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Witzdam L, White T, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C. Steps Toward Recapitulating Endothelium: A Perspective on the Next Generation of Hemocompatible Coatings. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400152. [PMID: 39072925 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Endothelium, the lining in this blood vessel, orchestrates three main critical functions such as protecting blood components, modulating of hemostasis by secreting various inhibitors, and directing clot digestion (fibrinolysis) by activating tissue plasminogen activator. No other surface can perform these tasks; thus, the contact of blood and blood-contacting medical devices inevitably leads to the activation of coagulation, often causing device failure, and thromboembolic complications. This perspective, first, discusses the biological mechanisms of activation of coagulation and highlights the efforts of advanced coatings to recapitulate one characteristic of endothelium, hereafter single functions of endothelium and noting necessity of the synergistic integration of its three main functions. Subsequently, it is emphasized that to overcome the challenges of blood compatibility an endothelium-mimicking system is needed, proposing a synergy of bottom-up synthetic biology, particularly synthetic cells, with passive- and bioactive surface coatings. Such integration holds promise for developing advanced biomaterials capable of recapitulating endothelial functions, thereby enhancing the hemocompatibility and performance of blood-contacting medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Witzdam
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac, 10, 12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom White
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac, 10, 12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac, 10, 12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking, Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, The Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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2
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Jiang W, Wu Z, Gao Z, Wan M, Zhou M, Mao C, Shen J. Artificial Cells: Past, Present and Future. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15705-15733. [PMID: 36226996 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artificial cells are constructed to imitate natural cells and allow researchers to explore biological process and the origin of life. The construction methods for artificial cells, through both top-down or bottom-up approaches, have achieved great progress over the past decades. Here we present a comprehensive overview on the development of artificial cells and their properties and applications. Artificial cells are derived from lipids, polymers, lipid/polymer hybrids, natural cell membranes, colloidosome, metal-organic frameworks and coacervates. They can be endowed with various functions through the incorporation of proteins and genes on the cell surface or encapsulated inside of the cells. These modulations determine the properties of artificial cells, including producing energy, cell growth, morphology change, division, transmembrane transport, environmental response, motility and chemotaxis. Multiple applications of these artificial cells are discussed here with a focus on therapeutic applications. Artificial cells are used as carriers for materials and information exchange and have been shown to function as targeted delivery systems of personalized drugs. Additionally, artificial cells can function to substitute for cells with impaired function. Enzyme therapy and immunotherapy using artificial cells have been an intense focus of research. Finally, prospects of future development of cell-mimic properties and broader applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Jiang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ziyu Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zheng Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Ma Q, Song Y, Sun W, Cao J, Yuan H, Wang X, Sun Y, Shum HC. Cell-Inspired All-Aqueous Microfluidics: From Intracellular Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation toward Advanced Biomaterials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903359. [PMID: 32274317 PMCID: PMC7141073 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Living cells have evolved over billions of years to develop structural and functional complexity with numerous intracellular compartments that are formed due to liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Discovery of the amazing and vital roles of cells in life has sparked tremendous efforts to investigate and replicate the intracellular LLPS. Among them, all-aqueous emulsions are a minimalistic liquid model that recapitulates the structural and functional features of membraneless organelles and protocells. Here, an emerging all-aqueous microfluidic technology derived from micrometer-scaled manipulation of LLPS is presented; the technology enables the state-of-art design of advanced biomaterials with exquisite structural proficiency and diversified biological functions. Moreover, a variety of emerging biomedical applications, including encapsulation and delivery of bioactive gradients, fabrication of artificial membraneless organelles, as well as printing and assembly of predesigned cell patterns and living tissues, are inspired by their cellular counterparts. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for further advancing the cell-inspired all-aqueous microfluidics toward a more powerful and versatile platform are discussed, particularly regarding new opportunities in multidisciplinary fundamental research and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Ma
