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Tezuka T, Takahashi N, Tokuyasu D, Azami S, Sekiguchi K, Takizawa T, Izawa Y, Nakahara J, Katsumata M. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Mimicking Limbic Encephalitis. Intern Med 2024; 63:1277-1280. [PMID: 37612080 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2514-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is challenging to diagnose, as it presents with variable symptoms. We encountered a complicated case of CVT that mimicked limbic encephalitis due to sensory aphasia. Based on the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings, this 72-year-old Japanese man was later confirmed to have CVT, the cause of which was periodontitis due to Eikenella corrodens, a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic that is part of the mouth's normal flora. The symptoms improved without sequelae following anticoagulation treatment and antibiotics. Clinicians should consider CVT as a differential diagnosis when unexplainable neurological symptoms suggesting limbic encephalitis are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Tezuka
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Daiki Tokuyasu
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shunpei Azami
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koji Sekiguchi
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
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2
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Kizuka Y, Izawa Y. [A Review of Neurological Disorders Caused by Hormonal Abnormalities]. Brain Nerve 2024; 76:213-220. [PMID: 38514102 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine dysfunction can considerably impact the nervous system. Various nonspecific neurological symptoms can manifest, including headache, muscle weakness, involuntary movements, and impaired consciousness. Because of their lack of specificity, endocrine abnormalities underlying neurological symptoms may not be recognized and making the diagnosis may be challenging. It is essential that clinicians not overlook endocrine disorders when diagnosing neurological symptoms, as prompt and appropriate treatment, such as hormone replacement therapy, can improve a patient's general condition and neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kizuka
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine
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3
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Harada S, Iida M, Miyagawa N, Hirata A, Kuwabara K, Matsumoto M, Okamura T, Edagawa S, Kawada Y, Miyake A, Toki R, Akiyama M, Kawai A, Sugiyama D, Sato Y, Takemura R, Fukai K, Ishibashi Y, Kato S, Kurihara A, Sata M, Shibuki T, Takeuchi A, Kohsaka S, Sawano M, Shoji S, Izawa Y, Katsumata M, Oki K, Takahashi S, Takizawa T, Maruya H, Nishiwaki Y, Kawasaki R, Hirayama A, Ishikawa T, Saito R, Sato A, Soga T, Sugimoto M, Tomita M, Komaki S, Ohmomo H, Ono K, Otsuka-Yamasaki Y, Shimizu A, Sutoh Y, Hozawa A, Kinoshita K, Koshiba S, Kumada K, Ogishima S, Sakurai-Yageta M, Tamiya G, Takebayashi T. Study Profile of the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS). J Epidemiol 2024:JE20230192. [PMID: 38191178 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS) is an ongoing population-based cohort study being conducted in the rural area of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. This study aimed to enhance the precision prevention of multi-factorial, complex diseases, including non-communicable and aging-associated diseases, by improving risk stratification and prediction measures. At baseline, 11,002 participants aged 35-74 years were recruited in Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, between 2012 and 2015, with an ongoing follow-up survey. Participants underwent various measurements, examinations, tests, and questionnaires on their health, lifestyle, and social factors. This study used an integrative approach with deep molecular profiling to identify potential biomarkers linked to phenotypes that underpin disease pathophysiology and provide better mechanistic insights into social health determinants. The TMCS incorporates multi-omics data, including genetic and metabolomic analyses of 10,933 participants and comprehensive data collection ranging from physical, psychological, behavioral, and social to biological data. The metabolome is used as a phenotypic probe because it is sensitive to changes in physiological and external conditions. The TMCS focuses on collecting outcomes for cardiovascular disease, cancer incidence and mortality, disability, functional decline due to aging and disease sequelae, and the variation in health status within the body represented by omics analysis that lies between exposure and disease. It contains several sub-studies on aging, heated tobacco products, and women's health. This study is notable for its robust design, high participation rate (89%), and long-term repeated surveys. Moreover, it contributes to precision prevention in Japan and East Asia as a well-established multi-omics platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Harada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Aya Hirata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuyo Kuwabara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Minako Matsumoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Shun Edagawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Yoko Kawada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Atsuko Miyake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Ryota Toki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Miki Akiyama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University
| | - Atsuki Kawai
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care and Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital
| | - Ryo Takemura
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital
| | - Kota Fukai
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiki Ishibashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Suzuka Kato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Ayako Kurihara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Mizuki Sata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Takuma Shibuki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Ayano Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Mitsuaki Sawano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Shoji
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
- Duke Clinical Research Institute
| | | | | | - Koichi Oki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | | | | | - Yuji Nishiwaki
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University
| | - Ryo Kawasaki
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | | | | | | | - Asako Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
| | | | | | | | - Shohei Komaki
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Iwate Medical University
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University
| | - Hideki Ohmomo
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Iwate Medical University
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University
| | - Kanako Ono
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University
| | - Yayoi Otsuka-Yamasaki
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Iwate Medical University
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Iwate Medical University
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University
| | - Yoichi Sutoh
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Iwate Medical University
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Kazuki Kumada
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | | | | | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
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Tezuka T, Shibata M, Hanaoka H, Izawa Y, Kikuchi T, Akino K, Ozawa Y, Saito M, Kaneko Y, Nakahara J, Takizawa T. Systemic lupus erythematosus mimicking retinal migraine: a case report. Cephalalgia 2023; 43:3331024231219477. [PMID: 38069834 DOI: 10.1177/03331024231219477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal migraine is a diagnosis of exclusion and is characterized by repeated episodes of transient monocular blindness associated with migraine. We report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with acute episodes mimicking retinal migraines. CASE REPORT A 46-year-old woman with a history of migraine with aura since her 20s and Evans syndrome presented with episodic transient monocular blindness. Retinal migraine was considered as the cause, and migraine prophylaxis initially reduced its frequency. After 5 months, the frequency increased, with chilblain-like lupus lesions on her extremities. Laboratory testing revealed lymphopenia and hypocomplementemia, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus, which may have caused Evans syndrome and transient monocular blindness, mimicking retinal migraines. After intravenous methylprednisolone and rituximab therapy, the transient monocular blindness episodes did not recur. CONCLUSION Given the clinical presentation, systemic lupus erythematosus should be considered as a cause of transient monocular blindness and should be distinguished from retinal migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Tezuka
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Shibata
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironari Hanaoka
- Department of Rheumatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Kikuchi
- Department of Hematology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Akino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Medical Innovation Center Tokyo and Eye Center, Fujita Health University, Haneda Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Saito
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Department of Rheumatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ishihara H, Tsuji O, Okada E, Izawa Y, Kato J, Suzuki S, Takahashi Y, Nori S, Nagoshi N, Yagi M, Watanabe K, Nakamura M, Matsumoto M. Postoperative tongue deviation by hypoglossal nerve palsy and Tapia's syndrome after cervical laminoplasty: report of two cases. J Orthop Sci 2023; 28:1529-1535. [PMID: 34728111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironari Ishihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osahiko Tsuji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eijiro Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jungo Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Murata J, Unekawa M, Kudo Y, Kotani M, Kanno I, Izawa Y, Tomita Y, Tanaka KF, Nakahara J, Masamoto K. Acceleration of the Development of Microcirculation Embolism in the Brain due to Capillary Narrowing. Stroke 2023; 54:2135-2144. [PMID: 37309687 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.042416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral microvascular obstruction is critically involved in recurrent stroke and decreased cerebral blood flow with age. The obstruction must occur in the capillary with a greater resistance to perfusion pressure through the microvascular networks. However, little is known about the relationship between capillary size and embolism formation. This study aimed to determine whether the capillary lumen space contributes to the development of microcirculation embolism. METHODS To spatiotemporally manipulate capillary diameters in vivo, transgenic mice expressing the light-gated cation channel protein ChR2 (channelrhodopsin-2) in mural cells were used. The spatiotemporal changes in the regional cerebral blood flow in response to the photoactivation of ChR2 mural cells were first characterized using laser speckle flowgraphy. Capillary responses to optimized photostimulation were then examined in vivo using 2-photon microscopy. Finally, microcirculation embolism due to intravenously injected fluorescent microbeads was compared under conditions with or without photoactivation of ChR2 mural cells. RESULTS Following transcranial photostimulation, the stimulation intensity-dependent decrease in cerebral blood flow centered at the irradiation was observed (14%-49% decreases relative to the baseline). The cerebrovascular response to photostimulation showed significant constriction of the cerebral arteries and capillaries but not of the veins. As a result of vasoconstriction, a temporal stall of red blood cell flow occurred in the capillaries of the venous sides. The 2-photon excitation of a single ChR2 pericyte demonstrated the partial shrinkage of capillaries (7% relative to the baseline) around the stimulated cell. With the intravenous injection of microbeads, the occurrence of microcirculation embolism was significantly enhanced (11% increases compared to the control) with photostimulation. CONCLUSIONS Capillary narrowing increases the risk of developing microcirculation embolism in the venous sides of the cerebral capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Murata
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering (J.M., Y.K., M.K., K.M.), University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Unekawa
- Department of Neurology (M.U., Y.I., Y.T., J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Kudo
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering (J.M., Y.K., M.K., K.M.), University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Kotani
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering (J.M., Y.K., M.K., K.M.), University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iwao Kanno
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (I.K.)
