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Kamankesh M, Yadegar A, Llopis-Lorente A, Liu C, Haririan I, Aghdaei HA, Shokrgozar MA, Zali MR, Miri AH, Rad-Malekshahi M, Hamblin MR, Wacker MG. Future Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Improved Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2302532. [PMID: 37697021 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a recalcitrant pathogen, which can cause gastric disorders. During the past decades, polypharmacy-based regimens, such as triple and quadruple therapies have been widely used against H. pylori. However, polyantibiotic therapies can disturb the host gastric/gut microbiota and lead to antibiotic resistance. Thus, simpler but more effective approaches should be developed. Here, some recent advances in nanostructured drug delivery systems to treat H. pylori infection are summarized. Also, for the first time, a drug release paradigm is proposed to prevent H. pylori antibiotic resistance along with an IVIVC model in order to connect the drug release profile with a reduction in bacterial colony counts. Then, local delivery systems including mucoadhesive, mucopenetrating, and cytoadhesive nanobiomaterials are discussed in the battle against H. pylori infection. Afterward, engineered delivery platforms including polymer-coated nanoemulsions and polymer-coated nanoliposomes are poposed. These bioinspired platforms can contain an antimicrobial agent enclosed within smart multifunctional nanoformulations. These bioplatforms can prevent the development of antibiotic resistance, as well as specifically killing H. pylori with no or only slight negative effects on the host gastrointestinal microbiota. Finally, the essential checkpoints that should be passed to confirm the potential effectiveness of anti-H. pylori nanosystems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Kamankesh
- Polymer Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6455, Tehran, 14144-6455, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717411, Iran
| | - Antoni Llopis-Lorente
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Insituto de Salud Carlos III, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Chenguang Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ismaeil Haririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717411, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717411, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Miri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
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2
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Miri AH, Kamankesh M, Rad-Malekshahi M, Yadegar A, Banar M, Hamblin MR, Haririan I, Aghdaei HA, Zali MR. Factors associated with treatment failure, and possible applications of probiotic bacteria in the arsenal against Helicobacter pylori. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:617-639. [PMID: 37171213 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2203382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori is a widespread helical Gram-negative bacterium, which causes a variety of stomach disorders, such as peptic ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis, and gastric cancer. This microbe frequently colonizes the mucosal layer of the human stomach and survives in the inhospitable microenvironment, by adapting to this hostile milieu. AREAS COVERED In this extensive review, we describe conventional antibiotic treatment regimens used against H. pylori including, empirical, tailored, and salvage therapies. Then, we present state-of-the-art information about reasons for treatment failure against H. pylori. Afterward, the latest advances in the use of probiotic bacteria against H. pylori infection are discussed. Finally, we propose a polymeric bio-platform to provide efficient delivery of probiotics for H. pylori infection. EXPERT OPINION For effective probiotic delivery systems, it is necessary to avoid the early release of probiotics at the acidic stomach pH, to protect them against enzymes and antimicrobials, and precisely target H. pylori bacteria which have colonized the antrum area of the stomach (basic pH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Miri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kamankesh
- Polymer Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Banar
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ismaeil Haririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Saberi S, Esmaeili M, Saghiri R, Shekari F, Mohammadi M. Assessment of the mixed origin of the gastric epithelial extracellular vesicles in acellular transfer of Helicobacter pylori toxins and a systematic review. Microb Pathog 2023; 177:106024. [PMID: 36758823 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H. pylori are generally considered as extracellular organisms, with exclusive colonization of the gastric milieu. Yet, several extra gastric manifestations are associated with this infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of toxin transfer by extracellular vesicles, from bacterial and epithelial origins. METHODS Tox-positive H. pylori and its two cagA and vacA mutant strains were used to produce bacterial vesicles (BVs) and to infect AGS cells. The produced BVs and the infected cell vesicles (ICVs) were collected by ultracentrifugation and evaluated by western blotting, DLS and electron microscopy. These