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Yeo Y, Jeong SM, Shin DW, Han K, Yoo J, Yoo JE, Lee SP. Changes in Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Heart Failure: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16265. [PMID: 36498339 PMCID: PMC9736316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: The association between alcohol intake and newly developed heart failure remains unclear. We aimed to measure the change in alcohol intake between two timepoints to evaluate the association of alcohol consumption with incident heart failure using a population-based study in Korea. Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance database, participants who underwent two subsequent national health examinations in 2009 and 2011 were included. Participants were classified into four groups according to total alcohol intake (none: 0 g alcohol/day; light: <15 g alcohol/day; moderate: 15−30 g alcohol/day; and heavy: ≥30 g alcohol/day), and changes in alcohol consumption between the two health exams were grouped into the following five categories: abstainers, sustainers (those who maintained their first examination drinking level), increasers, reducers, and quitters. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, regular exercise, socioeconomic information, and comorbidities, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, systolic blood pressure, and laboratory results, a Cox proportional hazards model was used to find the risk of newly diagnosed heart failure (according to ICD-10 code I50 from claims for the first hospitalization) as the primary endpoint. A subgroup analysis among those with a third examination was conducted to reflect further changes in alcohol consumption. Results: Among 3,842,850 subjects, 106,611 (3.0%) were diagnosed with heart failure during the mean follow-up period of 6.3 years. Increasers to a light level of drinking had a lower HF risk compared with abstainers (aHR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89−0.94). Those who increased their alcohol intake to a heavy level had a higher HF risk (from light to heavy (aHR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12−1.26) and from a moderate to heavy level (aHR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07−1.19). Reducing alcohol from a heavy to moderate level was associated with lower HF risk (aHR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86−0.95). Conclusion: This study found that light and moderate sustainers had lower incident heart failure risk compared with abstainers. Increased alcohol consumption from light to moderate to heavy was associated with a higher incident heart failure risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohwan Yeo
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Yoo
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 06236, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Marazziti D, Barberi FM, Mucci F, Maglio A, Dell'Oste V, Dell'Osso L. The Emerging Role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Psychiatry. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:69-79. [PMID: 32072888 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200219091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), composed by 28 amino-acids, is well known to modulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and the immune system. Since ANP is produced in both heart and in the central nervous system (CNS), in the last years, increasing attention has been devoted to its possible role in neuropsychiatric disorders. Indeed, scattered data would indicate its possible role in anxiety, major depression, addictive behaviors, post-traumatic stress disorder and other stress-related disorders. Further, ANP has been hypothesized to represent one of the factors linking depression to cardiovascular health and the immune system. AIMS Given the paucity of available information, the aim of this paper was to review the current literature on the role of ANP in the CNS and in the pathophysiology of different neuropsychiatric and stress-related conditions. DISCUSSION Supporting data on ANP in psychiatric disorders are still limited to animal studies, or to a few "real" findings in patients gathered some decades ago that should be replicated in larger clinical samples. CONCLUSION Further studies are necessary to understand the possible implications of ANP in neuropsychiatry, because potentially it might represent a new way for innovative psychopharmacological treatments in different conditions, all underlaid by hyperactive HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Barberi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Mucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maglio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Dell'Oste
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Hauser SR, Waeiss RA, Molosh AI, Deehan GA, Bell RL, McBride WJ, Rodd ZA. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP): A novel mechanism for reducing ethanol consumption and seeking behaviors in female alcohol preferring (P) rats. Peptides 2020; 134:170403. [PMID: 32882352 PMCID: PMC7725921 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Atrial Naturietic Peptide (ANP) is a neuropeptide that regulates function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immune and neuroimmune system, and epigenetic factors. Research has indicated that ANP may mediate alcohol intake, withdrawal, and craving like behaviors. ANP receptors are present in the mesocorticolimbic (MCL) reward pathway of the brain, which includes the nucleus accumbens (Acb) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of ANP microinjected into Acb subregions (Shell (Sh), Core (Co), ventral to AcbSh) on operant ethanol (EtOH) self-administration and into posterior VTA (pVTA) on EtOH-seeking behavior of female alcohol-preferring (P) rats. In the first experiment, ANP (0, 10 μg, or 100 μg) was microinjected into subregions of the Acb to determine its effects on EtOH self-administration. In the second experiment, ANP was microinjected into pVTA to determine its effects on Pavlovian Spontaneous Recovery (PSR) of responding, a measure of context-induced EtOH-seeking behavior. Administration of ANP directly into the AcbSh significantly reduced EtOH self-administration compared to vehicle, whereas ANP into the AcbCo or areas directly ventral to the AcbSh did not alter responding for EtOH. Microinjection of ANP into the pVTA significantly reduced responding on the EtOH-associated lever during the PSR test. The data indicate that activation of ANP systems in the (a) AcbSh can inhibit EtOH intake, and (b) in the pVTA can inhibit EtOH-seeking behavior. The results suggest that manipulations of the ANP system could be a potential target for pharmacotherapeutic intervention to treat alcohol use disorder. Supported in part by AA07462, AA07611, AA10717, AA10721, AA013522, AA019366, AA020908, AA022287, and AA024612.