1
|
Tobeigei FH, Joseph MR, Al-Hakami A, Hamid ME. Microsporum gypseum Infection Among Two Related Families With a Zoonotic Aspect: A Prospective Case Series. Cureus 2023; 15:e51402. [PMID: 38292972 PMCID: PMC10826859 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The Microsporum gypseum complex is a globally distributed group of geophilic dermatophytes that primarily affect animals but can also rarely cause dermatomycoses in humans. With some regional and occupational variations, tinea corporis is the most prevalent presentation of the infection. The aim of this study was to report on the diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis cases among related families, and their pets, from southern Saudi Arabia. Up-to-date information on dermatophytes and dermatophytosis is needed. Methods This is a prospective case series undertaken at the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. Six patients with suspected dermatophytosis were received at our hospital in 2022 and have been followed for recovery with or without scars. Characteristics of fungal pathogens were examined phenotypically on the basis of microscopic and growth characteristics, and laboratory data were used to initiate treatment with oral fluconazole, topical terbinafine cream, or oral itraconazole. Results Clinical features and culture results confirmed tinea capitis and tinea corporis caused by M. gypseum, which was also present in a pet cat. Tinea capitis cases (n = 4) did not respond to fluconazole and terbinafine treatment, but treatment with itraconazole resulted in a full recovery. Tinea corporis cases (n = 2) were treated with terbinafine, which resulted in a full recovery within four weeks, with no signs of scarring. Conclusions M. gypseum presents with serious persistent lesions and is extremely contagious. Treatment is durable but challenging, and breaking the transmission chain is more difficult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Hassan Tobeigei
- Dermatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Martin R Joseph
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Ahmed Al-Hakami
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Mohamed E Hamid
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He M, Zeng J, Mao Y, Zheng Y, Lian X, Chen H. Aetiological changes of tinea capitis in the Hubei area in 60 years: Focus on adult tinea capitis. Mycoses 2021; 64:1527-1534. [PMID: 33978260 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection of the scalp primarily affecting children, with less frequent, though not rare, observation in adults. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess changes in the causative agents of adult tinea capitis over a 60-year period in the Hubei area. METHODS A retrospective, single-centre study was performed on 164 adults with tinea capitis between 1960 and 2020. RESULTS Out of 1113 cases of tinea capitis, 164 patients were adults, representing 14.7% of all patients. Adult tinea capitis was slightly more prevalent in males (91, 55.5%) than in females (73, 44.5%), but gender difference was not statistically significant between adults and children. Adult tinea capitis was most prevalent between the ages of 18 and 29 years, with a mean age of 22 years. Trichophyton schoenleinii was the most common dermatophyte in adult tinea capitis (78, 47.6%), followed by Trichophyton violaceum (58, 35.4%). Most adult tinea capitis cases before the 1980s were caused by T. schoenleinii, but T. violaceum has become the leading pathogen for recent adult tinea capitis cases. CONCLUSION Tinea capitis is not a disease exclusive to children. On the contrary, an upward trend of tinea capitis in adults has been observed in recent years. T. violaceum has become the dominant causative agent of adult tinea capitis in the Hubei area, replacing T. schoenleinii. These results provide a better understanding of the treatment and prevention of tinea capitis in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen He
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingsi Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yehong Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuechen Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Komatsu‐Fujii T, Nonoyama S, Ogawa M, Fukumoto T, Ookura T, Anzawa K, Abe N, Tanabe H. Usefulness of topical efinaconazole for infantile tinea capitis due to
Microsporum canis
diagnosed with Wood’s light. J Dermatol 2020; 47:e401-e403. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Komatsu‐Fujii
- Department of Dermatology Tenri Hospital Tenri Japan
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | | | - Marie Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology Tenri Hospital Tenri Japan
| | | | | | - Kazushi Anzawa
- Department of Dermatology Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada Japan
| | - Noriyuki Abe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Tenri Hospital Tenri Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Winsett FT, Patel SG, Kelly BC. Bedside Diagnostics for Infections: A Guide for Dermatologists. Am J Clin Dermatol 2020; 21:697-709. [PMID: 32562204 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In dermatology, there are many bedside diagnostic tests that may aid in more rapid diagnosis and early initiation of appropriate therapy. When performed correctly, these bedside diagnostic tests can provide both sensitive and specific results. We discuss bedside diagnostic tests, such as the Tzanck smear, potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation, and mineral oil preparation, with a specific focus on their use in diagnosing infectious dermatoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Winsett
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, 4.112 McCullough Building, Galveston, TX, 77555-0783, USA
| | - Shaunak G Patel