two sets of vesicles were applied to a second set of recipient AGS cells, in which the acellular transfer of toxins, IL-8 production and downstream morphologic changes were assessed, by western blotting, ELISA and light microscopy, respectively. RESULTS The BVs were positive for H. pylori membrane markers (BabA and UreB), VacA and CagA toxins, except for from the corresponding mutant strains. The ICVs were larger in size and positive for bacterial markers, as well as epithelial markers of CD9, LGR5, but negative for nuclear (Ki76) or cytoplasmic (β-actin) markers. Bacteria-independent transfer of CagA and VacA into the recipient cells occurred upon treatment of cells with BVs and ICVs, followed by cellular vacuolation and elongation. IL-8 production was induced in recipient AGS cells, treated with BVs (1279.4 ± 19.79 pg/106 cells), early (8 h, 1171.4 ± 11.31 pg/106 cells) and late (48 h, 965.4 ± 36.77 pg/106 cells) ICVs (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our data indicates that ICVs, with mixed bacterial and epithelial constituents, similar to BVs, are capable of transferring bacterial toxins into the recipient cells, inducing IL-8 production and subsequent morphologic changes, in an acellular manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Saghiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhao G, Zhang Z, Li B, Huang S, Li W, Zhu C, Jiang B, He S, Wang Y, Wang S. Follow-up analysis and histopathological study of gastric mucosa in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211055397. [PMID: 34939874 PMCID: PMC8733369 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211055397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the histomorphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa and the prognosis in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods Progressive damage to the gastric mucosa was examined by immunohistochemistry in 2294 patients with H. pylori infection and follow-up information was analyzed. Results H. pylori initially colonized the mucus layer covered by the gastric mucosa epithelium, then selectively adhered to and destroyed the surface mucus cells causing intra-gastric and extra-gastric lesions. Gastric mucosal damage induced by H. pylori was divided into five stages according to the depth of H. pylori invasion and degree of lesion deterioration: mucilaginous, surface mucocellular, lamina propria lesion, mucosal atrophy, and intraepithelial neoplasia stages. Morphological follow-up analysis revealed no significant difference in 6-month curative effects between stage I and stage II, but significant differences were found between stages II and III, stages III and IV, and between stages IV and stage V, respectively. Conclusions This novel staging strategy may be a valuable tool for diagnosing and predicting the results of gastric mucosal damage induced by H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhishang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baohui Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Silin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wensi Li
- Department of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - ChaoYa Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pathology, 990th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the PLA, Zhumadian, China
| | - Songmao He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Yangkun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pathology, Foresea Life Insurance Guangzhou Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Saberi S, Esmaeili M, Tashakoripour M, Eshagh Hosseini M, Baharvand H, Mohammadi M. Infection with a hypervirulent strain of Helicobacter pylori primes gastric cells toward intestinal transdifferentiation. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105353. [PMID: 34896202 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal metaplasia, gastric-to-intestinal transdifferentiation, occurs as a result of the misexpression of certain regulatory factors, leading to genetic reprogramming. Here, we have evaluated the H. pylori-induced expression patterns of these candidate genes. METHODS The expression levels of 1) tissue-specific transcription factors (RUNX3, KLF5, SOX2, SALL4, CDX1 and CDX2), 2) stemness factors (TNFRSF19, LGR5, VIL1) and 3) tissue-specific mucins (MUC5AC, MUC2) were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR in gastric primary cells (GPCs), in parallel with two gastric cancer (MKN45 and AGS) cell lines, up to 96h following H. pylori infection. RESULTS Following H. pylori infection of GPCs, RUNX3 declined at 24h post infection (-6.2 ± 0.3) and remained downregulated for up to 96h. Subsequently, overexpression of self-renewal and pluripotency transcription factors, KLF5 (3.6 ± 0.2), SOX2 (7.6 ± 0.5) and SALL4 (4.3 ± 0.2) occurred. The expression of TNFRSF19 and LGR5, demonstrated opposing trends, with an early rise of the former (4.5 ± 0.3) at 8h, and a simultaneous fall of the latter (-1.8 ± 0.5). This trend was reversed at 96h, with the decline in TNFRSF19 (-5.5 ± 0.2), and escalation of LGR5 (2.6 ± 0.2) and VIL1 (1.8 ± 0.3). Ultimately, CDX1 and CDX2 were upregulated by 1.9 and 4.7-fold, respectively. The above scenario was, variably observed in MKN45 and AGS cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggests an interdependent gene regulatory network, induced by H. pylori infection. This interaction begins with the downregulation of RUNX3, upregulation of self-renewal and pluripotency transcription factors, KLF5, SOX2 and SALL4, leading to the downregulation of TNFRSF19, upregulation of LGR5 and aberrant expression of intestine-specific transcription factors, potentially facilitating the process of gastric-to-intestinal transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tashakoripour
