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Radpour M, Khoshkroodian B, Asgari T, Pourbadie HG, Sayyah M. Interleukin 4 Reduces Brain Hyperexcitability after Traumatic Injury by Downregulating TNF-α, Upregulating IL-10/TGF-β, and Potential Directing Macrophage/Microglia to the M2 Anti-inflammatory Phenotype. Inflammation 2023; 46:1810-1831. [PMID: 37259014 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage/microglia are activated after Traumatic brain injury (TBI), transform to inflammatory phenotype (M1) and trigger neuroinflammation, which provokes epileptogenesis. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a well-known drive of macrophage/microglia to the anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2). We tested effect of IL-4 on speed of epileptogenesis, brain expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and lesion size in TBI-injured male rats. Rats underwent TBI by Controlled Cortical Impact. Then 100 ng IL-4 was injected into cerebral ventricles. One day after TBI, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling started and development of generalized seizures was recorded. The lesion size, cell survival rate, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, and Arginase1 (Arg1) was measured in the brain 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 5 days after TBI. Astrocytes and macrophage/microglia activation/polarization was assessed by GFAP/Arg1 and Iba1/Arg1 immunostaining. TBI-injured rats were kindled by 50% less PTZ injections than control and sham-operated rats. IL-4 did not change kindling rate in sham-operated rats but inhibited acceleration of kindling rate in the TBI-injured rats. IL-4 decreased damage volume and number of destroyed neurons. IL-4 stopped TNF-α whereas upregulated TGF-β, IL-10, and Arg1 expressions. Iba1/Arg1 positive macrophage/microglia was notably increased 48 h after IL-4 administration. IL-4 suppresses TBI-induced acceleration of epileptogenesis in rats by directing TBI neuroinflammation toward an anti-inflammatory tone and inhibition of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Radpour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Khoshkroodian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Tara Asgari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Sayyah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran.
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Activating toll-like receptor 4 after traumatic brain injury inhibits neuroinflammation and the accelerated development of seizures in rats. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114202. [PMID: 35970203 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling plays a detrimental role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathology. Pharmacologic or genetic inactivating TLR4 diminish TBI inflammation and neurological complications. Nonetheless, TLR4 priming alleviates TBI inflammation and seizure susceptibility. We investigated impact of postconditioning with TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) on TBI neuroinflammation and epileptogenesis in rats. TBI was induced in temporo-parietal cortex of rats by Controlled Cortical Impact device. Then rats received a single dose (0.1 μg/rat) of MPL by intracerebroventricular injection. After 24 h, CCI-injured rats received intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole 35 mg/kg once every other day until acquisition of generalized seizures. The injury size, number of survived neurons, and brain protein level of TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, and arginase1 (Arg1) were determined. Astrocytes and macrophage/microglia activation/polarization was assessed by double immunostaining with anti GFAP/Arg1 or anti Iba1/Arg1 antibodies. The CCI-injured rats developed generalized seizures after 5.9 ± 1.3 pentylenetetrazole injections (p < 0.001, compared to 12.3 ± 1.4 injections for sham-operated rats). MPL treatment returned the accelerated rate of epileptogenesis in TBI state to the sham-operated level. MPL did not change damage volume but attenuated number of dead neurons (p < 0.01). MPL decreased TNF-α overexpression (6 h post-TBI p < 0.0001), upregulated expression of TGF-β (48 h post-TBI, p < 0.0001), and IL-10 (48 h post-TBI, p < 0.0001) but did not change Arg1 expression. GFAP/Arg1 and Iba1/Arg1 positive cells were detected in TBI area with no significant change following MPL administration. MPL administration after TBI reduces vulnerability to seizure acquisition through down regulating neural death and inflammation, and up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines. This capacity along with the clinical safety, makes MPL a potential candidate for development of drugs against neurological deficits of TBI.
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Maniu I, Costea R, Maniu G, Neamtu BM. Inflammatory Biomarkers in Febrile Seizure: A Comprehensive Bibliometric, Review and Visualization Analysis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081077. [PMID: 34439695 PMCID: PMC8394500 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory markers association with many diseases is the subject of many articles and reviews. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric review and visualization analysis of inflammatory biomarkers (IB) in the context of febrile seizure (FS) patients. Methods: The study focused on IB in FS using (1) bibliometric analysis specific indicators and maps in order to analyze and present the network of authors, journals, universities, and countries, and (2) automated literature screening and unsupervised clustering approach for filtering and topic cluster identification. Results: We conducted a literature mining search on FS research, specifically IB in the context of FS, using the automated tools VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. Indices of the inflammatory response (in the context of febrile seizures) identified by the literature mining are (pro/anti-inflammatory) cytokines, such as interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, I-10, IL-22, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). The resulted bibliometric maps and topic clusters offer a comprehensive overview, the status and leading trends on existing research of inflammatory biomarkers in FS. Conclusion: The analysis using bibliometrics and review with graphical presentations can be useful in investigating and (better) understanding the relationship between FS and IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Maniu
- Research Center in Informatics and Information Technology, Mathematics and Informatics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lucian Blaga University, 550025 Sibiu, Romania;
- Research Compartment, Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 550166 Sibiu, Romania;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (B.M.N.)
| | - Raluca Costea
- Research Compartment, Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 550166 Sibiu, Romania;
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
- Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - George Maniu
- Research Center in Informatics and Information Technology, Mathematics and Informatics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lucian Blaga University, 550025 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Mihai Neamtu
- Research Compartment, Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 550166 Sibiu, Romania;
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Computer and Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Lucian Blaga University, 550025 Sibiu, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (B.M.N.)