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Brent C Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, 4.112 McCullough Building, Galveston, TX, 77555-0783, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Woodgyer A. The curious adventures ofTrichophyton equinumin the realm of molecular biology: a modern fairy tale. Med Mycol 2004; 42:397-403. [PMID: 15552641 DOI: 10.1080/13693780410001731501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence analysis of the highly variable internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2 of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of the nuclear DNA has been used to explore the phylogeny of the dermatophytes. Results have led some investigators to recommend that a number of dermatophyte species be reduced to synonymy with other established species. One such recommendation is that both varieties of the zoophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton equinum be reduced to synonymy with the anthropophilic species T. tonsurans. The morphologies of both species are reviewed, as are their roles in human infection, their physiological characteristics and their respective ecologies. Close examination of these attributes shows clear differences between the varieties of T. equinum and T. tonsurans. The significance of the homogeneity of the ITS sequences of these two dermatophytes is discussed in the context of more recent appraisals of the results of ITS sequencing in other fungi. It is concluded that the results of ITS analysis for both varieties of T. equinum and T. tonsurans are indicative only of common ancestry. Similar arguments could be put forward for rescinding other changes in dermatophyte nomenclature that have been published in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Woodgyer
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Infection with tinea capitis in childhood is a common, age-old problem that continues to plague patients and their families. As is true for most infectious diseases, the epidemiology of tinea capitis is in a constant state of flux and varies considerably with respect to geography and specific patient populations. Trichophyton tonsurans is now the most common cause of tinea capitis in the United States. A recent epidemiologic observation is a striking increase in the incidence of tinea capitis, particularly among African-Americans. Clinical studies over the past decade that have investigated the response of tinea capitis to griseofulvin, the mainstay treatment for this condition, suggest a decrease in sensitivity to this pharmacologic agent, in association with this new epidemiology. Important advances in the diagnosis and treatment of tinea capitis include a renewed interest in the use of the cotton swab method of diagnosing fungal cultures in children, and the ongoing investigation of promising new medications for the treatment of tinea capitis, including terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole in this era of resistant organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B K Chen
- Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Systemic antifungal therapy for superficial mycoses has advanced greatly since the introduction of griseofulvin in 1958. The discovery of the azole antifungal compounds, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole, allowed for a broader spectrum of treatment and a shorter treatment duration. Terbinafine, through a unique mechanism of action, has a fungicidal power not seen previously in the other antifungals. It is important to use our knowledge of the pharmacology in combination with clinical experience and cost of therapy in order to select the proper drug. The search to identify new oral antifungal agents should continue, since none of the five currently used drugs fulfill the criteria of the "ideal" antifungal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moossavi
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Tinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection of the scalp in children. Dermatophytes are classified into three genera; tinea capitis is caused predominantly by Trichophyton or Microsporum species. On the basis of host preference and natural habitat, dermatophytes are also classified as anthropophilic, geophilic and zoophilic. The etiological agents of tinea capitis usually fall in the first and last categories. In North America, tinea capitis is now predominantly due to Trichophyton tonsurans. During the past 100 years the most common North American organism for tinea capitis was initially Microsporum canis followed later by M. audouinii. In other parts of the world the epidemiology varies. Tinea capitis is generally observed in children over the age of 6 years and before puberty, with African Americans being the most affected group. Clinical presentations are seborrheic-like scale, 'black dot' pattern, inflammatory tinea capitis with kerion and tiny pustules in the scalp. The clinical diagnosis should be confirmed by mycological examination. Wood's light examination was of value in diagnosing tinea capitis due to M. canis and M. audouinii; however, it is not helpful in T. tonsurans tinea capitis. Asymptomatic carriers may be a significant reservoir of infection and spread of spores may also involve inanimate objects. Carriers may benefit from shampooing their hair. Treatment of tinea capitis requires an oral antifungal agent. The data from the use of terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole are promising and suggest that these agents have an efficacy similar to griseofulvin while shortening the duration of therapy. Both griseofulvin and the newer antimycotics have a favorable adverse-effect profile and are associated with high compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- B E Elewski
