1
|
Takizawa T, Ihara K, Unekawa M, Iba C, Kagawa S, Watanabe N, Nakayama S, Sakurai K, Miyazaki N, Ishida N, Takemura R, Shibata M, Izawa Y, Chubachi S, Fukunaga K, Nakahara J. Effects of passive smoking on cortical spreading depolarization in male and female mice. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:162. [PMID: 39354357 PMCID: PMC11445983 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with migraine are typically advised to avoid passive smoking because it may aggravate headaches and other health conditions. However, there is insufficient high-quality evidence on the association between passive smoking and migraine, which warrants further investigation using animal models. Therefore, using a mouse model, we examined the effect of passive smoking on susceptibility to cortical spreading depolarization (CSD), the biological basis of migraine with aura. FINDINGS Fifty C57BL/6 mice (25 males and 25 females) were exposed for one hour to cigarette smoke or room air. Subsequently, potassium chloride (KCl) was administered under isoflurane anesthesia to induce CSD, and the CSD threshold, frequency of induction, and propagation velocity were determined. The threshold to induce CSD (median [interquartile range (IQR)]) was significantly lower in female mice (adjusted p = 0.01) in the smoking group (0.05 [0.05, 0.088]) than in the sham group (0.125 [0.1, 0.15]); however, there was no significant difference in the male mice (adjusted p = 0.77). CSD frequency or propagation velocity did not differ significantly between the two groups for either sex. CONCLUSIONS Female mice in the smoking group showed lower CSD threshold compared to the sham group, suggesting a potential sex-specific difference in the effect of smoking on the pathogenesis of CSD and migraine with aura. This finding may contribute to the understanding of migraine pathophysiology in association with passive smoking and sex difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Keiko Ihara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Miyuki Unekawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Chisato Iba
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narumi Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakayama
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sakurai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyazaki
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ishida
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takemura
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Shibata
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shotaro Chubachi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu J, Yang P, Wu X, Yu X, Zeng F, Wang H. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and severe headaches or migraine in never-smoking adults. Headache 2023; 63:1341-1350. [PMID: 37938023 DOI: 10.1111/head.14640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to examine the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and severe headaches or migraine in never-smoking adults verified by serum cotinine. BACKGROUND Current evidence about the association between self-reported SHS exposure and headaches or migraine is limited and contradictory. An important issue lies in the lack of actual SHS exposure assessment through biomarkers. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 4560 never-smoking adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2004. The SHS exposure was evaluated by measuring serum cotinine concentrations. The information regarding severe headaches or migraine was based on self-reporting. RESULTS The overall prevalence rate of severe headaches or migraine was 20% (919/4560). After adjusting for relevant covariates, we found that heavy SHS exposure (serum cotinine at 1 to 10 ng/mL) was positively associated with severe headaches or migraine (OR: 2.02, 95% CI [1.19, 3.43]); however, no significant association was found between low SHS exposure (serum cotinine at 0.05 to 0.99 ng/mL) and severe headaches or migraine (OR: 1.15, 95% CI [0.91, 1.47]). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed that the natural logarithm of serum cotinine had a linear relationship with severe headaches or migraine (p = 0.335 for nonlinearity). Stratified analysis indicated that individuals with a BMI of <25 (p < 0.001 for interaction) and sedentary activity (p = 0.016 for interaction) modified the relationship between SHS exposure and severe headaches and migraine. Even after altering the definition of SHS exposure, excluding drugs that might affect the metabolism of serum cotinine, and multiple imputation, our sensitivity analysis results remained stable. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that heavy SHS exposure (serum cotinine at 1 to 10 ng/mL) had a significant positive association with severe headaches or migraine in never-smoking adults. Prospective studies are necessary to verify this relationship in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanfang Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Onderwater GLJ, van Oosterhout WPJ, Schoonman GG, Ferrari MD, Terwindt GM. Alcoholic beverages as trigger factor and the effect on alcohol consumption behavior in patients with migraine. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:588-595. [PMID: 30565341 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alcoholic beverages are frequently reported migraine triggers. We aimed to assess self-reported alcohol consumption as a migraine attack trigger and to investigate the effect on alcohol consumption behavior in a large migraine cohort. