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Wei M, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Huang Z, Miao H, Zhang T, Lu B, Ji L. HMGB1 induced endothelial to mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis: The key regulation of early growth response factor 1. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130202. [PMID: 35820641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis has been the focus and difficulty of medical research in the world and its concrete pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to observe the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-induced hepatic endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) during the development of hepatic fibrosis, and further to explore the crucial involvement of Egr1 in this process. METHODS Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), diosbulbin B (DB), N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) and bile duct ligation (BDL) were used to induce liver fibrosis in mice. Serum HMGB1 content, the occurrence of EndoMT and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro and in vivo were detected by Western-blot. RESULTS The elevated serum HMGB1 content, the occurrence of EndoMT, the production of ECM and the activation of Egr1 were observed in mice with liver fibrosis induced by CCl4, DB, APAP or BDL. HMGB1 induced EndoMT and ECM production in human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs), and then HHSECs lost the ability to inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The hepatic deposition of collagen, the increased serum HMGB1 content and hepatic EndoMT were further aggravated in Egr1 knockout mice. Natural compound silymarin attenuated liver fibrosis in mice induced by CCl4 via increasing Egr1 nuclear accumulation, decreasing serum HMGB1 content and inhibiting hepatic EndoMT. CONCLUSION Egr1 regulated the expression of HMGB1 that induced hepatic EndoMT, which plays an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Miao
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Fucoidan-Mediated Inhibition of Fibrotic Properties in Oral Submucous Fibrosis via the MEG3/miR-181a/Egr1 Axis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070833. [PMID: 35890132 PMCID: PMC9317791 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic fibrotic remodeling disease that can progress to oral cancer. However, efficient clinical diagnosis and treatment methods for OSF are still lacking. This study investigated the anti-fibrotic effect of fucoidan on oral fibrosis. To evaluate the fibrotic ability (myofibroblast activities), we performed wound-healing, Transwell migration, and collagen contraction assays by using patient-derived normal and fibrotic buccal submucous fibroblasts (BMFs and fBMFs, respectively). RNA-sequencing and dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation chip assays were performed to identify the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of non-coding RNAs. Fucoidan suppressed the myofibroblast activities and inhibited the MEG3 in fBMFs. MEG3 was overexpressed in the OSF tissue and was positively associated with myofibroblast markers. Knockdown of MEG3 markedly inhibited myofibroblast activities, which were restored by inhibiting miR-181a and overexpressing Egr1. The results from luciferase reporter and RIP assays confirmed that MEG3 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and could directly target miR-181a, thereby preventing the miR-181a-mediated translational repression of Egr1. This study demonstrated that MEG3 exerts a profibrotic effect on OSF by targeting miR-181a/Egr1. Therefore, the administration of fucoidan may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for OSF by targeting the overexpression of MEG3.
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Ai K, Li X, Zhang P, Pan J, Li H, He Z, Zhang H, Yi L, Kang Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Li Y, Xiang X, Chai X, Zhang D. Genetic or siRNA inhibition of MBD2 attenuates the UUO- and I/R-induced renal fibrosis via downregulation of EGR1. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:77-86. [PMID: 35356685 PMCID: PMC8933641 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the progression of renal fibrosis. Methyl-CpG–binding domain protein 2 (MBD2), a protein reader of methylation, is involved in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by vancomycin. However, the role and mechanism of action of MBD2 in renal remain unclear. In this study, MBD2 mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) production induced by TGF-β1 in Boston University mouse proximal tubule (BUMPT) cells,and upregulated the expression EGR1 to promote ECM production in murine embryonic NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. ChIP analysis demonstrated that MBD2 physically interacted with the promoter region of the CpG islands of EGR1 genes and then activated their expression by inducing hypomethylation of the promoter region. In vivo, PT-MBD2-KO attenuated unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis via downregulation of EGR1, which was demonstrated by the downregulation of fibronectin (FN), collagen I and IV, α-SMA, and EGR1. Injection of MBD2-siRNA attenuated the UUO- and I/R-induced renal fibrosis. Those molecular changes were verified by biopsies from patients with obstructive nephropathy (OB). These data collectively demonstrated that inhibition of MBD2 reduces renal fibrosis via downregulating EGR1, which could be a target for treatment of fibrotic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhou Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yi
- Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Kang
- Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhuai Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Li
- Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Xiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangping Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