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| | - Yang Song
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of MedicineAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Wentao Sun
- Center for Basic Medical ResearchTEDA International Cardiovascular HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300457China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Institute of Applied MechanicsNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute of Thermal Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityJinan250061China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong Kong
- HKU‐Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU‐SIRI)Shenzhen518000China
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4
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Zongo L, Lange H, Crestini C. A Study of the Effect of Kosmotropic and Chaotropic Ions on the Release Characteristics of Lignin Microcapsules under Stimuli-Responsive Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6979-6993. [PMID: 31459811 PMCID: PMC6648606 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive behavior of lignin microcapsules (LMCs) has been investigated along with the detailed characterization of their stability profiles. The disassembly of LMCs was found to be salt species-dependent, indicating the specific relevance of inherent kosmotropic and chaotropic characteristics. For the first time, a connection between the Hofmeister series and the stability profile of lignin microscale materials is established. LMCs showed excellent stability in water and under high temperature and pressure (autoclaving conditions). Active release is efficiently triggered by pH changes and balancing chaotropic and kosmotropic effects via salinity tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Zongo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University
of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Heiko Lange
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University
of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Crestini
- Department
of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University
of Venice Ca’ Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre, Venice, Italy
- E-mail: . Tel.: +39
0412348546
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5
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Xu C, Hu S, Chen X. Artificial cells: from basic science to applications. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2016; 19:516-532. [PMID: 28077925 PMCID: PMC5222523 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Artificial cells have attracted much attention as substitutes for natural cells. There are many different forms of artificial cells with many different definitions. They can be integral biological cell imitators with cell-like structures and exhibit some of the key characteristics of living cells. Alternatively, they can be engineered materials that only mimic some of the properties of cells, such as surface characteristics, shapes, morphology, or a few specific functions. These artificial cells can have applications in many fields from medicine to environment, and may be useful in constructing the theory of the origin of life. However, even the simplest unicellular organisms are extremely complex and synthesis of living artificial cells from inanimate components seems very daunting. Nevertheless, recent progress in the formulation of artificial cells ranging from simple protocells and synthetic cells to cell-mimic particles, suggests that the construction of living life is now not an unrealistic goal. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the construction and application of artificial cells, as well as highlight the current problems, limitations, challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xu
- Department of PET Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of PET Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, USA
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6
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Martino C, deMello AJ. Droplet-based microfluidics for artificial cell generation: a brief review. Interface Focus 2016; 6:20160011. [PMID: 27499841 PMCID: PMC4918832 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial cells are best defined as micrometre-sized structures able to mimic many of the morphological and functional characteristics of a living cell. In this mini-review, we describe progress in the application of droplet-based microfluidics for the generation of artificial cells and protocells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Martino
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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7
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Liu X, Xie H, Zheng H, Ren Y, Wang S, Tan M, Sun G, Wang B, Yu W, Ma X. In situgrafting MPEG on the surface of cell-loaded microcapsules for protein repellency. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1074905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Stephan C, Schlawne C, Grass S, Waack IN, Ferenz KB, Bachmann M, Barnert S, Schubert R, Bastmeyer M, de Groot H, Mayer C. Artificial oxygen carriers based on perfluorodecalin-filled poly(n-butyl-cyanoacrylate) nanocapsules. J Microencapsul 2013; 31:284-92. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.843600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Awasthi V, Yadav VR, Goins B, Phillips WT. Modulation of oxidative stability of haemoglobin inside liposome-encapsulated haemoglobin. J Microencapsul 2012; 30:471-8. [PMID: 23231644 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.752535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The major hurdle in the formulation of liposome-encapsulated haemoglobin (LEH) is the oxidation of haemoglobin (Hb) into methaemoglobin during storage and after administration. In order to reduce this oxidative degradation, we tested various reducing conditions in the presence of catalase. We found that at 37°C more than 50% of Hb oxidized to methaemoglobin within 24 h, whereas in presence of catalase, the oxidation was significantly reduced. The effect of catalase was further enhanced by a reduction mixture containing β-NAD, d-glucose, adenine, inosine, MgCl2, KCl, KH2PO4 and Na2HPO4; only 14% methaemoglobin was generated in the presence of catalase and reduction mixture. Contrary to the expectation, glutathione, deferoxamine and homocysteine enhanced Hb oxidation. The presence of CRM inside liposomes (250 nm) significantly decreased Hb oxidation. The results suggest that catalase and a well-defined mixture of co-factors may help control Hb oxidation for improvement in the functional life of LEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhudutta Awasthi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
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10
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Zheng J, Xie H, Yu W, Tan M, Gong F, Liu X, Wang F, Lv G, Liu W, Zheng G, Yang Y, Xie W, Ma X. Enhancement of surface graft density of MPEG on alginate/chitosan hydrogel microcapsules for protein repellency. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:13261-13273. [PMID: 22921144 DOI: 10.1021/la302615t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Alginate/chitosan/alginate (ACA) hydrogel microcapsules were modified with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) to improve protein repellency and biocompatibility. Increased MPEG surface graft density (n(S)) on hydrogel microcapsules was achieved by controlling the grafting parameters including the buffer layer substrate, membrane thickness, and grafting method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) model was employed to quantitatively analyze n(S) on this three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel network structure. Our results indicated that neutralizing with alginate, increasing membrane thickness, and in situ covalent grafting could increase n(S) effectively. ACAC(PEG) was more promising than ACC(PEG) in protein repellency because alginate supplied more -COO(-) negative binding sites and prevented MPEG from diffusing. The n(S) increased with membrane thickness, showing better protein repellency. Moreover, the in situ covalent grafting provided an effective way to enhance n(S), and 1.00 ± 0.03 chains/nm(2) was achieved, exhibiting almost complete immunity to protein adsorption. This antifouling hydrogel biomaterial is expected to be useful in transplantation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Zheng
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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11
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Zhang Y, Rochefort D. Characterisation and applications of microcapsules obtained by interfacial polycondensation. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:636-49. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.676092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Zheng JN, Xie HG, Yu WT, Liu XD, Xie WY, Zhu J, Ma XJ. Chitosan-g-MPEG-modified alginate/chitosan hydrogel microcapsules: a quantitative study of the effect of polymer architecture on the resistance to protein adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17156-17164. [PMID: 20949965 DOI: 10.1021/la1030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The chemical modification of the alginate/chitosan/alginate (ACA) hydrogel microcapsule with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) was investigated to reduce nonspecific protein adsorption and improve biocompatibility in vivo. The graft copolymer chitosan-g-MPEG (CS-g-MPEG) was synthesized, and then alginate/chitosan/alginate/CS-g-MPEG (ACAC(PEG)) multilayer hydrogel microcapsules were fabricated by the layer-by-layer (LBL) polyelectrolyte self-assembly method. A quantitative study of the modification was carried out by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) technique, and protein adsorption on the modified microcapsules was also investigated. The results showed that the apparent graft density of the MPEG side chain on the microcapsules decreased with increases in the degree of substitution (DS) and the MPEG chain length. During the binding process, the apparent graft density of CS-g-MPEG showed rapid growth-plateau-rapid growth behavior. CS-g-MPEG was not only bound to the surface but also penetrated a certain depth into the microcapsule membranes. The copolymers that penetrated the microcapsules made a smaller contribution to protein repulsion than did the copolymers on the surfaces of the microcapsules. The protein repulsion ability decreased with the increase in DS from 7 to 29% with the same chain length of MPEG 2K. CS-g-MPEG with MPEG 2K was more effective at protein repulsion than CS-g-MPEG with MPEG 550, having a similar DS below 20%. In this study, the microcapsules modified with CS-g-MPEG2K-DS7% had the lowest IgG adsorption of 3.0 ± 0.6 μg/cm(2), a reduction of 61% compared to that on the chitosan surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia N Zheng
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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13
