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Diop N, Sayag D, Marques GB, Chamel G, Chavalle T, Eon JB, Floch F, Lajoinie M, Ponce F, Barrett LE. Comparison of Three Chemotherapy Protocols With Electrochemotherapy for the Treatment of Feline Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39007448 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) with intravenous (IV) and/or intratumoral (IT) bleomycin has shown considerable efficacy in the treatment of non-resectable feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), boasting response rates of up to 95%, but other chemotherapy protocols have not yet been investigated. The objective of this prospective multicentre study was to compare the overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free interval (PFI) between cats with cSCC treated with ECT using IT and IV carboplatin (IV + IT), IV carboplatin (IV) or IV bleomycin (IV). A total of 44 cats with unresectable cSCC across three centres were enrolled and treated with ECT using carboplatin IV + IT (n = 10), carboplatin IV (n = 11) or bleomycin IV (n = 23). Treatment response according to RECIST criteria was recorded at 2 and 4 weeks post-treatment, and patients were followed until disease progression and/or death. All three groups were comparable regarding age, sex, weight, and lesion size. Adverse events were generally mild, localised and similar between groups. ORRs were 90.0% (carboplatin IV + IT), 90.9% (carboplatin IV) and 95.6% (bleomycin IV) and were not significantly different (p = 0.79). Median PFI was not reached for carboplatin IV + IT or carboplatin IV and was 566 days for bleomycin IV, with no significant difference between the three groups (p = 0.81). This study suggests that ECT using IV or IV + IT carboplatin is a reasonable alternative therapeutic option for managing cSCC, and further studies are warranted to compare outcomes between treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Diop
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Service de cancérologie, UR ICE, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - David Sayag
- ONCOnseil-Unité d'expertise en oncologie vétérinaire, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Gabriel Chamel
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Service de cancérologie, UR ICE, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Thomas Chavalle
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Service de cancérologie, UR ICE, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Jean-Bapiste Eon
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Service de cancérologie, UR ICE, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Mathilde Lajoinie
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Service de cancérologie, UR ICE, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Frédérique Ponce
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Service de cancérologie, UR ICE, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Laura E Barrett
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Service de cancérologie, UR ICE, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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2
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Bergman PJ. Cancer Immunotherapy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:441-468. [PMID: 38158304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The enhanced understanding of immunology experienced over the last 5 decades afforded through the tools of molecular biology has recently translated into cancer immunotherapy becoming one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding fields. Human cancer immunotherapy is now recognized as one of the pillars of treatment alongside surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The field of veterinary cancer immunotherapy has also rapidly advanced in the last decade with a handful of commercially available products and a plethora of investigational cancer immunotherapies, which will hopefully expand our veterinary oncology treatment toolkit over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Bergman
- Clinical Studies, VCA; Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, NY, USA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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CHAMBERS JK, ITO S, UCHIDA K. Feline papillomavirus-associated Merkel cell carcinoma: a comparative review with human Merkel cell carcinoma. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1195-1209. [PMID: 37743525 PMCID: PMC10686778 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare skin tumor that shares a similar immunophenotype with Merkel cells, although its origin is debatable. More than 80% of human MCC cases are associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus infections and viral gene integration. Recent studies have shown that the clinical and pathological characteristics of feline MCC are comparable to those of human MCC, including its occurrence in aged individuals, aggressive behavior, histopathological findings, and the expression of Merkel cell markers. More than 90% of feline MCC are positive for the Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 (FcaPV2) gene. Molecular changes involved in papillomavirus-associated tumorigenesis, such as increased p16 and decreased retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 protein levels, were observed in FcaPV2-positive MCC, but not in FcaPV2-negative MCC cases. These features were also confirmed in FcaPV2-positive and -negative MCC cell lines. The expression of papillomavirus E6 and E7 genes, responsible for p53 degradation and Rb inhibition, respectively, was detected in tumor cells by in situ hybridization. Whole genome sequencing revealed the integration of FcaPV2 DNA into the host feline genome. MCC cases often develop concurrent skin lesions, such as viral plaque and squamous cell carcinoma, which are also associated with papillomavirus infection. These findings suggest that FcaPV2 infection and integration of viral genes are involved in the development of MCC in cats. This review provides an overview of the comparative pathology of feline and human MCC caused by different viruses and discusses their cell of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K CHAMBERS