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Cho KH, Fraser M, Xu B, Dean JM, Gunn AJ, Bennet L. Induction of Tertiary Phase Epileptiform Discharges after Postasphyxial Infusion of a Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonist in Preterm Fetal Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126593. [PMID: 34205464 PMCID: PMC8234830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are key immunomodulatory factors that can markedly ameliorate or exacerbate hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. We recently demonstrated that central infusion of the TLR7 agonist Gardiquimod (GDQ) following asphyxia was highly neuroprotective after 3 days but not 7 days of recovery. We hypothesize that this apparent transient neuroprotection is associated with modulation of seizure-genic processes and hemodynamic control. Methods: Fetuses received sham asphyxia or asphyxia induced by umbilical cord occlusion (20.9 ± 0.5 min) and were monitored continuously for 7 days. GDQ 3.34 mg or vehicle were infused intracerebroventricularly from 1 to 4 h after asphyxia. Results: GDQ infusion was associated with sustained moderate hypertension that resolved after 72 h recovery. Electrophysiologically, GDQ infusion was associated with reduced number and burden of postasphyxial seizures in the first 18 h of recovery (p < 0.05). Subsequently, GDQ was associated with induction of slow rhythmic epileptiform discharges (EDs) from 72 to 96 h of recovery (p < 0.05 vs asphyxia + vehicle). The total burden of EDs was associated with reduced numbers of neurons in the caudate nucleus (r2 = 0.61, p < 0.05) and CA1/2 hippocampal region (r2 = 0.66, p < 0.05). Conclusion: These data demonstrate that TLR7 activation by GDQ modulated blood pressure and suppressed seizures in the early phase of postasphyxial recovery, with subsequent prolonged induction of epileptiform activity. Speculatively, this may reflect delayed loss of early protection or contribute to differential neuronal survival in subcortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta H.T. Cho
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (K.H.T.C.); (M.F.); (J.M.D.); (L.B.)
| | - Mhoyra Fraser
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (K.H.T.C.); (M.F.); (J.M.D.); (L.B.)
| | - Bing Xu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China;
| | - Justin M. Dean
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (K.H.T.C.); (M.F.); (J.M.D.); (L.B.)
| | - Alistair J. Gunn
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (K.H.T.C.); (M.F.); (J.M.D.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-373-7499
| | - Laura Bennet
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (K.H.T.C.); (M.F.); (J.M.D.); (L.B.)
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Sun L, Shan W, Yang H, Liu R, Wu J, Wang Q. The Role of Neuroinflammation in Post-traumatic Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:646152. [PMID: 34122298 PMCID: PMC8194282 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.646152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the consequences after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which increases the morbidity and mortality of survivors. About 20% of patients with TBI will develop PTE, and at least one-third of them are resistant to conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Therefore, it is of utmost importance to explore the mechanisms underlying PTE from a new perspective. More recently, neuroinflammation has been proposed to play a significant role in epileptogenesis. This review focuses particularly on glial cells activation, peripheral leukocytes infiltration, inflammatory cytokines release and chronic neuroinflammation occurrence post-TBI. Although the immune response to TBI appears to be primarily pro-epileptogenic, further research is needed to clarify the causal relationships. A better understanding of how neuroinflammation contributes to the development of PTE is of vital importance. Novel prevention and treatment strategies based on the neuroinflammatory mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis are evidently needed. Search Strategy Search MeSH Terms in pubmed: "["Epilepsy"(Mesh)] AND "Brain Injuries, Traumatic"[Mesh]". Published in last 30 years. 160 results were founded. Full text available:145 results. Record screened manually related to Neuroinflammation and Post-traumatic epilepsy. Then finally 123 records were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Clinical Medicine of Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Clinical Medicine of Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huajun Yang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Clinical Medicine of Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Clinical Medicine of Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Clinical Medicine of Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Tang H, Wang X. PD-1 Is an Immune-Inflammatory Potential Biomarker in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of Intractable Epilepsy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7973123. [PMID: 33816631 PMCID: PMC7994088 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7973123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have demonstrated that immune and inflammatory factors play an important role in recurrent seizures. The PD-1-PD-L pathway plays a central and peripheral immunosuppressive role by regulating multiple signaling pathways during the inflammatory and immunologic processes. This study is aimed at assessing PD-1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from patients with intractable epilepsy. METHODS PD-1 levels were assessed in CSF and serum samples from 67 patients with intractable epilepsy (41 and 26 individuals with partial seizure and intractable status epilepticus, respectively) and 25 healthy controls, using flow cytometric analysis and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS Serum-PD-1+CD4+CD25high Treg levels in the experimental groups and the control group were 10.26 ± 2.53 (PS group), 35.95 ± 27.51 (ISE group), and 4.69 ± 2.44 (control group). In addition, CSF-PD-1 level in patients with epilepsy was higher than that in the control group (50.45 ± 29.56 versus 19.37 ± 4.51), indicating a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Interestingly, serum- and CSF-PD-1 levels in individuals with epilepsy were not affected by antiepileptic drug and treatment course, but by epilepsy onset level. Of note, the increase of CSF- and serum-PD-1 levels was more pronounced in subjects with intractable status epilepticus than those with partial seizure. CONCLUSION Serum- and CSF-PD-1 levels constitute a potential clinical diagnostic biomarker for intractable epilepsy and could also be used for differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
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Arulsamy A, Shaikh MF. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, the Pathological Key to Post-Traumatic Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1900-1908. [PMID: 32479057 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the detrimental outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI), resulting in recurrent seizures that impact daily life. However, the pathological relationship between PTE and TBI remains unclear, and commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AED) are ineffective against PTE. Fortunately, emerging research implicates neuroinflammation, particularly, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as the key mediator for PTE development. Thus, this review aims to examine the available literature regarding the role of TNF-α in PTE pathology and, subsequently, evaluate TNF-α as a possible target for its treatment. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on four databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus. Articles with relevance in investigating TNF-α expression in PTE were considered in this review. Critical evaluation of four articles that met the inclusion criteria suggests a proportional relationship between TNF-α expression and seizure susceptibilit and that neutralization or suppression of TNF-α release results in reduced susceptibility to seizures. In conclusion, this review elucidates the importance of TNF-α expression in epileptogenesis postinjury and urges future research to focus more on clinical studies involving TNF-α, which may provide clearer insight into PTE prevention, therefore improving the lives of PTE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Intrathecal Infusion of Autologous Adipose-Derived Regenerative Cells in Autoimmune Refractory Epilepsy: Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7104243. [PMID: 32190059 PMCID: PMC7066423 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective/Purpose. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) treatment in autoimmune refractory epilepsy. Patients. Six patients with proven or probable autoimmune refractory epilepsy (2 with Rasmussen encephalitis, 2 with antineuronal autoantibodies in serum, and 2 with possible FIRES) were included in the project with approval of the Bioethics Committee.