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Bauer J, Zähres M, Zellermann A, Kirsch M, Petrat F, de Groot H, Mayer C. Perfluorocarbon-filled poly(lactide-co-gylcolide) nano- and microcapsules as artificial oxygen carriers for blood substitutes: a physico-chemical assessment. J Microencapsul 2010; 27:122-32. [DOI: 10.3109/02652040903052002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Coencapsulation of Hepatocytes With Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Hepatocyte-Specific Functions. Transplantation 2009; 88:1178-85. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181bc288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Afkhami F, Ouyang W, Chen H, Lawuyi B, Lim T, Prakash S. Impact of Orally Administered Microcapsules on Gastrointestinal Microbial Flora: In-Vitro Investigation Using Computer Controlled Dynamic Human Gastrointestinal Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 35:359-75. [PMID: 17701483 DOI: 10.1080/10731190701460226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of artificial cell microcapsules has been proposed for various therapy procedures using biologically active materials. Recently we have designed novel APPPA microcapsules using alginate, poly-L-lysine, pectin, poly-L-lysine and alginate that have shown superior oral delivery features. This article investigates, in-vitro using a computer controlled dynamic gastrointestinal (GI) model, effects of APPPA microcapsules on health of gastrointestinal (GI) microbial flora. The impact of APPPA microcapsules on GI bacterial population, total anaerobes, total aerobes, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. has been analyzed. In addition, the effects of microcapsules on GI microbial extracellular enzymatic activities have been investigated. Result shows the altered activities of microbial flora and enzymes due to the use of APPPA microcapsule. The most disparity is observed in the colon ascendans microbial activities. This study would have significant impact on future microcapsule design. However, further in-vivo studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Afkhami
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cell and Organ Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Plock JA, Rafatmehr N, Sinovcic D, Schnider J, Sakai H, Tsuchida E, Banic A, Erni D. Hemoglobin vesicles improve wound healing and tissue survival in critically ischemic skin in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H905-10. [PMID: 19574491 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00430.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Local hypoxia, as due to trauma, surgery, or arterial occlusive disease, may severely jeopardize the survival of the affected tissue and its wound-healing capacity. Initially developed to replace blood transfusions, artificial oxygen carriers have emerged as oxygen therapeutics in such conditions. The aim of this study was to target primary wound healing and survival in critically ischemic skin by the systemic application of left-shifted liposomal hemoglobin vesicles (HbVs). This was tested in bilateral, cranially based dorsal skin flaps in mice treated with a HbV solution with an oxygen affinity that was increased to a P(50) (partial oxygen tension at which the hemoglobin becomes 50% saturated with oxygen) of 9 mmHg. Twenty percent of the total blood volume of the HbV solution was injected immediately and 24 h after surgery. On the first postoperative day, oxygen saturation in the critically ischemic middle flap portions was increased from 23% (untreated control) to 39% in the HbV-treated animals (P < 0.05). Six days postoperatively, flap tissue survival was increased from 33% (control) to 57% (P < 0.01) and primary healing of the ischemic wound margins from 6.6 to 12.7 mm (P < 0.05) after HbV injection. In addition, higher capillary counts and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (both P < 0.01) were found in the immunostained flap tissue. We conclude that left-shifted HbVs may ameliorate the survival and primary wound healing in critically ischemic skin, possibly mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase-induced neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Plock
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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17
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De Castro M, Orive G, Hernández RM, Bartkowiak A, Brylak W, Pedraz JL. Biocompatibility andin vivoevaluation of oligochitosans as cationic modifiers of alginate/Ca microcapsules. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 91:1119-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Biological systems display a functional diversity, density and efficiency that make them a paradigm for synthetic systems. In natural systems, the cell is the elemental unit and efforts to emulate cells, their components, and organization have relied primarily on the use of bioorganic materials. Impressive advances have been made towards assembling simple genetic systems within cellular scale containers. These biological system assembly efforts are particularly instructive, as we gain command over the directed synthesis and assembly of synthetic nanoscale structures. Advances in nanoscale fabrication, assembly, and characterization are providing the tools and materials for characterizing and emulating the smallest scale features of biology. Further, they are revealing unique physical properties that emerge at the nanoscale. Realizing these properties in useful ways will require attention to the assembly of these nanoscale components. Attention to systems biology principles can lead to the practical development of nanoscale technologies with possible realization of synthetic systems with cell-like complexity. In turn, useful tools for interpreting biological complexity and for interfacing to biological processes will result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel J Doktycz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Michael L Simpson