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology (M.U., Y.I., Y.T., J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tomita
- Department of Neurology (M.U., Y.I., Y.T., J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Tomita Hospital, Aichi, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (K.F.T.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology (M.U., Y.I., Y.T., J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Masamoto
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering (J.M., Y.K., M.K., K.M.), University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (K.M.), University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
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Tezuka T, Nukariya T, Katsumata M, Miyauchi T, Tokuyasu D, Azami S, Izawa Y, Nagoshi N, Fujiwara H, Mizutani K, Akiyama T, Toda M, Nakahara J, Nishimoto Y. "Missing-piece" sign with dural arteriovenous fistula at craniocervical junction: A case report. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107152. [PMID: 37137198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (sDAVF) is a rare and often underdiagnosed spinal disease. Early diagnosis is required because the deficits are reversible and delays in treatment cause permanent morbidity. Although the abnormal vascular flow void is a critical radiographic feature of sDAVF, they are not always present. A characteristic enhancement pattern of sDAVF has been recently reported as the "missing-piece" sign which can lead to the early and correct diagnosis. METHODS We presented imaging findings, treatment decisions, and the outcome of a rare case of sDAVF, in which the "missing-piece" sign appeared atypical. RESULTS A 60-year-old woman developed numbness and weakness in her extremities. Spinal MRI revealed longitudinal hyperintensity in the T2-weighted image, extending from the thoracic level to medulla oblongata. At first, myelopathy with inflammation or tumor was suspected because of the lack of flow voids and vascular abnormalities in CT-angiography and MR-DSA. However, we administered intravenous methylprednisolone and her symptom got worse with the appearance of the "missing-piece" sign. Then, we successfully diagnosed sDAVF by angiography. The "missing-piece" sign was considered to derive from inconsistency of the intrinsic venous system of spinal cord, with the abrupt segments without enhancement. The same etiology was considered in our case. CONCLUSIONS Detecting the "missing-piece" sign can lead to the correct diagnosis of sDAVF, even if the sign appeared atypical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Tezuka
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nukariya
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Katsumata
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Miyauchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Tokuyasu
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunpei Azami
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fujiwara
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Mizutani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takenori Akiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Shimohama S, Iizuka T, Takizawa T, Watanabe N, Tezuka T, Matsuda K, Yamanoi K, Kanazawa N, Kawamura Y, Yoshikawa T, Suzuki T, Takao M, Nakahara J, Izawa Y. Anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis with concurrent human herpes virus‐6A deoxyribonucleic acid detection: An autopsy case. Neuropathology 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Shimohama
- Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahiro Iizuka
- Department of Neurology Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Japan
| | - Tsubasa Takizawa
- Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Narumi Watanabe
- Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshiki Tezuka
- Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuda
- Department of Pathology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamanoi
- Department of Pathology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Naomi Kanazawa
- Department of Neurology Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) National Center Hospital Kodaira Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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9
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Gu YH, Hawkins BT, Izawa Y, Yoshikawa Y, Koziol JA, Del Zoppo GJ. Intracerebral hemorrhage and thrombin-induced alterations in cerebral microvessel matrix. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1732-1747. [PMID: 35510668 PMCID: PMC9441730 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221099092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Four phase III clinical trials of oral direct factor Xa or thrombin inhibitors demonstrated significantly lower intracranial hemorrhage compared to warfarin in patients with nonvalvular-atrial fibrillation. This is counter-intuitive to the principle that inhibiting thrombosis should increase hemorrhagic risk. We tested the novel hypothesis that anti-thrombin activity decreases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage by directly inhibiting thrombin-mediated degradation of cerebral microvessel basal lamina matrix, responsible for preventing hemorrhage. Collagen IV, laminin, and perlecan each contain one or more copies of the unique α-thrombin cleavage site consensus sequence. In blinded controlled experiments, α-thrombin significantly degraded each matrix protein in vitro and in vivo in a concentration-dependent fashion. In vivo stereotaxic injection of α-thrombin significantly increased permeability, local IgG extravasation, and hemoglobin (Hgb) deposition together with microvessel matrix degradation in a mouse model. In all formats the direct anti-thrombin dabigatran completely inhibited matrix degradation by α-thrombin. Fourteen-day oral exposure to dabigatran etexilate-containing chow completely inhibited matrix degradation, the permeability to large molecules, and cerebral hemorrhage associated with α-thrombin. These experiments demonstrate that thrombin can degrade microvessel matrix, leading to hemorrhage, and that inhibition of microvessel matrix degradation by α-thrombin decreases cerebral hemorrhage. Implications for focal ischemia and other conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huan Gu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian T Hawkins
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Duke University Center for WaSH-AID, Department of Eklectrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Yoshikawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James A Koziol
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gregory J Del Zoppo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Unekawa M, Tomita Y, Masamoto K, Kanno I, Nakahara J, Izawa Y. Close association between spreading depolarization and development of infarction under experimental ischemia in anesthetized male mice. Brain Res 2022; 1792:148023. [PMID: 35901965 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that spreading depolarizations (SD) usually occur in patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke when the gray matter of the brain is affected. In this study, we evaluated spatiotemporal changes of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and examined the relationship between SD occurrence and cerebral infarct development. In male isoflurane-anesthetized C57BL/6J mice, CBF changes over the ipsilateral parietal bone were recorded by laser speckle flowgraphy during and after transient (45 min, n = 22) or permanent occlusion (n = 22) of the distal MCA. Infarct volume was evaluated 24 hr after the operation. Upon MCA occlusion, CBF decreased by -55.6 ± 8.5 % in the lowest CBF and linearly recovered with increasing distance from the region. At 1-10 min after onset of occlusion, SD occurred and concentrically propagated from the core region, showing a decrease of CBF in the whole observed area along with a transient hyperemia and oligemia in the normal region. SD spontaneously re-occurred and propagated around the ischemic area in 37 % of mice, accompanied with a marked decrease of CBF in the core or a marked increase of CBF in the normal region. The CBF response to SDs gradually changed from the core to the normal area, depending upon the distance from the core region. Infarction was not observed in transiently (n = 2) or permanently (n = 4) occluded mice without SD. The infarct area tended to be larger with increasing number of SDs in transiently occluded mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the occurrence of SD during ischemia might elicit infarct formation and/or influence infarct development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Unekawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Tomita
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuto Masamoto
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan; Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Iwao Kanno
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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11
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Isago E, Ishizuchi K, Takizawa T, Fujiwara H, Izawa Y, Nakahara J. [A case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in which headache preceded visual field disturbances by 2 months]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2021; 61:722-726. [PMID: 34657917 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A quinquagenarian woman visited our hospital due to experiencing headache around the right upper eyelid for the previous 2 months. T2-weighted MRI of the head showed multiple high-signal-intensity lesions in the corpus callosum and bilateral corona radiata. She was thought to have an autoimmune disease and was treated with steroid pulse therapy, but the light reflex of the right eye diminished and the patient developed inferior horizontal hemianopsia. T2-weighted orbital MRI showed an enlarged right optic nerve, a high-intensity signal in the superior half of the optic nerve, and an enhancing effect. She also tested positive for anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies, so she was diagnosed with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). This case shows that headache can be an initial symptom of NMOSD and that clinicians should consider NMOSD when attempting to diagnose patients presenting with headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimi Isago
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Kei Ishizuchi
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | - Hirokazu Fujiwara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine
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12
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Sata M, Kakino A, Hirata A, Iida M, Usami Y, Harada S, Fujita Y, Kohsaka S, Izawa Y, Sawano M, Oki K, Sugiyama D, Takahashi S, Takebayashi T, Sawamura T, Okamura T. Serum modified high-density lipoprotein and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in a Japanese community-based nested case-control study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 29:e193-e195. [PMID: 34472612 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akemi Kakino
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Aya Hirata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Usami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Sei Harada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fujita
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Sawano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Oki
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, 1-4-17 Mita, Minato, Tokyo 108-0073, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care, Keio University, 4411 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0883, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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13
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Miwa K, Taniguchi Y, Sumimoto K, Matsuoka Y, Izawa Y, Onishi H, Tsuboi Y, Toba T, Kobayashi S, Emoto N, Hirata K. Microvasculopathy evaluated by dual-energy computed tomography in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It has been previously reported that poor subpleural perfusion (PSP) in dual-energy computed tomography (DE-CT) might suggest the microvasculopathy in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). However, it remains unclear whether pathological findings of microvasculopathy in CTEPH and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are equivalent. The aim is to evaluate the microvasculopathy in CTEPH and PAH by using clinical parameters and DE-CT.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed PSP (defined as subpleural spaces either not or minimally perfused in all segments) of consecutive treatment-naïve 89 CTEPH patients and 20 PAH patients who underwent DECT from Feb. 2015 to Dec. 2019.