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Ma H, Wang C, Liu X, Zhan M, Wei W, Niu J. Src homolog and collagen homolog1 isoforms in acute and chronic liver injuries. Life Sci 2021; 273:119302. [PMID: 33662427 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Src homolog and collagen homolog (SHC) proteins are adaptor proteins bound to cell surface receptors that play an important role in signal transduction and related diseases. As an important member of the SHC protein family, SHC1 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and oxidative stress. Three isomeric proteins namely, p46shc, p52shc, and p66shc, are produced from the same SHC1 gene locus. All the three proteins are found in the liver, and are widely expressed in various hepatic cells. SHC1 has been proven to be associated with acute and chronic liver injuries of different etiologies, and plays important roles in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, this review summarizes recent studies that discuss and explore the role of SHC1 in the occurrence and progression of liver diseases. We also provide a theoretical basis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Ma
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Mengru Zhan
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Protocatechuic Acid-Mediated miR-219a-5p Activation Inhibits the p66shc Oxidant Pathway to Alleviate Alcoholic Liver Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3527809. [PMID: 31428222 PMCID: PMC6683775 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3527809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse has become common worldwide and has been recognized as a major cause of chronic alcoholic liver disease (ALD). ALD encompasses a complex process that includes a broad scope of hepatic lesions, ranging from steatosis to cirrhosis. In particular, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mainly involved. Numerous studies have shown that p66shc plays a significant role in ALD. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a dihydroxybenzoic acid that is naturally found in green tea, vegetables, and fruits, has efficient free radical scavenging effects. In this study, we aimed to assess the protective effect of PCA on ALD and to evaluate the microRNA- (miRNA-) p66shc-mediated reduction of ROS formation in ALD. Our results demonstrated that PCA treatment significantly decreased p66shc expression and downstream ROS formation in ALD. miR-219a-5p, which was identified by bioinformatics and experimental analysis, was enhanced by PCA and subsequently suppressed p66shc expression. Importantly, p66shc played an essential role in the protection of PCA-stimulated miR-219a-5p overexpression. Overall, these findings show that PCA-stimulated miR-219a-5p expression mitigates ALD by reducing p66shc-mediated ROS formation. This study may contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions for ALD.
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Wang S, Liang C, Ai H, Yang M, Yi J, Liu L, Song Z, Bao Y, Li Y, Sun L, Zhao H. Hepatic miR-181b-5p Contributes to Glycogen Synthesis Through Targeting EGR1. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:1548-1559. [PMID: 30627917 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The miR-181 family plays an important role in the regulation of various cellular functions. However, whether miR-181b-5p mediates hepatic insulin resistance remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of miR-181b-5p on the regulation of hepatic glycogen synthesis. METHODS The miR-181b-5p levels in the livers of diabetic mice were detected by real-time PCR. The glycogen levels and AKT/GSK pathway activation were examined in human hepatic L02 cells and HepG2 cells transfected with miR-181b-5p mimic or inhibitor. The potential target genes of miR-181b-5p were evaluated using a luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis. EGR1-specific siRNA and pCMV-EGR1 were used to further determine the role of miR-181b-5p in hepatic glycogen synthesis in vitro. Hepatic inhibition of miR-181b-5p in mice was performed using adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) vectors by tail intravenous injection. RESULTS The miR-181b-5p levels were significantly decreased in the serum and livers of diabetic mice as well as the serum of type 2 diabetes patients. Importantly, inhibition of miR-181b-5p expression impaired the AKT/GSK pathway and reduced glycogenesis in hepatocytes. Moreover, upregulation of miR-181b-5p reversed high-glucose-induced suppression of glycogenesis. Further analysis revealed that early growth response 1 (EGR1) was a downstream target of miR-181b-5p. Silencing of EGR1 expression rescued miR-181b-5p inhibition-reduced AKT/GSK pathway activation and glycogenesis in hepatocytes. Hepatic inhibition of miR-181b-5p led to insulin resistance in C57BL/6 J mice. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that miR-181b-5p contributes to glycogen synthesis by targeting EGR1, thereby regulating PTEN expression to mediate hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268, Renmin Road, Changchun, 130024, China
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chen Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268, Renmin Road, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Huihan Ai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268, Renmin Road, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Meiting Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268, Renmin Road, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jingwen Yi
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268, Renmin Road, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhenbo Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268, Renmin Road, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yongli Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268, Renmin Road, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268, Renmin Road, Changchun, 130024, China.