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheketha R Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Robert A Waeiss
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrei I Molosh
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gerald A Deehan
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William J McBride
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zachary A Rodd
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Bonaccio M, Rago L, De Curtis A, Persichillo M, Bracone F, Olivieri M, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Moderate Alcohol Consumption Is Associated With Lower Risk for Heart Failure But Not Atrial Fibrillation. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2017; 5:837-844. [PMID: 29032141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the hypothesis that alcohol consumption is associated with onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or heart failure (HF). BACKGROUND The connection between ethanol intake and AF or HF remains controversial. METHODS The study population was 22,824 AF- or HF-free subjects (48% men, age ≥35 years) randomly recruited from the general population included in the Moli-sani study, for whom complete data on HF, AF, and alcohol consumption were available. The cohort was followed up to December 31, 2015, for a median of 8.2 years (183,912 person-years). Incident cases were identified through linkage to the Molise regional archive of hospital discharges. Hazard ratios were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models and cubic spline regression. RESULTS A total of 943 incident cases of HF and 554 of AF were identified. In comparison with never drinkers, both former and occasional drinkers showed comparable risk for developing HF. Drinking alcohol in the range of 1 to 4 drinks/day was associated with a lower risk for HF, with a 22% maximum risk reduction at 20 g/day, independent of common confounders. In contrast, no association of alcohol consumption with onset of AF was observed. Very similar results were obtained after restriction of the analyses to regular or only wine drinkers or according to sex, age, social status, or adherence to the Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of alcohol in moderation was associated with a lower incidence of HF but not with development of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Di Castelnuovo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Amalia De Curtis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Persichillo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Lazo M, Chen Y, McEvoy JW, Ndumele C, Konety S, Ballantyne CM, Sharrett AR, Selvin E. Alcohol Consumption and Cardiac Biomarkers: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Clin Chem 2016; 62:1202-10. [PMID: 27440513 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.255778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of alcohol in the development of subclinical cardiovascular disease is unclear. We examined the association between alcohol consumption and markers of subclinical cardiac damage and wall stress. METHODS We studied the cross-sectional and prospective associations of alcohol consumption with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measured at 2 time points, 6 years apart (baseline, 1990-1992; follow-up, 1996-1998), in over 11000 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study with no history of cardiovascular disease. Alcohol consumption was categorized as follows: never, former, current: ≤1, 2-7, 8-14, and ≥15 drinks/week. RESULTS Compared to never drinkers, persons who consumed 2-7 drinks per week were less likely to have increased hs-cTnT (≥14 ng/L) at baseline (odds ratio = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.46-0.96), and had a lower risk of incident increases in hs-cTnT at follow-up (relative risk = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.49-1.00). Conversely, there was a positive association between alcohol intake and NT-proBNP concentrations at baseline. Consumption of ≥15 drinks/week was positively associated with incident increases in NT-proBNP (≥300 pg/mL) at the 6-year follow-up visit (relative risk = 2.38, 95% CI, 1.43-3.96). CONCLUSIONS In this community-based study of middle-aged adults without a history of cardiovascular disease, moderate drinking was associated with lower concentrations of hs-cTnT, a marker of chronic subclinical myocardial damage, and positively associated with NT-proBNP, a biomarker of cardiac wall stress. Our results suggest that the cardiac effects of alcohol are complex. Cardiac biomarkers may help improve our understanding of the full cardiovascular effects of alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lazo
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD;
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - John W McEvoy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chiadi Ndumele
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Suma Konety
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine, Section of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - A Richey Sharrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Martins
