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Daněk J, Danačíková Š, Kala D, Svoboda J, Kapoor S, Pošusta A, Folbergrová J, Tauchmannová K, Mráček T, Otáhal J. Sulforaphane Ameliorates Metabolic Changes Associated With Status Epilepticus in Immature Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:855161. [PMID: 35370554 PMCID: PMC8965559 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.855161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a common paediatric emergency with the highest incidence in the neonatal period and is a well-known epileptogenic insult. As previously established in various experimental and human studies, SE induces long-term alterations to brain metabolism, alterations that directly contribute to the development of epilepsy. To influence these changes, organic isothiocyanate compound sulforaphane (SFN) has been used in the present study for its known effect of enhancing antioxidative, cytoprotective, and metabolic cellular properties via the Nrf2 pathway. We have explored the effect of SFN in a model of acquired epilepsy induced by Li-Cl pilocarpine in immature rats (12 days old). Energy metabolites PCr, ATP, glucose, glycogen, and lactate were determined by enzymatic fluorimetric methods during the acute phase of SE. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot (WB) analysis. Neuronal death was scored on the FluoroJadeB stained brain sections harvested 24 h after SE. To assess the effect of SFN on glucose metabolism we have performed a series of 18F-DG μCT/PET recordings 1 h, 1 day, and 3 weeks after the induction of SE. Responses of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to electrical stimulation and their influence by SFN were evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). We have demonstrated that the Nrf2 pathway is upregulated in the CNS of immature rats after SFN treatment. In the animals that had undergone SE, SFN was responsible for lowering glucose uptake in most regions 1 h after the induction of SE. Moreover, SFN partially reversed hypometabolism observed after 24 h and achieved full reversal at approximately 3 weeks after SE. Since no difference in cell death was observed in SFN treated group, these changes cannot be attributed to differences in neurodegeneration. SFN per se did not affect the glucose uptake at any given time point suggesting that SFN improves endogenous CNS ability to adapt to the epileptogenic insult. Furthermore, we had discovered that SFN improves blood flow and accelerates CBF response to electrical stimulation. Our findings suggest that SFN improves metabolic changes induced by SE which have been identified during epileptogenesis in various animal models of acquired epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Daněk
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Šárka Danačíková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Kala
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sonam Kapoor
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Antonín Pošusta
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Tomáš Mráček
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Otáhal
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jakub Otáhal,
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Kovács R, Gerevich Z, Friedman A, Otáhal J, Prager O, Gabriel S, Berndt N. Bioenergetic Mechanisms of Seizure Control. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:335. [PMID: 30349461 PMCID: PMC6187982 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by the regular occurrence of seizures, which follow a stereotypical sequence of alterations in the electroencephalogram. Seizures are typically a self limiting phenomenon, concluding finally in the cessation of hypersynchronous activity and followed by a state of decreased neuronal excitability which might underlie the cognitive and psychological symptoms the patients experience in the wake of seizures. Many efforts have been devoted to understand how seizures spontaneously stop in hope to exploit this knowledge in anticonvulsant or neuroprotective therapies. Besides the alterations in ion-channels, transmitters and neuromodulators, the successive build up of disturbances in energy metabolism have been suggested as a mechanism for seizure termination. Energy metabolism and substrate supply of the brain are tightly regulated by different mechanisms called neurometabolic and neurovascular coupling. Here we summarize the current knowledge whether these mechanisms are sufficient to cover the energy demand of hypersynchronous activity and whether a mismatch between energy need and supply could contribute to seizure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kovács
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Neurophysiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoltan Gerevich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Neurophysiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alon Friedman
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.,Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jakub Otáhal
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ofer Prager
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Siegrun Gabriel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Neurophysiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Berndt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Computational and Imaging Science in Cardiovascular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Govil-Dalela T, Kumar A, Behen M, Chugani HT, Juhász C. Evolution of lobar abnormalities of cerebral glucose metabolism in 41 children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia 2018; 59:1307-1315. [PMID: 29786852 PMCID: PMC6031462 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed long-term changes of lobar glucose metabolic abnormalities in relation to clinical seizure variables and development in a large group of children with medically refractory epilepsy. METHODS Forty-one children (25 males) with drug-resistant epilepsy had a baseline positron emission tomography (PET) scan at a median age of 4.7 years; the scans were repeated after a median of 4.3 years. Children with progressive neurological disorders or space-occupying lesion-related