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Plock JA, Tromp AE, Contaldo C, Spanholtz T, Sinovcic D, Sakai H, Tsuchida E, Leunig M, Banic A, Erni D. Hemoglobin vesicles reduce hypoxia-related inflammation in critically ischemic hamster flap tissue. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:899-905. [PMID: 17255851 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000257463.71761.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a highly viscous, left-shifted hemoglobin vesicle solution (HbV) on the hypoxia-related inflammation and the microcirculation in critically ischemic peripheral tissue. DESIGN Randomized prospective study. SETTING University laboratory. SUBJECTS Twenty-four male golden Syrian hamsters. INTERVENTIONS Island flaps were dissected from the back skin of anesthetized hamsters for assessment with intravital microscopy. The flap included a critically ischemic, hypoxic area that was perfused via a collateralized vasculature. One hour after completion of the preparation, the animals received an injection of 25% of total blood volume of 0.9% NaCl or NaCl suspended with HbVs at a concentration of 5 g/dL (HbV5) or 10 g/dL (HbV10). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Plasma viscosity was increased from 1.32 cP to 1.61 cP and 2.14 cP after the administration of HbV5 and HbV10, respectively (both p < .01). Both HbV solutions raised partial oxygen tension (Clark-type microprobes) in the ischemic tissue from approximately 10 torr to 17 torr (p < .01), which was paralleled by an increase in capillary perfusion by > 200% (p < .01). The 50% increase in macromolecular capillary leakage found over time in the control animals was completely abolished by the HbV solutions (p < .01), which was accompanied by a > 50% (p < .01) reduction in cells immunohistochemically stained for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 and in leukocyte counts, whereas no such changes were observed in the anatomically perfused, normoxic tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that in critically ischemic, hypoxic peripheral tissue, hypoxia-related inflammation may be reduced by a top-load infusion of HbV solutions. We attributed this effect to a restoration of tissue oxygenation and an increase in plasma viscosity, both of which may have resulted in attenuation of secondary microcirculatory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Plock
- Department of Orthopedic, Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland
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Terajima K, Tsueshita T, Sakamoto A, Ogawa R. FLUID RESUSCITATION WITH HEMOGLOBIN VESICLES IN A RABBIT MODEL OF ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK. Shock 2006; 25:184-9. [PMID: 16525358 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000192118.68295.5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers are available for use in clinical situations, but their use risks inducing cardiovascular dysfunction as a result of Hb interacting with nitric oxide. Hb vesicles (HbV) are liposome-encapsulated purified human Hb with polyethylene glycol chains at the surface. This study evaluated the effects of HbV on hemodynamics, tissue and systemic oxygenation, and osmotic pressure after fluid resuscitation in an acute hemorrhagic shock model. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 24 anesthetized mechanically ventilated male rabbits by withdrawing blood to a mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 30 to 35 mmHg over 15 min and maintaining this state for 30 min. The animals were resuscitated by replacing the blood with equal volumes of HbV in recombinant human albumin solution (HbV/rHSA), rHSA alone, or Ringer lactated solution (RL), or with three times the withdrawn volume of RL and observed for 2 h. Fluid resuscitation restored MAP, central venous pressure, and cardiac index values, but these fell again within 2 h in rabbits treated with RL. Fluid resuscitation using HbV/rHSA immediately increased MAP and cardiac index but not systemic vascular resistance, maintained a high level of oxygen consumption, and reduced the blood glucose level, which increased after hemorrhage. Fluid resuscitation using HbV/rHSA did not disturb microoxygenation in the brain, kidneys, liver, or muscle; allowed an immediate recovery of tissue oxygenation without decreasing cardiac output or increasing systemic vascular resistance, and increased the oxygen consumption. HbV solution offers the advantages of systemic oxygenation without impairing microcirculation in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Terajima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
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De Castro M, Orive G, Gascón AR, Hernandez RM, Pedraz JL. Evaluation of human serum albumin as a substitute of foetal bovine serum for cell culture. Int J Pharm 2006; 310:8-14. [PMID: 16434155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell microencapsulation requires clinically approved materials for their use in pharmaceutical and/or biomedical applications. The overwhelming majority of the literature has used the classical alginate-poly-l-lysine-alginate (APA) capsules for cell immobilization. Although alginate is granted with the medical approval, some of the remaining components such as foetal bovine serum (FBS), an essential ingredient of cell culture media, are not in accordance with the guidelines affirmed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this paper, human serum albumin (HSA), a medically approved substance, was evaluated as a potential substitute of FBS. The effect of different percentages of FBS and HSA was studied on the proliferation rate, viability and protein production of two different cell lines (C2C12 and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells), maintained in culture and immobilized in APA microcapsules. Results show that substitution of FBS by HSA reduced the functionality of both non-encapsulated and encapsulated BHK cells. However, immobilized C2C12 cells presented the highest level of viability and a reduction in protein production of 25% when 1% HSA was used. It can be concluded that HSA might be a possible substitute of FBS in order to maintain or transport encapsulated C2C12 cells for short periods of time before implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Castro