We also evaluated hemodynamic parameters and DE-CT parameters including quantitative evaluation of pulmonary blood volume (PBV) which was calculated as the average of entire lung iodine density.
Results
PSP was observed in 49.4% of patients in CTEPH group versus 5.0% in PAH group (p<0.01).
There were no significant differences in hemodynamics and lung PBV between CTEPH group and PAH group (mean pulmonary arterial pressure; 36.4±10.4mmHg vs 38.3±8.5mmHg p=0.464, pulmonary vascular resistance; 700±388dyne*sec/cm5 vs 805±440 dyne*sec/cm5 p=0.288, lung PBV; 24.9±6.4 Hounsfield Unit vs 22.0±6.6 Hounsfield Unit p=0.06, respectively), however diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (%DLCO/VA) was significantly lower (69.5±16.8% vs 45.7±23.7% p<0.01) in PAH group.
Conclusion
PSP in DE-CT, which was observed more frequently in patients with CTEPH, might suggest the different mechanism of microvasculopathy from PAH in patients with CTEPH. Microvasculopathy in CTEPH would be diffuse very distal thrombosis. DE-CT is effective modality to detect microvasculopathy of diffuse distal thrombosis in patients with CTEPH.
DECT, Poor subpleural perfusion
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miwa
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Taniguchi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Sumimoto
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Matsuoka
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Izawa
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - H Onishi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Tsuboi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - T Toba
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Kobayashi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - N Emoto
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Hirata
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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14
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Onishi H, Taniguchi Y, Miwa K, Sumimoto K, Matsuoka Y, Izawa Y, Tsuboi Y, Otake H, Kobayashi S, Emoto N, Hirata K. Efficacy of interventional treatment for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension with microvasculopathy. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The existence of microvasculopathy in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) had been suggested. However, the impact of microvasculopathy for pathophysiology had been unknown. Recently dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can produce a sensitive iodine distribution map in lung fields to quantify lung perfusion, which may indicate the existence of microvasculopathy according to poor subpleural perfusion.
This study aimed to examine the therapeutic efficacy of interventional treatment (pulmonary endarterectomy or/and balloon pulmonary angioplasty) in CTEPH with microvasculopathy.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed poor subpleural perfusion (defined as subpleural spaces either not or minimally perfused in all segments) and hemodynamics of 70 consecutive CTEPH patients who underwent DECT before and after interventional therapy from January 2014 to January 2020.
Patients were divided according to poor subpleural perfusion in DECT images before treatment: a microvasculopathy group (MV group, n=37) or a non-microvasculopathy group (Non-MV group, n=33).
We evaluated clinical parameters as WHO functional class (WHO-Fc), 6-min walk distance, respiratory function test, cardiopulmonary exercise test, hemodynamic parameters, and DECT parameters at baseline and after the treatments. DECT parameters as quantitative evaluation of pulmonary blood volume (PBV) calculated as the average of entire lung iodine density.
Results
After interventional treatments, WHO-Fc improved in 33 patients in MV group, and 27 patients in Non-MV group (p=0.50).
In MV group, baseline mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and VE/VCO2 slope were higher (38.3±9.3 vs. 33.2±10.8 mmHg p=0.04, 818±394 vs. 539±289 dyne*sec/cm5 p<0.01 and 43.7±11.3 vs. 35.2±6.9 p<0.01, respectively) and PBV were lower (43.7±11.3 vs. 35.2±6.9 Hounsfield Unit p<0.01) After the treatments, mPAP, PVR, VE/VCO2 slope and PBV showed almost equivalent between the groups (19.5±4.1 vs. 20.6±5.1 mmHg p=0.35, 272±111 vs 251±109 dyne*sec/cm5 p=0.42, 29.2±6.3 vs. 26.0±6.1 p=0.06 and 27.1±6.6 vs. 29.6±6.6 Hounsfield Unit p=0.13).
Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (%DLCO/VA) did not improve after treatment in both groups (MV group: 59.5±13.1 to 58.8±11.9% p=0.43. Non-MV group: 77.8±13.4% to 70.5±10.8% P<0.01).
Conclusion
Hemodynamics, pulmonary perfusion, exercise capacities significantly improved after the treatments in spite of the existence or absence of microvasculopathy. However, DLCO which might indicate the existence of microvasculopathy did not improve. Interventional treatments could not improve microvasculopathy because of their limit of accessibilities.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- H Onishi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Taniguchi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Miwa
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Sumimoto
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Matsuoka
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Izawa
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Tsuboi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - H Otake
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Kobayashi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - N Emoto
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Hirata
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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15
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Tang C, Unekawa M, Shibata M, Tomita Y, Izawa Y, Sugimoto H, Ikeda K, Kawakami K, Suzuki N, Nakahara J. Characteristics of cortical spreading depression and c-Fos expression in transgenic mice having a mutation associated with familial hemiplegic migraine 2. Cephalalgia 2020; 40:1177-1190. [PMID: 32484063 DOI: 10.1177/0333102420929028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical spreading depression is thought to be the underlying mechanism of migraine aura. In 2006, three relatives having the point mutation E700K in ATP1A2 exon 15 were diagnosed with familial hemiplegic migraine 2 characterized by complicated forms of aura. Here, we generated a transgenic mouse model having the human E700K mutation in the Atp1a2 orthologous gene. OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of cortical spreading depression in a mouse model with E700K mutation in the Atp1a2. METHODS Cortical spreading depression was induced by applying stepwise increases of KCl concentration or electrical stimulation intensity to C57BL/6J-Tg(Atp1a2*E700K)9151Kwk mice (Tg, both sexes) and corresponding wild-type animals. Under urethane anesthesia, the responsiveness and threshold to cortical spreading depression were examined and the distribution of c-Fos expression, a neuronal activity marker, was immunohistochemically determined. RESULTS Overall, Tg mice showed significantly faster propagation velocity (p < 0.01) and longer full-width-at-half-maximum (p < 0.01) than wild-type animals, representing a slower recovery from direct current potential deflection. The cortical spreading depression threshold tended to be lower in Tg, especially in females. c-Fos-positive cells were significantly enhanced in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex, piriform cortex, amygdala and striatum (each p < 0.05 vs. contralateral side). Numbers of c-Fos positive cells were significantly higher in the ipsilateral amygdala of Tg, as compared with wild-type animals (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The effect of cortical spreading depression may be greater in E700K transgenic mice than that in wild-type animals, while the threshold for cortical spreading depression shows little change. Higher c-Fos expression in the amygdala may indicate alterations of the limbic system in Tg, suggesting an enhanced linkage between cortical spreading depression and amygdala connectivity in familial hemiplegic migraine 2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Tang
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miyuki Unekawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Shibata
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tomita
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugimoto
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.,Division of Physiology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kawakami
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Norihiro Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Shonan Keiiku Hospital, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Oyama M, Iizuka T, Nakahara J, Izawa Y. Neuroimaging pattern and pathophysiology of cerebellar stroke-like lesions in MELAS with m.3243A>G mutation: a case report. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32357846 PMCID: PMC7195751 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke-like episodes (SLEs) in mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) with m.3243A > G mutation usually develop in the cerebral cortex. Few reports have documented SLEs in the cerebellum. The clinical neuroimaging features of cerebellar SLEs have not been fully investigated. We report distinctive features of cerebellar stroke-like lesions (SLLs) in a case of MELAS with m.3243A > G mutation. Case presentation A 47-year-old Japanese man with type-2 diabetes presented to our hospital with acute onset of aphasia. A brain MRI obtained on admission (day 1) showed increased diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal in the left anterolateral temporal lobe, which subsequently spread along the cortex posteriorly accompanied by a new lesion in the right anterior temporal lobe. The patient was initially treated with acyclovir and subsequently with immunotherapy. However, on day 45, cerebellar ataxia developed. The brain MRI showed extensive increased DWI/FLAIR signals in the cerebellum along the folia without involvement of deep cerebellar nucleus or cerebellar peduncle; SLLs were incongruent with a vascular territory, similarly to classic cerebral SLLs. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map did not show reduction in ADC values in the affected folia. Genomic analysis revealed m.3243A > G mutation (heteroplasmy in leukocytes, 17%), confirming the diagnosis of MELAS. After the treatment with taurine (12,000 mg/day), L-arginine (12,000 mg/day), vitamin B1 (100 mg/day), and carnitine (3000 mg/day), the patient became able to follow simple commands, and he was transferred to a rehabilitation center on day 146. The follow-up MRI showed diffuse brain atrophy, including the cerebellum. Conclusions SLLs develop in the cerebellum in MELAS with m.3243A > G mutation. The neuroimaging similarities to cerebral SLLs suggest the presence of the common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying both SLEs, which include microangiopathy and increased susceptibility of the cortex to metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Oyama
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iizuka