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based, questionnaire study among 2197 patients with migraine from the well-defined Leiden University MIgraine Neuro-Analysis (LUMINA) study population. We assessed alcoholic beverage consumption and self-reported trigger potential, reasons behind alcohol abstinence and time between alcohol consumption and migraine attack onset. RESULTS Alcoholic beverages were reported as a trigger by 35.6% of participants with migraine. In addition, over 25% of patients with migraine who had stopped consuming or never consumed alcoholic beverages did so because of presumed trigger effects. Wine, especially red wine (77.8% of participants), was recognized as the most common trigger among the alcoholic beverages. However, red wine consistently led to an attack in only 8.8% of participants. Time of onset was rapid (<3 h) in one-third of patients and almost 90% had an onset <10 h independent of beverage type. CONCLUSIONS Alcoholic beverages, especially red wine, are recognized as a migraine trigger factor by patients with migraine and have a substantial effect on alcohol consumption behavior. Rapid onset of provoked migraine attacks in contrast to what is known about hangover headache might point to a different mechanism. The low consistency of provocation suggests that alcoholic beverages acting as a singular trigger is insufficient and may depend on a fluctuating trigger threshold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L J Onderwater
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | - W P J van Oosterhout
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden.,Department of Neurology, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam
| | - G G Schoonman
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden.,Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - M D Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | - G M Terwindt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Arngrim N, Schytz HW, Britze J, Vestergaard MB, Sander M, Olsen KS, Olesen J, Ashina M. Carbon monoxide inhalation induces headache in a human headache model. Cephalalgia 2017; 38:697-706. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102417708768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced signalling molecule that has a role in nociceptive processing and cerebral vasodilatation. We hypothesized that inhalation of CO would induce headache and vasodilation of cephalic and extracephalic arteries. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, 12 healthy volunteers were allocated to inhalation of CO (carboxyhemoglobin 22%) or placebo on two separate days. Headache was scored on a verbal rating scale from 0–10. We recorded mean blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery (VMCA) by transcranial Doppler, diameter of the superficial temporal artery (STA) and radial artery (RA) by high-resolution ultrasonography and facial skin blood flow by laser speckle contrast imaging. Results Ten volunteers developed headache after CO compared to six after placebo. The area under the curve for headache (0–12 hours) was increased after CO compared with placebo ( p = 0.021). CO increased VMCA ( p = 0.002) and facial skin blood flow ( p = 0.012), but did not change the diameter of the STA ( p = 0.060) and RA ( p = 0.433). Conclusion In conclusion, the study demonstrated that CO caused mild prolonged headache but no arterial dilatation in healthy volunteers. We suggest this may be caused by a combination of hypoxic and direct cellular effects of CO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Arngrim
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Winther Schytz
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Josefine Britze
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mark Bitsch Vestergaard
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mikael Sander
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karsten Skovgaard Olsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jes Olesen
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Alcoholic drinks (ADs) have been reported as a migraine trigger in about one-third of the migraine patients in retrospective studies. Some studies found that ADs trigger also other primary headaches. The studies concerning the role of ADs in triggering various types of primary headaches published after the International Headache Society classification criteria of 1988 were reviewed, and the pathophysiological mechanisms were discussed. Many studies show that ADs are a trigger of migraine without aura (MO), migraine with aura (MA), cluster headache (CH), and tension-type headache (TH). While data on MO and CH are well delineated, those in MA and TH are discordant. There are sparse reports that ADs are also triggers of less frequent types of primary headache such as familial hemiplegic migraine, hemicrania continua, and paroxysmal hemicrania. However, in some countries, the occurrence of alcohol as headache trigger is negligible, perhaps determined by alcohol habits. The frequency estimates vary widely based on the study approach and population. In fact, prospective studies report a limited importance of ADs as migraine trigger. If ADs are capable of triggering practically all primary headaches, they should act at a common pathogenetic level. The mechanisms of alcohol-provoking headache were discussed in relationship to the principal pathogenetic theories of primary headaches. The conclusion was that vasodilatation is hardly compatible with ADs trigger activity of all primary headaches and a common pathogenetic mechanism at cortical, or more likely at subcortical/brainstem, level is more plausible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Panconesi