- Gastroenterology Department, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Eshagh Hosseini
- Gastroenterology Department, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Mirbagheri SZ, Bakhtiari R, Fakhre Yaseri H, Rahimi Foroushani A, Eshraghi SS, Alebouyeh M. Transcriptional alteration of genes linked to gastritis concerning Helicobacter pylori infection status and its virulence factors. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6481-6489. [PMID: 34427890 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection and heterogeneity in its pathogenesis could describe diversity in the expression of inflammatory genes in the gastric tissue. We aimed to investigate transcriptional alteration of genes linked to gastritis concerning the H. pylori infection status and its virulence factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Biopsy samples of 12 infected and 12 non-infected patients with H. pylori that showed moderate chronic gastritis were selected for transcriptional analysis. Genotyping of H. pylori strains was done using PCR and relative expression of inflammatory genes was compared between the infected and non-infected patients using relative quantitative real-time PCR. Positive correlations between transcriptional changes of IL8 with TNF-α and Noxo1 in the infected and TNF-α with Noxo1, MMP7, and Atp4A in the non-infected patients were detected. Six distinct genotypes of H. pylori were detected that showed no correlation with gender, ethnicity, age, endoscopic findings, and transcriptional levels of host genes. Irrespective of the characterized genotypes, our results showed overexpression of TNF-α, MMP7, Noxo1, and ATP4A in the infected and IL-8, Noxo1, and ATP4A in the non-infected patients. CONCLUSIONS A complexity in transcription of genes respective to the characterized H. pylori genotypes in the infected patients was detected in our study. The observed difference in co-regulation of genes linked to gastritis in the infected and non-infected patients proposed involvement of different regulatory pathways in the inflammation of the gastric tissue in the studied groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zohre Mirbagheri
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Bakhtiari
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hashem Fakhre Yaseri
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastroenterology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Saeed Eshraghi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- Pediatric Infections Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Keikha M, Karbalaei M. EPIYA motifs of Helicobacter pylori cagA genotypes and gastrointestinal diseases in the Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 41:100865. [PMID: 33912350 PMCID: PMC8066700 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the best risk factors for gastric cancer. Recent studies have examined the relationship between virulence factors, in particular CagA toxin, and the development of gastrointestinal diseases. According to the literature, there is a significant relationship between the polymorphism of cagA-EPIYA motifs and progression to severe clinical outcomes. The main goal of our study was to determine the possible association between cagA genotypes and the risk of severe clinical outcomes in the Iranian population. We investigated these ambiguities using a comprehensive meta-analysis study, in which we evaluated data from 1762 Iranian patients for a potential correlation between all cagA gene genotypes and gastrointestinal diseases. According to statistical analysis, the frequencies of cagA genotypes including ABC, ABCC, AB and ABCCC in the Iranian population were estimated at 80.18%, 22.81%, 5.52% and 2.76%, respectively; the ABD genotype was not detected in these PCR-based studies. There was a significant relationship between cagA genotypes ABCC and ABCCC and severe clinical outcomes of infection such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Overall, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation with the number of copies of EPIYA-C and the increase of gastric cancer. Therefore, according to our results, it seems that the EPIYA-ABCCC motif has a strong positive relationship with gastric cancer in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Keikha