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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17
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Iizuka T, Oki K, Hayashida K, Minami K, Izawa Y, Takahashi S, Shimizu H, Fukuda K, Nakahara J. Cerebral Infarction after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Japan: Retrospective Analysis at a Single High-Volume Center. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:104455. [PMID: 31680032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative cerebral infarction is one of the concerning complications after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with aortic stenosis. Several studies have reported on this complication; however, those included only Caucasians and analyzed a small number of cases. Here, we report on the characteristics and risk factors of symptomatic cerebral infarction after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in a single, high-volume center in Japan. METHODS We included 308 consecutive patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation in our facility between 2013 and 2016. We retrospectively analyzed the occurrence, characteristics, and prognoses of symptomatic cerebral infarction within 7 days after the procedure and statistically compared the risk factors between patients with or without cerebral infarction. RESULTS Five patients (1.6%) suffered from symptomatic cerebral infarction, which was usually recognized just after the procedure, with mild symptoms. Long-term prognoses tended to be good unless other factors influenced disability. Comorbidities, such as carotid artery stenosis and peripheral artery disease, were significantly higher in patients with cerebral infarction (P = .036 and .002, respectively); in addition, coronary artery disease and longer anesthesia duration (indicating challenging catheter procedures) tended to be associated with cerebral infarction (P = .080 and .069, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic cerebral infarction occurred in 1.6% of patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in a single, high-volume center in Japan; the infarctions were of mild severity tending toward good long-term prognoses. We speculate arterial embolism from atherosclerotic large arteries, especially from the aortic arch, during catheter procedures might be the mechanistic basis of cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Iizuka
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Oki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Hayashida
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Minami
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Stroke, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Onishi H, Taniguchi Y, Matsuoka Y, Yanaka K, Izawa Y, Mori S, Otake H, Satomi-Kobayashi S, Emoto N, Hirata K. P5022Dual-energy CT was effective to evaluate of microvasculopathy in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The existence of microvasculopathy in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) had been suggested. However, the impact of microvasculopathy for pathophysiology had been unknown. Recently dual-energy CT (DECT) can produce a sensitive iodine distribution map as blood perfusion in lung fields to quantify lung perfusion, also can suggest the existence of microvasculopathy according to poor subpleural perfusion which was published previously.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed poor subpleural perfusion (defined as subpleural spaces either not or minimally perfused in all segments) and hemodynamics of 83 treatment-naïve CTEPH patients who underwent DECT from February 2014 to Jan 2019. Patients were divided according to poor subpleural perfusion: a microvasculopathy group (n=44) or a non-microvasculopathy group (n=39).
We assessed cardiopulmonary exercise test, right heart catheterization and DECT parameters as quantitative evaluation of pulmonary blood volume (PBV). PBV was calculated as the average of entire lung iodine density.
Results
PBV value in non-microvasculopathy group showed significant inverse correlation with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (y = 14236 x-1.028 r=−0.530, p<0.01).
PBV, SvO2, and %DLCO/VA were significantly lower (22.0 vs. 26.4, p<0.01, 61.3 vs. 66.0, p<0.01, and 59.2 vs 75.9 p<0.01), and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, PVR, VE/VCO2 slope, BNP were higher (69.3 vs 60.6 p=0.04, 834 vs 586 p<0.01, 45.5 vs. 37.8, p=0.02, and 440 vs 122 p=0.04) in microvasculopathy group, while the other parameters were similar between the two groups.
Multivariate analysis revealed that %DLCO/VA was the only predictor of microvasculopathy (OR,0.895 [95% CI, 0.835 - 0.960]; P<0.01).
Conclusion
Pulmonary blood flow of patients in non-micorvasculopathy group showed inverse correlation with PVR. DECT was effective to assess the microvasculopathy in CTEPH. In our experience, less than 60% of non-operable CTEPH patients have microvasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Onishi
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Taniguchi
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Matsuoka
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Yanaka
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Izawa
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Mori
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - H Otake
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Satomi-Kobayashi
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - N Emoto
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Hirata
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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19
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Mashima K, Takahashi S, Minami K, Izawa Y, Abe T, Tsukada N, Hishiki T, Suematsu M, Kajimura M, Suzuki N. Neuroprotective Role of Astroglia in Parkinson Disease by Reducing Oxidative Stress Through Dopamine-Induced Activation of Pentose-Phosphate Pathway. ASN Neuro 2019; 10:1759091418775562. [PMID: 29768946 PMCID: PMC5960859 DOI: 10.1177/1759091418775562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the onset and progression of Parkinson disease. Although released dopamine at the synaptic terminal is mostly reabsorbed by dopaminergic neurons, some dopamine is presumably taken up by astroglia. This study examined the dopamine-induced astroglial protective function through the activation of the pentose-phosphate pathway (PPP) to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro experiments were performed using striatal neurons and cortical or striatal astroglia prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats or C57BL/6 mice. The rates of glucose phosphorylation in astroglia were evaluated using the [14C]deoxyglucose method. PPP activity was measured using [1-14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose after acute (60 min) or chronic (15 hr) exposure to dopamine. ROS production was measured using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The involvement of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) or nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) system was evaluated using Nrf2 gene knockout mice, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis for heme oxygenase-1. Acute exposure to dopamine elicited increases in astroglial glucose consumption with lactate release. PPP activity in astroglia was robustly enhanced independently of Na+-dependent monoamine transporters. In contrast, chronic exposure to dopamine induced moderate increases in PPP activity via the Keap1/Nrf2 system. ROS production from dopamine increased gradually over 12 hr. Dopamine induced neuronal cell damage that was prevented by coculturing with astroglia but not with Nrf2-deficient astroglia. Dopamine-enhanced astroglial PPP activity in both acute and chronic manners may possibly reduce neuronal oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Mashima
- 1 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- 1 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Minami
- 1 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- 1 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Abe
- 1 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsukada
- 1 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Hishiki
- 3 Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,4 Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kajimura
- 5 Department of Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Norihiro Suzuki
- 1 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Unekawa M, Tomita Y, Toriumi H, Osada T, Masamoto K, Kawaguchi H, Izawa Y, Itoh Y, Kanno I, Suzuki N, Nakahara J. Spatiotemporal dynamics of red blood cells in capillaries in layer I of the cerebral cortex and changes in arterial diameter during cortical spreading depression and response to hypercapnia in anesthetized mice. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12552. [PMID: 31050358 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Control of red blood cell velocity in capillaries is essential to meet local neuronal metabolic requirements, although changes of capillary diameter are limited. To further understand the microcirculatory response during cortical spreading depression, we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of red blood cell velocity in intraparenchymal capillaries. METHODS In urethane-anesthetized Tie2-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice, the velocity of fluorescence-labeled red blood cells flowing in capillaries in layer I of the cerebral cortex was automatically measured with our Matlab domain software (KEIO-IS2) in sequential images obtained with a high-speed camera laser-scanning confocal fluorescence microscope system. RESULTS Cortical spreading depression repeatedly increased the red blood cell velocity prior to arterial constriction/dilation. During the first cortical spreading depression, red blood cell velocity significantly decreased, and sluggishly moving or retrograde-moving red blood cells were observed, concomitantly with marked arterial constriction. The velocity subsequently returned to around the basal level, while oligemia after cortical spreading depression with slight vasoconstriction remained. After several passages of cortical spreading depression, hypercapnia-induced increase of red blood cell velocity, regional cerebral blood flow and arterial diameter were all significantly reduced, and the correlations among them became extremely weak. CONCLUSIONS Taken together with our previous findings, these simultaneous measurements of red blood cell velocity in multiple capillaries, arterial diameter and regional cerebral blood flow support the idea that red blood cell flow might be altered independently, at least in part, from arterial regulation, that neuro-capillary coupling plays a role in rapidly meeting local neural demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Unekawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tomita Hospital, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tomita
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tomita Hospital, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Haruki Toriumi