epilepsy and those who had undergone epilepsy surgery were excluded. The number of affected lobes on 2-deoxy-2(18 F)-fluoro-D-glucose-PET at baseline and follow-up was correlated with epilepsy variables and developmental outcome. RESULTS On the initial PET scan, 24 children had unilateral and 13 had bilateral glucose hypometabolism, whereas 4 children had normal scans. On the follow-up scan, 63% of the children showed an interval expansion of the hypometabolic region, and this progression was associated with persistent seizures. In contrast, 27% showed less extensive glucose hypometabolism at follow-up; most of these subjects manifested a major interval decrease in seizure frequency. Delayed development was observed in 21 children (51%) at baseline and 28 (68%) at follow-up. The extent of glucose hypometabolism at baseline correlated with developmental levels at the time of both baseline (r = .31, P = .05) and follow-up scans (r = .27, P = .09). SIGNIFICANCE In this PET study of unoperated children with focal epilepsy, the lobar pattern of glucose hypometabolism changed over time in 90% of the cases. The results support the notion of an expansion of metabolic dysfunction in children with persistent frequent seizures and its association with developmental delay, and support that optimized medical treatment to control seizures may contribute to better neurocognitive outcome if no surgery can be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Govil-Dalela
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Behen
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Harry T. Chugani
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nemours A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Csaba Juhász
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Hertz L, Chen Y. Additional mechanisms for brain activation failure due to reduced glucose metabolism-a commentary on Zilberter and Zilberter: The vicious circle of hypometabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:757-761. [PMID: 29095528 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leif Hertz
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Chen
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland
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Bazzigaluppi P, Ebrahim Amini A, Weisspapir I, Stefanovic B, Carlen PL. Hungry Neurons: Metabolic Insights on Seizure Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112269. [PMID: 29143800 PMCID: PMC5713239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy afflicts up to 1.6% of the population and the mechanisms underlying the appearance of seizures are still not understood. In past years, many efforts have been spent trying to understand the mechanisms underlying the excessive and synchronous firing of neurons. Traditionally, attention was pointed towards synaptic (dys)function and extracellular ionic species (dys)regulation. Recently, novel clinical and preclinical studies explored the role of brain metabolism (i.e., glucose utilization) of seizures pathophysiology revealing (in most cases) reduced metabolism in the inter-ictal period and increased metabolism in the seconds preceding and during the appearance of seizures. In the present review, we summarize the clinical and preclinical observations showing metabolic dysregulation during epileptogenesis, seizure initiation, and termination, and in the inter-ictal period. Recent preclinical studies have shown that 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG, a glycolysis blocker) is a novel therapeutic approach to reduce seizures. Furthermore, we present initial evidence for the effectiveness of 2-DG in arresting 4-Aminopyridine induced neocortical seizures in vivo in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bazzigaluppi
- Krembil Research Institute, Fundamental Neurobiology, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Medical Biophysics, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Azin Ebrahim Amini
- Krembil Research Institute, Fundamental Neurobiology, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
| | - Iliya Weisspapir
- Krembil Research Institute, Fundamental Neurobiology, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Medical Biophysics, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Peter L Carlen
- Krembil Research Institute, Fundamental Neurobiology, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Department of Medicine & Physiology, and Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Zhang H, Gao G, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Li H, Dong S, Ma W, Liu B, Wang W, Wu H, Zhang H. Glucose Deficiency Elevates Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 2a Expression and Increases Seizure Susceptibility in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5870. [PMID: 28725010 PMCID: PMC5517604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain hypometabolism is a common epilepsy-related finding in both patients and animal models. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography studies have shown that recurrent seizures lead to reduced glucose metabolism in certain brain regions, but no studies have definitively determined whether this induces epileptogenesis. There is evidence that acid-sensing ion channel 2a (ASIC2a) affects epilepsy susceptibility. Transcription factor CP2 (TFCP2) regulates ASIC2a expression. We report that suppressed TFCP2 expression and elevated ASIC2a expression were associated with glucose hypometabolism in the hippocampi of humans with epilepsy and of rat epilepsy model brains. In cultured PC12 cells, we determined that glucose deficiency led to TFCP2 downregulating ASIC2a. Moreover, electrophysiological recordings from cultured rat hippocampal slices showed that ASIC2a overexpression resulted in more action potentials in CA1 pyramidal neurons and increased seizure susceptibility. Our findings suggest that hippocampal glucose hypometabolism elevates ASIC2a expression by suppressing TFCP2 expression, which further enhances the intrinsic excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons and increases seizure susceptibility in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanfa Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China.