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M. Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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Khiddi F, Abdellahi MVM, Horma MA, Billoet A, Collobert G, Amar AM, Nech HDM, Vadel EHM, Houmeida A, Raymond J, Dauga C, Gastli N. Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Mauritanian patients. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12726. [PMID: 32686319 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is responsible for various diseases including cancer It co-evolved with humans, and human migrations shaped the expansion and the diversity of strains around the world. The risk of developing a disease depends on virulence factors, mainly the cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA). The aim of this study was to determine the cagA status in H pylori strains from Mauritanian patients and to search for a relationship with endoscopic and histologic findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS H pylori was searched in gastric biopsies taken during endoscopy in patients with gastro-duodenal symptoms. RT-PCR was used for the diagnosis and resistance to clarithromycin. The cagA status was determined with PCR and the EPIYA-cagA polymorphism with sequencing. RESULTS At all, 76/78 (97.4%) biopsies were positive. The rate of clarithromycin resistance was 4/76 (5.26%) due to the A2143G mutation, with a mixed population in 2 cases. The cagA gene was present in 23/76 (30.26%) biopsies, and the EPIYA motif was ABC in 21 (91.3%). High bacterial load and inflammation were significantly associated with cagA-positive status (P < .01). Phylogenetic analysis of the glmM and hspA genes highlighted a mixture of African and European genes in strains of H pylori isolated from patients of Moor origin. CONCLUSION We report a high prevalence of H pylori infection in Mauritanian patients, a low rate of clarithromycin resistance (5.26%) and high bacterial load and inflammation associated with cagA-positive status. The phylogenetic analysis highlights the mix of different populations leading to the Moor ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimetou Khiddi
- Unit of Epidemiology and Diversity of Microorganisms, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | | | | | - Annick Billoet
- Centre, Université de Paris, France Bacteriology Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Collobert
- Centre, Université de Paris, France Bacteriology Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Amar
- Gastroenterology Department, Cheikh Zayid hospital, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | | | | | - Ahmed Houmeida
- Anatomo-pathology Department, Chiva Clinic, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Josette Raymond
- Centre, Université de Paris, France Bacteriology Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Bacteriology Laboratory, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Catherine Dauga
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nabil Gastli
- Centre, Université de Paris, France Bacteriology Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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9
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Widjaja M, Berry IJ, Jarocki VM, Padula MP, Dumke R, Djordjevic SP. Cell surface processing of the P1 adhesin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae identifies novel domains that bind host molecules. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6384. [PMID: 32286369 PMCID: PMC7156367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a genome reduced pathogen and causative agent of community acquired pneumonia. The major cellular adhesin, P1, localises to the tip of the attachment organelle forming a complex with P40 and P90, two cleavage fragments derived by processing Mpn142, and other molecules with adhesive and mobility functions. LC-MS/MS analysis of M. pneumoniae M129 proteins derived from whole cell lysates and eluents from affinity matrices coupled with chemically diverse host molecules identified 22 proteoforms of P1. Terminomics was used to characterise 17 cleavage events many of which were independently verified by the identification of semi-tryptic peptides in our proteome studies and by immunoblotting. One cleavage event released 1597TSAAKPGAPRPPVPPKPGAPKPPVQPPKKPA1627 from the C-terminus of P1 and this peptide was shown to bind to a range of host molecules. A smaller synthetic peptide comprising the C-terminal 15 amino acids, 1613PGAPKPPVQPPKKPA1627, selectively bound cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 8, cytokeratin 18, and vimentin from a native A549 cell lysate. Collectively, our data suggests that ectodomain shedding occurs on the surface of M. pneumoniae where it may alter the functional diversity of P1, Mpn142 and other surface proteins such as elongation factor Tu via a mechanism similar to that described in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Widjaja
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Iain James Berry
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Veronica Maria Jarocki
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Matthew Paul Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Roger Dumke
- Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steven Philip Djordjevic
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia. .,Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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10