- Department of Neurosciences, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Gonçalves A, Claggett B, Jhund PS, Rosamond W, Deswal A, Aguilar D, Shah AM, Cheng S, Solomon SD. Alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:939-45. [PMID: 25602025 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Alcohol is a known cardiac toxin and heavy consumption can lead to heart failure (HF). However, the relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and risk for HF, in either men or women, remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined 14 629 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (54 ± 6 years, 55% women) without prevalent HF at baseline (1987-89) who were followed for 24 ± 1 years. Self-reported alcohol consumption was assessed as the number of drinks/week (1 drink = 14 g of alcohol) at baseline, and updated cumulative average alcohol intake was calculated over 8.9 ± 0.3 years. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, we examined the relation of alcohol intake with incident HF and assessed whether associations were modified by sex. Overall, most participants were abstainers (42%) or former drinkers (19%), with 25% reporting up to 7 drinks per week, 8% reporting ≥7 to 14 drinks per week, and 3% reporting ≥14-21 and ≥21 drinks per week, respectively. Incident HF occurred in 1271 men and 1237 women. Men consuming up to 7 drinks/week had reduced risk of HF relative to abstainers (hazard ratio, HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68-0.94, P = 0.006); this effect was less robust in women (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-1.00, P = 0.05). In the higher drinking categories, the risk of HF was not significantly different from abstainers, either in men or in women. CONCLUSION In the community, alcohol consumption of up to 7 drinks/week at early-middle age is associated with lower risk for future HF, with a similar but less definite association in women than in men. These findings suggest that despite the dangers of heavy drinking, modest alcohol consumption in early-middle age may be associated with a lower risk for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gonçalves
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Brian Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wayne Rosamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anita Deswal
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Aguilar
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amil M Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Hodes A, Lichtstein D. Natriuretic hormones in brain function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:201. [PMID: 25506340 PMCID: PMC4246887 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic hormones (NH) include three groups of compounds: the natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP and CNP), the gastrointestinal peptides (guanylin and uroguanylin), and endogenous cardiac steroids. These substances induce the kidney to excrete sodium and therefore participate in the regulation of sodium and water homeostasis, blood volume, and blood pressure (BP). In addition to their peripheral functions, these hormones act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the brain. In this review, the established information on the biosynthesis, release and function of NH is discussed, with particular focus on their role in brain function. The available literature on the expression patterns of each of the NH and their receptors in the brain is summarized, followed by the evidence for their roles in modulating brain function. Although numerous open questions exist regarding this issue, the available data support the notion that NH participate in the central regulation of BP, neuroprotection, satiety, and various psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, addiction, and depressive disorders. In addition, the interactions between the different NH in the periphery and the brain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Hodes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Lichtstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Koopmann A, Leménager T, Wolf ND, Reinhard I, Hermann D, Koch J, Wiedemann K, Kiefer F. The impact of atrial natriuretic peptide on anxiety, stress and craving in patients with alcohol dependence. Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 49:282-6. [PMID: 24166646 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is well known to modulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis but also to counter-regulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Correspondingly, recent studies suggest an important role of ANP in the neurobiology of anxiety. Preclinical and clinical data now provide evidence for an involvement of ANP in the pathophysiology of addictive behavior. The present study aims to elucidate the effects of ANP on alcohol-dependent patients' anxiety, perceived stress and craving during alcohol withdrawal. METHODS A sample of 59 alcohol-dependent inpatients was included in the analysis. A blood sample was taken at day 14 of detoxification in order to assess the concentrations of ANP and cortisol in plasma. In parallel, we assessed patients' alcohol craving, using the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale, as well as anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Patients' stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. RESULTS We found a significant negative association between patients' ANP plasma concentrations and anxiety, craving for alcohol and perceived stress. Regression analyses suggest that ANP is a significant predictor both for patients' perceived stress and for the severity of anxiety during early abstinence. The association of patients' ANP plasma levels and craving is suggested to be mediated by perceived stress. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the association of patients' ANP plasma levels and craving is mediated by their perceived stress. For this reason, intranasal application of ANP may prove to be a new avenue for the treatment of alcohol dependence in patients exhibiting high levels of perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Koopmann
- Corresponding author: Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany.
