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Hulin A, Gelé T, Fenioux C, Kempf E, Sahali D, Tournigand C, Ollero M. Pharmacology of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Implications for Patients with Kidney Diseases. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 19:927-938. [PMID: 38079278 PMCID: PMC11254026 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have introduced a significant advancement in cancer management. These compounds are administered orally, and their absorption holds a pivotal role in determining their variable efficacy. They exhibit extensive distribution within the body, binding strongly to both plasma and tissue proteins. Often reliant on efflux and influx transporters, TKI undergo primary metabolism by intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, with nonkidney clearance being predominant. Owing to their limited therapeutic window, many TKI display considerable intraindividual and interindividual variability. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the clinical pharmacokinetics of TKI, detailing their interactions with drug transporters and metabolic enzymes, while discussing potential clinical implications. The prevalence of kidney conditions, such as AKI and CKD, among patients with cancer is explored in their effect on TKI pharmacokinetics. Finally, the potential nephrotoxicity associated with TKI is also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hulin
- Pharmacology Laboratory, University Medicine Department of Biology-Pathology, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Thibaut Gelé
- Pharmacology Laboratory, University Medicine Department of Biology-Pathology, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Charlotte Fenioux
- Oncology Unit, University Medicine Department of Cancer, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kempf
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
- Oncology Unit, University Medicine Department of Cancer, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Dil Sahali
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
- Nephrology Unit, University Medicine Department of Medicine, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Tournigand
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
- Oncology Unit, University Medicine Department of Cancer, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Mario Ollero
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
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Ito T, Kenmochi T, Kurihara K, Aida N, Hasegawa M, Ishihara T, Shintani A. Age and Pre-operative HbA1c levels affect renal function compensation in living kidney donors. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1315-1322. [PMID: 38032440 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES About 90% of Japanese kidney transplantations are conducted from living donors, and their safety and the maintenance of their renal function are critical. This study aims to identify factors that affect the compensation of renal function in living kidney donors after donor nephrectomy. METHOD In a retrospective cohort study, we reviewed data from 120 patients who underwent nephrectomy as living kidney transplant donors in our department from 2012 to 2021. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed for donor factors affecting renal function after donor nephrectomy. RESULT The multivariable linear regression model revealed that the donor's age (p = 0.025), preoperative estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (p < 0.001), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (p = 0.043) were independent risk factors for eGFR at six months after nephrectomy. The eGFR deterioration was more strongly associated with age in females than in males, whereas higher HbA1c values were more strongly associated with eGFR deterioration in males. Higher donor age and higher HbA1c each enhance the deterioration of eGFR six months after living donor nephrectomy. The data suggest that old age in especially female donors and preoperative higher HbA1c in male donors have a harmful impact on their renal function compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taihei Ito
- Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kenmochi
- Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kei Kurihara
- Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naohiro Aida
- Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Midori Hasegawa
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishihara
- Innovative and Clinical Research Promotion Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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Raming R, Cordasic N, Kirchner P, Ekici AB, Fahlbusch FB, Woelfle J, Hilgers KF, Hartner A, Menendez-Castro C. Neonatal nephron loss during active nephrogenesis results in altered expression of renal developmental genes and markers of kidney injury. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:509-517. [PMID: 34704838 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm neonates are at a high risk for nephron loss under adverse clinical conditions. Renal damage potentially collides with postnatal nephrogenesis. Recent animal studies suggest that nephron loss within this vulnerable phase leads to renal damage later in life. Nephrogenic pathways are commonly reactivated after kidney injury supporting renal regeneration. We hypothesized that nephron loss during nephrogenesis affects renal development, which, in turn, impairs tissue repair after secondary injury. Neonates prior to 36 wk of gestation show an active nephrogenesis. In rats, nephrogenesis is ongoing until day 10 after birth. Mimicking the situation of severe nephron loss during nephrogenesis, male pups were uninephrectomized at day 1 of life (UNXd1). A second group of males was uninephrectomized at postnatal day 14 (UNXd14), after terminated nephrogenesis. Age-matched controls were sham operated. Three days after uninephrectomy transcriptional changes in the right kidney were analyzed by RNA-sequencing, followed by functional pathway analysis. In UNXd1, 1,182 genes were differentially regulated, but only 143 genes showed a regulation both in UNXd1 and UNXd14. The functional groups "renal development" and "kidney injury" were among the most differentially regulated groups and revealed distinctive alterations. Reduced expression of candidate genes concerning renal development (Bmp7, Gdnf, Pdgf-B, Wt1) and injury (nephrin, podocin, Tgf-β1) were detected. The downregulation of Bmp7 and Gdnf persisted until day 28. In UNXd14, Six2 was upregulated and Pax2 was downregulated. We conclude that nephron loss during nephrogenesis affects renal development and induces a specific regulation of genes that might hinder tissue repair after secondary kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Raming
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nada Cordasic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian B Fahlbusch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl F Hilgers
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carlos Menendez-Castro
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Kubik MJ, Wyczanska M, Gasparitsch M, Keller U, Weber S, Schaefer F, Lange-Sperandio B. Renal developmental genes are differentially regulated after unilateral ureteral obstruction in neonatal and adult mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19302. [PMID: 33168884 PMCID: PMC7653944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital obstructive nephropathy hinders normal kidney development. The severity and the duration of obstruction determine the compensatory growth of the contralateral, intact opposite kidney. We investigated the regulation of renal developmental genes, that are relevant in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in obstructed and contralateral (intact opposite) kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in neonatal and adult mice. Newborn and adult mice were subjected to complete UUO or sham-operation, and were sacrificed 1, 5, 12 and 19 days later. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed in obstructed, intact opposite kidneys and sham controls for Gdnf, Pax2, Six4, Six2, Dach1, Eya1, Bmp4, and Hnf-1β. Neonatal UUO induced an early and strong upregulation of all genes. In contrast, adult UUO kidneys showed a delayed and less pronounced upregulation. Intact opposite kidneys of neonatal mice revealed a strong upregulation of all developmental genes, whereas intact opposite kidneys of adult mice demonstrated only a weak response. Only neonatal mice exhibited an increase in BMP4 protein expression whereas adult kidneys strongly upregulated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase class III, essential for compensatory hypertrophy. In conclusion, gene regulation differs in neonatal and adult mice with UUO. Repair and compensatory hypertrophy involve different genetic programs in developing and adult obstructed kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Kubik
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maja Wyczanska
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Mojca Gasparitsch
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Keller
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weber
- University Children's Hospital, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Lange-Sperandio
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
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Aparicio-Trejo OE, Rojas-Morales P, Avila-Rojas SH, León-Contreras JC, Hernández-Pando R, Jiménez-Uribe AP, Prieto-Carrasco R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Temporal Alterations in Mitochondrial β-Oxidation and Oxidative Stress Aggravate Chronic Kidney Disease Development in 5/6 Nephrectomy Induced Renal Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186512. [PMID: 32899919 PMCID: PMC7555424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Five-sixths nephrectomy (5/6Nx) model is widely used for studying the mechanisms involved in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, a kidney pathology that has increased dramatically in recent years. Mitochondrial impairment is a key mechanism that aggravates CKD progression; however, the information on mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox alterations along a time course in a 5/6Nx model is still limited and in some cases contradictory. Therefore, we performed for the first time a time-course study of mitochondrial alterations by high-resolution respirometry in the 5/6Nx model. Our results show a decrease in mitochondrial β-oxidation at early times, as well as a permanent impairment in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in CI-linked respiration, a permanent oxidative state in mitochondria and decoupling of these organelles. These pathological alterations are linked to the early decrease in complex I and ATP synthase activities and to the further decrease in complex III activity. Therefore, our results may suggest that mitochondrial bioenergetics impairment is an early event in renal damage, whose persistence in time aggravates CKD development in the 5/6Nx model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Sabino Hazael Avila-Rojas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14000, Mexico; (J.C.L.