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soma ITO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Parisi F, Fonti N, Millanta F, Freer G, Pistello M, Poli A. Exploring the link between viruses and cancer in companion animals: a comprehensive and comparative analysis. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:40. [PMID: 37386451 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, it is estimated that 15% of human neoplasms globally are caused by infectious agents, with new evidence emerging continuously. Multiple agents have been implicated in various forms of neoplasia, with viruses as the most frequent. In recent years, investigation on viral mechanisms underlying tumoral transformation in cancer development and progression are in the spotlight, both in human and veterinary oncology. Oncogenic viruses in veterinary medicine are of primary importance not only as original pathogens of pets, but also in the view of pets as models of human malignancies. Hence, this work will provide an overview of the main oncogenic viruses of companion animals, with brief notes of comparative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Niccolò Fonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Millanta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento, 36, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento, 36, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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5
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Munday JS, Knight CG, Luff JA. Papillomaviral skin diseases of humans, dogs, cats and horses: A comparative review. Part 2: Pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. Vet J 2022; 288:105898. [PMID: 36152994 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are well recognized to cause pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases in humans. Similarly, there is increasing evidence that PVs play a significant role in the development of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases of the haired skin of dogs and cats, and the mucosa of horses. As the mechanisms by which PVs cause neoplasia are well studied in humans, it is valuable to compare the PV-induced neoplasms of humans with similar PV-associated neoplasms in the companion animal species. In the second part of this comparative review, the pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases thought to be caused by PVs in humans, dogs, cats, and horses are described. This includes PV-induced cutaneous plaques, cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and mucosal SCCs within the four species. The review concludes with a discussion about the potential use of vaccines to prevent PV-induced diseases of dogs, cats, and horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Munday
- Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Cameron G Knight
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Luff
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Swan MB, Morrow DM, Lurie DM. Pilot study evaluating stereotactic body radiation therapy for feline facial squamous cell carcinomas. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:1081-1088. [PMID: 33615873 PMCID: PMC10812163 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x21994391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has not been assessed in advanced-stage feline solar-induced facial squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). The objective of this study was to provide preliminary data on the use and safety profile of coarse fractions administered with an SBRT regime to manage advanced-stage feline solar-induced facial SCCs. METHODS This retrospective study assessed five cats diagnosed with advanced-stage solar-induced facial SCCs that received SBRT as their primary treatment or, in one cat, following failed surgical intervention. Tumour sites received three fractions totalling 26.25-27 Gy over a 3-5-day period. RESULTS All patients developed acute effects following SBRT including alopecia, epilation and erythema. Late effects were mild and included alopecia, variable pigmentation and leukotrichia within radiation fields. All patients were alive at the time of article submission, with overall survival times ranging from 118 to 991 days. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results suggest that coarse fractions administered with an SBRT technique is a safe and effective treatment tool for the management of advanced-stage feline solar-induced facial SCCs. These data provide preliminary evidence to support larger, prospective studies evaluating the management of feline facial SCCs with SBRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela B Swan
- Oncology Department, Animal Referral Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Deanna M Morrow
- Oncology Department, Animal Referral Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David M Lurie
- Oncology Department, Animal Referral Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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McLaughlin A, Tripp C, Bertram CA, Kiupel M, Thaiwong T, Reavill D. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 39 cases (1998-2019). J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Papillomaviruses in Domestic Cats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081664. [PMID: 34452528 PMCID: PMC8402708 DOI: 10.3390/v13081664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are well established to cause hyperplastic papillomas (warts) in humans and animals. In addition, due to their ability to alter cell regulation, PVs are also recognized to cause approximately 5% of human cancers and these viruses have been associated with neoplasia in a number of animal species. In contrast to other domestic species, cats have traditionally been thought to less frequently develop disease due to PV infection. However, in the last 15 years, the number of viruses and the different lesions associated with PVs in cats have greatly expanded. In this review, the PV life cycle and the subsequent immune response is briefly discussed along with methods used to investigate a PV etiology of a lesion. The seven PV types that are currently known to infect cats are reviewed. The lesions that have been associated with PV infections in cats are then discussed and the review finishes with a brief discussion on the use of vaccines to prevent PV-induced disease in domestic cats.
