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Zhang M, Wang X, Chen W, Liu W, Xin J, Yang D, Zhang Z, Zheng X. Integrated bioinformatics analysis for identifying key genes and pathways in female and male patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8977. [PMID: 37268658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cause of heart failure, and males are more likely to suffer from DCM than females. This research aimed at exploring possible DCM-associated genes and their latent regulatory effects in female and male patients. WGCNA analysis found that in the yellow module, 341 and 367 key DEGs were identified in females and males, respectively. A total of 22 hub genes in females and 17 hub genes in males were identified from the PPI networks of the key DEGs based on Metascape database. And twelve and eight potential TFs of the key DEGs were also identified in females and males, respectively. Eight miRNAs of 15 key DEGs were screened in both females and males, which may be differentially expressed in females and males. Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-21-5P could directly target the key gene MATN2. Furthermore, Sex differences in KEGG pathways were identified. Both KOBAS and GSEA analysis identified 19 significantly enriched pathways related to immune response in both females and males, and the TGF-β signaling pathway was exclusively identified in males. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that seven key DEGs were potential targets for the treatment of DCM, of which the OLR1 gene was only identified in males, the expression levels of the seven genes were verified by RT-PCR. The above results could offer a novel understanding of sex differences in key genes and pathways in DCM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xinzhou Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, Henan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jile Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Debao Yang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Gil-Cruz C, Perez-Shibayama C, De Martin A, Ronchi F, van der Borght K, Niederer R, Onder L, Lütge M, Novkovic M, Nindl V, Ramos G, Arnoldini M, Slack EM, Boivin-Jahns V, Jahns R, Wyss M, Mooser C, Lambrecht BN, Maeder MT, Rickli H, Flatz L, Eriksson U, Geuking MB, McCoy KD, Ludewig B. Microbiota-derived peptide mimics drive lethal inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Science 2019; 366:881-886. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myocarditis can develop into inflammatory cardiomyopathy through chronic stimulation of myosin heavy chain 6–specific T helper (TH)1 and TH17 cells. However, mechanisms governing the cardiotoxicity programming of heart-specific T cells have remained elusive. Using a mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune myocarditis, we show that progression of myocarditis to lethal heart disease depends on cardiac myosin–specific TH17 cells imprinted in the intestine by a commensalBacteroidesspecies peptide mimic. Both the successful prevention of lethal disease in mice by antibiotic therapy and the significantly elevatedBacteroides-specific CD4+T cell and B cell responses observed in human myocarditis patients suggest that mimic peptides from commensal bacteria can promote inflammatory cardiomyopathy in genetically susceptible individuals. The ability to restrain cardiotoxic T cells through manipulation of the microbiome thereby transforms inflammatory cardiomyopathy into a targetable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Angelina De Martin
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Ronchi
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Research, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Katrien van der Borght
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rebekka Niederer
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Nindl
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Arnoldini
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emma M.C. Slack
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Boivin-Jahns
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Jahns
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Bank of Biomaterials and Data Würzburg (IBDW), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Madeleine Wyss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine Mooser
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Research, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Micha T. Maeder
- Cardiology Division, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hans Rickli
- Cardiology Division, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Center for Molecular Cardiology University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, GZO Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Markus B. Geuking
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathy D. McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Genome-wide methylation profiles in coronary artery ectasia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:583-594. [PMID: 28143891 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is a disease characterized by abnormally dilated coronary arteries. The mechanism of CAE remains unclear, and its treatment is limited. Previous studies have shown that risk factors for CAE were related to changes in DNA methylation. However, no systematic investigation of methylation profiles has been performed. Therefore, we compared methylation profiles between 12 CAE patients and 12 propensity-matched individuals with normal coronary arteries using microarrays. Wilcoxon's rank sum tests revealed 89 genes with significantly different methylation levels (P<0.05 and Δβ > |0.1|). Functional characterization using the DAVID database and gene set enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Of these genes 6 were validated in 29 CAE patients and 87 matched individuals with CAE, using pyro-sequencing. TLR6 and NOTCH4 showed significant differences in methylation between the two groups, and lower protein levels of toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) were detected in CAE patients. In conclusion, this genome-wide analysis of methylation profiles in CAE patients showed that significant changes in both methylation and expression of TLR6 deserve further study to elucidate their roles in CAE.