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Differential Helicobacter pylori Plasticity in the Gastric Niche of Subjects at Increased Gastric Cancer Risk. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020065. [PMID: 31109082 PMCID: PMC6630233 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) represents an independent risk factor for Gastric Cancer (GC). First Degree Relatives (FDR) of GC subjects and Autoimmune Gastritis (AG) patients are both at increased risk for GC. H. pylori genetic heterogeneity within the gastric niche of FDR and AG individuals has been little explored. To understand whether they exploit an increased H. pylori stability and virulence, 14 AG, 25 FDR, 39 GC and 13 dyspeptic patients (D) were investigated by a cultural PCR-based approach characterizing single colonies-forming-units. We chose three loci within the Cytotoxin-associated gene-A Pathogenicity Island (CagPAI) (cagA,cagE,virB11), vacA, homA and homB as markers of virulence with reported association to GC. Inflammatory/precancerous lesions were staged according to Sydney System. When compared to D, FDR, similarly to GC patients, were associated to higher atrophy (OR = 6.29; 95% CI:1.23-31.96 in FDR; OR = 7.50; 95% CI:1.67-33.72 in GC) and a lower frequency of mixed infections (OR = 0.16; 95% CI:0.03-0.81 in FDR; OR = 0.10; 95% CI:0.02-0.48 in GC). FDR presented also an increased neutrophil infiltration (OR = 7.19; 95% CI:1.16-44.65). Both FDR and GC carried a higher proportion of CagPAI+vacAs1i1mx+homB+ profiles (OR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.66-4.41 and OR = 3.43; 95% CI: 2.16-5.44, respectively). Conversely, AG patients presented a lower frequency of subtypes carrying a stable CagPAI and vacAs1i1mx. These results underline different H. pylori plasticity in FDR and AG individuals, and thus, a different host-bacterium interaction capacity that should be considered in the context of eradication therapies.
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Saberi S, Pournasr B, Farzaneh Z, Esmaeili M, Hosseini ME, Baharvand H, Mohammadi M. A simple and cost-efficient adherent culture platform for human gastric primary cells, as an in vitro model for Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2018; 23:e12489. [PMID: 29774633 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most two- dimensional in vitro models for studying host- H. pylori interactions rely on tumor-derived cell lines, which harbor malignant alterations. The recent development of human gastric organoids has overcome this limitation and provides a highly sophisticated, yet costly, short-term model for H. pylori infection, with restricted use in low-budget centers. METHOD Tissue specimens from upper, middle, and lower stomachs of H. pylori-negative volunteers were collectively dispersed and cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) or collagen-coated plates. Gastric primary cells (GPCs) were evaluated by light microscopy, immunostaining, qRT-PCR and ELISA analysis of cellular secretions, before and after H. pylori infection. RESULTS The formation and long-term (up to 1 year) maintenance of GPCs was highly dependent on adherent inactivated MEF cells, cultured in enriched media. These cells were multipassageable and able to undergo stable freezer storage and subsequent revival. The cellular composition of GPCs included the combination of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and E-cadherin (E-cad)-positive epithelial cells, MUC5AC-positive gastric cells, and leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)-positive progenitor cells. These cells produced significant amounts of gastric pepsinogens I and II. GPCs also allowed for extended (up to 96 hours) H. pylori infection, during which they underwent morphological alterations (cellular vacuolation and elongation) and hyperproduction of gastric pepsinogens and inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and TNF-α). CONCLUSION We, hereby, present a simple, consistent, and cost-efficient gastric cell culture system, which provides a suitable model for extended in vitro infection of H. pylori. This platform can be employed for a variety of gastric-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behshad Pournasr
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Eshagh Hosseini
- Gastroenterology Department, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Bagheri N, Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Rahimian G, Asadi-Samani M, Shirzad H. Clinical relevance of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors in Iranian patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:154-162. [PMID: 27666510 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) usually colonizes the gastric mucosa of more than 50% of the human population, causing an infection that may appear in early childhood and can persist for life. H. pylori is suggested as the main cause of peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis. It is also associated with gastric cancer. Its severity and symptoms depend on environmental factors, host susceptibility and bacterial components, which allow H. pylori to switch between commensalism and pathogenicity. H. pylori is genetically highly variable, and the variability which affects H. pylori virulence factors might be useful in identifying the strains with different degrees of pathogenicity. The geographic distribution of distinct H. pylori genotypes is largely unknown and should be established. The prevalence of more pathogenic genotypes in certain areas may have important epidemiological consequences. It also might be associated with the severity of H. pylori related diseases in such regions. Given that Iran is located in the Middle East and Asian populations have revealed high levels of gastric cancer, it is of clinical interest to clarify the potential of H. pylori virulence markers in predicting the associated clinical outcomes. In this review, clinical relevance of adhesion molecules and significant virulence factors of H. pylori in Iranian patients with gastrointestinal diseases are discussed in comparison to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Samani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedaytollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Zhang RG, Duan GC, Fan QT, Chen SY. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2016; 7:97-107. [PMID: 26909232 PMCID: PMC4753193 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v7.i1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common carcinoma and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes a series of precancerous lesions like gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia, and is the strongest known risk factor for GC, as supported by epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies. However, the mechanism of H. pylori developing gastric carcinoma has not been well defined. Among infected individuals, approximately 10% develop severe gastric lesions such as peptic ulcer disease, 1%-3% progresses to GC. The outcomes of H. pylori infection are determined by bacterial virulence, genetic polymorphism of hosts as well as environmental factors. It is important to gain further understanding of the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection for developing more effective treatments for this common but deadly malignancy. The recent findings on the bacterial virulence factors, effects of H. pylori on epithelial cells, genetic polymorphism of both the bacterium and its host, and the environmental factors for GC are discussed with focus on the role of H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis in this review.
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Honarmand-Jahromy S, Siavoshi F, Malekzadeh R, Sattari TN, Latifi-Navid S. Multiple repeats of Helicobacter pylori CagA EPIYA-C phosphorylation sites predict risk of gastric ulcer in Iran. Microb Pathog 2015; 89:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Frydman GH, Davis N, Beck PL, Fox JG. Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Review and the Role of Biogeography. Helicobacter 2015; 20:239-51. [PMID: 25728540 PMCID: PMC4506733 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is typically a diagnosis of exclusion, assigned by clinicians after ruling out other identifiable etiologies. Since a report by Gasbarrini et al. in 1998, an accumulating body of evidence has proposed a pathophysiological link between ITP and chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Clinical reports have described a spontaneous resolution of ITP symptoms in about 50% of chronic ITP patients following empirical treatment of H. pylori infection, but response appears to be geography dependent. Studies have also documented that ITP patients in East Asian countries are more likely to express positive antibody titers against H. pylori-specific cytotoxic-associated gene A (CagA), a virulence factor that is associated with an increased risk for gastric diseases including carcinoma. While a definitive mechanism by which H. pylori may induce thrombocytopenia remains elusive, proposed pathways include molecular mimicry of CagA by host autoantibodies against platelet surface glycoproteins, as well as perturbations in the phagocytic activity of monocytes. Traditional treatments of ITP have been largely empirical, involving the use of immunosuppressive agents and immunoglobulin therapy. However, based on the findings of clinical reports emerging over the past 20 years, health organizations around the world increasingly suggest the detection and eradication of H. pylori as a treatment for ITP. Elucidating the exact molecular mechanisms of platelet activation in H. pylori-positive ITP patients, while considering biogeographical differences in response rates, could offer insight into how best to use clinical H. pylori eradication to treat ITP, but will require well-designed studies to confirm the suggested causative relationship between bacterial infection and an autoimmune disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit H. Frydman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nick Davis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul L. Beck
- The Gastrointestinal Research Group, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - James G. Fox
- Department of Biological Engineering, Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Analysis of the intactness of Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island in Iranian strains by a new PCR-based strategy and its relationship with virulence genotypes and EPIYA motifs. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015. [PMID: 26205689 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Variants of the Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) and certain virulence genotypes have been proposed to be associated with different gastric disorders. In the present study, we designed a new PCR-based strategy to investigate the intactness of cagPAI in Iranian patients using highly specific primer sets spanning the cagPAI region. The possible relationship between the cagPAI status of the strains and clinical outcomes was also determined. We also characterized virulence genotypes (cagL, cagA, vacA, babA2 and sabA) and variants of CagA EPIYA motifs in these strains. H. pylori was detected in 61 out of 126 patients with various gastroduodenal diseases. The cagL, cagA, vacA s1m1, vacA s1m2, vacA s2m2, babA2, and sabA genotypes were detected in 96.7%, 85.2%, 29.5%, 45.9%, 24.6%, 96.7%, and 83.6% of the strains, respectively. Among the 52 cagA-positive strains, EPIYA motifs ABC, ABCC, ABCCC, and mixed types were orderly detected in the 39, 7, 1, and 5 strains. The cagPAI positivity included both intact and partially deleted, with the overall frequencies of 70.5% and 26.2%, respectively. The majority of the strains from patients with PUD (87.5%), gastric erosion (83.3%) and cancer (80%) presented an intact cagPAI, while a lower frequency of cagPAI intactness was detected in gastritis patients (61.1%). However, no significant relationship was found between the possession of intact cagPAI and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we found that cagA and vacA s1m1 genotypes were significantly correlated with intact cagPAI (P=0.015 and P=0.012). A significant correlation was also found between EPIYA-ABC and intact cagPAI (P=0.010). The proposed PCR-based scheme was found to be useful for determining the intactness of cagPAI. Our findings also indicate that the cagPAI appears to be intact and rather conserved in majority of Iranian strains. Finally, our study proposed that H. pylori strains with partially deleted cagPAI were less likely to cause severe diseases in comparison with those carrying intact cagPAI.
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Alebouyeh M, Vaziri F, Peerayeh SN, Siadat SD. A letter to the editor comment on: Five-year monitoring of considerable changes in tyrosine phosphorylation motifs of the Helicobacter pylori cagA gene in Iran. J Appl Genet 2014; 56:147. [PMID: 25323795 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Alebouyeh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alzahrani S, Lina TT, Gonzalez J, Pinchuk IV, Beswick EJ, Reyes VE. Effect of Helicobacter pylori on gastric epithelial cells. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12767-12780. [PMID: 25278677 PMCID: PMC4177462 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal epithelium has cells with features that make them a powerful line of defense in innate mucosal immunity. Features that allow gastrointestinal epithelial cells to contribute in innate defense include cell barrier integrity, cell turnover, autophagy, and innate immune responses. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral shape gram negative bacterium that selectively colonizes the gastric epithelium of more than half of the world’s population. The infection invariably becomes persistent due to highly specialized mechanisms that facilitate H. pylori’s avoidance of this initial line of host defense as well as adaptive immune mechanisms. The host response is thus unsuccessful in clearing the infection and as a result becomes established as a persistent infection promoting chronic inflammation. In some individuals the associated inflammation contributes to ulcerogenesis or neoplasia. H. pylori has an array of different strategies to interact intimately with epithelial cells and manipulate their cellular processes and functions. Among the multiple aspects that H. pylori affects in gastric epithelial cells are their distribution of epithelial junctions, DNA damage, apoptosis, proliferation, stimulation of cytokine production, and cell transformation. Some of these processes are initiated as a result of the activation of signaling mechanisms activated on binding of H. pylori to cell surface receptors or via soluble virulence factors that gain access to the epithelium. The multiple responses by the epithelium to the infection contribute to pathogenesis associated with H. pylori.
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EGR1 decreases the malignancy of human non-small cell lung carcinoma by regulating KRT18 expression. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5416. [PMID: 24990820 PMCID: PMC4080516 DOI: 10.1038/srep05416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response 1 (EGR1) is a multifunctional transcription factor; Positive and negative functions of EGR1 in various tumors rely on the integrated functions of various genes it regulates. In this study, we observed the role of EGR1 in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and identified genes that influence cell fate and tumor development. Various assays showed that EGR1 arrested cell mobility, inhibited migration, and induced apoptosis. Microarray analysis revealed that 100 genes, including CDKN1C, CDC27 and PRKDC, changed their mRNA expressions with the increase of EGR1 and contributed to intervention of tumor progression. Bioinformatics analysis and promoter analysis indicated that an EGR1 binding site was situated in the promoter of KRT18 (also named CK18) and KRT18 could assist in inhibition of NSCLC development. The expression level of EGR1 and KRT18 in NSCLC clinical cases was investigated by immunohistochemistry, in which the protein expression of KRT18 was found to be significantly associated with EGR1 and lymph node metastasis. The results collectively confirm that EGR1 functions as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC. This study is the first to report KRT18 expression is directly regulated by EGR1, and contributes to decrease malignancy of NSCLC.