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14000, Mexico; (J.C.L.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Alexis Paulina Jiménez-Uribe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Rodrigo Prieto-Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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Current Management of Patients With Acquired Solitary Kidney. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4:1205-1218. [PMID: 31517140 PMCID: PMC6732776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persons with acquired solitary kidney, including those who have had a unilateral nephrectomy for living kidney donation, renal malignancies, or trauma, have decreased renal mass that leads to increased intraglomerular pressure and glomerular hyperfiltration. These physiologic adaptations of solitary kidney may exacerbate other preexisting and genetic conditions that could create a predisposition to or worsen glomerular pathologies, leading to unfavorable renal outcomes. Hence, these persons may benefit from special care and lifestyle modifications, including nutritional interventions. There is a lack of consensus and evidence for proper surveillance and management after nephrectomy, and misconceptions in both directions of having a “normal” versus “abnormal” kidney status may cause confusion among patients and healthcare providers pertaining to long-term kidney health monitoring and management. We have reviewed available data on the impact of lifestyle modifications, particularly nutritional measures, and pharmacologic interventions, on short- and long-term outcomes after nephrectomy. We recommend avoidance of excessively high dietary protein intake (>1 g/kg per day) and high dietary sodium intake (>4 grams/d), adequate dietary fiber intake from plant-based foods, a target body mass index of <30 kg/m2 (in non-athletes and non-bodybuilders), and judicious management of risk factors of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD), and future studies should help to better determine optimal care practices for these persons.
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Rojas-Canales DM, Li JY, Makuei L, Gleadle JM. Compensatory renal hypertrophy following nephrectomy: When and how? Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 24:1225-1232. [PMID: 30809888 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Following surgical removal of one kidney, the other enlarges and increases its function. The mechanism for the sensing of this change and the growth is incompletely understood but begins within days and compensatory renal hypertrophy (CRH) is the dominant contributor to the growth. In many individuals undergoing nephrectomy for cancer or kidney donation this produces a substantial and helpful increase in renal function. Two main mechanisms have been proposed, one in which increased activity by the remaining kidney leads to hypertrophy, the second in which there is release of a kidney specific factor in response to a unilateral nephrectomy that initiates CRH. Whilst multiple growth factors and pathways such as the mTORC pathway have been implicated in experimental studies, their roles and the precise mechanism of CRH are not defined. Unrestrained hypoxia inducible factor activation in renal cancer promotes growth and may play an important role in driving CRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darling M Rojas-Canales
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jordan Y Li
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leek Makuei
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Gleadle
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox state, dynamics and turnover alterations in renal mass reduction models of chronic kidney diseases and their possible implications in the progression of this illness. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:1-11. [PMID: 30030169 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a worldwide public health problem. CKD is a term used to describe a set of pathologies that structurally and functionally affect the kidney, it is mostly characterized by the progressive loss of kidney function. Current therapeutic approaches are insufficient to avoid the development of this disease, which highlights the necessity of developing new strategies to reverse or at least delay CKD progression. Kidney is highly dependent on mitochondrial homeostasis and function, consequently, the idea that mitochondrial pathologies could play a pivotal role in the genesis and development of kidney diseases has risen. Although many research groups have recently published studies of mitochondrial function in acute kidney disease models, the existing information about CKD is still limited, especially in renal mass reduction (RMR) models. This paper focuses on reviewing current experimental information about the bioenergetics, dynamics (fission and fusion processes), turnover (mitophagy and biogenesis) and redox mitochondrial alterations in RMR, to discuss and integrate the mitochondrial changes triggered by nephron loss, as well as its relationship with loss of kidney function in CKD, in these models. Understanding these mechanisms would allow us to design new therapies that target these mitochondrial alterations.