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Mick I, Spring K, Uhr M, Zimmermann US. Alcohol administration attenuates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity in healthy men at low genetic risk for alcoholism, but not in high-risk subjects. Addict Biol 2013; 18:863-71. [PMID: 22260244 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute alcohol challenge studies in rodents and naturalistic observations in drinking alcoholics suggest that alcohol stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system. The literature on respective studies in healthy volunteers is more inconsistent, suggesting differential alcohol effects depending on dosage, recent drinking history, family history of alcoholism and alcohol-induced side effects. These papers and the putative pharmacologic mechanisms underlying alcohol effects on the HPA system are reviewed here and compared with a new study, in which we investigated how secretion of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and cortisol is affected by ingestion of 0.6 g/kg ethanol in 33 young healthy socially drinking males with a paternal history of alcoholism (PHP) versus 30 family history negative (FHN) males. Alcohol and placebo were administered in a 2-day, double-blind, placebo controlled crossover design with randomized administration sequence. After administration of placebo, ACTH and cortisol decreased steadily over 130 minutes. In FHN subjects, secretion of both hormones was even more attenuated after alcohol, resulting in significantly lower levels compared with placebo. In PHP subjects, no alcohol effect on hormone secretion could be detected. The ratio of cortisol to ACTH secretion, each expressed as area under the secretion curve, was significantly increased by alcohol in FHN and PHP participants. These results argue against HPA stimulation being a mechanism that promotes the transition from moderate to dependent drinking. The fact that alcohol-induced HPA suppression was not detected in PHP males is consistent with the general concept that subjects at high risk for alcoholism exhibit less-pronounced alcohol effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Mick
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Padilla H, Michael Gaziano J, Djoussé L. Alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure: a meta-analysis. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2010; 38:84-9. [PMID: 20959700 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2010.10.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is highly prevalent among older adults and is associated with high treatment costs. Identifying modifiable determinants of heart failure may help in prevention. Alcohol consumption has emerged as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although many studies have suggested a positive association between heavy drinking and cardiomyopathy, the association between infrequent or light-to-moderate drinking and heart failure risk has been less conclusive. PURPOSE To examine the relation between various levels of alcohol intake and incident heart failure. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of 6 studies obtained through a PubMed literature search. Alcohol drinkers were classified as never, former, and current drinkers of 0.1 to 0.9, 1 to 7, 8 to 14, and > 14 drinks per week. RESULTS Compared with never drinkers, the pooled relative risks were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.51) for former drinkers, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.83-0.98), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73-0.88), 0.78 (95% CI, 0.65-0.95), and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.63-0.95) for current drinkers of 0.1 to 0.9, 1 to 7, 8 to 14, and > 14 drinks per week, respectively, in a random effects model. CONCLUSION These data suggest that infrequent and light-to-moderate drinking is associated with a lower risk of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Padilla
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02120, USA.