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Luguo Sun
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Li Z, Yu P, Wu J, Tao F, Zhou J. Transcriptional Regulation of Early Growth Response Gene-1 (EGR1) is Associated with Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Patients with Insulin Resistance. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2293-3004. [PMID: 31013265 PMCID: PMC6492613 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to type 2 diabetes, especially in patients with insulin resistance. The purpose of this research was to elucidate the major genes and transcriptional regulation of insulin resistance in the progression of NAFLD. MATERIAL AND METHODS We downloaded the gene expression matrix of GSE89632 from Gene Expression Omnibus. Then the principal component analysis was used to identify whether the samples were clustered. Differentially expressed genes were identified by limma R package. Enrichment analysis and protein‑protein interaction network was used to find potential function and screening hub genes. We further used ChIP-seq data from ENCODE to predict the transcriptional regulation of hub genes. Finally, we verified the functions of hub genes with clinical information. RESULTS These hub genes were significantly enriched in "response to insulin", "response to glucose", and "fat cell differentiation". ChIP-seq data showed that EGR1 (early growth response gene-1) may play an important role in the transcriptional regulation of SOCS1 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 1), SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3), and Fos gene family in the liver, as the low expression of EGR1 in patients with insulin resistance may promote the occurrence and development of NAFLD. Similarly, correlation analysis showed that EGR1 was positively correlated with the expression of SOCS1, SOCS3, and the genes of Fos gene family, and EGR1 was negatively correlated with the degree of steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Newly identified hub genes and their transcriptional regulation may promote understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance related to the progression of NAFLD and provide a new therapy target and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Tao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Shi K, Qiu X, Zheng W, Yan D, Peng W. MiR-203 regulates keloid fibroblast proliferation, invasion, and extracellular matrix expression by targeting EGR1 and FGF2. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1282-1288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Peretinoin, an Acyclic Retinoid, Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Suppressing Sphingosine Metabolic Pathway In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020108. [PMID: 29360739 PMCID: PMC5855541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently develops from hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We previously reported that peretinoin, an acyclic retinoid, inhibits HCV replication. This study aimed to examine the influence of peretinoin on the HBV lifecycle. HBV-DNA and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) were evaluated by a qPCR method in HepG2.2.15 cells. Peretinoin significantly reduced the levels of intracellular HBV-DNA, nuclear cccDNA, and HBV transcript at a concentration that did not induce cytotoxicity. Conversely, other retinoids, such as 9-cis, 13-cis retinoic acid (RA), and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), had no effect or rather increased HBV replication. Mechanistically, although peretinoin increased the expression of HBV-related transcription factors, as observed for other retinoids, peretinoin enhanced the binding of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to cccDNA in the nucleus and negatively regulated HBV transcription. Moreover, peretinoin significantly inhibited the expression of SPHK1, a potential inhibitor of HDAC activity, and might be involved in hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and HCC. SPHK1 overexpression in cells cancelled the inhibition of HBV replication induced by peretinoin. This indicates that peretinoin activates HDAC1 and thereby suppresses HBV replication by inhibiting the sphingosine metabolic pathway. Therefore, peretinoin may be a novel therapeutic agent for HBV replication and chemoprevention against HCC.