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Kierulf-Lassen C, Nielsen PM, Qi H, Damgaard M, Laustsen C, Pedersen M, Krag S, Birn H, Nørregaard R, Jespersen B. Unilateral nephrectomy diminishes ischemic acute kidney injury through enhanced perfusion and reduced pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190009. [PMID: 29267404 PMCID: PMC5739457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While unilateral nephrectomy (UNx) is suggested to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in the remaining kidney, the mechanisms underlying this protection remain to be elucidated. In this study, functional MRI was employed in a renal IRI rat model to reveal global and regional changes in renal filtration, perfusion, oxygenation and sodium handling, and microarray and pathway analyses were conducted to identify protective molecular mechanisms. Wistar rats were randomized to either UNx or sham UNx immediately prior to 37 minutes of unilateral renal artery clamping or sham operation under sevoflurane anesthesia. MRI was performed 24 hours after reperfusion. Blood and renal tissue were harvested. RNA was isolated for microarray analysis and QPCR validation of gene expression results. The perfusion (T1 value) was significantly enhanced in the medulla of the post-ischemic kidney following UNx. UNx decreased the expression of fibrogenic genes, i.a. Col1a1, Fn1 and Tgfb1 in the post-ischemic kidney. This was associated with a marked decrease in markers of activated myofibroblasts (Acta2/α-Sma and Cdh11) and macrophages (Ccr2). This was most likely facilitated by down-regulation of Pdgfra, thus inhibiting pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation, chemokine production (Ccl2/Mcp1) and macrophage infiltration. UNx reduced ischemic histopathologic injury. UNx may exert renoprotective effects against IRI through increased perfusion in the renal medulla and alleviation of the acute pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses possibly through decreased myofibroblast activation. The identified pathways involved may serve as potential therapeutic targets and should be taken into account in experimental models of IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Kierulf-Lassen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Damgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Pedersen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Krag
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birn
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Rosenzweig B, Rubinstein ND, Reznik E, Shingarev R, Juluru K, Akin O, Hsieh JJ, Jaimes EA, Russo P, Susztak K, Coleman JA, Hakimi AA. Benign and tumor parenchyma metabolomic profiles affect compensatory renal growth in renal cell carcinoma surgical patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180350. [PMID: 28727768 PMCID: PMC5519040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pre-operative kidney volume is an independent predictor of glomerular filtration rate in renal cell carcinoma patients. Compensatory renal growth (CRG) can ensue prior to nephrectomy in parallel to tumor growth and benign parenchyma loss. We aimed to test whether renal metabolite abundances significantly associate with CRG, suggesting a causative relationship. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS Tissue metabolomics data from 49 patients, with a median age of 60 years, were previously collected and the pre-operative fold-change of their contra to ipsi-lateral benign kidney volume served as a surrogate for their CRG. Contra-lateral kidney volume fold-change within a 3.3 +/- 2.1 years follow-up interval was used as a surrogate for long-term CRG. Using a multivariable statistical model, we identified metabolites whose abundances significantly associate with CRG. RESULTS Our analysis found 13 metabolites in the benign (e.g. L-urobilin, Variable Influence in Projection, VIP, score = 3.02, adjusted p = 0.017) and 163 metabolites in the malignant (e.g. 3-indoxyl-sulfate, VIP score = 1.3, adjusted p = 0.044) tissues that significantly associate with CRG. Benign/tumor fold change in metabolite abundances revealed three additional metabolites with that significantly positively associate with CRG (e.g. p-cresol sulfate, VIP score = 2.945, adjusted p = 0.033). At the pathway level, we show that fatty-acid oxidation is highly enriched with metabolites whose benign tissue abundances strongly positively associate with CRG, both pre-operatively and long term, whereas in the tumor tissue significant enrichment of dipeptides and benzoate (positive association), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, lysolipid and nucleotide sugar pentose (negative associations) sub-pathways, were observed. CONCLUSION These data suggest that specific biological processes in the benign as well as in the tumor parenchyma strongly influence compensatory renal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Rosenzweig
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nimrod D. Rubinstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ed Reznik
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Roman Shingarev
- Renal Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Krishna Juluru
- Body Imaging Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Oguz Akin
- Body Imaging Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - James J. Hsieh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Edgar A. Jaimes
- Renal Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul Russo
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Coleman
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AAH); (JAC)
| | - A. Ari Hakimi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AAH); (JAC)
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11
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FGF23 is synthesised locally by renal tubules and activates injury-primed fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3345. [PMID: 28611350 PMCID: PMC5469734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In kidney disease, higher circulating levels of the mineral-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 are predictive of disease progression but direct pathogenic effects on the kidney are unknown. We sought evidence of local renal synthesis in response to unilateral ureteric obstruction in the mouse, and pro-fibrotic actions of FGF23 on the fibroblast in vitro. Acute tubulointerstitial injury due to unilateral ureteric obstruction stimulated renal FGF23 synthesis by tubules, and downregulated inactivating proprotein convertases, without effects on systemic mineral metabolism. In vitro, FGF23 had divergent effects on fibroblast activation in cells derived from normal and obstructed kidneys. While FGF23 failed to stimulate fibrogenesis in normal fibroblasts, in those primed by injury, FGF23 induced pro-fibrotic signalling cascades via activation of TGF-β pathways. Effects were independent of α-klotho. Tubule-derived FGF23 may amplify myofibroblast activation in acute renal injury, and might provide a novel therapeutic target in renal fibrosis.