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9
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Wood CJ, Selmic LE, Schlag AN, Bacmeister C, Séguin B, Culp WTN, Ayres SA, Sumner JP, Byer B, Mayer UK, Liptak JM. Biological behaviour and clinical outcome in 42 cats with sarcoids (cutaneous fibropapillomas). Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:699-705. [PMID: 32304135 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Feline sarcoids (or cutaneous fibropapillomas) are rare dermal neoplasms. There are currently no reported statistics concerning their clinical behaviour. Our objective with this retrospective, multi-institutional study was to describe the clinical presentation and biological behaviour of sarcoids in cats and to determine the oncologic outcome following surgical resection. Medical records from a laboratory database and six contributing institutions were searched to identify cats with histologically confirmed sarcoids. Forty-two cats were included in the study. The majority of sarcoids occurred on the face, particularly rostral locations such as the lips and nasal planum. Complete and incomplete histologic excision was achieved in 18 and 21 cats, respectively. The overall local recurrence rate was 40.5%. Complete histologic excision was associated with a significantly lower local recurrence rate (11.1%) and longer disease-free interval (not reached) compared with cats with incompletely excised sarcoids (66.7% and 250 days, respectively). The 1- and 2-year local recurrence rates were 0% and 7%, respectively, for cats with complete histologic excision, and 67% at both time intervals for cats with incomplete histologic excision. Five of the cats (83.3%) treated with curative-intent surgical revision following local tumour recurrence had no further local recurrence. All cats that died secondary to tumour-related causes had initial incomplete histologic excision and were euthanized because of local recurrence. Wide surgical resection of feline sarcoids is recommended to achieve complete histologic excision, local tumour control and a potential cure. For cats with incomplete histologic excision or local tumour recurrence, repeat surgical resection is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ariel N Schlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Bernard Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - William T N Culp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sara A Ayres
- Mapleview Animal Clinic, Barrie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia P Sumner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brittney Byer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ursula K Mayer
- AniCura Kleintierspezialisten Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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10
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Lino M, Lanore D, Lajoinie M, Jimenez A, Crouzet F, Queiroga FL. Prognostic factors for cats with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum following high-dose rate brachytherapy. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:1157-1164. [PMID: 30667286 PMCID: PMC10814269 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18822409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate retrospectively the prognostic impact of variables such as sex, neuter status, breed, age, number of lesions, location and size of the tumour, tumour extension beyond the nasal planum, ulceration and lymph node status, among others, in a population of cats treated with high-dose rate brachytherapy. METHODS This study reviews the outcome of 58 cats with cytologically and/or histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum, treated at the Clinic Alliance (Bordeaux, France) with high-dose rate brachytherapy from 2010-2016. The total radiation dose delivered was 30 Gy, administered in two different schedules: five fractions of 6 Gy for a period of 4 days (Tuesday-Friday) or four fractions of 7.5 Gy for a period of 3 days (Tuesday- Thursday). Data were collected from cats' clinical records. RESULTS Complete response was achieved in 72% (n = 36) of the cats, partial response in 24% (n = 13) and 2% (n = 1) did not respond. Median progression-free survival and overall survival times were 316 and 835 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results indicated that sex (P = 0.045), extension of the tumour from the nasal planum to the upper lip (P = 0.015), tumour size (P = 0.015; P = 0.001), the existence of a previous treatment (P = 0.043) and the tumour response to high-dose rate brachytherapy (P = 0.038; P <0.001) are prognostic factors for cats with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum following high-dose rate brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Lino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ana Jimenez
- Veterinary Clinic Alliance, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Felisbina L Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, Institute of Sciences, Technologies and Agro-environment, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Abstract
The enhanced understanding of immunology experienced over the last 4 decades afforded through the tools of molecular biology has recently translated into cancer immunotherapy becoming one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding fields. Human cancer immunotherapy is now recognized as one of the pillars of treatment alongside surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The field of veterinary cancer immunotherapy has also rapidly advanced in the last decade with a handful of commercially available products and a plethora of investigational cancer immunotherapies that will hopefully expand the veterinary oncology treatment toolkit over time.