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Guan M, Li W, Xu L, Zeng Y, Wang D, Zheng Z, Lyv F, Xue Y. Metformin Improves Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Induced by TGF- β1 in Renal Tubular Epithelial NRK-52E Cells via Inhibiting Egr-1. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:1031367. [PMID: 30050950 PMCID: PMC6040246 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1031367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The early growth response- (Egr-) 1 has been found to play a key role in organ fibrosis. Metformin has been shown to be effective in attenuating renal tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is involved in renal fibrosis. However, it is unknown whether metformin improves EMT via inhibiting Egr-1. In this study, rat renal tubular epithelial (NRK-52 E) cells, treated by transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1 of 10 ng/ml with or without metformin of 1 mmol/l, were transfected by siEgr-1 or M61-Egr-1 plasmids to knock down or overexpress Egr-1, respectively. The gene and protein expressions of E-cadherin, α-SMA, fibronectin (FN), and Egr-1 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. We observed that TGF-β1 significantly reduced E-cadherin expression and upregulated the expressions of FN, α-SMA, and Egr-1, which can be reversed by metformin. M61-Egr-1 transfection could exacerbate EMT, which can be reversed by metformin. Taken together, our data show that Egr-1 plays an important role in TGF-β1-induced EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells and metformin improves EMT while inhibiting Egr-1, which provides a potential novel target to combat renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Guan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- Department of Rheumatism & Immunity, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yanmei Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zongji Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Fuping Lyv
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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Bai Q, Yan H, Sheng Y, Jin Y, Shi L, Ji L, Wang Z. Long-term acetaminophen treatment induced liver fibrosis in mice and the involvement of Egr-1. Toxicology 2017; 382:47-58. [PMID: 28286204 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury has already been well studied. However, whether long-term administration of APAP will cause liver fibrosis is still not very clear. This study aims to investigate the liver fibrosis in mice induced by long-term APAP treatment and the involvement of early growth response 1 (Egr-1). C57BL/6 mice were orally given with APAP (200, 300mg/kg) for 2, 6 or 10 weeks, respectively. Liver hydroxyproline content, collagen deposition and inflammatory cells infiltration were increased in mice treated with APAP (200, 300mg/kg) for 6 or 10 weeks. Liver mRNA expression of collagen (COL)1a1, Col3a1, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and serum contents of COL1, COL3, TGF-β were all increased in APAP-treated mice. Liver expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Smad2/3 were all increased in APAP-treated mice. Furthermore, increased liver mRNA expression of Egr-1 and its subsequent nuclear translocation were found in APAP-treated mice. Egr-1 knock-out mice were further applied. APAP-induced liver fibrosis was found to be more serious in Egr-1 knock-out mice. N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), the APAP hepatotoxic metabolite, increased cellular mRNA expression of α-SMA, Col1a1, Col3a1, TGF-β, induced ERK1/2 and Smad2/3 phosphorylation and Egr-1 nuclear translocation in hepatic stellate LX2 cells. In conclusion, long-term administration of APAP induced liver fibrosis in mice, and Egr-1 was critically involved in this process. This study points out a warning and reference for patients with long-term APAP ingestion in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuchen Sheng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yao Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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12
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Gao L, Shan W, Zeng W, Hu Y, Wang G, Tian X, Zhang N, Shi X, Zhao Y, Ding C, Zhang F, Liu K, Yao J. Carnosic acid alleviates chronic alcoholic liver injury by regulating the SIRT1/ChREBP and SIRT1/p66shc pathways in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1902-11. [PMID: 27125489 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Wen Shan
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
- Department of Pharmacy; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Wenjing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Xue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Chunchun Ding
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
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13
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Zhu HY, Bai WD, Wang HT, Xie ST, Tao K, Su LL, Liu JQ, Yang XK, Li J, Wang YC, He T, Han JT, Hu DH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist inhibits collagen synthesis in human keloid fibroblasts by suppression of early growth response-1 expression through upregulation of miR-543 expression. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1358-1370. [PMID: 27429849 PMCID: PMC4937738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A keloid is a benign skin tumor formed by an overgrowth of granulation tissue in affected patients. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists were reported to be able to regulate extracellular matrix production in human dermal fibroblasts. This study explored the underlying molecular mechanism of PPAR-γ agonist troglitazone treatment for fibroblasts obtained from keloid patients. The data revealed that troglitazone treatment of keloid fibroblasts (KFs) downregulated the expression of early growth response-1 (Egr1) and collagen-1 (Col1). Level of Egr1 were closely associated with KF-induced fibrosis. The miRNA profiling data revealed that miR-543 was transcriptionally activated after troglitazone treatment. Bioinformatic analysis and experimental data showed that miR-543 was able to target Egr1. ELISA data confirmed that Col1 protein in the supernatant were modulated by the feedback regulatory axis of PPAR-γ agonist-induced miR-543 to inhibit Egr1 expression, whereas PPAR-γ antagonist treatment abolished such effect on Col1 suppression in KFs. This study demonstrated that the PPAR-γ agonist-mediated miR-543 and Egr1 signaling plays an important role in the suppression of collagen synthesis in KFs. Future in vivo studies are needed to confirm these in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yu Zhu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Dong Bai