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12
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Lee JW. RNA sequencing of the nephron transcriptome: a technical note. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2016; 34:219-27. [PMID: 26779425 PMCID: PMC4688590 DOI: 10.1016/j.krcp.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the functions of the kidney, the transcriptome of each part of the nephron needs to be profiled using a highly sensitive and unbiased tool. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has revolutionized transcriptomic research, enabling researchers to define transcription activity and functions of genomic elements with unprecedented sensitivity and precision. Recently, RNA-seq for polyadenylated messenger RNAs [poly(A)'-mRNAs] and classical microdissection were successfully combined to investigate the transcriptome of glomeruli and 14 different renal tubule segments. A rat kidney is perfused with and incubated in collagenase solution, and the digested kidney was manually dissected under a stereomicroscope. Individual glomeruli and renal tubule segments are identified by their anatomical and morphological characteristics and collected in phosphate-buffered saline. Poly(A)'-tailed mRNAs are released from cell lysate, captured by oligo-dT primers, and made into complementary DNAs (cDNAs) using a highly sensitive reverse transcription method. These cDNAs are sheared by sonication and prepared into adapter-ligated cDNA libraries for Illumina sequencing. Nucleotide sequences reported from the sequencing reaction are mapped to the rat reference genome for gene expression analysis. These RNA-seq transcriptomic data were highly consistent with prior knowledge of gene expression along the nephron. The gene expression data obtained in this work are available as a public Web page (https://helixweb.nih.gov/ESBL/Database/NephronRNAseq/) and can be used to explore the transcriptomic landscape of the nephron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Wook Lee
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Springer A, Kratochwill K, Bergmeister H, Csaicsich D, Huber J, Mayer B, Mühlberger I, Stahlschmidt J, Subramaniam R, Aufricht C. A fetal sheep model for studying compensatory mechanisms in the healthy contralateral kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction. J Pediatr Urol 2015. [PMID: 26211402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetal unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) triggers complex pathophysiology involving not only the affected organ but also the contralateral kidney, which undergoes evident compensatory changes. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that it would be possible to characterize a transcriptomic fingerprint and selected molecular mechanisms for compensatory growth of contralateral kidneys in UUO, specifically focusing on mediators, carriers, membrane transport, and organ crosstalk in an ovine fetal UUO model. STUDY DESIGN A fetal ovine model of complete UUO was created on the 60th day of gestation. For transcriptomics profiling, total RNA was extracted from vital renal biopsies of contralateral (non-obstructed) kidneys harvested on the 80th day of gestation, and kidneys of untreated fetuses served as controls. Statistical analysis provided the set of differentially regulated genes further forwarded to bioinformatics analysis for identification of eventual compensatory molecular mechanisms. Histological analysis was performed with hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff stains. RESULTS Contralateral kidneys showed compensatory hypertrophic renal growth, represented on the molecular side by 324 protein coding genes differentially regulated compared with the control kidney samples. Bioinformatics analysis identified an interactome (Figure) consisting of 102 genes with 108 interactions mainly involving transporters (protein transport and protein localization as well as in protein degradation), signaling molecules, DNA/nucleotide/RNA processing, and components of catabolism and cell cycle regulation. Within the interactome, nine receptors were identified as differentially regulated on the contralateral kidney, involving potential renoprotective ligands of the prostaglandin and the bradykinin receptor, arginine vasopressin receptor 1B, and integrin beta 4. Interestingly, a broad range of molecules found differentially expressed, has been previously described in stress response, renoprotection and repair (e.g., MAPK3, MCP1, DICER1, and others). DISCUSSION The compensatory renal growth interactome provides a network of transcripts significantly altered in the contralateral kidney, potentially allowing novel insights into mechanisms, interactions, and signaling pathways associated with compensatory growth, and renal protection and repair. Interestingly, the finding of an embedded gene signature reflecting signaling and communication suggests a key role of these processes in CRG either by crosstalk, soluble substances, carriers, or membrane signaling. CONCLUSIONS Using a transcriptomics approach, it was possible to identify a gene expression fingerprint of contralateral renal growth in a fetal UUO model. Further studies are warranted to validate those processes and to allow incorporation of this knowledge in new fetal diagnostic or even therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helga Bergmeister
