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Wadgymar SM, DeMarche ML, Josephs EB, Sheth SN, Anderson JT. Local adaptation: Causal agents of selection and adaptive trait divergence. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2022; 53:87-111. [PMID: 37790997 PMCID: PMC10544833 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012722-035231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Divergent selection across the landscape can favor the evolution of local adaptation in populations experiencing contrasting conditions. Local adaptation is widely observed in a diversity of taxa, yet we have a surprisingly limited understanding of the mechanisms that give rise to it. For instance, few have experimentally confirmed the biotic and abiotic variables that promote local adaptation, and fewer yet have identified the phenotypic targets of selection that mediate local adaptation. Here, we highlight critical gaps in our understanding of the process of local adaptation and discuss insights emerging from in-depth investigations of the agents of selection that drive local adaptation, the phenotypes they target, and the genetic basis of these phenotypes. We review historical and contemporary methods for assessing local adaptation, explore whether local adaptation manifests differently across life history, and evaluate constraints on local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan L DeMarche
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emily B Josephs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Seema N Sheth
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jill T Anderson
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
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Blanco J, Ollivier G, Alignier A, Aviron S, Sirami C, Kernéïs É, Durant D, Sabatier R. How ecological research on human-dominated ecosystems incorporates agricultural and forestry practices: A literature analysis. AMBIO 2022; 51:1143-1157. [PMID: 34784007 PMCID: PMC8931134 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nexus between practices and ecosystems is a critical challenge for sustainability, but it is unclear how ecological sciences have explored the question. To bring clarification, we conducted an analysis of ecology literature dealing with agricultural and forestry practices (AF practices), scanning a total of 27 556 references. Scientometric analyses showed that AF practices were addressed by 5.5% of ecology literature, and that this proportion increased from 2.5 to 8.1% between 1956 and 2017. Content analyses showed that research has mainly focused on monospecific systems in the Global North, predominantly using plot-level experimental approaches. Temporal monitoring, real-world practices and their social context were poorly investigated. This analysis stresses the need to reinforce research in complex agroecosystems, in particular in non-Western countries. Multilevel and spatio-temporal approaches, as well as participatory research, should also be encouraged to build a social-ecological understanding and formulate more grounded, relevant policy recommendations for sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Blanco
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR DYNAFOR, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- SENS, IRD, CIRAD, Univ Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Univ Montpellier, Site St. Charles, Route de Mende, 34199 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Audrey Alignier
- INRAE, Institut Agro, ESA, UMR 0980 BAGAP, 35042 Rennes, France
| | | | - Clélia Sirami
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR DYNAFOR, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Éric Kernéïs
- INRAE, DSLP, 17450 Saint-Laurent-de-la-Prée, France
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Rupprecht D, Hölzel N, Bucharova A. Is there local adaptation in plant species to soil reaction? A lesson from a multispecies experiment. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Rupprecht
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group University of Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group University of Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group University of Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany
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Hargreaves AL, Germain RM, Bontrager M, Persi J, Angert AL. Local Adaptation to Biotic Interactions: A Meta-analysis across Latitudes. Am Nat 2020; 195:395-411. [PMID: 32097037 DOI: 10.1086/707323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to local conditions can increase species' geographic distributions and rates of diversification, but which components of the environment commonly drive local adaptation-particularly the importance of biotic interactions-is unclear. Biotic interactions should drive local adaptation when they impose consistent divergent selection; if this is common, we expect transplant experiments to detect more frequent and stronger local adaptation when biotic interactions are left intact. We tested this hypothesis using a meta-analysis of transplant experiments from >125 studies (mostly of plants). Overall, local adaptation was common, and biotic interactions affected fitness. Nevertheless, local adaptation was neither more common nor stronger when biotic interactions were left intact, either between experimental treatments within studies (control vs. biotic interactions experimentally manipulated) or between studies that used natural versus biotically altered transplant environments. However, the effect of ameliorating negative interactions varied with latitude, suggesting that interactions may promote local adaptation more often in tropical than in temperate ecosystems, although few tropical studies were available to test this. Our results suggest that biotic interactions often fail to drive local adaptation even though they strongly affect fitness, perhaps because temperate biotic environments are unpredictable at the spatiotemporal scales required for local adaptation.