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Osada
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Masamoto
- Brain Science Inspired Life Support Research Center, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.,Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Itoh
- Department of Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iwao Kanno
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norihiro Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Shonan Keiiku Hospital, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Oki K, Katsumata M, Izawa Y, Takahashi S, Suzuki N, Houkin K. Trends of Antiplatelet Therapy for the Management of Moyamoya Disease in Japan: Results of a Nationwide Survey. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:3605-3612. [PMID: 30220629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of antiplatelet drugs in the treatment of moyamoya disease remain unclear. This study reports results of a nationwide survey conducted in 2016 on the trends of antiplatelet therapy for moyamoya disease in Japan. METHODS Data were obtained through questionnaires related to treatment policies regarding antiplatelet drugs from each specialized stroke management department of 765 hospitals in Japan. Data were also compared between experienced facilities (defined as facilities managing more than 10 cases per year) and those less experienced (not more than 10 cases per year) to determine experts' opinion. RESULTS Of the 389 departments in 375 hospitals that responded, 330 departments provided medical care for moyamoya disease. Regarding ischemic stroke, numerous departments considered the use of antiplatelet drugs "in principle" (218 departments). After surgery for ischemic moyamoya disease, the use of antiplatelet drugs for a certain period of time was the most popular opinion (74 departments). Regarding asymptomatic moyamoya disease, majority departments reported no use of APDs "in principle" (256 departments). The experienced facilities reported "no use of antiplatelet drugs" more frequently than those less experienced for treating asymptomatic moyamoya disease. In moyamoya disease, aspirin was the most commonly used antiplatelet drugs followed by cilostazol and clopidogrel. CONCLUSIONS This survey revealed details of treatment policies, and the selection of antiplatelet drugs widely varied across facilities. Further prospective studies are necessary to improve the current unclear situation regarding the use of antiplatelet drugs for the management of moyamoya disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Oki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Katsumata
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Houkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Matsuzoe H, Matsumoto K, Tanaka H, Tahara N, Izawa Y, Toba T, Mori S, Suto M, Mukai J, Takada H, Soga F, Hatani Y, Hatazawa K, Shimoyama S, Hirata K. P6483Integrated assessment of aortic valve resistance using multi-detector computed tomography and echocardiography reflects aortic valvular burden and has prognostic value in patients with aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuzoe
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Matsumoto
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - H Tanaka
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - N Tahara
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Izawa
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - T Toba
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Mori
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - M Suto
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - J Mukai
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - H Takada
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - F Soga
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Hatani
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Hatazawa
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Shimoyama
- Kobe University, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Hirata
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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23
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Onishi H, Nakayama K, Yanaka K, Tamada N, Izawa Y, Shinkura Y, Shimoyama S, Nishii T, Kono A, Mori S, Otake H, Satomi-Kobayashi S, Shinke T, Emoto N, Hirata K. P2613Lung perfusion recovery evaluated by dual-energy CT correlated with the improvement of exercise capacity in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Onishi
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Nakayama
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Yanaka
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - N Tamada
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Izawa
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Shinkura
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Shimoyama
- Kobe University, Department of Radiology, Kobe, Japan
| | - T Nishii
- Kobe University, Department of Radiology, Kobe, Japan
| | - A Kono
- Kobe University, Department of Radiology, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Mori
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - H Otake
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Satomi-Kobayashi
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - T Shinke
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - N Emoto
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Hirata
- Kobe University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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24
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Izawa Y, Gu YH, Osada T, Kanazawa M, Hawkins BT, Koziol JA, Papayannopoulou T, Spatz M, Del Zoppo GJ. β1-integrin-matrix interactions modulate cerebral microvessel endothelial cell tight junction expression and permeability. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:641-658. [PMID: 28787238 PMCID: PMC5888854 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17722108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acutely following focal cerebral ischemia disruption of the microvessel blood-brain barrier allows transit of plasma proteins into the neuropil as edema formation that coincides with loss of microvessel endothelial β1-integrins. We extend previous findings to show that interference with endothelial β1-integrin-matrix adhesion by the monoclonal IgM Ha2/5 increases the permeability of primary cerebral microvascular endothelial cell monolayers through reorganization of claudin-5, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) from inter-endothelial borders. Interference with β1-integrin-matrix adhesion initiates F-actin conformational changes that coincide with claudin-5 redistribution. β1-integrin-matrix interference simultaneously increases phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), while inhibition of MLC kinase (MLCK) and Rho kinase (ROCK) abolishes the Ha2/5-dependent increased endothelial permeability by 6 h after β1-integrin-matrix interference. These observations are supported by concordant observations in the cortex of a high-quality murine conditional β1-integrin deletion construct. Together they support the hypothesis that detachment of β1-integrins from abluminal matrix ligands increases vascular endothelial permeability through reorganization of tight junction (TJ) proteins via altered F-actin conformation, and indicate that the β1-integrin-MLC signaling pathway is engaged when β1-integrin detachment occurs. These findings provide a novel approach to the research and treatment of cerebral disorders where the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier accounts for their progression and complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikane Izawa
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Huan Gu
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Takashi Osada
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Kanazawa
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Brian T Hawkins
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,4 Discovery, Science, & Technology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - James A Koziol
- 5 Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thalia Papayannopoulou
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Spatz
- 6 Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory J Del Zoppo
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,7 Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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25
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Akita T, Kiuchi K, Fukuzawa K, Mori S, Taniguchi Y, Izawa Y, Hyogo K, Imada H, Kurose J, Suehiro H, Nagamatsu Y, Takemoto M, Hirata K, Shimoyama S. 743The lesion width and gap assessed by late-gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging after hotballoon ablation as compared to cryoballoon and conventional radiofrequency ablation. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Akita
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Kiuchi
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Fukuzawa
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Mori
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Taniguchi
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Izawa
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Hyogo
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - H Imada
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - J Kurose
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - H Suehiro
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Nagamatsu
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - M Takemoto
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Hirata
- Kobe University, Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Un, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Shimoyama
- Kobe University, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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26
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Nakai S, Nakatsuka M, Fujita H, Miyanaga N, Jitsuno T, Kanabe T, Izawa Y, Norimatsu T, Takagi M, Yamanaka T, Kato Y, Azechi H, Nishimura H, Shiraga H, Nakai M, Tanaka K, Kodama R, Takabe H, Nishihara K, Mima K, Kitagawa Y, Sakabe S, Yamanaka M, Kosaki Y, Yamanaka C, Sasaki T, Mori Y, Miyazaki K, Nishikawa M, Kan H, Hiruma T, Soman Y, Ito H, Perlado J, Alonso E, Munoz E, Sanz J. Laser Fusion Research at Ile Osaka University. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.13182/fst96-a11963008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Nakai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - M. Nakatsuka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - H. Fujita
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - N. Miyanaga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - T. Jitsuno
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - T. Kanabe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - Y. Izawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - T. Norimatsu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - M. Takagi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - T. Yamanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - Y. Kato
