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Tian X, Wang G, Teng F, Xue X, Pan J, Mao Q, Guo D, Song X, Ma K. Zhi Zi Chi decoction (Gardeniae fructus and semen Sojae Praeparatum) attenuates anxious depression via modulating microbiota-gut-brain axis in corticosterone combined with chronic restraint stress-induced mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14519. [PMID: 37905694 PMCID: PMC11017446 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a critical role in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly anxious depression, and attracts more attention gradually. Zhi Zi Chi decoction (ZZCD) consisting of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis and Glycine max (L.) Merr, is a classic formula in clinic and widely applied in anxiety and depression treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms of regulating microbiota-gut-brain axis in the treatment of anxious depression by oral administration of ZZCD remain elusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this project, we clarified the origin and preparation methods of the Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis and Glycine max (L.) Merr and examined the chemical ingredients of ZZCD by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer. Then, corticosterone combined with chronic restraint stress was applied to establish an anxious depression model. After treated with ZZCD standard decoction, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 16S rRNA technology, high-throughput sequencing, quantitative RT-PCR and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the multiple associations between nucleus accumbens and intestinal flora in anxious depression mice were determined to clarify the mechanism of ZZCD in the treatment of anxiety and depression disorder. RESULTS We found various substances with antidepressant and antianxiety properties in ZZCD such as rosiridin and oleanolic acid. ZZCD could alleviate depressive and anxiety behaviors in anxious depression mice via regulating the disturbance of gut microbiota. Meanwhile, the bioactive compounds of ZZCD might directly active on neurodevelopment and neuroimmune-related genes. Furthermore, the secretion of prolactin and estrogen, and interfering with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways were mainly involved in the multi-target therapeutic effects of ZZCD against anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that ZZCD exerts antidepressant effects pleiotropically through modulating the microbiota-gut-brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhe Tian
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Guangyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Fei Teng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Xiaoyan Xue
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Jin Pan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Qiancheng Mao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Dongjing Guo
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Xiaobin Song
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
- Shandong Co‐Innovation Center of Classic TCM FormulaShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Ke Ma
- Shandong Co‐Innovation Center of Classic TCM FormulaShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
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Peng Z, Man Q, Meng L, Wang S, Cai H, Zhang C, Li X, Wang H, Zhu G. A PITX2-HTR1B pathway regulates the asymmetric development of female gonads in chickens. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad202. [PMID: 37388922 PMCID: PMC10304771 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
All female vertebrates develop a pair of ovaries except for birds, in which only the left gonad develops into an ovary, whereas the right gonad regresses. Previous studies found that the transcription factor Paired-Like Homeodomain 2 (PITX2), a key mediator for left/right morphogenesis in vertebrates, was also implicated in asymmetric gonadal development in chickens. In this study, we systematically screened and validated the signaling pathways that could be targeted by Pitx2 to control unilateral gonad development. Integrated chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses indicated that Pitx2 directly binds to the promoters of genes encoding neurotransmitter receptors and leads to left-biased expression of both serotonin and dopamine receptors. Forcibly activating serotonin receptor 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1B (HTR1B) signaling could induce ovarian gene expression and cell proliferation to partially rescue the degeneration of the right gonad. In contrast, inhibiting serotonin signaling could block the development of the left gonad. These findings reveal a PITX2-HTR1B genetic pathway that guides the left-specific ovarian growth in chickens. We also provided new evidence showing neurotransmitters stimulate the growth of nonneuronal cells during the early development of reproductive organs well before innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sheng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hao Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Chuansheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, China
| | - Xianyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Heng Wang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: (G.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Guiyu Zhu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: (G.Z.); (H.W.)
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5-HT Receptors and the Development of New Antidepressants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169015. [PMID: 34445721 PMCID: PMC8396477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin modulates several physiological and cognitive pathways throughout the human body that affect emotions, memory, sleep, and thermal regulation. The complex nature of the serotonergic system and interactions with other neurochemical systems indicate that the development of depression may be mediated by various pathomechanisms, the common denominator of which is undoubtedly the disturbed transmission in central 5-HT synapses. Therefore, the deliberate pharmacological modulation of serotonergic transmission in the brain seems to be one of the most appropriate strategies for the search for new antidepressants. As discussed in this review, the serotonergic system offers great potential for the development of new antidepressant therapies based on the combination of SERT inhibition with different pharmacological activity towards the 5-HT system. The aim of this article is to summarize the search for new antidepressants in recent years, focusing primarily on the possibility of benefiting from interactions with various 5-HT receptors in the pharmacotherapy of depression.