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Neuroinflammation in Post-Traumatic Epilepsy: Pathophysiology and Tractable Therapeutic Targets. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110318. [PMID: 31717556 PMCID: PMC6895909 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to increased morbidity and mortality for survivors. As post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is drug-resistant in at least one-third of patients, there is a clear need for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent epilepsy from developing after TBI, or to mitigate its severity. It has long been recognized that seizure activity is associated with a local immune response, characterized by the activation of microglia and astrocytes and the release of a plethora of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. More recently, increasing evidence also supports a causal role for neuroinflammation in seizure induction and propagation, acting both directly and indirectly on neurons to promote regional hyperexcitability. In this narrative review, we focus on key aspects of the neuroinflammatory response that have been implicated in epilepsy, with a particular focus on PTE. The contributions of glial cells, blood-derived leukocytes, and the blood–brain barrier will be explored, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. While the neuroinflammatory response to TBI appears to be largely pro-epileptogenic, further research is needed to clearly demonstrate causal relationships. This research has the potential to unveil new drug targets for PTE, and identify immune-based biomarkers for improved epilepsy prediction.
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Chen Q, Li M, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhong R, Lin W. Association between interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms and febrile seizure risk: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17167. [PMID: 31574823 PMCID: PMC6775346 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and the development of febrile seizures (FS) has been reported in multiple previous studies, which showed significantly higher serum IL-6 levels in FS patients than in control patients. However, the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. One previous study indicated an increased frequency of the -174 GG and -597 GG genotypes in FS patients. Although IL-6 gene polymorphisms may be associated with FS risk, this association remains a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE Considering the lack of meta-analyses addressing the possible association between IL-6 gene polymorphisms and the risk of FS, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis to determine the association of IL-6 gene polymorphisms (-572, -174, -597) with the risk of FS. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search in the PubMed, EMBASE, and WANFANG databases to collect eligible articles. The associations of IL-6 gene polymorphisms with FS risk were evaluated by calculating the pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The dominant, recessive, heterozygous, homozygous, and allele genetic models were used to calculate the combined ORs. RESULTS Our meta-analysis showed that IL-6 (-572, -174, -597) polymorphisms were significantly associated with susceptibility to FS. CONCLUSION This study provided knowledge regarding the association of IL-6 (572, 174, 597) polymorphisms with susceptibility to FS. The T allele and TT genotype may be associated with an increased risk for FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Chen
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, Ji Lin Province, China
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Choi J, Choi SA, Kim SY, Kim H, Lim BC, Hwang H, Chae JH, Kim KJ, Oh S, Shin JS. Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene Promotor Variant, Not Interleukin-10, with Febrile Seizures and Genetic Epilepsy with Febrile Seizure Plus. ANNALS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26815/acn.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Reduced cerebrospinal fluid levels of interleukin-10 in children with febrile seizures. Seizure 2019; 65:94-97. [PMID: 30658331 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The exact etiology of febrile seizures (FS) is still unclear. However, it is thought that cytokine network activation may have a causative role. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) as a proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10) as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and interferon-β (IFN-β), a marker of toll-like receptor-3 activation as a host response to viruses. These cytokine levels were analyzed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children after a FS. METHODS With the approval of the Human Research Ethics Committee, 76 patients with FS, who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) for the exclusion of central nervous system (CNS) infection, and who didn't have CSF pleocytosis, were included in the study. The control group consisted of 10 patients with similar ages, with an acute febrile illness and who required LP to exclude CNS infection. The analyses were made by the enzyme-linked immunoassay method. RESULTS Age, gender distribution and CSF IL-12 and IFN- β levels did not differ, but CSF IL-10 levels were significantly lower in the FS group as compared to the control group (0.78 ± 4.5 pg/ml, versus 27 ± 29 pg/ml, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The low-level of CSF IL-10, considering its anti-inflammatory properties, may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of FS.
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Tiwari D, Peariso K, Gross C. MicroRNA-induced silencing in epilepsy: Opportunities and challenges for clinical application. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:94-110. [PMID: 28850760 PMCID: PMC5740004 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are master regulators of gene expression. Single microRNAs influence multiple proteins within diverse molecular pathways and networks. Therefore, changes in levels or activity of microRNAs can have profound effects on cellular function. This makes dysregulated microRNA-induced silencing an attractive potential disease mechanism in complex disorders like epilepsy, where numerous cellular pathways and processes are affected simultaneously. Indeed, several years of research in rodent models have provided strong evidence that acute or recurrent seizures change microRNA expression and function. Moreover, altered microRNA expression has been observed in brain and blood from patients with various epilepsy disorders, such as tuberous sclerosis. MicroRNAs can be easily manipulated using sense or antisense oligonucleotides, opening up opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Here, we summarize studies using these techniques to identify microRNAs that modulate seizure susceptibility, describe protein targets mediating some of these effects, and discuss cellular pathways, for example neuroinflammation, that are controlled by epilepsy-associated microRNAs. We critically assess current gaps in knowledge regarding target- and cell-specificity of microRNAs that have to be addressed before clinical application as therapeutic targets or biomarkers. The recent progress in understanding microRNA function in epilepsy has generated strong momentum to encourage in-depth mechanistic studies to develop microRNA-targeted therapies. Developmental Dynamics 247:94-110, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Tiwari
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Katrina Peariso
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati, Ohio
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Christina Gross
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati, Ohio
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Leal B, Chaves J, Carvalho C, Rangel R, Santos A, Bettencourt A, Lopes J, Ramalheira J, Silva BM, da Silva AM, Costa PP. Brain expression of inflammatory mediators in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy patients. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 313:82-88. [PMID: 29153613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation may be central in epileptogenesis. In this study we analysed inflammatory reaction markers in brain tissue of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis (MTLE-HS) patients. TLR4, IL-1β and IL-10 gene expression as well as the presence of activated HLA-DR+ microglia was evaluated in 23 patients and 10 cadaveric controls. Inflammation characterized by the presence of HLA-DR+ microglia and TLR4, IL-1β overexpression was evident in hippocampus and anterior temporal cortex of MTLE-HS patients. Anti-inflammatory IL-10 was also overexpressed in MTLE-HS patients. Our results show that hippocampal neuroinflammation extends beyond lesional limits, as far as the anterior temporal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Leal