- Department of Hematology, Urumqi General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation ArmyUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong-Tao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Song-Tao Xie
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Tao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Lin Su
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue-Kang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun-Chuan Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun-Tao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Da-Hai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
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14
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CYP2E1- and TNFalpha/LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Alcoholic Liver Disease. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-015-0092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Donohue TM, Thomes PG. Ethanol-induced oxidant stress modulates hepatic autophagy and proteasome activity. Redox Biol 2014; 3:29-39. [PMID: 25462063 PMCID: PMC4297932 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe research findings on the effects of alcohol exposure on two major catabolic systems in liver cells: the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. These hydrolytic systems are not unique to liver cells; they exist in all eukaryotic tissues and cells. However, because the liver is the principal site of ethanol metabolism, it sustains the greatest damage from heavy drinking. Thus, the focus of this review is to specifically describe how ethanol oxidation modulates the activities of the UPS and autophagy and the mechanisms by which these changes contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury. Here, we describe the history and the importance of cellular hydrolytic systems, followed by a description of each catabolic pathway and the differential modulation of each by ethanol exposure. Overall, the evidence for an involvement of these catabolic systems in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease is quite strong. It underscores their importance, not only as effective means of cellular recycling and eventual energy generation, but also as essential components of cellular defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence M Donohue
- Research Service (151), VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, USA; The Center for Environmental Health and Toxicology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Paul G Thomes
- Research Service (151), VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, USA
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16
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Aroor AR, Restrepo RJ, Kharbanda KK, Shukla SD. Epigenetic histone modifications in a clinically relevant rat model of chronic ethanol-binge-mediated liver injury. Hepatol Int 2014. [PMID: 26201320 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-014-9546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ethanol binge augments liver injury after chronic ethanol consumption in humans, but the mechanism behind the enhanced liver injury by ethanol binge is not known. In this study we used a clinically relevant rat model in which liver injury is amplified by binge after chronic ethanol treatment and investigated the importance of histone modifications. METHODS Eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ethanol in a liquid diet for 4 weeks. Control rats were fed an isocaloric liquid diet. This was followed by three binge administrations of ethanol (intragastric 5 g/kg body weight, 12 h apart). In the control, ethanol was replaced by water. Four hours after the last binge administration, liver samples were analyzed for histone modifications and parameters of liver injury. RESULTS Chronic ethanol administration alone caused an increase in histone H3 ser10 and ser28 (H3S10 or S28) phosphorylation, and binge ethanol reduced their levels. Levels of dually modified phosphoacetylated histone H3 (H3AcK9/PS10) increased after acute binge ethanol and remained same after chronic ethanol binge. In contrast, histone H3 lysine-9 acetylation (H3AcK9) was not increased after chronic ethanol but increased significantly after acute binge and chronic ethanol binge. Increase in histone acetylation was accompanied by increased phospho-ERK1/2 in the nuclear extracts. Increased acetylation after chronic ethanol binge was also accompanied by increased protein levels of GCN5 histone acetyl transferase and a modest increase in HDAC3 in the nucleus. Histone lysine-9 dimethylation was significantly increased after chronic ethanol binge. Chronic ethanol binge also resulted in a decrease in the SAM:SAH ratio with a relative decrease of SAM levels and a corresponding increase in SAH levels. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol binge after chronic ethanol altered the profile of site-specific histone modifications and may underlie the mechanism of augmented liver injury by chronic-ethanol-binge-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Ricardo J Restrepo