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An interim internal Threshold of Toxicologic Concern (iTTC) for chemicals in consumer products, with support from an automated assessment of ToxCast™ dose response data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 114:104656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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De Deurwaerdère P, Bharatiya R, Chagraoui A, Di Giovanni G. Constitutive activity of 5-HT receptors: Factual analysis. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:107967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Żmudzka E, Sałaciak K, Sapa J, Pytka K. Serotonin receptors in depression and anxiety: Insights from animal studies. Life Sci 2018; 210:106-124. [PMID: 30144453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin regulates many physiological processes including sleep, appetite, and mood. Thus, serotonergic system is an important target in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, such as major depression and anxiety. This natural neurotransmitter interacts with 7 families of its receptors (5-HT1-7), which cause a variety of pharmacological effects. Using genetically modified animals and selective or preferential agonists and antagonist, numerous studies demonstrated the involvement of almost all serotonin receptor subtypes in antidepressant- or anxiolytic-like effects. In this review, based on animal studies, we discuss the possible involvement of serotonin receptor subtypes in depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Żmudzka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałaciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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The 5-HT 1B receptor - a potential target for antidepressant treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1317-1334. [PMID: 29546551 PMCID: PMC5919989 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. The serotonin hypothesis may be the model of MDD pathophysiology with the most support. The majority of antidepressants enhance synaptic serotonin levels quickly, while it usually takes weeks to discern MDD treatment effect. It has been hypothesized that the time lag between serotonin increase and reduction of MDD symptoms is due to downregulation of inhibitory receptors such as the serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR). The research on 5-HT1BR has previously been hampered by a lack of selective ligands for the receptor. The last extensive review of 5-HT1BR in the pathophysiology of depression was published 2009, and based mainly on findings from animal studies. Since then, selective radioligands for in vivo quantification of brain 5-HT1BR binding with positron emission tomography has been developed, providing new knowledge on the role of 5-HT1BR in MDD and its treatment. The main focus of this review is the role of 5-HT1BR in relation to MDD and its treatment, although studies of 5-HT1BR in obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol dependence, and cocaine dependence are also reviewed. The evidence outlined range from animal models of disease, effects of 5-HT1B receptor agonists and antagonists, case-control studies of 5-HT1B receptor binding postmortem and in vivo, with positron emission tomography, to clinical studies of 5-HT1B receptor effects of established treatments for MDD. Low 5-HT1BR binding in limbic regions has been found in MDD patients. When 5-HT1BR ligands are administered to animals, 5-HT1BR agonists most consistently display antidepressant-like properties, though it is not yet clear how 5-HT1BR is best approached for optimal MDD treatment.
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Functional Characterization of 5-HT 1B Receptor Drugs in Nonhuman Primates Using Simultaneous PET-MR. J Neurosci 2017; 37:10671-10678. [PMID: 28972127 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1971-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we used a simultaneous PET-MR experimental design to investigate the effects of functionally different compounds (agonist, partial agonist, and antagonist) on 5-HT1B receptor (5-HT1BR) occupancy and the associated hemodynamic responses. In anesthetized male nonhuman primates (n = 3), we used positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the radioligand [11C]AZ10419369 administered as a bolus followed by constant infusion to measure changes in 5-HT1BR occupancy. Simultaneously, we measured changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) as a proxy of drug effects on neuronal activity. The 5-HT1BR partial agonist AZ10419369 elicited a dose-dependent biphasic hemodynamic response that was related to the 5-HT1BR occupancy. The magnitude of the response was spatially overlapping with high cerebral 5-HT1BR densities. High doses of AZ10419369 exerted an extracranial tissue vasoconstriction that was comparable to the less blood-brain barrier-permeable 5-HT1BR agonist sumatriptan. By contrast, injection of the antagonist GR127935 did not elicit significant hemodynamic responses, even at a 5-HT1BR cerebral occupancy similar to the one obtained with a high dose of AZ10419369. Given the knowledge we have of the 5-HT1BR and its function and distribution in the brain, the hemodynamic response informs us about the functionality of the given drug: changes in CBV are only produced when the receptor is stimulated by the partial agonist AZ10419369 and not by the antagonist GR127935, consistent with low basal occupancy by endogenous serotonin.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We here show that combined simultaneous positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging uniquely enables the assessment of CNS active compounds. We conducted a series of pharmacological interventions to interrogate 5-HT1B receptor binding and function and determined blood-brain barrier passage of drugs and demonstrate target involvement. Importantly, we show how the spatial and temporal effects on brain hemodynamics provide information about pharmacologically driven downstream CNS drug effects; the brain hemodynamic response shows characteristic dose-related effects that differ depending on agonistic or antagonistic drug characteristics and on local 5-HT1B receptor density. The technique lends itself to a comprehensive in vivo investigation and understanding of drugs' effects in the brain.