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS], Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Lab. Imunogenética, DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Chaves
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Carvalho
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS], Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Lab. Imunogenética, DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Rangel
- Serviço de Neurocirurgia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Santos
- Serviço de Patologia Forense, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e ciências Forenses - Delegação do Norte (INMLCF-DN), Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Bettencourt
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS], Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Lab. Imunogenética, DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lopes
- Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Ramalheira
- Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Berta M Silva
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS], Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Lab. Imunogenética, DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Martins da Silva
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS], Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo P Costa
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS], Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto Rua Pedro Nunes, n.° 88; 4099-032 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Kim K, Kwak BO, Kwon A, Ha J, Kim SJ, Bae SW, Son JS, Kim SN, Lee R. Analysis of plasma multiplex cytokines and increased level of IL-10 and IL-1Ra cytokines in febrile seizures. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:200. [PMID: 29017522 PMCID: PMC5635534 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile seizures are the most common form of childhood seizures. Fever generation involves many cytokines, including both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Some of these cytokines also induce febrile seizures. We compared cytokine production in children with a fever alone (healthy control group) and febrile seizure children group. Also, we evaluated the cytokine level of children with a fever alone and febrile seizure history. Methods Fifty febrile seizure patients and 39 normal control patients who visited the emergency department of Konkuk University Hospital from December 2015 to December 2016 were included in this study. Blood was taken from the peripheral vessels of children in all groups within 1 h of the seizure, and serum was obtained immediately. Serum samples from patients with only a fever and a febrile seizure history (N = 13) and afebrile seizure controls (N = 12) were also analyzed. Results The serum IL-10 and IL-1Ra levels were significantly higher in the febrile seizure patients than in the fever-only control, fever only with a febrile seizure history, and afebrile seizure groups (p < 0.05). The serum IFN-γ and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the febrile seizure patients than in the afebrile seizure group (p < 0.05). The serum IL-8 levels were higher in the febrile seizure patients than in the fever only controls (p < 0.05). Conclusions The serum levels of the IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines and the serum levels of the IL-10 and IL-1Ra anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in the febrile seizure children. Furthermore, the serum level of IL-1Ra was more increased in the febrile seizure group than in the same patients with only a fever. Our data suggest that increased serum IL-10 and IL-1Ra may play potential roles as anti-inflammatory cytokines in a compensation mechanism that shortens the seizure duration or prevents a febrile seizure attack. Therefore, anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 and IL-1Ra, have potential as therapeutic targets for the prevention of seizures and nervous system development of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ok Kwak
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aram Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongseok Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro (Hwayang-dong), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, Korea
| | - Sun Whan Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro (Hwayang-dong), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Son
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro (Hwayang-dong), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, Korea
| | - Soo-Nyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ran Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro (Hwayang-dong), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, Korea. .,International Healthcare Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
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16
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Anticonvulsant Effect of Swertiamarin Against Pilocarpine-Induced Seizures in Adult Male Mice. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:3103-3113. [PMID: 28681096 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the common and major neurological disorders, approximately a third of the individuals with epilepsy suffer from seizures and not able to successfully respond to available medications. Current study was designed to investigate whether Swertiamarin (Swe) had anticonvulsant activity in the pilocarpine (PILO)-treated mice. Thirty minutes prior to the PILO (280 mg/kg) injection, the mice were administrated with Swe (50, 150, and 450 mg/kg) and valproate sodium (VPA, 200 mg/kg) once. Seizures and electroencephalography (EEG) were observed, and then the mice were killed for Nissl, Fluoro-jade B (FJB) staining. Astrocytic activation was examined in the hippocampus. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). The results indicated that pretreatment with Swe (150, 450 mg/kg) and VPA (200 mg/kg) significantly delayed the onset of the first convulsion and reduced the incidence of status epilepticus and mortality. Analysis of EEG recordings demonstrated that Swe (150, 450 mg/kg) and VPA (200 mg/kg) sharply decreased epileptiform discharges. Furthermore, Nissl and FJB staining revealed that Swe (150, 450 mg/kg) and VPA (200 mg/kg) relieved the neuronal damage. Additionally, Swe (450 mg/kg) dramatically inhibited astrocytic activation. Western blot analysis showed that Swe (450 mg/kg) significantly decreased the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and elevated the expression of IL-10. Taken together, these findings revealed that Swe exerted anticonvulsant effects on PILO-treated mice. Further studies are encouraged to investigate these beneficial effects of Swe as an adjuvant in epilepsy.
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17
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Mkhize NVP, Qulu L, Mabandla MV. The Effect of Quercetin on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in a Prenatally Stressed Rat Model of Febrile Seizures. J Exp Neurosci 2017; 11:1179069517704668. [PMID: 28579828 PMCID: PMC5439593 DOI: 10.1177/1179069517704668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures are childhood convulsions resulting from an infection that leads to an inflammatory response and subsequent convulsions. Prenatal stress has been shown to heighten the progression and intensity of febrile seizures. Current medications are costly and have adverse effects associated with prolonged use. Quercetin flavonoid exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, and anti-stress effects. This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of quercetin in a prenatally stressed rat model of febrile seizures. We hypothesized that quercetin will alleviate the effects of prenatal stress in a febrile seizure rat model. On gestational day 13, Sprague-Dawley rat dams were subjected to restraint stress for 1 hour/d for 7 days. Febrile seizures were induced on postnatal day 14 on rat pups by intraperitoneally injecting lipopolysaccharide followed by kainic acid and quercetin on seizure onset. Hippocampal tissue was harvested to profile cytokine concentrations. Our results show that quercetin suppresses prenatal stress–induced pro-inflammatory marker (interleukin 1 beta) levels, subsequently attenuating febrile seizures. This shows that quercetin can be therapeutic for febrile seizures in prenatally stressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nombuso Valencia Pearl Mkhize
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lihle Qulu
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Musa Vuyisile Mabandla
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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18