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Wu HL, Duan ZT, Jiang ZD, Cao WJ, Wang ZB, Hu KW, Gao X, Wang SK, He BS, Zhang ZY, Xie HG. Increased endoplasmic reticulum stress response is involved in clopidogrel-induced apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74381. [PMID: 24058556 PMCID: PMC3772828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of clopidogrel alone or in combination with aspirin may result in gastrointestinal mucosal injury, clinically represented as recurrent ulceration and bleeding complications. Our recent work suggested that clopidogrel significantly induced human gastric epithelial cell (GES-1) apoptosis and disrupted gastric mucosal barrier, and that a p38 MAPK inhibitor could attenuate such injury. However, their exact mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods The GES-1 cells were used as a model system, the effects of clopidogrel on the whole gene expression profile were evaluated by human gene expression microarray and gene ontology analysis, changes of the mRNA and protein expression were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, and cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Results Gene microarray analysis identified 79 genes that were differentially expressed (P<0.05 and fold-change >3) when cells were treated with or without clopidogrel. Gene ontology analysis revealed that response to stress and cell apoptosis dysfunction were ranked in the top 10 cellular events being affected, and that the major components of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis pathway – CHOP and TRIB3– were up-regulated in a concentration- and time-dependent manner when cells were treated with clopidogrel. Pathway analysis demonstrated that multiple MAPK kinases were phosphorylated in clopidogrel-treated GES-1 cells, but that only SB-203580 (a p38-specific MAPK inhibitor) attenuated cell apoptosis and CHOP over-expression, both of which were induced by clopidogrel. Conclusions Increased endoplasmic reticulum stress response is involved in clopidogrel-induced gastric mucosal injury, acting through p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lu Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao-Tao Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zong-Dan Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Jun Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke-Wei Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Kui Wang
- Central Laboratory, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bang-Shun He
- Central Laboratory, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (ZYZ); (HGX)
| | - Hong-Guang Xie
- Central Laboratory, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (ZYZ); (HGX)
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Vaziri F, Najar Peerayeh S, Alebouyeh M, Molaei M, Maghsoudi N, Zali MR. Determination of Helicobacter pylori CagA EPIYA types in Iranian isolates with different gastroduodenal disorders. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 17:101-5. [PMID: 23567822 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA) is the first bacterial oncoprotein identified in human gastric cancer. The carboxy terminus (C-terminus) of CagA may undergo polymorphisms to give different types of EPIYA motifs, which may exist in single or combination form within the infected host. Sequence variations in the 3' region of the cagA impose a functional impact to the translated CagA protein. In this study, we characterize the diversity of the H. pylori CagA EPIYA types, their associations with their hosts' clinical status, and the potential of using the whole 3' region of cagA as a genetic marker for the identification of Iranian isolates from different geographic locations. H. pylori was detected in 71 out of 177 examined Iranian patients with different gastroduodenal disorders. Genotyping of the cagA variable EPIYA motif was screened by polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing was performed for all the detected cagA positive isolates. Out of 44 cagA-positive isolates, there were EPIYA motifs of ABC (30 isolates), ABCC (4 isolates), ABCCC (1 isolate), mixed types (6 isolates) and new types (3 isolates). We termed the newly identified EPIYA segment as EPIYA- A-B/C. Sequence analysis also showed the presence of uncommon EPIYA-like motifs (EPIYT and QPIYP) in some isolates. It is postulated that EPIYA type conversion through the presence of different repetitive sequences give rise to these new strains. We also identified 3 sequence motifs which may be applied as genetic markers for Iranian strains. Furthermore, EPIYA types ABCC and EPIYA- A-B/C showed association with duodenitis and gastric cancer, respectively. Further study with a larger number of strains is necessary to confirm the proposed associations and the identified sequence motifs as genetic markers. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the dominancy of Western type cagA gene and the diversity of the CagA C-terminal region in the tested Iranian strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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