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Tinea capitis is perhaps the most common mycotic infection in children. In North America the epidemiology of tinea capitis has changed so that Trichophyton tonsurans now predominates over Micro-sporum audouinii. With this transition the utility of the Wood's light for diagnosis has been reduced since T. tonsurans infection is Wood's light negative. Griseofulvin has been the mainstay of therapy for the last 40 years. The newer antifungal agents-itraconazole, terbinafine, and fluconazole-appear to be effective and safe for the treatment of tinea capitis. When tinea capitis is due to T. tonsurans or other endothrix species the following regimens have been used: itraconazole continuous regimen (5 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks), itraconazole pulse regimen with capsules (5 mg/kg/day for 1 week plus 1-3 pulses 3 weeks apart), and itraconazole pulse regimen with oral solution (3 mg/kg/day for 1 week plus 1-3 pulses 3 weeks apart). With terbinafine tablets the continuous regimen (>40 kg body weight, 250 mg/day; 20-40 kg, 125 mg/day; and <20 kg, 125 mg/day) is given for 2 to 4 weeks. Fluconazole tablets or oral suspension (6 mg/kg/day) were administered for 20 days in one trial. Another possibility may be 6 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks and evaluating the scalp 4 weeks later. An extra week of therapy (6 mg/kg/day) can be administered if clinically indicated at that time. A once-weekly regimen may also be effective. When ectothrix organisms (e.g., Microsporum canis) are present, a longer duration of therapy may be required. The data suggest that the newer agents are effective, safe with few adverse effects, and have a high benefit:risk ratio. It remains to be seen to what extent griseofulvin will be superseded for the treatment of tinea capitis. Adjunctive therapies may help decrease the risk of infection to other individuals. Appropriate measures should be taken to reduce the possibility of reinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Science Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- I J Frieden
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lobato MN, Vugia DJ, Frieden IJ. Tinea capitis in California children: a population-based study of a growing epidemic. Pediatrics 1997; 99:551-4. [PMID: 9093297 DOI: 10.1542/peds.99.4.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe trends in tinea capitis incidence among California children and to determine subpopulations at increased risk. DESIGN Retrospective population-based study. SETTING California, 1984 through 1993. POPULATION Children < 10 years of age enrolled in Medi-Cal. OUTCOME MEASURES California Medi-Cal provider data for first-time prescriptions of oral griseofulvin suspension were used to estimate annual incidence of tinea capitis and calculate risk ratios. RESULTS From 1984 through 1993, the incident rate for prescriptions of oral griseofulvin suspension increased by 84.2% for all children, 140.4% for white children, and 209.7% for African-American children. In 1993, incidence rates (per 10,000 enrolled) were 252.1 claimants for African-American children, 23.1 for white, 17.5 for Hispanic, and 14.3 for Asian/Pacific Islander. The highest rate by location was San Francisco County (172.2). In age groups < 5 years and 5 to 9 years, African-American children were 13.1 and 17.6 times more likely to be prescribed griseofulvin than Hispanic children. Since 1987, incidence rates for children 5 to 9 years of age were higher compared with children ages < 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Tinea capitis is epidemic among California children with higher rates in the northern counties studied. African-American children are the most affected by this epidemic; however, white children have also experienced increased rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M N Lobato
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Tinea capitis is dermatophytosis of the scalp hair follicles, generally producing inflammatory or noninflammatory alopecia. Infection occurs predominantly in prepubertal children older than 6 months, although infection can occur in all age groups. Tinea capitis is one of the most common infectious conditions in children, and it occurs worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Elewski
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although griseofulvin is considered the standard treatment of tinea capitis, alternatives are being investigated in hopes of identifying more rapid and better cure rates. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine the efficacy of itraconazole as therapy for tinea capitis. METHODS An open label study was performed on three patients who did not respond to or could not tolerate griseofulvin therapy. RESULTS A 30-day course of 100 mg of itraconazole daily resulted in clinical and mycologic cure in all three patients; no side effects were reported. CONCLUSION Although these results need to be confirmed by larger, controlled trials, it appears that itraconazole offers a viable alternative to griseofulvin for the treatment of children with tinea capitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B E Elewski
- Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- A G Hayes
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee School of Medicine at Memphis
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Abstract
Fifty patients with tinea capitis were treated with itraconazole, 25 to 100 mg/day, for 20 to 73 days in six countries. Forty-seven patients (94%) responded clinically (healed or markedly improved) to therapy, of which 38 patients (76%) completely healed and 9 patients (18%) markedly improved. Three patients (6%) failed therapy. Forty-two patients were assessable for mycologic examination; 38 patients (93%) converted mycologically to negative and 4 patients (7%) remained positive for organisms. In one group of 20 patients treated for 30 days, 6 patients were clinically and mycologically healed. By the 2-week follow-up visit 9 additional patients were healed, and 4 weeks after treatment all 20 patients were both clinically and mycologically healed. The primary organisms reported were Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans. Only one patient reported a possible side effect (tired legs). Laboratory values were all within normal limits, except for one patient who had a transient and slight increase in serum transaminase level. Low-dose itraconazole appears to be safe and effective in the treatment of tinea capitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Legendre