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Hung KL, Liang JS, Wang JS, Chen HJ, Lin LJ, Lu JF. Association of a novel GABRG2 splicing variation and a PTGS2/COX-2 single nucleotide polymorphism with Taiwanese febrile seizures. Epilepsy Res 2017; 129:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Donfrancesco R, Nativio P, Borrelli E, Giua E, Andriola E, Villa MP, DI Trani M. Serum cytokines in pediatric neuropsychiatric syndromes: focus on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2016; 73:398-404. [PMID: 28006890 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.16.04642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation may represent a common underlying mechanism in a wide range of diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Cytokine involvement has been investigated in some studies on patients with childhood neuropsychiatric diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether cytokines are involved in ADHD to provide a rationale for immune-based therapeutic strategies in this disorder. METHODS Sixty children were studied: 34 consecutive drug-naïve children with ADHD (30 males and 4 females; mean age of 10.10 years, SD=2.43 age) and 26 healthy control children (22 males and 4 females; mean age of 10.70 years, SD=1.81). All cytokines but IL-2 (IL4-IL6-IL10- IL17-TNFA and IFNG) were studied by ELISAs; IL-2 was instead studied by means of paired anti-cytokine Abs and cytokine standards obtained from PharMingen. RESULTS Data reveal higher IL-6 and IL-10 levels in ADHD patients than in the control group (P=0.03). No differences emerged between the two groups for the other cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Nativio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Giua
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria P Villa
- NESMOS Department, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela DI Trani
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy -
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20
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Hessel EVS, van Lith HA, Wolterink-Donselaar IG, de Wit M, Groot Koerkamp MJA, Holstege FCP, Kas MJH, Fernandes C, de Graan PNE. Mapping of aFEB3homologous febrile seizure locus on mouse chromosome 2 containing candidate genesScn1aandScn3a. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2950-2957. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V. S. Hessel
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; Department of Translational Neuroscience; University Medical Center Utrecht; Universiteitsweg 100 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Hein A. van Lith
- Division of Animal Welfare & Laboratory Animal Science; Department of Animals in Science & Society; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Inge G. Wolterink-Donselaar
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; Department of Translational Neuroscience; University Medical Center Utrecht; Universiteitsweg 100 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marina de Wit
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; Department of Translational Neuroscience; University Medical Center Utrecht; Universiteitsweg 100 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank C. P. Holstege
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Martien J. H. Kas
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; Department of Translational Neuroscience; University Medical Center Utrecht; Universiteitsweg 100 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry; Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London; London UK
| | - Pierre N. E. de Graan
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; Department of Translational Neuroscience; University Medical Center Utrecht; Universiteitsweg 100 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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21
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Jongbloets BC, van Gassen KLI, Kan AA, Olde Engberink AHO, de Wit M, Wolterink-Donselaar IG, Groot Koerkamp MJA, van Nieuwenhuizen O, Holstege FCP, de Graan PNE. Expression Profiling after Prolonged Experimental Febrile Seizures in Mice Suggests Structural Remodeling in the Hippocampus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145247. [PMID: 26684451 PMCID: PMC4684321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures are the most prevalent type of seizures among children up to 5 years of age (2–4% of Western-European children). Complex febrile seizures are associated with an increased risk to develop temporal lobe epilepsy. To investigate short- and long-term effects of experimental febrile seizures (eFS), we induced eFS in highly febrile convulsion-susceptible C57BL/6J mice at post-natal day 10 by exposure to hyperthermia (HT) and compared them to normotherm-exposed (NT) mice. We detected structural re-organization in the hippocampus 14 days after eFS. To identify molecular candidates, which entrain this structural re-organization, we investigated temporal changes in mRNA expression profiles eFS 1 hour to 56 days after eFS. We identified 931 regulated genes and profiled several candidates using in situ hybridization and histology at 3 and 14 days after eFS. This is the first study to report genome-wide transcriptome analysis after eFS in mice. We identify temporal regulation of multiple processes, such as stress-, immune- and inflammatory responses, glia activation, glutamate-glutamine cycle and myelination. Identification of the short- and long-term changes after eFS is important to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart C Jongbloets
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen L I van Gassen
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne A Kan
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke H O Olde Engberink
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marina de Wit
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inge G Wolterink-Donselaar
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marian J A Groot Koerkamp
- Molecular Cancer Research, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Onno van Nieuwenhuizen
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank C P Holstege
- Molecular Cancer Research, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre N E de Graan
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Alsharafi WA, Xiao B, Abuhamed MM, Bi FF, Luo ZH. Correlation Between IL-10 and microRNA-187 Expression in Epileptic Rat Hippocampus and Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:466. [PMID: 26696826 PMCID: PMC4667084 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence is emerging that microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in controlling neuroinflammatory responses that are known to play a potential role in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The aim of the present study was to investigate the dynamic expression pattern of interleukin (IL)-10 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine and miR-187 as a post-transcriptional inflammation-related miRNA in the hippocampus of a rat model of status epilepticus (SE) and patients with TLE. We performed a real-time quantitative PCR and western blot on rat hippocampus 2 h, 7 days, 21 days and 60 days following pilocarpine-induced SE, and on hippocampus obtained from TLE patients and normal controls. To detect the relationship between IL-10 and miR-187 on neurons, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL-10-stimulated neurons were performed. Furthermore, we identified the effect of antagonizing miR-187 by its antagomir on IL-10 secretion. Here, we reported that IL-10 secretion and miR-187 expression levels are inversely correlated after SE. In patients with TLE, the expression of IL-10 was also significantly upregulated, whereas miR-187 expression was significantly downregulated. Moreover, miR-187 expression was significantly reduced following IL-10 stimulation in an IL-10-dependent manner. On the other hand, antagonizing miR-187 promoted the production of IL-10 in hippocampal tissues of rat model of SE. Our findings demonstrate a critical role of miR-187 in the physiological regulation of IL-10 anti-inflammatory responses and elucidate the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of TLE. Therefore, modulation of the IL-10 / miR-187 axis may be a new therapeutic approach for TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid A Alsharafi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Fang-Fang Bi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