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Zilberter Y, Zilberter M. The vicious circle of hypometabolism in neurodegenerative diseases: Ways and mechanisms of metabolic correction. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:2217-2235. [PMID: 28463438 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypometabolism, characterized by decreased brain glucose consumption, is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Initial hypometabolic brain state, created by characteristic risk factors, may predispose the brain to acquired epilepsy and sporadic Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, which are the focus of this review. Analysis of available data suggests that deficient glucose metabolism is likely a primary initiating factor for these diseases, and that resulting neuronal dysfunction further promotes the metabolic imbalance, establishing an effective positive feedback loop and a downward spiral of disease progression. Therefore, metabolic correction leading to the normalization of abnormalities in glucose metabolism may be an efficient tool to treat the neurological disorders by counteracting their primary pathological mechanisms. Published and preliminary experimental results on this approach for treating Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy models support the efficacy of metabolic correction, confirming the highly promising nature of the strategy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Zilberter
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
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Calderón N, Betancourt L, Hernández L, Rada P. A ketogenic diet modifies glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid and agmatine levels in the hippocampus of rats: A microdialysis study. Neurosci Lett 2017; 642:158-162. [PMID: 28189745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is acknowledged as an unconventional option in the treatment of epilepsy. Several lines of investigation point to a possible role of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as main contributors in this protective effect. Other biomolecules could also be involved in the beneficial consequence of the KD, for example, the diamine agmatine has been suggested to block imidazole and glutamate NMDA receptor and serves as an endogenous anticonvulsant in different animal models of epilepsy. In the present report, we have used microdialysis coupled to capillary electrophoresis to monitor microdialysate levels of GABA, glutamate and agmatine in the hippocampus of rats submitted to a KD for 15days compared to rats on a normal rat chow diet. A significant increase in GABA and agmatine levels while no change in glutamate levels was observed. These results support the notion that the KD modifies different transmitters favoring inhibitory over excitatory neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Calderón
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Mérida, 5101-A, Venezuela
| | - Luis Betancourt
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Mérida, 5101-A, Venezuela
| | - Luis Hernández
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Mérida, 5101-A, Venezuela
| | - Pedro Rada
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Mérida, 5101-A, Venezuela.
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Subaran RL, Greenberg DA. The Genetics of Common Epilepsy Disorders: Lessons Learned from the Channelopathy Era. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-014-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Zeng T, Dong ZF, Liu SJ, Wan RP, Tang LJ, Liu T, Zhao QH, Shi YW, Yi YH, Liao WP, Long YS. A novel variant in the 3' UTR of human SCN1A gene from a patient with Dravet syndrome decreases mRNA stability mediated by GAPDH's binding. Hum Genet 2014; 133:801-11. [PMID: 24464349 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the SCN1A gene-encoding voltage-gated sodium channel α-I subunit (Nav1.1) cause various spectrum of epilepsies including Dravet syndrome (DS), a severe and intractable form. A large number of SCN1A mutations identified from the DS patients lead to the loss of function or truncation of Nav1.1 that result in a haploinsufficiency effects, indicating that the exact expression level of SCN1A should be essential to maintain normal brain function. In this study, we have identified five variants c.*1025T>C, c.*1031A>T, c.*1739C>T, c.*1794C>T and c.*1961C>T in the SCN1A 3' UTR in the patients with DS. The c.*1025T>C, c.*1031A>T and c.*1794C>T are conserved among different species. Of all the five variants, only c.*1794C>T is a novel variant and alters the predicted secondary structure of the 3' UTR. We also show that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) only binds to the 3' UTR sequence containing the mutation allele 1794U but not the wild-type allele 1794C, indicating that the mutation allele forms a new GAPDH-binding site. Functional analyses show that the variant negatively regulates the reporter gene expression by affecting the mRNA stability that is mediated by GAPDH's binding, and this phenomenon could be reversed by shRNA-induced GAPDH knockdown. These findings suggest that GAPDH and the 3'-UTR variant are involved in regulating SCN1A expression at post-transcriptional level, which may provide an important clue for further investigating on the relationship between 3'-UTR variants and SCN1A-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
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Harnessing the power of metabolism for seizure prevention: focus on dietary treatments. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 26:266-72. [PMID: 23110824 PMCID: PMC3562425 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The continued occurrence of refractory seizures in at least one-third of children and adults with epilepsy, despite the availability of almost 15 conventional and novel anticonvulsant drugs, speaks to a dire need to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Cellular metabolism, the critical pathway by which cells access and utilize energy, is essential for normal neuronal function. Furthermore, mounting evidence suggests direct links between energy metabolism and cellular excitability. The high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet has been used as a treatment for drug-refractory epilepsy for almost a century. Yet, the multitude of alternative therapies to target aspects of cellular metabolism and hyperexcitability is almost untapped. Approaches discussed in this review offer a wide diversity of therapeutic targets that might be exploited by investigators in the search for safer and more effective epilepsy treatments.