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12
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Munday JS, Sharp CR, Beatty JA. Novel viruses: Update on the significance of papillomavirus infections in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:409-418. [PMID: 30477386 PMCID: PMC10814418 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18808105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Prior to 1990 papillomaviruses (PVs) were not recognised to infect or cause disease in domestic cats. Since this time, the use of histology, immunohistochemistry and, more recently, molecular techniques has revealed that PVs almost certainly cause feline viral plaques and Bowenoid in situ carcinomas, oral papillomas and feline sarcoids. In addition, there is increasing evidence that PVs play a significant role in the development of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, one of the most common skin cancers of cats. Recent studies have also revealed that most cats are asymptomatically infected with PVs. This raises a critical question that is currently unanswered: why do only a small proportion of infected cats develop disease? In the future it may be possible to prevent PV-induced diseases by using a vaccine to prevent PV infection. Alternatively, novel therapies may be developed that prevent PVs from causing clinical disease by stimulating the host immune response. CLINICAL CHALLENGES A recognition of the skin diseases caused by PVs is important to more accurately predict disease progression. Unfortunately, there are currently no non-surgical treatments that have been proven to be beneficial in cats and clinical management of PV-induced skin disease in cats can be challenging. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE PVs have a worldwide distribution and negatively impact feline health and welfare globally. AUDIENCE This review is aimed at clinicians, especially those who regularly treat cats with skin disease. The review will also be useful to oncologists and researchers who have an interest in how cancer develops in cats. EVIDENCE BASE In producing this update the authors have drawn on recently published peer-reviewed literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Munday
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410 New Zealand
| | - Claire R Sharp
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Australia
| | - Julia A Beatty
- University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, NSW 2006, Australia
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Meyer J, Kolodziejek J, Häbich AC, Dinhopl N, Richter B. Multicentric Squamous Cell Tumors in Panther Chameleons (Furcifer pardalis). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Hansen N, Nicholas N, Pack G, Mackie JT, Shipstone M, Munday JS, Reddell P, Orbell G, Malik R. Progressive cutaneous viral pigmented plaques in three Hungarian Vizslas and the response of lesions to topical tigilanol tiglate gel. Vet Med Sci 2018; 4:53-62. [PMID: 29468081 PMCID: PMC5813106 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous pigmented viral plaques is a disorder of epidermal growth caused by canine papillomavirus type 4 (CPV-4). There is currently no standard of care for managing this condition and it has not been reported in the Hungarian Vizsla. This case series documents the clinical features of canine pigmented viral plaques in Hungarian Vizsla dogs and the treatment of a severe case using a novel topical agent tigilanol tiglate (EBC-46). A 4-year-old spayed Hungarian Vizsla in Australia was presented for multiple cutaneous pigmented plaques extending from the ventral cervical region. Lesions were neither painful nor pruritic. The number and size of these sessile plaques increased over time, with the largest lesions eventually taking on an exophytic (wart-like) appearance. These lesions did not affect the dog's wellbeing. Two much less severe cases in a 5-year-old Vizsla from the UK and a 7-year-old Vizsla from New Zealand were also diagnosed. Histology was consistent with papillomavirus-induced pigmented plaques and CPV-4 DNA sequences were amplified from paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue using the polymerase chain reaction from the most severely affected patient. Topical imiquimod was ineffective although used for only a short time. Two topical applications of novel anti-neoplastic diterpene ester tigilanol tiglate as a gel, 9 days apart, greatly reduced the size and number of lesions in a limited portion of skin treated, over the lateral hock. While CPV-4 has been previously reported to cause pigmented plaques, most commonly on pug dogs, but sporadically on other breeds, this is the first report of this virus causing plaques in Hungarian Vizslas. The cases illustrate some of the difficulties in diagnosing papillomavirus-induced disease in dogs, especially in its early stages. Topical tigilanol tiglate is a potentially useful topical therapy for this viral-induced disorder of cell growth and represents a treatment deserving of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Hansen
- Greencross Noosa Veterinary ClinicTewantinQueenslandAustralia
| | | | | | - John T. Mackie
- QML PathologyArndale Shopping CentreSpringwoodQueenslandAustralia
| | - Michael Shipstone