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Phillips MB, Leonard JA, Grulke CM, Chang DT, Edwards SW, Brooks R, Goldsmith MR, El-Masri H, Tan YM. A Workflow to Investigate Exposure and Pharmacokinetic Influences on High-Throughput in Vitro Chemical Screening Based on Adverse Outcome Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:53-60. [PMID: 25978103 PMCID: PMC4710605 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) link adverse effects in individuals or populations to a molecular initiating event (MIE) that can be quantified using in vitro methods. Practical application of AOPs in chemical-specific risk assessment requires incorporation of knowledge on exposure, along with absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of chemicals. OBJECTIVES We developed a conceptual workflow to examine exposure and ADME properties in relation to an MIE. The utility of this workflow was evaluated using a previously established AOP, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. METHODS Thirty chemicals found to inhibit human AChE in the ToxCast™ assay were examined with respect to their exposure, absorption potential, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Structures of active chemicals were compared against structures of 1,029 inactive chemicals to detect possible parent compounds that might have active metabolites. RESULTS Application of the workflow screened 10 "low-priority" chemicals of 30 active chemicals. Fifty-two of the 1,029 inactive chemicals exhibited a similarity threshold of ≥ 75% with their nearest active neighbors. Of these 52 compounds, 30 were excluded due to poor absorption or distribution. The remaining 22 compounds may inhibit AChE in vivo either directly or as a result of metabolic activation. CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of exposure and ADME properties into the conceptual workflow eliminated 10 "low-priority" chemicals that may otherwise have undergone additional, resource-consuming analyses. Our workflow also increased confidence in interpretation of in vitro results by identifying possible "false negatives." CITATION Phillips MB, Leonard JA, Grulke CM, Chang DT, Edwards SW, Brooks R, Goldsmith MR, El-Masri H, Tan YM. 2016. A workflow to investigate exposure and pharmacokinetic influences on high-throughput in vitro chemical screening based on adverse outcome pathways. Environ Health Perspect 124:53-60; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin B. Phillips
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeremy A. Leonard
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen W. Edwards
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raina Brooks
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Hisham El-Masri
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yu-Mei Tan
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Measurement of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of neuroactive compounds. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 37:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Aloyo VJ, Berg KA, Clarke WP, Spampinato U, Harvey JA. Inverse Agonism at Serotonin and Cannabinoid Receptors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2010; 91:1-40. [DOI: 10.1016/s1877-1173(10)91001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Farvolden P, Kennedy SH, Lam RW. Recent developments in the psychobiology and pharmacotherapy of depression: optimising existing treatments and novel approaches for the future. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2003; 12:65-86. [PMID: 12517255 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.12.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Effective antidepressants include monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and novel agents, including serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors. Although effective, current treatments most often produce partial symptomatic improvement (response) rather than symptom resolution and optimal functioning (remission). While current pharmacotherapies target monoaminergic systems, different symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) may have distinct neurobiological underpinnings and other neurobiological systems are likely involved in the pathogenesis of MDD. In this article a review of current pharmacotherapeutic options for MDD, current understanding of the neurobiology and pathogenesis of MDD and a review of new and promising directions in pharmacological research will be provided. It is generally accepted that no single neurotransmitter or system is responsible for the dysregulation found in MDD. While agents that affect monoaminergic systems will likely continue to be first-line treatments for MDD for the foreseeable future, a number of new and novel agents, including corticotropin-releasing factor antagonists, substance P antagonists and antiglucocorticoids show considerable promise for refining treatment options. In order to better understand the neurobiology and treatment response of MDD, it is probable that more sophisticated theory-driven typologies of MDD will have to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Farvolden
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.
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