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Shivendra D Shukla
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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17
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Chandrasekar R. Alcohol and NMDA receptor: current research and future direction. Front Mol Neurosci 2013; 6:14. [PMID: 23754976 PMCID: PMC3664776 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2013.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is one of the major targets of alcohol actions. Most of the excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. However, one of the most devastating effects of alcohol leads to brain shrinkage, loss of nerve cells at specific regions through a mechanism involving excitotoxicity, oxidative stress. Earlier studies have indicated that chronic exposure to ethanol both in vivo and in vitro, increases NR1 and NR2B gene expression and their polypeptide levels. The effect of alcohol and molecular changes on the regulatory process, which modulates NMDAR functions including factors altering transcription, translation, post-translational modifications, and protein expression, as well as those influencing their interactions with different regulatory proteins (downstream effectors) are incessantly increasing at the cellular level. Further, I discuss the various genetically altered mice approaches that have been used to study NMDA receptor subunits and their functional implication. In a recent countable review, epigenetic dimension (i.e., histone modification-induced chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation, in the process of alcohol related neuroadaptation) is one of the key molecular mechanisms in alcohol mediated NMDAR alteration. Here, I provide a recount on what has already been achieved, current trends and how the future research/studies of the NMDA receptor might lead to even greater engagement with many possible new insights into the neurobiology and treatment of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Chandrasekar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Core Facility, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS, USA
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18
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Canales L, Gambrell C, Chen J, Neal RE. Prenatal alcohol exposure alters the cerebral cortex proteome in weanling rats. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 39:69-75. [PMID: 23702218 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy impairs neurodevelopment in offspring. Utilizing a rodent model of continuous moderate dose alcohol exposure throughout gestation [gestation day 1 (GD1)-GD22; BAC ~70 mg/dL], the impact of developmental alcohol exposure on juvenile cerebral cortex protein abundances was determined. At weaning, cerebral cortex tissue was collected from pups for 2D SDS-PAGE based proteome analysis with statistical analysis by Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Gestational alcohol exposure increased the abundance of post-translationally modified forms of cytoskeletal proteins and the abundance of proteins within the small molecule biochemistry (includes glucose metabolism) pathway and proteosome processing pathways though ubiquitin conjugating enzymes and chaperones were decreased in abundance. In weanling offspring exposed prenatally to alcohol, alterations in cytoskeletal protein post-translational modifications were noted. Increased abundance of proteins from the small molecule biochemistry pathway, which includes glucose metabolism, and proteosome processing pathways were also noted. Decreased abundances of ubiquitin conjugating enzyme and chaperone protein were noted in the cerebral cortex of these offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Canales
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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19
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Inhibition of p53 attenuates steatosis and liver injury in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2013; 58:785-91. [PMID: 23211317 PMCID: PMC3612370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS p53 and its transcriptional target miRNA34a have been implicated in the pathogenesis of fatty liver. We tested the efficacy of a p53 inhibitor, pifithrin-α p-nitro (PFT) in attenuating steatosis, associated oxidative stress and apoptosis in a murine model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat (HFD) or control diet for 8 weeks; PFT or DMSO (vehicle) was administered three times per week. Markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as mediators of hepatic fatty acid metabolism were assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, real-time PCR, and biochemical assays. RESULTS PFT administration suppressed HFD-induced weight gain, ALT elevation, steatosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. PFT treatment blunted the HFD-induced upregulation of miRNA34a and increased SIRT1 expression. In the livers of HFD-fed, PFT-treated mice, activation of the SIRT1/PGC1α/PPARα axis increased the expression of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MLYCD), an enzyme responsible for malonyl-CoA (mCoA) degradation. Additionally, the SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK pathway (upstream activator of MLYCD) was promoted by PFT. Thus, induction of these two pathways by PFT diminished the hepatic mCoA content by enhancing MLYCD expression and function. Since mCoA inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), the decrease of hepatic mCoA in the PFT-treated, HFD-fed mice increased CPT1 activity, favored fatty acid oxidation, and decreased steatosis. Additionally, we demonstrated that PFT abrogated steatosis and promoted MLYCD expression in palmitoleic acid-treated human HepaRG cells. CONCLUSIONS The p53 inhibitor PFT diminished hepatic triglyceride accumulation and lipotoxicity in mice fed a HFD, by depleting mCoA and favoring the β-oxidation of fatty acids.