- Veterinary Specialist ServicesUnit 14Springwood CentreUnderwoodQueenslandAustralia
| | - John S. Munday
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | | | - Geoff Orbell
- New Zealand Veterinary PathologyInstitute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary EducationUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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16
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Munday JS, Thomson NA, Henderson G, Fairley R, Orbell GM. Identification of Felis catus papillomavirus 3 in skin neoplasms from four cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 30:324-328. [PMID: 29284382 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717750852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bowenoid in situ carcinomas (BISCs) are papillomavirus (PV)-induced skin neoplasms that are thought to be caused by Felis catus papillomavirus (FcaPV) 2. As BISCs are typically multiple and can become extensive, they can be difficult to treat. Herein we describe 4 cats that developed skin neoplasms that contained FcaPV-3 DNA. One cat developed multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), 1 a BISC with unusual extension into hair follicles, and 2 developed a single typical-appearing BISC. All neoplasms contained prominent PV-induced cell changes and intense p16CDKN2a protein immunostaining. Results from these 4 cats provide evidence that FcaPV-3 could cause a proportion of feline skin cancers, albeit less frequently than FcaPV-2. Excision of the typical BISCs and the BCCs appeared curative. Although the cat with the unusual BISC was euthanized because of the large size of the lesion, evidence from these 4 cats suggests that skin neoplasms that contain FcaPV-3 DNA may have a less aggressive clinical behavior than those associated with FcaPV-2. A consistent feature of the neoplasms in all 4 cats was the presence of prominent basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies; these inclusions have not been reported in lesions caused by FcaPV-2, to our knowledge, and their detection may allow differentiation between the different PV types and could therefore be a useful prognostic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Munday
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Munday, Thomson).,The Gardens Veterinary Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand (Henderson).,Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand (Fairley).,New Zealand Veterinary Pathology, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Orbell)
| | - Neroli A Thomson
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Munday, Thomson).,The Gardens Veterinary Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand (Henderson).,Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand (Fairley).,New Zealand Veterinary Pathology, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Orbell)
| | - Gidget Henderson
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Munday, Thomson).,The Gardens Veterinary Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand (Henderson).,Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand (Fairley).,New Zealand Veterinary Pathology, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Orbell)
| | - Rob Fairley
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Munday, Thomson).,The Gardens Veterinary Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand (Henderson).,Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand (Fairley).,New Zealand Veterinary Pathology, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Orbell)
| | - Geoff M Orbell
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Munday, Thomson).,The Gardens Veterinary Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand (Henderson).,Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand (Fairley).,New Zealand Veterinary Pathology, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Orbell)
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17
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SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN TWO SNOW LEOPARDS (UNCIA UNCIA) WITH UNUSUAL AURICULAR PRESENTATION. J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 48:578-580. [PMID: 28749302 DOI: 10.1638/2016-0099r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is well documented in snow leopards ( Uncia uncia ) and most common locations are oral, facial, or pedal. These two cases illustrate an unusual auricular presentation, which is more often reported in white domestic cats. The animals were aged and presented clinical signs of otitis such as head shaking and ear scratching. Clinical examinations showed auricular canal masses with chronic purulent otitis. In both cases, clinical deterioration led to euthanasia and histology of the ear canal was consistent with SCC and showed numerous vascular emboli. These cases illustrate an unreported aggressive localization for SCC in snow leopards, which should be included in the differential diagnosis of otitis in this species. Auricular SCC may be underdiagnosed as the ear canal is infrequently sampled for histopathology. This auricular localization should be considered when metastases are found upon necropsy without internal primary tumor.
