbar lymph nodes. Testes and lymph nodes were collected, fixed in formalin, and submitted for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the normal architecture of the enlarged testis and lymph node was completely replaced by a diffuse malignant seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Banco
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
| | - Massimo D’Acierno
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
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23
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Proverbio D, Spada E, Perego R, Grieco V, Lodi M, Di Giancamillo M, Ferro E. Potential variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 48:132-8. [PMID: 22267170 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This report describes multiple endocrine neoplasia in a dog, which is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by the presence of two or more neoplasms of different endocrine tissues within a patient. A 14 yr old dog was evaluated for polyuria/polydipsia, polyphagia, and abdominal enlargement. Adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism with concomitant left thyroid enlargement and a presumed abdominal metastatic lesion were diagnosed by an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. Trilostane therapy was initiated and resolved the clinical signs for 2 yr at which time the dog presented with left testicular enlargement. The dog was euthanized and was diagnosed with adrenocortical carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, an abdominal mass compatible with a metastatic lymph node, and bilateral interstitial cell testicular adenomas. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to describe the concomitant association of these types of endocrine neoplasms in a dog. The concomitant presence of these neoplasms could represent a potential variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia; however, the presence of the interstitial cell testicular adenomas may have only been an incidental finding. If any of these tumors are diagnosed, veterinarians should perform a thorough clinical assessment to evaluate for the presence of additional endocrine neoplasms or hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Proverbio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Amadasi A, Borgonovo S, Brandone A, Di Giancamillo M, Cattaneo C. The survival of metallic residues from gunshot wounds in cremated bone: a radiological study. Int J Legal Med 2011; 126:363-9. [PMID: 22037901 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-011-0633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In literature, many studies have been performed in order to investigate the presence of GSR ("gunshot residue") and metallic residues in general with radiological techniques on several types of material, but the survival of metallic residues on charred samples has never been systematically performed. In this study, 31 adult bovine ribs underwent a shooting test. Every rib was shot with a single bullet, at a near-contact shooting distance, using two kinds of projectile: 17 samples were shot with a full metal-jacketed bullet and the remaining 14 with an unjacketed bullet. After the shooting test, every rib underwent a "charring cycle" in an electric oven up to 800°C. Every sample underwent radiological investigation with conventional radiography, before and after the burning process, to evaluate any changes in number and distribution of metallic residues. Radiographs showed survival of radiopaque residues in every sample, even after the charring process, especially when the bullet used was of the unjacketed type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Amadasi
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia ed Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, DMU, Istituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Università degli Studi di Milano, V. Mangiagalli 37, Milan, Italy
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Greci V, Travetti O, Di Giancamillo M, Lombardo R, Giudice C, Banco B, Mortellaro CM. Middle ear cholesteatoma in 11 dogs. Can Vet J 2011; 52:631-636. [PMID: 22131579 PMCID: PMC3095160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Middle ear cholesteatoma is a rare condition in dogs with chronic otitis. Otorrhea, otodinia, and pain on temporomandibular joint palpation are the most common clinical signs. Neurological abnormalities are often detectable. Computed tomography reveals the presence of an expansive and invasive unvascularized lesion involving the tympanic cavity and the bulla, with little or no contrast enhancement after administration of contrast mediu. Video-otoscopy may detect pearly growth or white/yellowish scales in the middle ear cavity. Surgery is the only therapy but is associated with a high risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Greci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Sezione di Chirurgia, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano 7, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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26
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Giudice C, Stefanello D, Sala M, Cantatore M, Russo F, Romussi S, Travetti O, Giancamillo MD, Grieco V. Feline injection-site sarcoma: Recurrence, tumour grading and surgical margin status evaluated using the three-dimensional histological technique. Vet J 2010; 186:84-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zani DD, De Zani D, Morandi N, Biggi M, Belloli AG, Riccaboni P, Rondena M, Di Giancamillo M, Pravettoni D. Imaging diagnosis--split cord malformation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:57-60. [PMID: 20166395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The features of a calf with a split cord malformation are described. Clinically, there was severe cervicothoracic kyphoscoliosis and an interscapular dermal sinus associated with cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Using magnetic resonance imaging, complete duplication of the spinal cord at the cervical intumescence was detected. There was associated syringohydromyelia, multiple cervicothoracic vertebral malformations resulting in kyphoscoliosis and rachischisis, herniation of the cerebellar vermis, meningoencephalocele, and calvarial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide D Zani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Sezione di Radiologia Veterinaria Clinica e Sperimentale, Ospedale Veterinario Grandi Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi 26900, Italy
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Greci V, Stefanello D, Di Giancamillo M, Mortellaro CM. Sinonasal tumor in 3 dogs after successful topical treatment for frontal sinus aspergillosis. Can Vet J 2009; 50:1191-1194. [PMID: 20119545 PMCID: PMC2764461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three dogs diagnosed with aspergillosis developed sinonasal tumors several months after successful treatment with topical clotrimazole solution. Chronic rhinosinusitis was also detected in all cases prior to diagnosis of sinonasal tumors. The inflammatory response to Aspergillus, clotrimazole treatment, and chronic inflammation after treatment are discussed as possible neoplastic promoting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Greci
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Division of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
A 12‐year‐old, 4 kg, castrated male Persian cat was referred with a 2‐month history of sneezing and bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge. Rhinoscopically acquired nasal biopsies at this time revealed bilateral lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. A tapering dose of oral prednisone caused the complete remission of the clinical signs, but 2 months after discontinuation of the therapy, the rhinitis recurred and the OD became exophthalmic. Computed tomography showed a soft tissue mass in both sides of the nasal cavity, both frontal sinuses, the right orbit, and to a lesser extent the left orbit. A fine needle aspirate of the right orbit revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation and Aspergillus spp. hyphae. Repeat nasal biopsy demonstrated multi‐focal necrosis and a mixed inflammatory cell process which now included macrophages and scattered septate fungal hyphae. A few days later the cat became bilaterally blind and a contrast enhancing lesion involving the optic chiasm was found on magnetic resonance imaging. Despite a poor prognosis, therapy consisted of exenteration of the right orbit and trephination of both frontal sinuses before the planned initiation of medical antifungal therapy. Unfortunately, the cat died of cardiac arrest intraoperatively. Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured from both orbits at necropsy. Orbital aspergillosis has been rarely reported in cats and its relationship with lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis is unclear. In this patient lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis or previous antibiotic/corticosteroid therapy may have allowed secondary fungal invasion of the nasal mucosa and subsequently both orbits and the brain. Alternatively, Aspergillus infection may have preceded the lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barachetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola G Brambilla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Sezione di Clinica Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Italy.
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