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Shahrokhi A, Zare-Shahabadi A, Soltani S, Soleimani F, Vameghi R, Konjkav AR, Karimi P, Katibeh P, Vafaei M, Zoghi S, Ashrafi MR, Rezaei N. Association of TGFB, but not IL10, single nucleotide polymorphisms with febrile seizures. Seizure 2015; 29:148-52. [PMID: 26076859 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common convulsive event in children. Inflammatory elements and genetics seem to have major roles in their pathogenesis. METHODS Seventy nine patients with FS were enrolled in this study and compared with 140 controls. Cytokine genotyping was performed, using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. The allele and genotype frequency of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-10 gene at -1082, -819 and -592 positions (rs1800896, rs1800871, rs1800872), and two SNPs within the TGFB at codons 10 and 25 (rs1982037, rs1800471) were determined. RESULTS No significant difference was detected in allelic frequency of IL-10 at -1082, -819 and -592 positions (rs1800896, rs1800871, rs1800872) and TGFB at codon 25 (rs1800471), between patients and controls. A significant negative association was observed at the codon 10/CT (rs1982037) in the patient group (OR, 0.5; 95%CI, 0.27-0.93; p=0.026). Further, a negative association was detected in patients with simple FS at same position (OR, 0.41; 95%CI, 0.18-0.93; p=0.03), thus revealing a protective effects in FS patients. There was no significant difference in allelic and genotype frequency between simple and complex FS samples. Furthermore, haplotype analysis revealed significant difference in frequency of TGFB/TC haplotype in comparison between complex FS patients and controls (p=0.048). CONCLUSION Certain alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes in TGFB genes were over represented in patients with FS, which possibly could predispose individuals to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shahrokhi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, The University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Zare-Shahabadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Soltani
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farin Soleimani
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, The University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Vameghi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, The University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Rahimi Konjkav
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Karimi
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Katibeh
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vafaei
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Zoghi
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Yu HM, Liu WH, He XH, Peng BW. IL-1β: an important cytokine associated with febrile seizures? Neurosci Bull 2014; 28:301-8. [PMID: 22622830 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-012-1240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FSs) are the most common convulsions in childhood. Studies have demonstrated a significant relationship between a history of prolonged FSs during early childhood and temporal sclerosis, which is responsible for intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. It has been shown that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is intrinsically involved in the febrile response in children and in the generation of FSs. We summarize the gene polymorphisms, changes of IL-1β levels and the putative role of IL-1β in the generation of FSs. IL-1β could play a role either in enhancing or in reducing neural excitability. If the enhancing and reducing effects are balanced, an FS does not occur. When the enhancing effect plays the leading role, an FS is generated. A mild imbalance can cause simple FSs while a severe imbalance can cause complex FSs and febrile status epilepticus. Therefore, anti-IL-1β therapy may help to treat FSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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25
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Stockwell MS, Broder K, LaRussa P, Lewis P, Fernandez N, Sharma D, Barrett A, Sosa J, Vellozzi C. Risk of fever after pediatric trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA Pediatr 2014; 168:211-9. [PMID: 24395025 PMCID: PMC6693332 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE An observational study found an increased risk of febrile seizure on the day of or 1 day after vaccination (days 0-1) with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in the 2010-2011 season; risk was highest with simultaneous vaccination with TIV and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) in children who were 6 to 23 months old. Text messaging is a novel method for surveillance of adverse events after immunization that has not been used for hypothesis-driven vaccine safety research. OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate whether children receiving TIV and PCV13 simultaneously had higher rates of fever on days 0 to 1 than those receiving either product without the other. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective observational cohort study of parents of children 6 to 23 months old recruited from 3 medical center-affiliated clinics in New York City from November 1, 2011, through April 5, 2012. A total of 530 of 614 eligible participants (86.3%) were enrolled. Parents were texted on the night of vaccination (day 0) and the 7 subsequent nights (days 1-7) to report their child's temperature. We used log-binomial regression to calculate adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and excess risk for fever on days 0 to 1, adjusted for age group, past influenza vaccination and simultaneous receipt of selected inactivated vaccines. EXPOSURES Receipt of TIV and/or PCV13. MAIN OUTCOME(S) AND MEASURE(S) Temperature of 38°C or higher on days 0 to 1 after vaccination. RESULTS On days 0 to 1, children receiving TIV and PCV13 simultaneously had higher rates (37.6%) of fever (temperature ≥38°C) than those receiving TIV (7.5%; aRR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.30-5.60) or PCV13 (9.5%; aRR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.25-5.66). The excess risk of fever after TIV and PCV13 was 20 and 23 per 100 vaccinations compared with TIV without PCV13 and PCV13 without TIV, respectively. Fever rates for days 2 to 7 were similar across groups. For days 0 to 1, 74.8% of the text messages were confirmed delivered; for another 9.0%, delivery status was unknown. Response rates were 95.1% and 90.9% for days 0 and 1 for confirmed delivered messages, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Simultaneous TIV and PCV13 administration was associated with higher transient increased fever risk than administration of either vaccine without the other product. Text messaging to prospectively assess a specific vaccine adverse event has potential for enhancing prelicensure and postlicensure monitoring of adverse events after immunization and deserves further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01467934.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Stockwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital, New York
| | - Karen Broder
- Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Philip LaRussa
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Paige Lewis
- Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nadira Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Devindra Sharma
- Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Angela Barrett
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jose Sosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Claudia Vellozzi
- Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ferraro TN. The relationship between genes affecting the development of epilepsy and approaches to epilepsy therapy. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 14:329-52. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.888651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hu MH, Huang GS, Wu CT, Lin JJ, Hsia SH, Wang HS, Lin KL. Analysis of plasma multiplex cytokines for children with febrile seizures and severe acute encephalitis. J Child Neurol 2014; 29:182-6. [PMID: 23674232 DOI: 10.1177/0883073813488829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the plasma cytokine profiles of children with febrile seizures or severe acute encephalitis using multiplex cytometry to evaluate the role of cytokines in these diseases. Interleukin-6, -10, -12p70, -17A, -2, -4, -5, -9, -13, -22, and -1β, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured in the plasma from children with febrile seizures (n = 9) or severe acute encephalitis (n = 21). In multivariate analysis, interleukin-6 was significantly increased in the plasma of the febrile seizure patients compared to those with severe acute encephalitis, suggesting that interleukin-6 is activated during the acute stage of a febrile seizure. A lower plasma interleukin-6 concentration was significantly associated with severe acute encephalitis. The cytokine network may be deregulated in severe acute encephalitis via the persistence of an uncontrolled inflammatory state in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Hu