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Maheshwari A, Dalton JE, Yared JP, Mascha EJ, Kurz A, Sessler DI. The Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 24:580-5. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hansen ÅM, Garde AH, Persson R. Sources of biological and methodological variation in salivary cortisol and their impact on measurement among healthy adults: A review. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 68:448-58. [PMID: 18609093 DOI: 10.1080/00365510701819127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Laonigro
- Department of Medical and Occupational Sciences; Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Michele Correale
- Department of Cardiology; ‘Ospedali Riuniti’ OO.RR, University of Foggia; viale L Pinto, 1 71100 Foggia Italy
| | - Matteo Di Biase
- Department of Cardiology; ‘Ospedali Riuniti’ OO.RR, University of Foggia; viale L Pinto, 1 71100 Foggia Italy
| | - Emanuele Altomare
- Department of Medical and Occupational Sciences; Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
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15
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Djoussé L, Gaziano JM. Alcohol consumption and heart failure in hypertensive US male physicians. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102:593-7. [PMID: 18721518 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although alcohol drinking increases blood pressure and heavy drinking has been associated with alcoholic cardiomyopathy, little is known about the association between light to moderate drinking and risk of heart failure (HF) in hypertensive subjects. Thus, the association between light to moderate drinking and incident HF in 5,153 hypertensive male physicians who were free of stroke, myocardial infarction, or major cancers at baseline was prospectively examined. Alcohol consumption was self-reported and classified as <1, 1 to 4, 5 to 7, and >or=8 drinks/week. HF was ascertained using follow-up questionnaires and validated using Framingham criteria. Average age was 58 years, and about 70% of subjects consumed 1 to 7 drinks/week. A total of 478 incident HF cases occurred in this cohort during follow-up. Compared with subjects consuming <1 drink/week, hazard ratios for HF were 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70 to 1.12), 0.72 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.91), and 0.38 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.72) for alcohol consumption of 1 to 4, 5 to 7, and >or=8 drinks/week after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking, randomization group, use of multivitamins, vegetable consumption, breakfast cereal, exercise, and history of atrial fibrillation, respectively (p for trend <0.001). Similar results were obtained for subjects with HF with and without antecedent myocardial infarction and those without diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, our data suggested that light to moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a lower risk of HF in hypertensive male physicians.
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospitalization among the elderly, and 1 in 5 adults aged 40 years will develop HF in their lifetime. Data on the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on the risk of HF have been sparse and inconsistent. This study sought to evaluate the association between moderate alcohol consumption and incident HF. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 21,601 participants of the Physicians' Health Study I who were free of HF and provided data on alcohol intake at baseline were prospectively followed up from 1982 to 2005. Incident HF cases were ascertained through annual follow-up questionnaires and validated with the use of Framingham criteria. During an average follow-up of 18.4 years, 904 incident cases of HF occurred. The crude incidence rates of HF were 25.0, 20.0, 24.3, and 20.6 cases per 10,000 person-years for alcohol categories of <1, 1 to 4, 5 to 7, and >7 drinks per week, respectively. Corresponding hazard ratios (95% CI) were 1.0 (reference), 0.90 (0.76 to 1.07), 0.84 (0.71 to 0.99), and 0.62 (0.41 to 0.96), respectively, with P for trend=0.012 adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, and history of valvular heart disease. There was no evidence for a strong association between moderate alcohol consumption and HF without antecedent coronary artery disease. CONCLUSIONS Although heavy drinking should be discouraged, our data indicate that moderate drinking may lower the risk of HF. The lack of an association between moderate alcohol intake and HF without antecedent coronary artery disease suggests that possible benefits of moderate drinking on HF may be mediated through beneficial effects of alcohol on coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont St, 3rd Floor, Boston MA 02120, USA.