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johann Huber
- Section Ruminants, Education and Research Farm, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Mayer
- emergentec biodevelopment GmbH, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Wang Z, Famulski K, Lee J, Das SK, Wang X, Halloran P, Oudit GY, Kassiri Z. TIMP2 and TIMP3 have divergent roles in early renal tubulointerstitial injury. Kidney Int 2013; 85:82-93. [PMID: 23760282 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are endogenous inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). While TIMP2 and TIMP3 inhibit MMPs, TIMP3 also inhibits activation of pro-MMP2, whereas TIMP2 promotes it. Here we assessed the differential role of TIMP2 and TIMP3 in renal injury using the unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Gene microarray assay showed that post obstruction, the lack of TIMP3 had a greater impact on gene expression of intermediate, late injury- and repair-induced transcripts, kidney selective transcripts, and solute carriers. Renal injury in TIMP3(-/-), but not in TIMP2(-/-), mice increased the expression of collagen type I/III, connective tissue growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and the downstream Smad2/3 pathway. Interestingly, ureteral obstruction markedly increased MMP2 activation in the kidneys of TIMP3(-/-) mice, which was completely blocked in the kidneys of TIMP2(-/-) mice. These changes are consistent with enhanced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in TIMP3(-/-) and its reduction in TIMP2(-/-) mice. The activities of tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme, caspase-3, and mitogen-activated kinases were elevated in the kidneys of TIMP3(-/-) mice but not TIMP2(-/-) mice, suggesting enhanced activation of apoptotic and pathological signaling pathways only in the obstructed kidney of TIMP3(-/-) mice. Thus, TIMP2 and TIMP3 play differential and contrasting roles in renal injury: TIMP3 protects from damage, whereas TIMP2 promotes injury through MMP2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuocheng Wang
- 1] Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada [2] Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Konrad Famulski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiwon Lee
- 1] Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada [2] Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Subhash K Das
- 1] Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada [2] Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- 1] Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada [2] Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip Halloran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- 1] Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada [2] Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada [3] Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- 1] Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada [2] Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Chen J, Matzuk MM, Zhou XJ, Lu CY. Endothelial pentraxin 3 contributes to murine ischemic acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2012; 82:1195-207. [PMID: 22895517 PMCID: PMC3499641 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a receptor for damage-associated molecular pattern molecules and also the lipopolysaccharide receptor, is required for early endothelial activation leading to maximal inflammation and injury during murine ischemic acute kidney injury. DNA microarray analysis of ischemic kidneys from TLR4-sufficient and -deficient mice showed that pentraxin 3 (PTX3) was upregulated only on the former while transgenic knockout of PTX3 ameliorated acute kidney injury. PTX3 was expressed predominantly on peritubular endothelia of the outer medulla of the kidney in control mice. Acute kidney injury increased PTX3 protein in the kidney and the plasma where it may be a biomarker of the injury. Stimulation by hydrogen peroxide, or the TLR4 ligands recombinant human high-mobility group protein B1 or lipopolysaccharide, induced PTX3 expression in the Mile Sven 1 endothelial cell line and in primary renal endothelial cells, suggesting that endothelial PTX3 was induced by pathways involving TLR4 and reactive oxygen species. This increase was inhibited by conditional endothelial knockout of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, a mediator of a TLR4 intracellular signaling pathway. Compared to wild-type mice, PTX3 knockout mice had decreased endothelial expression of cell adhesion molecules at 4 h of reperfusion, possibly contributing to a decreased early maladaptive inflammation in the kidneys of knockout mice. At 24 h of reperfusion, PTX3 knockout increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules when regulatory and reparative leukocytes enter the kidney. Thus, endothelial PTX3 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ischemic acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8856, USA
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16