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - H. Azechi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - H. Nishimura
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - H. Shiraga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - M. Nakai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - K.A. Tanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - R. Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - H. Takabe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - K. Nishihara
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - K. Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - Y. Kitagawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - S. Sakabe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - M. Yamanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - Y. Kosaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - C. Yamanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - T. Sasaki
- Faculy of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - Y. Mori
- Faculy of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - K. Miyazaki
- Faculy of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - M. Nishikawa
- Faculy of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 Japan
| | - H. Kan
- Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Shizuoka 434 Japan
| | - T. Hiruma
- Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Shizuoka 434 Japan
| | - Y. Soman
- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Ltd. 1-1-1 Wadasaki-cho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe 562 Japan
| | - H. Ito
- Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Ltd. 2-4-25 Minamisuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136 Japan
- Members of Laser Fusion Reactor Committee of Laser Society of Japan
| | - J.M. Perlado
- Instituto de Fusion Nuclear, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - E. Alonso
- Instituto de Fusion Nuclear, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - E. Munoz
- Instituto de Fusion Nuclear, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - J. Sanz
- Instituto de Fusion Nuclear, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid 28006 Madrid Spain
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27
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Mima K, Azechi H, Johzaki Y, Kitagawa Y, Kodama R, Kozaki Y, Miyanaga N, Nagai K, Nagatomo H, Nakai M, Nishimura H, Norimatsu T, Shiraga H, Tanaka KA, Izawa Y, Nakao Y, Sakagami H. Present Status of Fast Ignition Research and Prospects of FIREX Project. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-a762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Azechi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Johzaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Kitagawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R. Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Kozaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N. Miyanaga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K. Nagai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Nagatomo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M. Nakai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Nishimura
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T. Norimatsu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Shiraga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K. A. Tanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Izawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Nakao
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Sakagami
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Norimatsu T, Harding D, Stephens R, Nikroo A, Petzoldt R, Yoshida H, Nagai K, Izawa Y. Fabrication, Injection, and Tracking of Fast Ignition Targets: Status and Future Prospects. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst06-a1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Norimatsu
- Osaka University, Institute of Laser Engineering, 2-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - D. Harding
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299
| | - R. Stephens
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-560
| | - A. Nikroo
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-560
| | - R. Petzoldt
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-560
| | - H. Yoshida
- Gifu University, Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - K. Nagai
- Osaka University, Institute of Laser Engineering, 2-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Y. Izawa
- Osaka University, Institute of Laser Engineering, 2-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
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Soeda E, Hoshino K, Izawa Y, Takaoka C, Isobe C, Takahashi A, Takahashi N, Yamada Y, Shimojima N, Fujino A, Shinoda M, Kitagawa Y, Tanabe M, Nakamaru S, Taki N, Sekiguchi A, Nakazawa Y, Turukawa T, Kuroda T. A Report on the Positive Response to an Outdoor Nature Challenge of a Snow Camp for Young Liver Transplant Patients. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:115-120. [PMID: 28104117 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES More than two decades have passed since the first living donor liver transplantation was performed in Japan in 1989. There are many reports about problems in adherence to taking medication and medical follow-ups in children who received liver transplants, because there is no transition strategy for those children and parents or guardians. The objective of this study is to measure the effect of nature and outdoor activity to improve children's medical adherence. METHODS We recruited participants from 9-year-old children who are attending the outpatient liver transplant clinic in a stable condition (no event such as rejection or surgical procedure within 6 months). We took participants to a snow camp and measured its effect by using the IKIRU CHIKARA (IKR) tool, which contain 28 items divided into 3 categories: psychosocial ability, moral fitness, and physical ability. Children were tested on three occasions, before, just after, and 1 month after the camp. RESULTS Eight patients participated in the snow camp and 7 patients were eligible for the study. The average age was 12.6 with a range 10 to 17 years. There were 3 girls and 4 boys. The average IKR scores before, just after, and 1 month after the camp were 127.9, 131.5, and 126.6, respectively. CONCLUSION An outdoor activity such as a snow camp can be safely conducted, and it is an acceptable option to incorporate within a pediatric liver transplant program. There were no significant changes in IKR scores during this short observation. Longer observation is needed to measure the effect of nature and outdoor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Soeda
- Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - K Hoshino
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Izawa
- Department of Nursing, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Takaoka
- Department of Nursing, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Isobe
- School of Nursing, Shibuya Medical Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - N Takahashi
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yamada
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Shimojima
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Fujino
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Shinoda
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Kitagawa
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Tanabe
- Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Nakamaru
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Taki
- Faculty of Educatoin, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - A Sekiguchi
- Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sports, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - T Kuroda
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Iizumi T, Takahashi S, Mashima K, Minami K, Izawa Y, Abe T, Hishiki T, Suematsu M, Kajimura M, Suzuki N. A possible role of microglia-derived nitric oxide by lipopolysaccharide in activation of astroglial pentose-phosphate pathway via the Keap1/Nrf2 system. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:99. [PMID: 27143001 PMCID: PMC4855896 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of stroke-induced inflammation. Both astroglia and microglia express TLR4, and endogenous ligands produced in the ischemic brain induce inflammatory responses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines produced by TLR4 activation play harmful roles in neuronal damage after stroke. Although astroglia exhibit pro-inflammatory responses upon TLR4 stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), they may also play cytoprotective roles via the activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), reducing oxidative stress by glutathione peroxidase. We investigated the mechanisms by which astroglia reduce oxidative stress via the activation of PPP, using TLR4 stimulation and hypoxia in concert with microglia. METHODS In vitro experiments were performed using cells prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats. Coexisting microglia in the astroglial culture were chemically eliminated using L-leucine methyl ester (LME). Cells were exposed to LPS (0.01 μg/mL) or hypoxia (1 % O2) for 12-15 h. PPP activity was measured using [1-(14)C]glucose and [6-(14)C]glucose. ROS and NO production were measured using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate, respectively. The involvement of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a cardinal transcriptional factor under stress conditions that regulates glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme of PPP, was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Cultured astroglia exposed to LPS elicited 20 % increases in PPP flux, and these actions of astroglia appeared to involve Nrf2. However, the chemical depletion of coexisting microglia eliminated both increases in PPP and astroglial nuclear translocation of Nrf2. LPS induced ROS and NO production in the astroglial culture containing microglia but not in the microglia-depleted astroglial culture. LPS enhanced astroglial ROS production after glutathione depletion. U0126, an upstream inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase, eliminated LPS-induced NO production, whereas ROS production was unaffected. U0126 also eliminated LPS-induced PPP activation in astroglial-microglial culture, indicating that microglia-derived NO mediated astroglial PPP activation. Hypoxia induced astroglial PPP activation independent of the microglia-NO pathway. Elimination of ROS and NO production by sulforaphane, a natural Nrf2 activator, confirmed the astroglial protective mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Astroglia in concert with microglia may play a cytoprotective role for countering oxidative stress in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Iizumi
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Mashima
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Minami
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Abe
- Department of Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka-shi, 545-8585, Osaka , Japan
| | - Takako Hishiki