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Munday JS, Thomson NA, Luff JA. Papillomaviruses in dogs and cats. Vet J 2017; 225:23-31. [PMID: 28720294 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) cause disease in both dogs and cats. In dogs, PVs are thought to cause oral papillomatosis, cutaneous papillomas and canine viral pigmented plaques, whereas PVs have been rarely associated with the development of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in this species. In cats, PVs are currently thought to cause oral papillomas, feline viral plaques, Bowenoid in situ carcinomas and feline sarcoids. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that PVs may also be a cause of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas in cats. These diseases are discussed in this review. Additionally, there is a brief overview of PV biology, including how these viruses cause disease. Diagnostic techniques and possible methods to prevent PV infection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Munday
- Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Neroli A Thomson
- Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer A Luff
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Megill C, Wilkin T. Topical therapies for the treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2017; 28:86-90. [PMID: 29910593 DOI: 10.1053/j.scrs.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Anal cancer may be prevented by treating anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Ablative therapies are the most commonly used treatments, but they may not be appropriate for all patients including those with extensive HSIL or bleeding diastheses. Researchers have studied topical therapies for human papillomavirus related lesions including anal HSIL. These therapies include patient-applied 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod and cidofovir, and provider-applied trichloroacetic acid. This review will discuss literature supporting efficacy of these products, which is based mainly on case series with few controlled trials having been conducted. Side effects are common with patient-applied topical therapy often requiring dose reduction and medication to treat pain. However, treatment discontinuations are infrequent. This review will also discuss some approaches to the use of these products in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Megill
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine 53 W. 23 St. 6 Floor, New York, NY 10010, 212-746-7204 (phone), 212-746-7203 (fax)
| | - Timothy Wilkin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine 53 W. 23 St. 6 Floor, New York, NY 10010, 212-746-7204 (phone), 212-746-7203 (fax)
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20
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Munday JS, Fairley R, Atkinson K. The detection of Felis catus papillomavirus 3 DNA in a feline bowenoid in situ carcinoma with novel histologic features and benign clinical behavior. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:612-5. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716658930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bowenoid in situ carcinoma (BISC; papillomavirus-associated squamous cell carcinoma in situ) is an uncommon skin neoplasm of cats that can result in euthanasia because of the development of multiple lesions or because of progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. BISCs are currently thought to be caused by Felis catus papillomavirus 2 (FcaPV-2). The presently described cat developed a single 0.5 cm in diameter interscapular mass. Over the following 18 months, the mass doubled in size; no additional lesions developed. The mass was surgically excised and histologically diagnosed as a BISC. However, in contrast to previously reported BISCs, neither prominent thickening of the deep aspects of the follicular infundibula nor marked cell dysplasia were present. Furthermore, ~50% of the keratinocytes in the affected epidermis had prominent PV cytopathic changes that included shrunken angular nuclei and elongated basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions. As the histopathology was not typical for FcaPV-2 infection, polymerase chain reaction was performed and revealed only DNA sequences from Felis catus papillomavirus 3 (FcaPV-3). No further BISCs developed in this cat 6 months postremoval, hence surgical excision appeared to be curative. Results from this case suggest that, although FcaPV-2 appears to be the predominant cause of BISCs in cats, infection by FcaPV-3 can also cause these neoplasms. BISCs caused by FcaPV-3 appear to have unique histologic features that allow the causative PV type to be predicted. Results from this single case suggest that BISCs caused by FcaPV-3 may have a more benign clinical course than those caused by FcaPV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Munday
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Munday)
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand (Fairley)
- New Brighton Mall Vet & Pet Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand (Atkinson)
| | - Rob Fairley
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Munday)
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand (Fairley)
- New Brighton Mall Vet & Pet Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand (Atkinson)
| | - Karen Atkinson
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Munday)
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand (Fairley)
- New Brighton Mall Vet & Pet Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand (Atkinson)