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Tang L, Lu X, Tao Y, Zheng J, Zhao P, Li K, Li L. SCN1A rs3812718 polymorphism and susceptibility to epilepsy with febrile seizures: A meta-analysis. Gene 2014; 533:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kariuki SM, Rockett K, Clark TG, Reyburn H, Agbenyega T, Taylor TE, Birbeck GL, Williams TN, Newton CRJC. The genetic risk of acute seizures in African children with falciparum malaria. Epilepsia 2013; 54:990-1001. [PMID: 23614351 PMCID: PMC3734649 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose It is unclear why some children with falciparum malaria develop acute seizures and what determines the phenotype of seizures. We sought to determine if polymorphisms of malaria candidate genes are associated with acute seizures. Methods Logistic regression was used to investigate genetic associations with malaria-associated seizures (MAS) and complex MAS (repetitive, prolonged, or focal seizures) in four MalariaGEN African sites, namely: Blantyre, Malawi; Kilifi, Kenya; Kumasi, Ghana; and Muheza, Tanzania. The analysis was repeated for five inheritance models (dominant, heterozygous, recessive, additive, and general) and adjusted for potential confounders and multiple testing. Key Findings Complex phenotypes of seizures constituted 71% of all admissions with MAS across the sites. MAS were strongly associated with cluster of differentiation-ligand-rs3092945 in females in Kilifi (p = 0.00068) and interleukin (IL)-17 receptor E-rs708567 in the pooled analysis across the sites (p = 0.00709). Complex MAS were strongly associated with epidermal growth factor module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor (EMR)1-rs373533 in Kumasi (p = 0.00033), but none in the pooled analysis. Focal MAS were strongly associated with IL-20 receptor A-rs1555498 in Muheza (p = 0.00016), but none in the pooled analysis. Prolonged MAS were strongly associated with complement receptor 1-rs17047660 in Kilifi (p = 0.00121) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-rs1050828 in females in the pooled analysis (p = 0.00155). Repetitive MAS were strongly associated with EMR1-rs373533 in Kumasi (p = 0.00003) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance receptor-rs17140229 in the pooled analysis (p = 0.00543). MAS with coma/cerebral malaria were strongly associated with EMR1-rs373533 in Kumasi (p = 0.00019) and IL10-rs3024500 in the pooled analysis across the sites (p = 0.00064). Significance We have identified a number of genetic associations that may explain the risk of seizures in >2,000 cases admitted to hospitals with MAS across four sites in Africa. These associations differed according to phenotype of seizures and site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Symon M Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.
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30
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Kan AA, de Jager W, de Wit M, Heijnen C, van Zuiden M, Ferrier C, van Rijen P, Gosselaar P, Hessel E, van Nieuwenhuizen O, de Graan PNE. Protein expression profiling of inflammatory mediators in human temporal lobe epilepsy reveals co-activation of multiple chemokines and cytokines. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:207. [PMID: 22935090 PMCID: PMC3489559 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a chronic and often treatment-refractory brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures originating from the hippocampus. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying mTLE remain largely unknown. Recent clinical and experimental evidence supports a role of various inflammatory mediators in mTLE. Here, we performed protein expression profiling of 40 inflammatory mediators in surgical resection material from mTLE patients with and without hippocampal sclerosis, and autopsy controls using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay. In mTLE patients we identified 21 upregulated inflammatory mediators, including 10 cytokines and 7 chemokines. Many of these upregulated mediators have not previously been implicated in mTLE (for example, CCL22, IL-7 and IL-25). Comparing the three patient groups, two main hippocampal expression patterns could be distinguished, pattern I (for example, IL-10 and IL-25) showing increased expression in mTLE + HS patients compared to mTLE-HS and controls, and pattern II (for example, CCL4 and IL-7) showing increased expression in both mTLE groups compared to controls. Upregulation of a subset of inflammatory mediators (for example, IL-25 and IL-7) could not only be detected in the hippocampus of mTLE patients, but also in the neocortex. Principle component analysis was used to cluster the inflammatory mediators into several components. Follow-up analyses of the identified components revealed that the three patient groups could be discriminated based on their unique expression profiles. Immunocytochemistry showed that IL-25 IR (pattern I) and CCL4 IR (pattern II) were localized in astrocytes and microglia, whereas IL-25 IR was also detected in neurons. Our data shows co-activation of multiple inflammatory mediators in hippocampus and neocortex of mTLE patients, indicating activation of multiple pro- and anti-epileptogenic immune pathways in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A Kan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco de Jager
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marina de Wit
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cobi Heijnen
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cyrill Ferrier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Rijen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Gosselaar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Hessel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Onno van Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Child Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre N E de Graan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Khoshdel A, Kheiri S, Habibian R, Nozari A, Baradaran A. Lack of association between TNF-α gene polymorphisms at position -308 A, -850T and risk of simple febrile convulsion in pediatric patients. Adv Biomed Res 2012; 1:85. [PMID: 23946933 PMCID: PMC3724328 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Febrile convulsions (FCs), occurring between 6 months and 6 years of age is the most common seizure disorder during childhood. The febrile response is thought to be mediated by the release of pyrogenic cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 (IL-1). There is a significant relationship between genetic components for susceptibility of FCs and different report mutation. We investigated association between two polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α promoter region (G-308A, C-850T) and FCs in the southwest area of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this matched case–control study, 100 patients with febrile convulsion as case group and 130 healthy children as control group were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood samples were collected and DNA was extracted by standard phenol–chloroform method. The genotype and allele frequencies of TNF- α polymorphisms in case and control groups were determined by using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism) method. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test. Results: The average age of case and control groups were 3.4 ± 1.4 and 3.4 ± 1.2 years, respectively. There was no significant difference between age and sex in both the groups (P > 0.05). A family history of febrile convulsion was detected in 44% of patients. Moreover, the simple febrile convulsion was detected in 85% of the case group. Conclusion: RFLP analysis of TNF- α promoter region polymorphisms, considering P = 0.146 and P = 0.084 for G-308A and C-850T, respectively, showed no correlation between TNF- α polymorphisms and predisposition to simple febrile, based on the kind of convulsion (atypical and simple febrile convulsion). We found a significant relation between genotype distribution of G-308A and atypical febrile convulsion in case group (P = 0.04). A significant correlation between genotype distribution of G-308A and atypical febrile convulsion in the case group was found, but there was no correlation between TNF- α polymorphisms at positions of -308A, and 850T and predisposition to simple febrile convulsion. Further studies are needed to understand clinical usefulness of this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Khoshdel