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Briscoe Runquist RD, Gorton AJ, Yoder JB, Deacon NJ, Grossman JJ, Kothari S, Lyons MP, Sheth SN, Tiffin P, Moeller DA. Context Dependence of Local Adaptation to Abiotic and Biotic Environments: A Quantitative and Qualitative Synthesis. Am Nat 2020; 195:412-431. [PMID: 32097038 DOI: 10.1086/707322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how spatially variable selection shapes adaptation is an area of long-standing interest in evolutionary ecology. Recent meta-analyses have quantified the extent of local adaptation, but the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors in driving population divergence remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we combined a quantitative meta-analysis and a qualitative metasynthesis to (1) quantify the magnitude of local adaptation to abiotic and biotic factors and (2) characterize major themes that influence the motivation and design of experiments that seek to test for local adaptation. Using local-foreign contrasts as a metric of local adaptation (or maladaptation), we found that local adaptation was greater in the presence than in the absence of a biotic interactor, especially for plants. We also found that biotic environments had stronger effects on fitness than abiotic environments when ignoring whether those environments were local versus foreign. Finally, biotic effects were stronger at low latitudes, and abiotic effects were stronger at high latitudes. Our qualitative analysis revealed that the lens through which local adaptation has been examined differs for abiotic and biotic factors. It also revealed biases in the design and implementation of experiments that make quantitative results challenging to interpret and provided directions for future research.
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Vidaller C, Dutoit T, Ibrahim Y, Hanslin HM, Bischoff A. Adaptive differentiation among populations of the Mediterranean dry grassland species Brachypodium retusum: The role of soil conditions, grazing, and humidity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1123-1132. [PMID: 29985539 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Genetic differentiation in plant species may result from adaptation to environmental conditions, but also from stochastic processes. The drivers selecting for local adaptation and the contribution of adaptation to genetic differentiation are often unknown. Restoration and succession studies have revealed different colonization patterns for Brachypodium retusum, a common Mediterranean grass. In order to understand these patterns, we tested population differentiation and adaptation to different environmental factors. METHODS Structured sampling of 12 populations from six sites and two soil types within site was used to analyze the spatial and environmental structure of population differentiation. Sampling sites differ in grazing intensity and climate. We tested germination and growth in a common garden. In subsets, we analyzed the differential response to stone cover, grazing and soil moisture. KEY RESULTS We found significant differences among populations. The site explained population differentiation better than soil, suggesting a dominant influence of climate and/or genetic drift. Stone cover had a positive influence on seedling establishment, and populations showed a differential response. However, this response was not related to environmental differences between collection sites. Regrowth after clipping was higher in populations from the more intensively grazed Red Mediterranean soils suggesting an adaptation to grazing. Final germination was generally high even under drought, but germination response to differences in soil moisture was similar across populations. CONCLUSIONS Adaptive population differentiation in germination and early growth may have contributed to different colonization patterns. Thus, the provenance of B. retusum needs to be carefully considered in ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Vidaller
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IUT site Agroparc, 337 Chemin des Meinajaries BP 61207, F-84911, Avignon cedex 09, France
| | - Thierry Dutoit
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IUT site Agroparc, 337 Chemin des Meinajaries BP 61207, F-84911, Avignon cedex 09, France
| | - Yosra Ibrahim
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, BP 901 Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Hans Martin Hanslin
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Nibio, Urban greening and environmental engineering department, PO box 115, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Armin Bischoff
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IUT site Agroparc, 337 Chemin des Meinajaries BP 61207, F-84911, Avignon cedex 09, France
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Abbandonato H, Pedrini S, Pritchard HW, De Vitis M, Bonomi C. Native seed trade of herbaceous species for restoration: a European policy perspective with global implications. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Abbandonato
- Botany Section, MUSE - Science Museum; Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza, 3; 38122 Trento Italy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Pavia; 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Simone Pedrini
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Kent Street; Bentley 6102 Western Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Avenue, Kings Park; Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia
| | - Hugh W. Pritchard
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst Place; Ardingly West Sussex RH17 6TN U.K
| | | | - Costantino Bonomi
- Botany Section, MUSE - Science Museum; Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza, 3; 38122 Trento Italy
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Gross CL, Fatemi M, Simpson IH. Seed provenance for changing climates: early growth traits of nonlocal seed are better adapted to future climatic scenarios, but not to current field conditions. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L. Gross
- Ecosystem Management; University of New England; Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Mohammad Fatemi
- Department of Biology; Golestan University; Behesti Street Gorgan Iran
| | - Ian H. Simpson
- Ecosystem Management; University of New England; Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
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Soil conditions moderate the effects of herbivores, but not mycorrhizae, on a native bunchgrass. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hintz L, Eshleman MM, Foxx A, Wood TE, Kramer A. Population Differentiation in Early Life History Traits ofCleome luteavar.Luteain the Intermountain West. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2016. [DOI: 10.3398/064.076.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Herget ME, Hufford KM, Mummey DL, Mealor BA, Shreading LN. Effects of competition withBromus tectorumon early establishment ofPoa secundaaccessions: can seed source impact restoration success? Restor Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mollie E. Herget
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY 82071 U.S.A
| | - Kristina M. Hufford
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY 82071 U.S.A
| | | | - Brian A. Mealor
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY 82071 U.S.A
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