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, FI, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park JW, Chu MK, Kim JM, Park SG, Cho SJ. Analysis of Trigger Factors in Episodic Migraineurs Using a Smartphone Headache Diary Applications. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149577. [PMID: 26901341 PMCID: PMC4764678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Various stimuli can trigger migraines in susceptible individuals. We examined migraine trigger factors by using a smartphone headache diary application. Method Episodic migraineurs who agreed to participate in our study downloaded smartphone headache diary application, which was designed to capture the details regarding headache trigger factors and characteristics for 3 months. The participants were asked to access the smartphone headache diary application daily and to confirm the presence of a headache and input the types of trigger factors. Results Sixty-two participants kept diary entries until the end of the study. The diary data for 4,579 days were analyzed. In this data set, 1,099 headache days (336 migraines, 763 non-migraine headaches) were recorded; of these, 772 headache events had with trigger factors, and 327 events did not have trigger factors. The common trigger factors that were present on headache days included stress, fatigue, sleep deprivation, hormonal changes, and weather changes. The likelihood of a headache trigger was 57.7% for stress, 55.1% for sleep deprivation, 48.5% for fatigue, and 46.5% for any trigger. The headaches with trigger factors were associated with greater pain intensity (p<0.001), headache-related disability (p<0.001), abortive medication use (p = 0.02), and the proportion of migraine (p < 0.001), relative to those without trigger factors. Traveling (odd ratios [OR]: 6.4), hormonal changes (OR: 3.5), noise (OR: 2.8), alcohol (OR: 2.5), overeating (OR: 2.4), and stress (OR:1.8) were significantly associated with migraines compared to non-migraine headaches. The headaches that were associated with hormonal changes or noise were more often migraines, regardless of the preventive medication. The headaches due to stress, overeating, alcohol, and traveling were more often migraines without preventive medication, but it was not evident with preventive medication. Conclusion Smartphone headache diary application is an effective tool to assess migraine trigger factors. The headaches with trigger factors had greater severity or migraine features. The type of triggers and the presence of preventive medication influenced the headache characteristics; hence, an investigation of trigger factors would be helpful in understanding migraine occurrences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Wook Park
- Department of Neurology, the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chu
- Department of Neurology, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Moon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Gue Park
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zebenholzer K, Frantal S, Pablik E, Lieba-Samal D, Salhofer-Polanyi S, Wöber-Bingöl Ç, Wöber C. Reliability of assessing lifestyle and trigger factors in patients with migraine - findings from the PAMINA study. Eur J Neurol 2015; 23:120-6. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Zebenholzer
- Department of Neurology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Frantal
- CeMSIIS Section for Medical Statistics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - E. Pablik
- CeMSIIS Section for Medical Statistics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - D. Lieba-Samal
- Department of Neurology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Ç. Wöber-Bingöl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Wöber
- Department of Neurology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraineurs variably attribute the cause of their headache to tobacco exposure, whereas tobacco is often stated to cause headache-related disability worldwide. Given tobacco's physiological and emotional addictiveness and migraine's substantial economic impact, improved functionality can be difficult for those with migraine exposed to tobacco products. Environmental tobacco exposure in indoor spaces and workplaces is associated with exacerbation of headache. Avoidance of headache triggers is included in most comprehensive migraine treatment programs, yet tobacco awareness, avoidance, or coping is rarely emphasized as part of that regimen. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to examine the various types of tobacco products to which headache sufferers are exposed and the known basic mechanisms by which tobacco (nicotine) exposure promotes headache pain, and to review the extensive literature on tobacco related to headache with a detailed descriptive narrative providing the basis for conclusions regarding association of noncluster headache-related tobacco exposure. Tobacco-related recommendations are offered. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched without yearly restriction through the date of submission (May 2015), using the MeSH terms "tobacco," "tobacco products," "smoking," "tobacco use," "headache," and "headache disorders." The selection of articles was not limited to English studies or to humans. Articles were excluded when "headache" and "tobacco" were not both mentioned with data provided. Case series were included. Bibliographies of all articles were screened for additional relevant articles. RESULTS Although migraineurs worldwide report tobacco smoke among triggers, it is rarely among the highest in frequency, and biases abound with predominantly noncontrolled retrospective data. Prospective population-based diary data are extremely limited, and no controlled trials exist to confirm a cause and effect for headache of any type. Although some studies are nonsupportive and even conflicting, headache, pain, and tobacco exposure currently remain associated. CONCLUSION Conflicting data support the validity of patient-reported environmental tobacco exposure as a headache trigger. Prospective controlled studies are needed, but unlikely to be performed, to determine the extent that tobacco influences the headache process, in addition to other under-recognized factors. Meanwhile, because of numerous other negative health effects, decreased tobacco exposure should be recommended to headache patients of all ages in hopes of decreasing disability and improving functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick R Taylor
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Arngrim N, Schytz HW, Hauge MK, Ashina M, Olesen J. Carbon monoxide may be an important molecule in migraine and other headaches. Cephalalgia 2014; 34:1169-80. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102414534085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Carbon monoxide was previously considered to just be a toxic gas. A wealth of recent information has, however, shown that it is also an important endogenously produced signalling molecule involved in multiple biological processes. Endogenously produced carbon monoxide may thus play an important role in nociceptive processing and in regulation of cerebral arterial tone. Discussion Carbon monoxide-induced headache shares many characteristics with migraine and other headaches. The mechanisms whereby carbon monoxide causes headache may include hypoxia, nitric oxide signalling and activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathways. Here, we review the literature about carbon monoxide-induced headache and its possible mechanisms. Conclusion We suggest, for the first time, that carbon monoxide may play an important role in the mechanisms of migraine and other headaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Arngrim
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik W Schytz
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette K Hauge
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Olesen
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vetvik KG, MacGregor EA, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. Prevalence of menstrual migraine: A population-based study. Cephalalgia 2013; 34:280-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102413507637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim To present data from a population-based epidemiological study on menstrual migraine. Material and methods Altogether, 5000 women aged 30–34 years were screened for menstrual migraine. Women with self-reported menstrual migraine in at least half of their menstrual cycles were invited to an interview and examination. We expanded the International Classification of Headache Disorders III beta appendix criteria on menstrual migraine to include both migraine without aura and migraine with aura, as well as probable menstrual migraine with aura and migraine without aura. Results A total of 237 women were included in the study. The prevalence among all women was as follows: any type of menstrual migraine 7.6%; menstrual migraine without aura 6.1%; menstrual migraine with aura 0.6%; probable menstrual migraine without aura 0.6%; probable menstrual migraine with aura 0.3%. The corresponding figures among female migraineurs were: any type of menstrual migraine 22.0%, menstrual migraine without aura 17.6%, menstrual migraine with aura 1.7%, probable menstrual migraine without aura 1.6% and probable menstrual migraine with aura 1.0%. Conclusion More than one of every five female migraineurs aged 30–34 years have migraine in ≥50% of menstruations. The majority has menstrual migraine without aura and one of eight women had migraine with aura in relation to their menstruation. Our results indicate that the ICHD III beta appendix criteria of menstrual migraine are not exhaustive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti G Vetvik
- Head and Neck Research Group, Research Centre, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - E Anne MacGregor
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
| | - Christofer Lundqvist
- Head and Neck Research Group, Research Centre, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
- HØKH, Research Centre, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
| | - Michael B Russell
- Head and Neck Research Group, Research Centre, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|