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Pedersen SS, Keller AK, Rehling M, Birn H, Jespersen B. NGAL excretion is higher from the healthy side than from the injured side in unilateral acute kidney injury. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2012; 72:510-2. [PMID: 22671281 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.692809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Kim WY, Nam SA, Song HC, Ko JS, Park SH, Kim HL, Choi EJ, Kim YS, Kim J, Kim YK. The role of autophagy in unilateral ureteral obstruction rat model. Nephrology (Carlton) 2012; 17:148-59. [PMID: 22085202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Autophagy is a cellular process of degradation of damaged cytoplasmic components and regulates cell death or proliferation. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a model of progressive renal fibrosis in the obstructed kidney. And UUO is followed by compensatory cellular proliferation in the contralateral kidney. We investigate the role of autophagy in the obstructed kidney and contralateral kidney after UUO. METHODS To obtain the evidence and the patterns of autophagy during UUO, the rats were sacrificed 3, 7 and 14 days after UUO. To examine the efficacy of the autophagy inhibitors, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), the rats were treated daily with intraperitoneal injection of 3-MA (30 mg/kg per day) for 7 days. RESULTS After UUO, autophagy was induced in the obstructed kidney in a time-dependent manner. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA enhanced tubular cell apoptosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the obstructed kidney after UUO. In the contralateral kidney, autophagy was also induced and prolonged during UUO. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA increased the protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen significantly in the contralateral kidney after UUO. The Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway was involved in the induction of autophagy after UUO in both kidneys. CONCLUSION Our present results support that autophagy induced by UUO has a renoprotective role in the obstructed kidney and regulatory role of compensatory cellular proliferation in the contralateral kidney through Akt-mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy and MRC for Cell Death Disease Research Center, Bucheon Saint Mary’s Hospital, Sosa-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Geoynggi-do, 420-717 Korea
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18
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Chang IY, Kim JN, Jun JY, You HJ, Jeon YJ, Park KS, Yoon SP. Repression of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease by p53-dependent apoptosis in hydronephrosis-induced rat kidney. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:728-34. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.574289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In Youb Chang
- Korean DNA Repair Research Center
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Nam Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoulpaik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Korean DNA Repair Research Center
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin You
- Korean DNA Repair Research Center
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jeon
- Korean DNA Repair Research Center
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Pil Yoon
- Korean DNA Repair Research Center
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
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19
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Ucero AC, Gonçalves S, Benito-Martin A, Santamaría B, Ramos AM, Berzal S, Ruiz-Ortega M, Egido J, Ortiz A. Obstructive renal injury: from fluid mechanics to molecular cell biology. Res Rep Urol 2010; 2:41-55. [PMID: 24198613 PMCID: PMC3818880 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s6597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract obstruction is a frequent cause of renal impairment. The physiopathology of obstructive nephropathy has long been viewed as a mere mechanical problem. However, recent advances in cell and systems biology have disclosed a complex physiopathology involving a high number of molecular mediators of injury that lead to cellular processes of apoptotic cell death, cell injury leading to inflammation and resultant fibrosis. Functional studies in animal models of ureteral obstruction using a variety of techniques that include genetically modified animals have disclosed an important role for the renin-angiotensin system, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and other mediators of inflammation in this process. In addition, high throughput techniques such as proteomics and transcriptomics have identified potential biomarkers that may guide clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro C Ucero