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21
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Munday JS, Benfell MW, French A, Orbell GM, Thomson N. Bowenoidin situcarcinomas in two Devon Rex cats: evidence of unusually aggressive neoplasm behaviour in this breed and detection of papillomaviral gene expression in primary and metastatic lesions. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:215-e55. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John S. Munday
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Tennent Drive Palmerston North 4410 New Zealand
| | - Mike W. Benfell
- Animal Medical Centre; 10 Burgess Road Johnsonville Wellington 6037 New Zealand
| | - Adrienne French
- New Zealand Veterinary Pathology Ltd; Tennent Drive Palmerston North 4410 New Zealand
| | - Geoff M.B. Orbell
- New Zealand Veterinary Pathology Ltd; Tennent Drive Palmerston North 4410 New Zealand
| | - Neroli Thomson
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Tennent Drive Palmerston North 4410 New Zealand
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22
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Regan D, Guth A, Coy J, Dow S. Cancer immunotherapy in veterinary medicine: Current options and new developments. Vet J 2015; 207:20-28. [PMID: 26545847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excitement in the field of tumor immunotherapy is being driven by several remarkable breakthroughs in recent years. This review will cover recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, including the use of T cell checkpoint inhibitors, engineered T cells, cancer vaccines, and anti-B cell and T cell antibodies. Inhibition of T cell checkpoint molecules such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 using monoclonal antibodies has achieved notable success against advanced tumors in humans, including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. Therapy with engineered T cells has also demonstrated remarkable tumor control and regression in human trials. Autologous cancer vaccines have recently demonstrated impressive prolongation of disease-free intervals and survival times in dogs with lymphoma. In addition, caninized monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20 and CD52 just recently received either full (CD20) or conditional (CD52) licensing by the United States Department of Agriculture for clinical use in the treatment of canine B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, respectively. Thus, immunotherapy for cancer is rapidly moving to the forefront of cancer treatment options in veterinary medicine as well as human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Regan
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Amanda Guth
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jonathan Coy
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Steven Dow
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Abstract
Tumor immunology and immunotherapy is one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding fields. The immune system is divided into 2 primary components: the innate immune response and the highly specific, but more slowly developing, adaptive or acquired immune response. Immune responses are separated by whether they are induced by exposure to a foreign antigen (active response) or transferred through serum or lymphocytes from an immunized individual (passive response). The ideal cancer immunotherapy agent should discriminate between cancer and normal cells (specificity), be potent enough to kill small or large numbers of tumor cells (sensitivity), and prevent recurrence of a tumor (durability).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Bergman
- Clinical Studies, VCA, 546 Bedford Road, Bedford Hills, New York, NY 10507, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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24
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Papillomaviruses in felids. Vet J 2014; 199:340-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Egberink H, Thiry E, Möstl K, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hosie MJ, Hartmann K, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. Feline viral papillomatosis: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 15:560-2. [PMID: 23813815 PMCID: PMC11148956 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x13489213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OVERVIEW Papillomaviruses are epitheliotropic and cause cutaneous lesions in man and several animal species, including cats. INFECTION Cats most likely become infected through lesions or abrasions of the skin. Species-specific viruses have been detected but human and bovine related sequences have also been found, suggesting cross-species transmission. CLINICAL SIGNS In cats, papillomaviruses are associated with four different skin lesions: hyperkeratotic plaques, which can progress into Bowenoid in situ carcinomas (BISCs) and further to invasive squamous cell carcinomas (ISCCs); cutaneous fibropapillomas or feline sarcoids; and cutaneous papillomas. However, papillomaviruses have also been found in normal skin. DIAGNOSIS Papillomavirus-induced skin lesions can be diagnosed by demonstration of papillomavirus antigen in biopsies of skin lesions, or detection of papillomavirus-like particles by electron microscopy and papillomavirus DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). TREATMENT Spontaneous regression might be expected. In cases of ISCC, complete excision should be considered if possible.
