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Gallingani T, Resca E, Dominici M, Gavioli G, Laurita R, Liguori A, Mari G, Ortolani L, Pericolini E, Sala A, Laghi G, Petrachi T, Arnauld GF, Accorsi L, Rizzoli R, Colombo V, Gherardi M, Veronesi E. A new strategy to prevent biofilm and clot formation in medical devices: The use of atmospheric non-thermal plasma assisted deposition of silver-based nanostructured coatings. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282059. [PMID: 36812218 PMCID: PMC9946233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In industrialized countries, health care associated infections, the fourth leading cause of disease, are a major health issue. At least half of all cases of nosocomial infections are associated with medical devices. Antibacterial coatings arise as an important approach to restrict the nosocomial infection rate without side effects and the development of antibiotic resistance. Beside nosocomial infections, clot formation affects cardiovascular medical devices and central venous catheters implants. In order to reduce and prevent such infection, we develop a plasma-assisted process for the deposition of nanostructured functional coatings on flat substrates and mini catheters. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are synthesized exploiting in-flight plasma-droplet reactions and are embedded in an organic coating deposited through hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) plasma assisted polymerization. Coating stability upon liquid immersion and ethylene oxide (EtO) sterilization is assessed through chemical and morphological analysis carried out by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the perspective of future clinical application, an in vitro analysis of anti-biofilm effect has been done. Moreover, we employed a murine model of catheter-associated infection which further highlighted the performance of Ag nanostructured films in counteract biofilm formation. The anti-clot performances coupled by haemo- and cytocompatibility assays have also been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Gallingani
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Resca
- Technopole “Mario Veronesi” (TPM), Mirandola, MO, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Technopole “Mario Veronesi” (TPM), Mirandola, MO, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Romolo Laurita
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Liguori
- Department of Chemistry, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mari
- Technopole “Mario Veronesi” (TPM), Mirandola, MO, Italy
| | - Luca Ortolani
- IMM-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Arianna Sala
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Laghi
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (AMMICIR), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Accorsi
- Technopole “Mario Veronesi” (TPM), Mirandola, MO, Italy
| | - Rita Rizzoli
- IMM-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colombo
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (AMMICIR), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Gherardi
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (AMMICIR), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Technopole “Mario Veronesi” (TPM), Mirandola, MO, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Mei X, Lu B, Zhong M, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Ge W. The influence of surface roughness on the damage of von Willebrand Factor under shear flow condition. Int J Artif Organs 2021; 45:412-420. [PMID: 34736346 DOI: 10.1177/03913988211056961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite technological advances in mechanical circulatory support devices to treat end-stage heart failure, blood damage induced by non-physiological shear stress in operation often triggered clinical hemocompatibility complications. The loss of high molecular weight von Willebrand Factor (HMW-VWF) has been considered as an essential cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. In addition to the mechanics factors, interface factors may also affect blood damage, especially the surface characteristics. In this study, the effect of surface roughness on VWF damage under flow condition was investigated. A roller pump circulation experimental platform with a roughness embedded sample chamber was constructed to provide blood shearing flow condition. VWF molecular weight analysis, VWF antigen (VWF-Ag) concentration assay, and VWF ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF-Rico) assay were performed on the sheared blood samples. These variables are the main functional indicators of VWF. It was found that the surface roughness induced VWF damage is mainly caused by the loss of HMW-VWF rather than reducing the total amount of VWF. The threshold value of surface roughness for a rapid increase in the degradation of HMW-VWF under low flow rate was obtained between Ra 0.4 and 0.6 μm, which was smaller than the threshold for hemolysis. Our findings indicated that VWF is more sensitive to the interface factor of surface roughness than red blood cells, thus has a higher requirement for blood pump design. It could provide reference for the material design and processing in developing mechanical circulatory support devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Mei
- Artificial Organ Laboratory, Bio-Manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Artificial Organ Laboratory, Bio-Manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Artificial Organ Laboratory, Bio-Manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Artificial Organ Laboratory, Bio-Manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liudi Zhang
- Artificial Organ Laboratory, Bio-Manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanning Ge