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Rho JM, Stafstrom CE. The ketogenic diet: What has science taught us? Epilepsy Res 2012; 100:210-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Jupp B, Williams J, Binns D, Hicks RJ, Cardamone L, Jones N, Rees S, O’Brien TJ. Hypometabolism precedes limbic atrophy and spontaneous recurrent seizures in a rat model of TLE. Epilepsia 2012; 53:1233-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Jiang Y, Yang Y, Wang S, Ding Y, Guo Y, Zhang MM, Wen SQ, Ding MP. Ketogenic diet protects against epileptogenesis as well as neuronal loss in amygdaloid-kindling seizures. Neurosci Lett 2011; 508:22-6. [PMID: 22178860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KD) have shown beneficial effects in terms of anticonvulsant and anti-epileptogenic properties in several experimental models. However, few studies have investigated the consequences of KD with regards to the anti-epileptogenic and neuroprotective effects in kindling-induced seizures. Here, postnatal day 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats received one of two experimental diets for 4 weeks: (a) a 'classic' 4:1 KD; and (b) a normal regular rodent chow diet (ND). Fully-kindled seizures were achieved by daily electrical stimulation in the amygdala. Seizure stage and after-discharge duration (ADD) were assessed daily. The after-discharge threshold (ADT) was measured every 5 days. The effects of the two diets on neuronal loss were observed before kindling and 20 days after stimulation by Nissl staining. We found that the progression of seizure stage and ADD was delayed by KD. KD prevented the ADT decrease on day 5. The incidence of generalized seizures was lower in the KD group compared to the ND group. The neuronal density was decreased in the ipsilateral hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 area, as well as the contralateral CA1 area before kindling in the KD group. However, KD prevented neuronal loss in the ipsilateral CA1 area 20 days after stimulation. Our data suggest that KD can protect against epileptogenesis by preventing both after-discharge generation and propagation in kindling seizures. In addition, KD also possesses a neuroprotective function during kindling although it changes hippocampal development in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Hallböök T, Ji S, Maudsley S, Martin B. The effects of the ketogenic diet on behavior and cognition. Epilepsy Res 2011; 100:304-9. [PMID: 21872440 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple forms of the ketogenic diet (KD) have been successfully used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy, however its mainstream use as a first-line therapy is still limited. Further investigation into its clinical efficacy as well as the molecular basis of activity is likely to assist in the reversal of any resistance to its implementation. In this review we shall attempt to elucidate the current state of experimental and clinical data concerning the neuroprotective and cognitive effects of the KD in both humans and animals. Generally, it has been shown by many research groups that effective implementation of KD exerts strong neuroprotective effects with respect to social behavior and cognition. We will also elucidate the role of KD in the interesting relationship between sleep, epilepsy and memory. Currently available evidence also indicates that, under appropriate control, and with further studies investigating any potential long-term side effects, the KD is also a relatively safe intervention, especially when compared to traditional anti-epileptic pharmacotherapeutics. In addition, due to its neuroprotective capacity, the KD may also hold potential benefit for the treatment of other neurological or neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Hallböök
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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In vivo mapping of temporospatial changes in glucose utilization in rat brain during epileptogenesis: an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose–small animal positron emission tomography study. Neuroscience 2009; 162:972-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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