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan.,Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan.,JST Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Suematsu Gas Biology Project, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan.,JST Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Suematsu Gas Biology Project, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mayumi Kajimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan.,JST Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Suematsu Gas Biology Project, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Norihiro Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
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Katsumata M, Oki K, Nakahara J, Izawa Y, Abe T, Takahashi S, Suzuki N. Ipsilateral Facial Tactile Hypesthesia in a Patient with Lateral Medullary Syndrome. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 24:e315-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Hawkins BT, Gu YH, Izawa Y, del Zoppo GJ. Dabigatran abrogates brain endothelial cell permeability in response to thrombin. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:985-92. [PMID: 25669912 PMCID: PMC4640263 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk and severity of thromboembolic stroke. Generally, antithrombotic agents increase the hemorrhagic risk of thromboembolic stroke. However, significant reductions in thromboembolism and intracerebral hemorrhage have been shown with the antithrombin dabigatran compared with warfarin. As thrombin has been implicated in microvessel injury during cerebral ischemia, we hypothesized that dabigatran decreases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage by direct inhibition of the thrombin-mediated increase in cerebral endothelial cell permeability. Primary murine brain endothelial cells (mBECs) were exposed to murine thrombin before measuring permeability to 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran. Thrombin increased mBEC permeability in a concentration-dependent manner, without significant endothelial cell death. Pretreatment of mBECs with dabigatran completely abrogated the effect of thrombin on permeability. Neither the expressions of the endothelial cell β1-integrins nor the tight junction protein claudin-5 were affected by thrombin exposure. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) also increased permeability; this effect was abrogated by treatment with dabigatran, as was the additive effect of thrombin and OGD on permeability. Taken together, these results indicate that dabigatran could contribute to a lower risk of intracerebral hemorrhage during embolism-associated ischemia from AF by protection of the microvessel permeability barrier from local thrombin challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Thomas Hawkins
- Department of Medicine (Hematology), Division of Hematology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yu-Huan Gu
- Department of Medicine (Hematology), Division of Hematology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Medicine (Hematology), Division of Hematology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gregory John del Zoppo
- 1] Department of Medicine (Hematology), Division of Hematology, Seattle, Washington, USA [2] Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Abstract
Modulation of coagulation has been successfully applied to ischemic disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Some components of the coagulation system have been identified in the CNS, yet with limited exception their functions have not been clearly defined. Little is known about how events within the cerebral tissues affect hemostasis. Nonetheless, the interaction between cerebral cells and vascular hemostasis and the possibility that endogenous coagulation factors can participate in functions within the neurovascular unit provide intriguing possibilities for deeper insight into CNS functions and the potential for treatment of CNS injuries. Here, we consider the expression of coagulation factors in the CNS, the coagulopathy associated with focal cerebral ischemia (and its relationship to hemorrhagic transformation), the use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in ischemic stroke and its study in animal models, the impact of rt-PA on neuron and CNS structure and function, and matrix protease generation and matrix degradation and hemostasis. Interwoven among these topics is evidence for interactions of coagulation factors with and within the CNS. How activation of hemostasis occurs in the cerebral tissues and how the brain responds are difficult questions that offer many research possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. del Zoppo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brian T. Hawkins
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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Izawa Y, Kadota K, Otsuru S, Hasegawa D, Habara S, Tada T, Tanaka H, Fuku Y, Goto T, Mitsudo K. Incidences and clinical implications of stent fracture and stent recoil after everolimus-eluting stent and biolimus-eluting stent implantations. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hawkins BT, Gu Y, Izawa Y, Zoppo GJD. DABIGATRAN ABROGATES BRAIN ENDOTHELIAL CELL PERMEABILITY IN RESPONSE TO THROMBIN. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(13)62043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hawkins BT, Gu YH, Izawa Y, Del Zoppo GJ. Disruption of dystroglycan-laminin interactions modulates water uptake by astrocytes. Brain Res 2013; 1503:89-96. [PMID: 23395731 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral edema is a serious complication of ischemic brain injury. Cerebral edema includes accumulation of extracellular fluid due to leakage of the brain's microvessel permeability barrier, and swelling of astrocytes as they absorb water from the extracellular space. Expression of matrix adhesion receptors in brain microvessels decreases in ischemic stroke; this contributes to increased microvessel permeability and detachment of astrocytes from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Since loss of the astrocyte adhesion receptor dystroglycan has been associated with disrupted polarization of ion and water channels, we hypothesized that adhesion of astrocytes to the ECM contributes to regulation of water uptake, and that disruption of matrix adhesion impairs the ability of astrocytes to direct water transport. To test this hypothesis, the capacity of astrocytes to take up water was measured using a fluorescence self-quenching assay under both oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) and direct antibody-mediated blockade of α-dystroglycan. Both conditions decreased the rate of water uptake. Moreover, inhibiting proteolytic cleavage of dystroglycan that occurs in OGD abrogated the effect of OGD, but not direct blockade of α-dystroglycan, indicating that interfering with dystroglycan-matrix binding itself affects water uptake. Activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) by OGD was dependent on α-dystroglycan binding, and inhibition of ERK activity with U0126 abrogated the loss of water uptake following OGD. These studies demonstrate for the first time that water uptake in astrocytes is regulated by dystroglycan-dependent signaling associated with matrix adhesion. This presents a novel potential approach to the treatment of cerebral edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Hawkins
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, PO Box 359756, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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Takahashi S, Izawa Y, Suzuki N. [Astrogliopathy as a loss of astroglial protective function against glycoxidative stress under hyperglycemia]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2012; 52:41-51. [PMID: 22260979 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.52.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from mitochondria play an essential role in stroke as well as in neurodegenerative disorders. Although hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus is well known to enhance ROS production in vascular endothelial cells, the effects of either acute or chronic high glucose environments on neurons and glial cells remain unclear. Astroglia play a pivotal role in glucose metabolism. Thus, the astroglial metabolic response to high glucose environments is an interesting subject. In particular, the glutathione/pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) system, which is a major defense mechanism against ROS in the brain, contributes to glucose metabolism and is more active in astroglia. We propose that high glucose environments activate PPP through an increased flux to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). HBP is known to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress under hyperglycemia, resulting in the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of phase 2 detoxifying enzymes including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that regulates PPP activity, as Nrf2 is reported to be a direct substrate of protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), a transducer of ER stress. Therefore, the phosphorylation of Nrf2 by hyperglycemia-induced ER stress facilitates Nrf2 translocation through PERK, thus activating the PPP. If acute or chronic hyperglycemia induces PPP activation in astroglia to reduce ROS, reducing the glucose concentration may be accompanied by a risk, which may explain the lack of evidence that strict glycemic control during the acute phase of stroke conveys no beneficial effect.
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Takahashi S, Abe T, Izawa Y, Suzuki N. Effects of fluctuating glucose concentrations on oxidative metabolism of glucose in cultured neurons and astroglia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jdm.2012.21004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Seki M, Suzuki S, Ishii K, Izawa Y, Takahashi S, Toyama Y, Nakamura M, Suzuki N. Differential diagnosis between intracranial dissemination of spinal cord astrocytoma and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Intern Med 2012; 51:321-4. [PMID: 22293811 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.51.5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the clinical features of limbic encephalitis that developed after palliative spinal cordotomy in 2 patients with malignant thoracic astrocytoma. Both patients showed short-term memory loss, hallucinations of smells and psychiatric symptoms. Brain MRI on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences revealed high intensity lesions in bilateral temporal lobe areas. We considered that both patients had paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with astrocytoma because of various clinical and radiological features. But the possibility of intracranial dissemination of astrocytoma could not be fully excluded. The differential diagnosis between intracranial dissemination of spinal cord astrocytoma and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis may be sometimes difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morinobu Seki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan.