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Pankuweit S, Ruppert V, Jónsdóttir Þ, Müller HH, Meyer T. The HLA class II allele DQB1*0309 is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Gene 2013; 531:180-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li X, Luo R, Jiang R, Chen R, Hua W. Human leukocyte antigen-DQ beta 1 chain (DQB1) gene polymorphisms are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Lung 2012; 41:360-7. [PMID: 22386792 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported an association between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ antigen beta 1 chain (DQB1) alleles and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the results of those studies have been inconsistent. To clarify the association between HLA-DQB1 and DCM, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. METHODS Searches were performed using the PubMed database, the Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database, the Science Citation Index database, the China Biology Medicine disc, the China National Knowledge Information database, the Wanfang database, and the Chinese Scientific and Technological Journal Database (VIP database). The search terms included "dilated cardiomyopathy" and "DQB1." Ten case-controlled studies were included in the systematic review to assess the association between DCM and the HLA-DQB1*0201, *0302, *0504, *0301, and *0602 alleles. RESULTS In total, 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis of the HLA-DQB1 *0201 allele. The pooled odds risk (OR) for this allele was .47, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of .28 to .77 (P < .01). With respect to the HLA-DQB1 *0504 allele, only 3 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled OR was .36 (95% CI, .15 to .84; P < .05). Nine, 8, and 7 studies of the HLA-DQB1 *0301, *0302, and *0602 alleles, respectively, were included in our meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference was evident in the frequency of these 3 alleles between the DCM and normal control groups. CONCLUSION The HLA-DQB1 *0201 and *0504 alleles may be protective against DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhu F, Sun Y, Wang M, Ma S, Chen X, Cao A, Chen F, Qiu Y, Liao Y. Correlation between HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 polymorphism and autoantibodies against angiotensin AT(1) receptors in Chinese patients with essential hypertension. Clin Cardiol 2011; 34:302-8. [PMID: 21557256 DOI: 10.1002/clc.20852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The autoantibodies (AAs) against angiotensin AT(1) receptors (AT(1) -AAs) have been discovered in patients with preeclampsia, malignant hypertension, and essential hypertension (EH); however, the mechanism of AA production remains to be investigated. HYPOTHESIS Polymorphisms of HLA-DRB1 or HLA-DQB1 are related to production of AAs in autoimmune diseases. We hypothesis that the polymorphisms of the HLA molecules are also associated with production of AT(1) -AAs in patients with EH. METHODS We enrolled 394 patients with EH and 224 normotensive subjects in this study. Autoantibodies in sera of donors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The subjects' clinical data were collected, including gender, age, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking status, and diabetes. The patients and the normotensive subjects were classified respectively into AA-positive and AA-negative groups. Typing of DNA for HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles was done by polymerase chain reaction amplification with sequence-specific primers. RESULTS Thirteen HLA-DRB1 and 7 HLA-DQB1 alleles were found in this population. The frequencies of AT(1) -AAs were related to blood pressure level. The frequency of AT(1) -AAs in the EH group was higher than that in the normotensive group (P = 0.0001). The levels of AAs in different groups of EH show a significant difference (P = 0.027). In addition, HLA-DRB1(*) 04 and HLA-DRB1(*) 14 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56-5.97, P = 0.001; and OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.080-5.91, P = 0.033, respectively) were related to AT(1) -AA production in normotensive subjects after adjusting for covariants. The HLA-DRB1(*) 04 allele might be related to AT(1) -AA production in hypertensive subjects, and the P value was of baseline statistical significance after adjusting for blood pressure and other covariants (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 0.95-2.78, P = 0.070). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a difference in the immunogenetic background between the positive and negative AAs with hypertension or normotension. The HLA-DRB1(*) 04 allele increases the risk for AT(1) -AA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardilogy, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yoshikawa T. Contribution of Acquired Factors to the Pathogenesis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy - The Cause of Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Genetic or Acquired? (Acquired-Side) -. Circ J 2011; 75:1766-73; discussion 1773. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sun Y, Zhu F, Wang M, Ma S, Liao Y. Association Analysis about HLA-DRB1, -DQB1 Polymorphism and Auto-Antibodies Against α1-Adrenergic Receptors in Chinese Patients with Essential Hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2010; 32:532-9. [PMID: 21091360 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2010.496520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Sun
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Sun YAT-SEN University, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihui Ma
- Zhongshan Hospital, Sun YAT-SEN University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Portig I, Sandmoeller A, Kreilinger S, Maisch B. HLA-DQB1* polymorphism and associations with dilated cardiomyopathy, inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis†. Autoimmunity 2009; 42:33-40. [DOI: 10.1080/08916930802258651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lin A, Yan WH, Xu HH, Tang LJ, Chen XF, Zhu M, Zhou MY. 14 bp deletion polymorphism in the HLA-G gene is a risk factor for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in a Chinese Han population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:427-31. [PMID: 17854427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune-associated idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). However, the HLA-G in this context is limited. In the current study, a total of 117 IDC patients and age and sex matched 401 unrelated healthy controls in a Chinese Han population were HLA-G genotyped for the 14 bp insertion and deletion polymorphism. IDC patients showed markedly increased frequencies of -14 bp/-14 bp genotype [Pc = 0.00049, odds ratio (OR) = 2.17] and -14 bp alleles (Pc = 4.1 x 10(-5), OR = 1.97) when compared with healthy controls. Whereas the frequencies of +14 bp/+14 bp genotype (Pc = 0.0036, OR = 0.35) and +14 bp alleles (Pc = 4.1 x 10(-5), OR = 0.51) were significantly lower in IDC. These data, for the first time, indicated that 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in HLA-G gene could be a genetic risk factor for the susceptibility to IDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lin