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Kasinath BS, Feliers D, Sataranatarajan K, Ghosh Choudhury G, Lee MJ, Mariappan MM. Regulation of mRNA translation in renal physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F1153-65. [PMID: 19535566 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90748.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation, a process of generating a peptide from the codons present in messenger RNA, can be a site of independent regulation of protein synthesis; it has not been well studied in the kidney. Translation occurs in three stages (initiation, elongation, and termination), each with its own set of regulatory factors. Mechanisms controlling translation include small inhibitory RNAs such as microRNAs, binding proteins, and signaling reactions. Role of translation in renal injury in diabetes, endoplasmic reticulum stress, acute kidney injury, and, in physiological adaptation to loss of nephrons is reviewed here. Contribution of mRNA translation to physiology and disease is not well understood. Because it is involved in such diverse areas as development and cancer, it should prove a fertile field for investigation in renal science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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Famulski KS, Broderick G, Einecke G, Hay K, Cruz J, Sis B, Mengel M, Halloran PF. Transcriptome analysis reveals heterogeneity in the injury response of kidney transplants. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:2483-95. [PMID: 17908279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We studied the transcripts that are increased by stress and injury in mouse kidney transplants, focusing on transcripts increased in parenchymal cells-injury and repair-induced transcripts (IRITs). We compared four types of stressed kidneys: isografts, allografts, host kidneys of mice with isografts and nontransplant kidneys with ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN). After excluding transcripts associated with infiltrating cells and interferon-gamma-induced transcripts, we defined 790 IRITs in isografts. IRITs were remarkably heterogeneous in timing and mechanisms. Some were increased in host as well as donor kidneys, reflecting systemic influences (wounding, anesthetic). Most reflected local stress, resembling changes in ATN despite the lack of ATN histopathology. Mathematical decomposition of IRIT expression patterns confirmed heterogeneity, separating IRIT changes into component subsets, with an early peak (day 1) showing systemic effects and late peaks that resembled ATN, manifested Tgf-ss1 effects and recapitulated embryonic development. In allografts IRITs were initially similar to isografts but diverged due to allogeneic injury. The allospecific induction of IRITs was T-cell-dependent but perforin-granzyme-independent, compatible with delayed type hypersensitivity. The alloresponse strikingly and selectively increased the late IRITs but not the IRITs that peak early, indicating that rejection triggers parenchymal responses similar to those in ATN.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Famulski
- Division of Nephrology & Transplantation Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Kainz A, Perco P, Mayer B, Soleiman A, Steininger R, Mayer G, Mitterbauer C, Schwarz C, Meyer TW, Oberbauer R. Gene-expression profiles and age of donor kidney biopsies obtained before transplantation distinguish medium term graft function. Transplantation 2007; 83:1048-54. [PMID: 17452894 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000259960.56786.ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor factors such as age profoundly influence long-term graft function after cadaveric renal transplantation, but the molecular signature of these aspects in the allograft remains unknown. METHODS We analyzed the genome-wide gene expression signature of donor kidney biopsies of different ages obtained before transplantation. Subsequent analysis compared expression profiles from allografts with excellent function versus impaired function at 1 yr after engraftment. Differential expression profiles were analyzed on the level of molecular function and biologic role, as well as by analysis of co-regulation through transcription factors, regulatory networks, and protein-protein interaction data utilizing extended bioinformatics. RESULTS The 15 subjects with excellent transplant function defined as calculated GFR>or=45 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 1 yr exhibited a distinctly different gene expression profile than the matched 16 subjects with impaired function defined as calculated GFR<45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Donor kidneys from recipients with impaired allograft function showed activation of genes mainly belonging to the functional classes of immunity, signal transduction, and oxidative stress response. Two-thirds of these genes exhibited at least one protein interacting partner, suggesting choreographed intracellular events differentiating the two recipient groups. However, donor age may have confounded some of the associations found between gene profiles and graft function. CONCLUSION In summary, a distinctive gene expression profile in the donor kidney at transplantation together with donor age predicts medium term allograft function in recipients of cadaveric allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kainz
- Department of Nephrology, KH Elisabethinen Linz, and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Fine LG. The response to loss of function of one kidney: it all depends upon what is happening next door. Kidney Int 2005; 68:2904-5. [PMID: 16316369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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