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20
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Deferme L, Briedé JJ, Claessen SMH, Jennen DGJ, Cavill R, Kleinjans JCS. Time series analysis of oxidative stress response patterns in HepG2: a toxicogenomics approach. Toxicology 2013; 306:24-34. [PMID: 23410634 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in chemically induced liver injury, however, our insight into molecular responses to different oxygen radicals is fragmentary. Since these cellular responses will differ over time, examining time-dependent changes in gene expression, and correlating these with markers for oxidative stress, may provide new insights into responses to oxidants. We used the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 to investigate the effects of oxidative stress on the transcriptome level by micro-arrays at seven time points (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24h) following exposure to the oxidants menadione, hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide including the effects on cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry, protein carbonyl formation by spectrophotometry and oxidative DNA damage by FPG-comet. In total, 3429 genes were differentially expressed, including 136 genes that were significantly modified by all oxidants. Time-dependent biological pathway analysis showed that these genes were particularly involved in inflammatory responses, cell cycle processes and glutathione signaling. These responses were confirmed and supported by phenotypic anchoring to the different cellular endpoints. In addition, using an innovative temporal analysis we established an oxidative stress-related gene expression time cluster. Altogether, this study provides new insights in temporal oxidative stress mechanisms and demonstrates sequential cellular responses that may contribute to a better hazard identification and the mechanisms of toxicological responses in the liver induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Deferme
- Department of Toxicogenomics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Thomes PG, Osna NA, Davis JS, Donohue TM. Cellular steatosis in ethanol oxidizing-HepG2 cells is partially controlled by the transcription factor, early growth response-1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:454-63. [PMID: 23103837 PMCID: PMC3549023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) regulates ethanol-induced fatty liver. However, the mechanism(s) through which ethanol oxidation controls Egr-1 is unknown. Here, using recombinant hepatoma (HepG2; VL-17A) cells that metabolize ethanol, we show that alcohol dehydrogenase catalysis of ethanol oxidation and subsequent acetaldehyde production controls Egr-1 expression. Further, the induction of Egr-1 enhances expression of other steatosis-related genes, resulting in triglyceride accumulation. Ethanol exposure increased Egr-1 promoter activity, messenger RNA and Egr-1 protein levels in VL-17A cells. Elevated Egr-1 protein was sustained by an ethanol-induced decrease in proteasome activity, thereby stabilizing the Egr-1 protein. Egr-1 induction depended on ethanol oxidation, as it was prevented when ethanol oxidation was blocked. Ethanol exposure induced Egr-1 and triglyceride accumulation only in alcohol dehydrogenase-expressing cells that produced acetaldehyde. Such induction did not occur in parental, non-metabolizing HepG2 cells or in cells that express only cytochrome P450 2E1. However, direct exposure of HepG2 cells to acetaldehyde induced both Egr-1 protein and triglycerides. Egr-1 over-expression elevated triglyceride levels, which were augmented by ethanol exposure. However, these triglyceride levels did not exceed those in ethanol-exposed cells that had normal Egr-1 expression. Conversely, Egr-1 knockdown by siRNA only partially blocked ethanol-induced triglyceride accumulation and was associated not only with lower Egr-1 expression but also attenuation of SREBP1c and TNF-α mRNAs. Double knockdown of both Egr-1 and SREBP-1c abolished ethanol-elicited steatosis. Collectively, our findings provide important new insights into the temporal regulation by ethanol oxidation of Egr-1 and cellular steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Thomes
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - John S. Davis
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- The Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- The Center for Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
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22
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Bhattacharyya S, Fang F, Tourtellotte W, Varga J. Egr-1: new conductor for the tissue repair orchestra directs harmony (regeneration) or cacophony (fibrosis). J Pathol 2012; 229:286-97. [PMID: 23132749 DOI: 10.1002/path.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the key effector cells executing physiological tissue repair leading to regeneration on the one hand, and pathological fibrogenesis leading to chronic fibrosing conditions on the other. Recent studies identify the multifunctional transcription factor early growth response-1(Egr-1) as an important mediator of fibroblast activation triggered by diverse stimuli. Egr-1 has potent stimulatory effects on fibrotic gene expression, and aberrant Egr-1 expression or function is associated with animal models of fibrosis and human fibrotic disorders, including emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension and systemic sclerosis. Pharmacological suppression or genetic targeting of Egr-1 blocks fibrotic responses in vitro and ameliorates experimental fibrosis in the skin and lung. In contrast, Egr-1 appears to act as a negative regulator of hepatic fibrosis in mouse models, suggesting a context-dependent role in fibrosis. The Egr-1-binding protein Nab2 is an endogenous inhibitor of Egr-1-mediated signalling and abrogates the stimulation of fibrotic responses induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). Moreover, mice deficient in Nab2 show excessive collagen accumulation in the skin. These observations highlight a previously unsuspected fundamental physiological function for the Egr-1-Nab2 signalling axis in regulating fibrogenesis, and suggest that Egr-1 may be a potential novel therapeutic target in human diseases complicated by fibrosis. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the regulation and complex functional role of Egr-1 and its related proteins and inhibitors in pathological fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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