- Department of pediatric, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Nur BG, Kahramaner Z, Duman O, Dundar NO, Sallakcı N, Yavuzer U, Haspolat S. Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism in febrile seizures. Pediatr Neurol 2012; 46:36-8. [PMID: 22196489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Febrile seizures comprise a common type of pediatric convulsion. Inflammation and genetics may be involved in their pathogenesis. Regarding the role of cytokines (especially interleukin-6) in febrile responses, we performed a case control study of interleukin-6 gene (-174, -572, and -597) single-nucleotide polymorphisms to learn if correlations existed between these particular polymorphisms and febrile seizures. We isolated the genomic DNA of 92 children with febrile seizures and 98 healthy control subjects. We genotyped individuals for their polymorphisms, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In our study, the frequencies of -174 G alleles and of the -174 and -572 GG genotypes were observed to be significantly higher in patients than in control subjects. The -174 GG genotype frequency was significantly higher in children with a family history of febrile seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Guzel Nur
- Department of Pediatrics, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Choi J, Min HJ, Shin JS. Increased levels of HMGB1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in children with febrile seizures. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:135. [PMID: 21989210 PMCID: PMC3210097 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Febrile seizures are the most common form of childhood seizures. Fever is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines during infection, and pro-inflammatory cytokines may trigger the development of febrile seizures. In order to determine whether active inflammation, including high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, occurs in children with febrile seizures or epilepsy, we analyzed cytokine profiles of patients with febrile seizures or epilepsy. METHODS Forty-one febrile seizure patients who visited the emergency department of Seoul National University Boramae Hospital from June 2008 to May 2009 were included in this study. Blood was obtained from the febrile seizure child patients within 30 minutes of the time of the seizure; subsequently, serum cytokine assays were performed. Control samples were collected from children with febrile illness without convulsion (N = 41) and similarly analyzed. Serum samples from afebrile status epilepticus attacks in intractable epilepsy children (N = 12), afebrile seizure attacks in generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFSP) children (N = 6), and afebrile non-epileptic controls (N = 7) were also analyzed. RESULTS Serum HMGB1 and IL-1β levels were significantly higher in febrile seizure patients than in fever only controls (p < 0.05). Serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in typical febrile seizures than in fever only controls (p < 0.05). Serum IL-1β levels were significantly higher in status epilepticus attacks in intractable epilepsy patients than in fever only controls (p < 0.05). Serum levels of IL-1β were significantly correlated with levels of HMGB1, IL-6, and TNF-α (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in febrile seizure children. Although it is not possible to infer causality from descriptive human studies, our data suggest that HMGB1 and the cytokine network may contribute to the generation of febrile seizures in children. There may be a potential role for anti-inflammatory therapy targeting cytokines and HMGB1 in preventing or limiting febrile seizures or subsequent epileptogenesis in the vulnerable, developing nervous system of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Li G, Bauer S, Nowak M, Norwood B, Tackenberg B, Rosenow F, Knake S, Oertel WH, Hamer HM. Cytokines and epilepsy. Seizure 2011; 20:249-56. [PMID: 21216630 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder affecting approximately 8 out of 1000 people. Its pathophysiology, however, has remained elusive in many regards. Consequently, adequate seizure control is still lacking in about one third of patients. Cytokines are soluble mediators of cell communication that are critical in immune regulation. In recent years, studies have shown that epileptic seizures can induce the production of cytokines, which in turn influence the pathogenesis and course of epilepsies. At the time of this review, the focus is mostly on interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding these cytokines and their potential roles in epilepsy. The focus concentrates on their expression and influence on induced seizures in animal models of epilepsy, as well as findings in human studies. Both proconvulsive and anticonvulsive effects have been reported for each of these molecules. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that cytokines play dichotomous roles through multiple pathways, each of which is dependent on free concentration and available receptors. Furthermore, the immune-mediated leakage in the blood-brain-barrier also plays an important role in epileptogenesis. Nonetheless, these observations demonstrate the multifarious nature of cytokine networks and the complex relationship between the immune system and epilepsy. Future studies are warranted to further clarify the influence of the immune system on epilepsy and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35033 Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review presents novel infections and better evidence on current practices related to fever in children. RECENT FINDINGS Studies using more accurate diagnostic methods have provided evidence for prevalence of certain diseases, their clinical presentation and anticipated complications. Answers to certain clinical dilemmas related to febrile children in a pediatric office practice have been addressed recently. Some studies have explored current issues like immunization of pregnant women with influenza vaccine and the outbreak investigation of the swine H1N1 influenza. SUMMARY Fever still remains the most common reason for visits to the pediatrician or emergency room. Better diagnostic methods; appropriate therapeutic or preventive strategies; and continued surveillance for novel infections have improved outcomes from both an individual and public health perspective.
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Genetic susceptibility to febrile seizures: case-control association studies. Brain Dev 2010; 32:57-63. [PMID: 19854014 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A genetic predisposition to febrile seizures (FS) has long been recognized. The inheritance appears to be polygenic in small families or sporadic cases of FS encountered in daily clinical practice. To determine whether candidate genes are responsible for the susceptibility to FS, we have performed genetic association studies in FS patients and controls. METHODS The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in immune response (interleukin (IL) 1B), endocannabinoid signaling (CNR1), acid-base balance (SLC4A3, SLC9A1, SLC9A3), gap junction channel (CX43), and GABA(A) receptor trafficking (PRIP1) were examined in 249 FS patients (186 simple and 63 complex FS) and 225 controls. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the allele frequencies of the SNPs between controls and all FS, simple FS, and complex FS patients. When the simple FS patients were divided into two groups according to either having (familial) or not having a family history of FS in close relatives (sporadic), there was a significant association between IL1B -511 SNP and sporadic simple FS (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that cytokine genes may act as enhancers or attenuators of FS susceptibility. Genetic association study may be an effective approach to understanding the molecular basis of FS at least in a subgroup of patients.
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Scantlebury MH, Heida JG. Febrile seizures and temporal lobe epileptogenesis. Epilepsy Res 2009; 89:27-33. [PMID: 20005077 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FS) are a common neurological disorder that affects children. Simple FS are thought to be benign but experimental and clinical evidence support that the risk of developing epilepsy after FS increases if the FS are prolonged and the brain is abnormal. In addition, prolonged FS (PFS) have many deleterious long-term effects characterized mainly in the hippocampus but may involve the whole brain and that prompt abortive treatment of PFS may prevent some of the adverse effects. This review focuses on some of the key factors involved in the generation of FS, factors leading to PFS and potential mechanisms and functional correlates leading to temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris H Scantlebury
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
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