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26
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Murphy S. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the cat: current understanding and treatment approaches. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 15:401-7. [PMID: 23603503 PMCID: PMC10816592 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x13483238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a tumour that commonly involves the skin or oral cavity and is, therefore, an important differential diagnosis for any cutaneous lesion(s), especially any non-healing scabbing lesions on the eyelids, nasal planum or ears of light-coloured cats. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Superficial lesions of the nasal planum, discrete small eyelid lesions and lesions on the tips of pinnae are relatively easily treated, but higher stage lesions are more challenging to manage and may compromise the cosmetic appearance of the cat. AUDIENCE This review article is aimed at all veterinary practitioners that see cats. EVIDENCE BASE The review summarises the peer-reviewed literature relating to our understanding of feline cutaneous SCC. Unfortunately, the literature is limited and in need of updating in areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Murphy
- Head of Oncology, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
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27
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Coyner K, Loeffler D. Topical imiquimod in the treatment of two cutaneous melanocytomas in a dog. Vet Dermatol 2011; 23:145-9, e31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.01000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Abstract
The immune system is generally divided into 2 primary components: the innate immune response, and the highly specific but more slowly developing adaptive or acquired immune response. Immune responses can be further separated by whether they are induced by exposure to a foreign antigen (an "active" response) or whether they are transferred through serum or lymphocytes from an immunized individual (a "passive" response). The ideal cancer immunotherapy agent should be able to discriminate between cancer and normal cells (ie, specificity), be potent enough to kill small or large numbers of tumor cells (ie, sensitivity), and lastly be able to prevent recurrence of the tumor (ie, durability). Tumor immunology and immunotherapy is one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding fields at present.
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30
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Lehman TL, O'Halloran KP, Hoover EA, Avery PR. Utilizing the FIV model to understand dendritic cell dysfunction and the potential role of dendritic cell immunization in HIV infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 134:75-81. [PMID: 19896214 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen presenting cells which initiate and coordinate the immune response making them central targets of and attractive candidates for manipulation in chronic lentiviral infections. Emerging evidence suggests that DC immune function is disrupted during both acute and chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Despite some early promising data, the use of DC for lentiviral immunotherapy has not fulfilled its expected potential and has been complicated by the large number of variables involved in DC harvesting, purifying, and antigen loading. Pre-clinical studies aimed at identifying successful strategies for DC augmentation of current HIV treatment protocols are needed. Over the past two decades, the FIV model for HIV infection has increased the understanding of retroviral pathogenesis, and studies have begun using the FIV model to study DC dysfunction and DC-mediated immunotherapy. Careful consideration of the many variables involved in DC function and therapy should help develop protocols to explore the potential of DC vaccine-based therapies for lentiviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Lehman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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31
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Freer G, Matteucci D, Mazzetti P, Tarabella F, Ricci E, Bozzacco L, Merico A, Pistello M, Ceccherini-Nelli L, Bendinelli M. Immunotherapy with internally inactivated virus loaded dendritic cells boosts cellular immunity but does not affect feline immunodeficiency virus infection course. Retrovirology 2008; 5:33. [PMID: 18416857 PMCID: PMC2373306 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-5-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDCs) loaded with aldrithiol-2 (AT2)-inactivated homologous FIV was performed. Although FIV-specific lymphoproliferative responses were markedly increased, viral loads and CD4+ T cell depletion were unaffected, thus indicating that boosting antiviral cell-mediated immunity may not suffice to modify infection course appreciably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Freer
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Pisa, Via del Brennero 2, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
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