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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Liu W, Li WM, Yang SS, Gao C, Li SJ, Li Y, Kong YH, Gan RT. Association of HLA class II DRB1, DPA1 and DPB1 polymorphism with genetic susceptibility to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in Chinese Han nationality. Autoimmunity 2007; 39:461-7. [PMID: 17060025 DOI: 10.1080/08916930600893709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the aetiology of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) remains unclear, many immunological abnormalities involving changes in cell-mediated and humoral immunity may be associated with cardiac impairment in IDC. Autoimmune mechanisms are likely to participate in the pathogenesis of at least a subgroup of IDC and components of the major histocompatibility complex may serve as markers for the propensity to develop immune-mediated myocardial damage. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, which are highly polymorphic, play an important role in the activating of immune responses and thus control the predisposition for or protection from IDC. This study explores the possible contribution of HLA-DRB and DP polymorphisms to IDC susceptibility. DNA genotyping for HLA-DRB1, DPA1 and DPB1 was performed using polymerase chain reaction-sequencing based typing (PCR-SBT) method in 198 IDC patients and 136 random selected healthy Han ethnic individuals living in Northern China. IDC patients were, sub-grouped into asymptomatics (subgroup A), with arrhythmia (subgroup B) and with overt congestive heart failure (subgroup C) according to the clinical manifestations and electrocardiogram or echocardiographic characteristics. ADP/ATP autoantibody was detected in IDC group by immunoblot analysis. The results revealed that HLA-DR15, -DPB*0601 frequencies were significantly elevated in IDC group compared with normal control. The DPB1*0601 allele in homozygous form or in combination with allele DPB1*2301 or *3901, was found present more often in IDC patients. The predominance of HLA-DR4 allele was observed in subgroup B after stratification. However, the frequency of DPB1*0101 allele increased in the control than in the IDC group. The frequency of HLA-DPB1*0601 allele was significantly higher in IDC patients with positive autoantibody against ADP/ATP carrier of myocardial mitochondria in contrast to those with negative autoantibody. We conclude that HLA-DR4, -DR15, -DPB1*0601 alleles confers susceptibility to, while DPB1*0101 allele confers protection from IDC among individuals of northern Chinese Han nationality. The glutamate at position 69 in the second exon of DPB1*0601, as a key residue for special conformation of HLA-DP, may confer predisposition to IDC. HLA-DR and -DP alleles polymorphisms may serve as genetic markers for IDC and be involved in the regulation of the immune specific response to auto or exterior anti-myocardium antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The first affiliated hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
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Yang S, Li W, Liu W, Gao C, Zhou B, Li S, Li Y, Kong Y. IL-10 gene modified dendritic cells induced antigen-specific tolerance in experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Clin Immunol 2006; 121:63-73. [PMID: 16904381 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in rats is a T-cell-mediated disorder, and the involvement of Th1/Th2 unbalance has been demonstrated. The induction of antigen-specific tolerance is critical for the treatment of EAM and maintenance of immune tolerance. IL-10 is a pleiotrophic immunomodulatory cytokine that functions at different levels of the immune response, so it has emerged as a promising therapeutic factor for the treatment of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. This study was designed to explore the effects of IL-10 gene modified bone-marrow-derived immature dendritic cells (iDCs) on the in vitro and in vivo immune response to cardiac myosin in EAM. EAM was induced using the classic methods of cardiac myosin immunization on day 0 and day 7. 2 x 10(6)/per rat mature DC (mDC), immature DC (iDC), pcDNA3 transfected iDC, pcDNA3-IL-10 transfected iDC or PBS were injected intravenously for treatment 5 days after the first immunization. On day 21, transthoracic echocardiogram and HE staining were performed to detect the cardiac function and myocardial inflammation. Th1/Th2 cytokines were detected by ELISA and MHC-II molecules, costimulatory molecules were identified by flow cytometry. In vitro T lymphocyte proliferation assay and adoptive transfer of DCs were performed to determine the antigen-specific tolerance induced by IL-10 gene modified iDCs. IL-10 gene modified iDC-treated EAM rats showed improved cardiac function and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cell into myocardium. Serum cytokines data indicated lower Th1 while higher Th2-type responses were induced in the pcDNA3-IL-10-iDC-treated group, suggesting a Th2 polarization. Moreover, IL-10 gene modified iDCs down-regulated MHC-II and costimulatory molecules on the surface of splenocytes and inhibited the antigen-specific immunological responses towards cardiac myosin. Adoptive transfer of IL-10 producing DCs prevented EAM induction. IL-10 gene modified iDCs ameliorates EAM histopathologically and functionally. The underlying mechanisms may be related to the IL-10 induced Th2 polarization and down-regulation of MHC-II molecules and costimulatory molecules expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusen Yang
- Department of cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 150001, China
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