- Janssen Research Foundation, Piscataway, NJ 08855-3998
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
van der Willigen AH, Oranje AP, de Weerdt-van Ameijden S, Wagenvoort JH. Tinea capitis in The Netherlands (Rotterdam area). Mycoses 1990; 33:46-50. [PMID: 2342520 DOI: 10.1111/myc.1990.33.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study reviews the occurrence and treatment of various forms of tinea capitis at the out-patient clinic for Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology of the University Hospital Sophia/Dijkzigt over the period 1977-1988. Tinea capitis was diagnosed in 64 children. Trichophyton violaceum was the pathogen most frequently isolated, with Microsporum canis ranking second. The potassium hydroxide preparation was positive in 58% of the cases. Four cases showed a positive potassium hydroxide preparation with a negative culture. Immigrant children from Morocco were the largest group (61%). A zoophilic dermatophyte was isolated in 15 cases (27%). A pet animal was the source of infection in 4 cases. The ratio between boys and girls was equal in the patient population studied. In 43% of the children suffering from tinea capitis the clinical features were mild flaking without hair loss (so called seborrheic dermatitis-like infection).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H van der Willigen
- Department of Dermato-Venerology (Pediatric Dermatology), Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Babel DE, Baughman SA. Evaluation of the adult carrier state in juvenile tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989; 21:1209-12. [PMID: 2584457 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(89)70331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton tonsurans is an occasional cause of scalp ringworm in adults. An asymptomatic adult carrier state also has been described. In this study the parents and/or grandparents of 50 children with proved T. tonsurans tinea capitis were evaluated. Cultures were obtained from the scalps of 46 asymptomatic adults; 14 of the cultures grew T. tonsurans. This population may provide a source for continued reinfection in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D E Babel
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
|
22
|
Abstract
We undertook a randomized double-blind comparison of griseofulvin and ketoconazole for the treatment of tinea capitis. The outcome was based on fungal culture results and changes in clinical signs and symptoms determined by an assessment system that yielded a severity score. Patients were evaluated at 4-week intervals for 12 weeks. Seventy-nine patients were enrolled; 46 received griseofulvin, and 33 received ketoconazole. Forty-eight patients (26 griseofulvin, 22 ketoconazole) were considered evaluable. Pathogenic fungi were isolated from 78% of the enrolled and 87% of the evaluable patients. Trichophyton tonsurans was the predominant dermatophyte isolated. Potassium hydroxide preparation correlated poorly with culture results (sensitivity 59%). Of 22 evaluable ketoconazole patients, 16 (73%) were considered to have been treated successfully; 25 of 26 (96%) patients who received griseofulvin were successfully treated (chi-square = 3.54, p less than 0.10). The proportion of culture-positive patients at each follow-up visit appeared somewhat greater for the ketoconazole-treated group than for the griseofulvin-treated group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Analysis of severity scores revealed no significant differences between the groups (t test and Mann-Whitney U test). No significant hepatotoxicity or other adverse reactions were observed. We conclude that griseofulvin should remain the drug of choice for treating tinea capitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R R Tanz
- Division of General and Emergency Pediatrics, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kane J, Leavitt E, Summerbell RC, Krajden S, Kasatiya SS. An outbreak of Trichophyton tonsurans dermatophytosis in a chronic care institution for the elderly. Eur J Epidemiol 1988; 4:144-9. [PMID: 3402573 DOI: 10.1007/bf00144741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A nosocomial outbreak of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans var. sulfureum subvar. perforans is reported in a nursing home for the elderly. The outbreak affected six residents and persisted for nine months despite remedial medical and sanitary measures. In a survey designed to determine the potential role of fomites in disease transmission, 129 environmental sites were sampled. A high proportion (22.3%) of the samples yielded T. tonsurans, including samples from beds, floors, and washroom facilities. Methods for the control of dermatophyte outbreaks in chronic care institutions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kane
- Ontario Ministry of Health, Laboratory Services Branch, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Abstract
Children with tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans often have a lifetime of association with the organism and, in spite of intermittent therapy, as adults pass the infection to successive generations. While most current treatment regimens are directed at treating the individual patient, our study supports the need to evaluate and possibly treat all family members and their home environment.
Collapse
|
26
|
|