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Wang W, Liu X, Xie Y, Zhang H, Yu W, Xiong Y, Xie W, Ma X. Microencapsulation using natural polysaccharides for drug delivery and cell implantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b603595g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Plock JA, Contaldo C, Sakai H, Tsuchida E, Leunig M, Banic A, Menger MD, Erni D. Is hemoglobin in hemoglobin vesicles infused for isovolemic hemodilution necessary to improve oxygenation in critically ischemic hamster skin? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 289:H2624-31. [PMID: 16085681 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00308.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the influence of hemoglobin, encapsulated in phospholipid vesicles as an oxygen carrier, given in the course of isovolemic hemodilution to improve oxygenation in critically ischemic hamster flap tissue. Capillary hemodynamics and macromolecular leakage were investigated with intravital microscopy and analyzed off-line with the CapImage software. Partial tissue oxygen tension was measured with fluorescence quenching electrodes. The occurrence of apoptosis was assessed with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Vesicles with (HbV) or without (V) encapsulated Hb were suspended in 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) used for the 33% blood exchange. In the ischemic tissue, hemodilution led to an increase in functional capillary density by 31% for HES (P < 0.01 vs. other groups), 66% for V-HES, and 62% for HbV-HES (all P < 0.01 vs. control). Capillary diameters behaved inversely proportional to capillary microhemodynamics. The 20% increase in macromolecular leakage found over time in control animals was completely abolished in the vesicles groups (P < 0.01) but not with HES. Oxygen tension was improved from 10.7 to 16.0 mmHg after HbV-HES (P < 0.01 vs. baseline and other groups). Compared with the other groups, apoptosis was significantly reduced after HbV-HES (P < 0.01). We conclude that the encapsulation of Hb was essential to attenuate hypoxia and subsequent cell death in the critically ischemic tissue. However, the effect was partly attributed to the rheological changes exerted by the vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Plock
- Department of Orthopedic, Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital Univ. Hospital, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland
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Contaldo C, Plock J, Sakai H, Takeoka S, Tsuchida E, Leunig M, Banic A, Erni D. New generation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers evaluated for oxygenation of critically ischemic hamster flap tissue. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:806-12. [PMID: 15818109 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000159195.12111.ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of a traditionally formulated, low-viscosity, right-shifted polymerized bovine hemoglobin solution and a highly viscous, left-shifted hemoglobin vesicle solution (HbV-HES) on the oxygenation of critically ischemic peripheral tissue. DESIGN Randomized, prospective study. SETTING University laboratory. SUBJECT A total of 40 male golden Syrian hamsters. INTERVENTIONS Island flaps were dissected from the back skin of anesthetized hamsters. The flap included a critically ischemic, hypoxic area that was perfused via a collateralized vasculature. One hour after completion of the preparation, the animals received a 33% blood exchange with 6% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (HES, n = 9), HbV suspended in HES (HbV-HES, n = 8), or polymerized bovine hemoglobin solution (n = 9). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Three hours after the blood exchange, microcirculatory blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry) was increased to 262% of baseline for HbV-HES (p < .01) and 197% for polymerized bovine hemoglobin solution (p < .05 vs. baseline and HbV-HES). Partial tissue oxygen tension (bare fiber probes) was only improved after HbV-HES (9.4 torr to 14.2 torr, p < .01 vs. baseline and other groups). The tissue lactate/pyruvate ratio (microdialysis) was elevated to 51 in the untreated control animals, and to 34 +/- 8 after HbV-HES (p < .05 vs. control) and 38 +/- 11 after polymerized bovine hemoglobin solution (not significant). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that in critically ischemic and hypoxic collateralized peripheral tissue, oxygenation may be improved by normovolemic hemodilution with HbV-HES. We attributed this improvement to a better restoration of the microcirculation and oxygen delivery due to the formulation of the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Contaldo
- Department of Orthopedic, Plastic, and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland
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In vitro study of alginate?chitosan microcapsules: an alternative to liver cell transplants for the treatment of liver failure. Biotechnol Lett 2005; 27:317-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-005-0687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2004] [Revised: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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