- Artificial Organ Laboratory, Bio-Manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Oota-Ishigaki A, Maruyama O, Sakota D, Kosaka R, Hijikata W, Nishida M. Quantitative investigation of platelet aggregation under high shear force for anti-platelet aggregation in vitro tests. Int J Artif Organs 2021; 44:687-693. [PMID: 34058917 DOI: 10.1177/03913988211020765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood pumps are often used for hemofiltration in patients with renal failure. To design effective centrifugal blood pumps for hemofiltration, it is important to suppress clogging caused by platelet aggregation. However, the optimal conditions for conducting anti-platelet aggregation tests in vitro have not yet been established. This study aimed to quantify the effect of the shear loading value and shear loading time on platelet aggregation and determine the optimal conditions for anti-platelet aggregation testing in vitro. To quantitatively evaluate platelet aggregation in terms of the negative logarithm-platelet aggregation threshold index (NL-PATI), which reflects the propensity of residual platelets to aggregate after shear loading, the following parameters were examined: blood collection method (collected from porcine vein using a syringe or collected from a slaughterhouse), type of anticoagulant (sodium citrate or heparin), shear rate, and shear time. The results showed that platelet aggregation in porcine blood increased under a high shear load applied at shear rates of approximately 20,000 s-1 or higher for 30 s. Platelet aggregation propensity was 2-3 times higher in heparin-anticoagulated blood than in sodium citrate-anticoagulated blood. Moreover, platelet aggregation was 1.5-2 times more in blood collected from the slaughterhouse than in syringe-collected blood. Testing with an integrated shear time of 30 s or less in relation to the total blood volume may be effective for conducting in vitro circulation experiments using hemofiltration blood pumps. The conditions established in this study may be useful for hemocompatibility testing of cardiovascular devices based on NL-PATI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Oota-Ishigaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Osamu Maruyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakota
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Kosaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Nishida
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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von Petersdorff-Campen K, Abeken J, de Zélicourt D, Kurtcuoglu V, Meboldt M, Schmid Daners M. In Vitro Testing and Comparison of Additively Manufactured Polymer Impellers for the CentriMag Blood Pump. ASAIO J 2021; 67:306-313. [PMID: 33627605 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is an effective tool for accelerating knowledge gain in development processes, as it enables the production of complex prototypes at low cost and with short lead times. In the development of mechanical circulatory support, the use of cheap polymer-based AM techniques for prototype manufacturing allows more design variations to be tested, promoting a better understanding of the respective system and its optimization parameters. Here, we compare four commonly used AM processes for polymers with respect to manufacturing accuracy, surface roughness, and shape fidelity in an aqueous environment. Impeller replicas of the CentriMag blood pump were manufactured with each process and integrated into original pump housings. The assemblies were tested for hydraulic properties and hemolysis in reference to the commercially available pump. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were carried out to support the transfer of the results to other applications. In hydraulic testing, the deviation in pressure head and motor current of all additively manufactured replicas from the reference pump remained below 2% over the entire operating range of the pump. In contrast, significant deviations of up to 620% were observed in hemolysis testing. Only the replicas produced by stereolithography showed a nonsignificant deviation from the reference pump, which we attribute to the low surface roughness of parts manufactured thereby. The results suggest that there is a flow-dependent threshold of roughness above which a surface strongly contributes to cell lysis by promoting a hydraulically rough boundary flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai von Petersdorff-Campen
- From the Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and
| | - Jonas Abeken
- The Interface Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diane de Zélicourt
- The Interface Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vartan Kurtcuoglu
- The Interface Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Meboldt
- From the Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and
| | - Marianne Schmid Daners
- From the Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and
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Shiraishi Y, Tachizaki Y, Inoue Y, Hayakawa M, Yamada A, Kayashima M, Matsumoto M, Horiuchi H, Yambe T. Hemolysis and von Willebrand factor degradation in mechanical shuttle shear flow tester. J Artif Organs 2021; 24:111-119. [PMID: 33559766 PMCID: PMC8154843 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-020-01219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic blood trauma caused by the shear stresses generated by mechanical circulatory support (MCS) systems is one of the major concerns to be considered during the development of ventricular assist devices. Large multimers with high-molecular-weight von Willebrand factor (VWF) are extended by the fluid forces in a shear flow and are cleaved by ADAMTS13. Since the mechanical revolving motions in artificial MCSs induce cleavage in large VWF multimers, nonsurgical bleeding associated with the MCS is likely to occur after mechanical hemodynamic support. In this study, the shear stress (~ 600 Pa) and exposure time related to hemolysis and VWF degradation were investigated using a newly designed mechanical shuttle shear flow tester. The device consisted of a pair of cylinders facing the test section of a small-sized pipe; both the cylinders were connected to composite mechanical heads with a sliding-sleeve structure for axial separation during the withdrawing motion. The influence of exposure time, in terms of the number of stress cycles, on hemolysis and VWF degradation was confirmed using fresh goat blood, and the differences in the rates of dissipation of the multimers were established. The plasma-free hemoglobin levels showed a logarithmic increase corresponding to the number of cycles, and the dissipation of large VWF multimers occurred within a few seconds under high shear stress flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Shiraishi