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Izawa Y, Takahashi S, Suzuki N. Pioglitazone enhances pyruvate and lactate oxidation in cultured neurons but not in cultured astroglia. Brain Res 2009; 1305:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kurobe H, Urata M, Izawa Y, Fukuhara Y, Kanbara T, Aihara K, Tamaki T, Matsumoto T, Kitagawa T, Yoshizumi M, Tomita S. YI-812 HIF-1 SIGNALING PATHWAY PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE PROGRESSION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Miyanaga N, Azechi H, Tanaka KA, Kanabe T, Jitsuno T, Kawanaka J, Fujimoto Y, Kodama R, Shiraga H, Knodo K, Tsubakimoto K, Habara H, Lu J, Xu G, Morio N, Matsuo S, Miyaji E, Kawakami Y, Izawa Y, Mima K. 10-kJ PW laser for the FIREX-I program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:2006133016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Takahashi M, Sugiuchi Y, Izawa Y, Shinoda Y. Commissural excitation and inhibition by the superior colliculus in tectoreticular neurons projecting to omnipause neuron and inhibitory burst neuron regions. J Neurophysiol 2005; 94:1707-26. [PMID: 16105954 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00347.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous electrophysiological studies have shown that the commissural connections between the two superior colliculi are mainly inhibitory with fewer excitatory connections. However, the functional roles of the commissural connections are not well understood, so we sought to clarify the physiology of tectal commissural excitation and inhibition of tectoreticular neurons (TRNs) in the "fixation " and "saccade " zones of the superior colliculus (SC). By recording intracellular potentials, we identified TRNs by their antidromic responses to stimulation of the omnipause neuron (OPN) and inhibitory burst neuron (IBN) regions and analyzed the effects of stimulation of the contralateral SC on these TRNs in anesthetized cats. TRNs in the caudal SC (saccade neurons) projected to the IBN region, and received mono- or disynaptic inhibition from the entire rostrocaudal extent of the contralateral SC. In contrast, TRNs in the rostral SC projected to the OPN or IBN region and received monosynaptic excitation from the most rostral level of the contralateral SC, and mono- or disynaptic inhibition from its entire rostrocaudal extent. Among the rostral TRNs with commissural excitation, IBN-projecting TRNs also projected to Forel's field H (vertical gaze center), suggesting that they were most likely saccade neurons related to vertical saccades. In contrast, TRNs projecting only to the OPN region were most likely fixation neurons. Most putative inhibitory neurons in the rostral SC had multiple axon branches throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the contralateral SC, whereas excitatory commissural neurons, most of which were rostral TRNs, distributed terminals to a discrete region in the rostral SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takahashi
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Kodama R, Sentoku Y, Chen ZL, Kumar GR, Hatchett SP, Toyama Y, Cowan TE, Freeman RR, Fuchs J, Izawa Y, Key MH, Kitagawa Y, Kondo K, Matsuoka T, Nakamura H, Nakatsutsumi M, Norreys PA, Norimatsu T, Snavely RA, Stephens RB, Tampo M, Tanaka KA, Yabuuchi T. Plasma devices to guide and collimate a high density of MeV electrons. Nature 2005; 432:1005-8. [PMID: 15616556 DOI: 10.1038/nature03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of ultra-intense lasers has facilitated new studies in laboratory astrophysics and high-density nuclear science, including laser fusion. Such research relies on the efficient generation of enormous numbers of high-energy charged particles. For example, laser-matter interactions at petawatt (10(15) W) power levels can create pulses of MeV electrons with current densities as large as 10(12) A cm(-2). However, the divergence of these particle beams usually reduces the current density to a few times 10(6) A cm(-2) at distances of the order of centimetres from the source. The invention of devices that can direct such intense, pulsed energetic beams will revolutionize their applications. Here we report high-conductivity devices consisting of transient plasmas that increase the energy density of MeV electrons generated in laser-matter interactions by more than one order of magnitude. A plasma fibre created on a hollow-cone target guides and collimates electrons in a manner akin to the control of light by an optical fibre and collimator. Such plasma devices hold promise for applications using high energy-density particles and should trigger growth in charged particle optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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45
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Sugiuchi Y, Izawa Y, Takahashi M, Na J, Shinoda Y. Physiological Characterization of Synaptic Inputs to Inhibitory Burst Neurons From the Rostral and Caudal Superior Colliculus. J Neurophysiol 2005; 93:697-712. [PMID: 15653784 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00502.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The caudal superior colliculus (SC) contains movement neurons that fire during saccades and the rostral SC contains fixation neurons that fire during visual fixation, suggesting potentially different functions for these 2 regions. To study whether these areas might have different projections, we characterized synaptic inputs from the rostral and caudal SC to inhibitory burst neurons (IBNs) in anesthetized cats. We recorded intracellular potentials from neurons in the IBN region and identified them as IBNs based on their antidromic activation from the contralateral abducens nucleus and short-latency excitation from the contralateral caudal SC and/or single-cell morphology. IBNs received disynaptic inhibition from the ipsilateral caudal SC and disynaptic inhibition from the rostral SC on both sides. Stimulation of the contralateral IBN region evoked monosynaptic inhibition in IBNs, which was enhanced by preconditioning stimulation of the ipsilateral caudal SC. A midline section between the IBN regions eliminated inhibition from the ipsilateral caudal SC, but inhibition from the rostral SC remained unaffected, indicating that the latter inhibition was mediated by inhibitory interneurons other than IBNs. A transverse section of the brain stem rostral to the pause neuron (PN) region eliminated inhibition from the rostral SC, suggesting that this inhibition is mediated by PNs. These results indicate that the most rostral SC inhibits bilateral IBNs, most likely via PNs, and the more caudal SC exerts monosynaptic excitation on contralateral IBNs and antagonistic inhibition on ipsilateral IBNs via contralateral IBNs. The most rostral SC may play roles in maintaining fixation by inhibition of burst neurons and facilitating saccadic initiation by releasing their inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sugiuchi
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Ebata S, Sugiuchi Y, Izawa Y, Shinomiya K, Shinoda Y. Vestibular projection to the periarcuate cortex in the monkey. Neurosci Res 2004; 49:55-68. [PMID: 15099704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2004.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Accepted: 01/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vestibular inputs to the cerebral cortex are important for spatial orientation, body equilibrium, and head and eye movements. We examined vestibular input to the periarcuate cortex in the Japanese monkey by analyzing laminar field potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve. Laminar field potential analysis in the depths of the cerebral cortex showed that vestibular-evoked potentials consisted of early-positive and late-negative potentials and early-negative and late-positive potentials in the superficial and deep layers of the periarcuate cortex, respectively, with latencies of 4.8-6.3 ms, suggesting that these potentials were directly conveyed to the cortex through the thalamus. These potentials were distributed continuously in the fundus, dorsal and ventral banks of the spur and the bottom of the junctional part of the arcuate sulcus and spur. This vestibular-projecting area overlapped the cortical distribution of corticovestibular neurons that were retrogradely labeled by tracer injection into the vestibular nuclei (previously reported area 6 pa), and also the distribution of smooth pursuit-related neurons recorded in the periarcuate cortex including area 8 in a trained monkey. These results are discussed in relation to the function of vestibular information in control of smooth pursuit and efferents of the smooth pursuit-related frontal eye field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ebata
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
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47
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Okihara S, Esirkepov TZ, Nagai K, Shimizu S, Sato F, Hashida M, Iida T, Nishihara K, Norimatsu T, Izawa Y, Sakabe S. Ion generation in a low-density plastic foam by interaction with intense femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 69:026401. [PMID: 14995560 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.026401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Energetic proton generation in low-density plastic (C5H10) foam by intense femtosecond laser pulse irradiation has been studied experimentally and numerically. Plastic foam was successfully produced by a sol-gel method, achieving an average density of 10 mg/cm(3). The foam target was irradiated by 100 fs pulses of a laser intensity 1 x 10(18) W/cm(2). A plateau structure extending up to 200 keV was observed in the energy distribution of protons generated from the foam target, with the plateau shape well explained by Coulomb explosion of lamella in the foam. The laser-foam interaction and ion generation were studied qualitatively by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, which indicated that energetic protons are mainly generated by the Coulomb explosion. From the results, the efficiency of energetic ion generation in a low-density foam target by Coulomb explosion is expected to be higher than in a gas-cluster target.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Okihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Yoshida H, Ishii E, Kodama R, Fujita H, Kitagawa Y, Izawa Y, Yamanaka T. High-power and high-contrast optical parametric chirped pulse amplification in beta-BaB2O4 crystal. Opt Lett 2003; 28:257-259. [PMID: 12653364 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a high-power laser system based on optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification in a beta-BaB2O4 crystal. The system provides gain of 10(8), a conversion efficiency of approximately 23%, an output energy of -65 mJ, and good amplified beam quality. The prepulse ratio has been measured to be 1.5 x 10(-8) or less. The spectral width was as broad as 16.5 nm centered at 1053 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoshida
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan.
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Tanifuji T, Jitsukawa S, Nasu* S, Moon A, Mori K, Nishikawa S, Yamanaka M, Izawa Y. Tritium Release from Silica Glass. Fusion Science and Technology 2002. [DOI: 10.13182/fst02-a22726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Tanifuji
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195 Japan +81-29-282-5435
| | - S. Jitsukawa
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195 Japan +81-29-282-5435
| | - S. Nasu*
- Kanazawa Institute of Technology Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8501 Japan +81-76-294-6857
| | - A. Moon
- Kanazawa Institute of Technology Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8501 Japan +81-76-294-6857
| | - K. Mori
- Kanazawa Institute of Technology Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8501 Japan +81-76-294-6857
| | - S. Nishikawa
- Kanazawa Institute of Technology Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8501 Japan +81-76-294-6857
| | - M. Yamanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Y. Izawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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Suzuki S, Izawa Y, Kobayashi K, Eto Y, Yamanaka S, Kubota K, Yokozeki K. Purification and characterization of novel transglutaminase from Bacillus subtilis spores. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2000; 64:2344-51. [PMID: 11193401 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.64.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase activity was detected in suspensions of purified spores prepared from lysozyme-treated sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis AJ 1307. The enzyme was easily solubilized from the spores upon incubation at pH 10.5 at 37 degrees C. The transglutaminase activity was separated into two fractions upon purification by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (TG1 and TG2). Each enzyme was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity (about 1,000-fold). Both enzymes had the same molecular weight of 29,000 as estimated by SDS-PAGE, had the same N-terminal 30 amino acid sequence, and also showed the same optimal temperature (60 degrees C) and pH (8.2). The purified enzyme catalyzed formation of cross-linked epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine isopeptides, resulting in the gel-formation of protein solutions such as alphas-casein and BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suzuki
- Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
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