- Department of Preclinical Evaluation, Pre-Clinical Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Department of Medical Engineering and Cardiology, Pre-Clinical Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yuma Tachizaki
- Department of Medical Engineering and Cardiology, Pre-Clinical Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Medical Engineering and Cardiology, Pre-Clinical Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masaki Hayakawa
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamada
- Department of Medical Engineering and Cardiology, Pre-Clinical Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Michinori Kayashima
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsumoto
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hisanori Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yambe
- Department of Preclinical Evaluation, Pre-Clinical Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Medical Engineering and Cardiology, Pre-Clinical Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Nishida M, Negishi T, Sakota D, Kosaka R, Maruyama O, Hyakutake T, Kuwana K, Yamane T. Properties of a monopivot centrifugal blood pump manufactured by 3D printing. J Artif Organs 2016; 19:322-329. [DOI: 10.1007/s10047-016-0914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ratio of surface roughness to flow scale as additional parameter for shear-induced hemolysis. Int J Artif Organs 2016; 39:205-10. [PMID: 27229319 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to the conventional knowledge that shear stress and its exposure time should have a large impact on hemolysis, it became obvious through Dr. Maruyama's study that surface roughness would be the additional factor for high shear-induced hemolysis. Concerning this new information, we hypothesized that the ratio of surface roughness to the flow scale should play a role as the additional factor for shear-induced hemolysis. The purpose of this study was to develop a constant shear generator as the method to provide a controlled shear flow field with the combination between the controlled surface roughness and the flow scale to the blood cells. Its preliminary application was to validate our hypothesis. METHODS We prototyped the constant shear stress generator with the cylindrical cone-cup structure made from the acrylic material. This chamber had 3 flow scales of 1.00, 1.25, and 1.5 mm according to the change of the inner stationary cone, at which the surface roughness was distributed into the several levels between 0.14 and 0.92 micrometers in arithmetic average roughness. Using this shear chamber, we examined what effect the flow scale and the surface roughness had on hemolysis. RESULTS Our experimental data showed the tendency of a positive correlation between the ratio of surface roughness to the flow scale and the induced hemolysis levels, validating our hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS The ratio of the surface roughness to the flow scale should be the additional parameter for shear-induced hemolysis.
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Li P, Zheng L, Zhang D, Xie Y, Feng Y, Xie G. Investigation of High-Speed Erythrocyte Flow and Erythrocyte-Wall Impact in a Lab-on-a-Chip. Artif Organs 2016; 40:E203-E218. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering
| | - Lu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering
| | | | - Yi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Gongnan Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, School of Marine Science and Technology; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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Zhang T, Taskin ME, Fang HB, Pampori A, Jarvik R, Griffith BP, Wu ZJ. Study of flow-induced hemolysis using novel Couette-type blood-shearing devices. Artif Organs 2011; 35:1180-6. [PMID: 21810113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2011.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To assist the development and application of blood-contacting medical devices, two novel flow-through Couette-type blood-shearing devices have been developed to study the quantitative relationship between blood damage indexes and flow-dependent parameters. One device is an axial flow-through Couette-type device supported by a pair of pin bearings adapted from the adult Jarvik 2000 blood pump. The other is a centrifugal flow-through Couette-type device supported with magnetic bearings adapted from the CentriMag blood pump. In both devices, a rotor spindle was used to replace the original impeller blades so that a small gap was created between the housing and the rotating spindle surface. Computational fluid dynamics simulations have shown that a uniform, high shear stress region can be generated inside the small gap while the shear stresses elsewhere are relatively low. The possibility of secondary blood damage caused by mechanical seals was eliminated due to the use of a magnetic rotor system. Blood flow through the gap was driven by an externally pressurized reservoir. By adjusting the rotational speed and blood flow rate, shear-induced hemolysis was quantified at a matrix of exposure time (0.039 to 1.48 s) and shear stress (50 to 320 Pa). All of the experiments were conducted at room temperature using heparinized ovine blood with a hematocrit value of 30%. The measured hemolysis levels were much lower than those published in the literature, and the overestimation of those earlier studies may be attributable to device-related secondary blood-damaging effects. A new set of coefficients for the power law model was derived from the regression of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Artificial Organs Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Baltimore, USA
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Malchesky PS. Artificial Organs 2006: a year in review. Artif Organs 2007; 31:225-41. [PMID: 17343699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Malchesky
- Artificial Organs Editorial Office, 10 West Erie Street, Painesville, OH 44077, USA.
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