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17
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Djoussé L, Hunt SC, Eckfeldt JH, Arnett DK, Province MA, Ellison RC. Alcohol consumption and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (from the HyperGEN study). Am J Cardiol 2006; 98:628-32. [PMID: 16923450 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, underlying physiologic mechanisms are not fully understood. Data relating alcohol intake to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) have been inconsistent. We evaluated whether alcohol consumption was associated with plasma ANP in 1,345 participants from the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN) study. We used random effect models to estimate the adjusted means of logarithmic transformed ANP. The mean age was 35.8 +/- 8.6 years, 91% were normotensive, 46% were men, and 40% and 60% were African-Americans and whites, respectively. In a model adjusting for age, body mass index, field center, education, gender, race, and serum albumin, alcohol consumption was positively associated with ANP in men (p < 0.0001 for trend) and women (p = 0.0014) and in African-Americans (p = 0.006) and whites (p < 0.0001). The adjusted mean of log-transformed ANP was 3.68, 3.67, 3.77, 3.76, 3.86, and 3.91 pg/ml in lifetime abstainers, former drinkers, and current drinkers of 1 to 6, 7 to 12, 13 to 24, and > 24 g/d, respectively. Controlling for additional factors, including left atrial size, ejection fraction, left ventricular mass, end-diastolic volume, systolic blood pressure, smoking, lipids, and serum creatinine did not change the results. Restriction to normotensive subjects yielded similar results. Alcohol intake was associated positively with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.0001 each for trend). In conclusion, our data have shown a positive and linear association between alcohol consumption and ANP in men and women, irrespective of race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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18
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19
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Fernández-Solà J. Consumo de alcohol y riesgo cardiovascular. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1889-1837(05)71546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Zimmermann U, Spring K, Wittchen HU, Himmerich H, Landgraf R, Uhr M, Holsboer F. Arginine vasopressin and adrenocorticotropin secretion in response to psychosocial stress is attenuated by ethanol in sons of alcohol-dependent fathers. J Psychiatr Res 2004; 38:385-93. [PMID: 15203290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2003] [Revised: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Familial risk and environmental stress promote the development of alcohol dependence. We investigated whether a positive family history of alcoholism affects the neuroendocrine response to a standardized laboratory stress test in healthy subjects without alcohol use disorders. Twenty-four high-risk subjects with a paternal history of alcoholism (PHA) and 16 family history negative (FHN) controls were evaluated. Psychosocial stress was induced by having subjects deliver a 5-min speech and mental arithmetics in front of an audience on separate days, after drinking either placebo or ethanol (0.6 g/kg) in a randomized sequence. Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was measured in 10 plasma samples covering up to 75 min after the stress test. Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) was determined before the stressor, at the time of maximum ACTH secretion, and at 75 min after stress onset. The stress test induced a phasic increase in ACTH secretion. At the time of maximum ACTH, AVP was significantly increased in relation to baseline. Compared to placebo, alcohol administration significantly attenuated maximum ACTH concentration in PHA but not FHN subjects, and decreased AVP measured in the same samples in PHA but not FHN subjects. We conclude that activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system by psychosocial stress is accompanied by an increase in peripheral plasma AVP levels. Secretion of both ACTH and AVP suggest that alcohol attenuates the stress response selectively in PHA but not FHN subjects. This might imply some short-term positive alcohol effect in sons of alcoholics, but also constitute a mechanism by which their risk to develop alcohol use disorders is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zimmermann
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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21
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Kokavec A, Crowe SF. The consequences of imbibing alcohol in the absence of adequate nutrition: the salt and water hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2001; 57:667-72. [PMID: 11918423 DOI: 10.1054/mehy.2001.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol can have an effect on almost every cell in the human body and it is becoming increasingly clear that when alcohol is consumed the prior nutritional status of the individual may be an important factor for long-term health. The salt and water hypothesis integrates the biochemical findings from the current alcohol literature and proposes a mechanism by which alcohol consumption prior to food intake may cause a transient alteration in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis due to an alcohol-induced impairment in electrolyte regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kokavec
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Kokavec A, Crowe SF. The effect of a moderate level of white wine consumption on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis before and after a meal. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2001; 70:243-50. [PMID: 11701194 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional status of the individual at the time of alcohol consumption may mediate the rate of alcohol absorption and metabolism, thus influencing the systemic effect of alcohol on the body. The aim in the present investigation was to assess the effect of moderate white wine consumption on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis under variable nutritional conditions. Seven males aged between 19 and 22 years participated in all aspects of the current investigation. The experimental procedure for the fasting trial required participants to ingest either 4 standard units of alcohol (40 g) or the equivalent amount of placebo over a 135-min period before consuming food for 45 min. Alternatively, in the feeding trial, food was consumed for 45 min prior to participants ingesting either 4 standard units of alcohol (40 g) or the equivalent amount of placebo over a 135-min period. Blood alcohol, salivary cortisol, and salivary dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were assessed at 45-min intervals during the 180-min experimental periods. The results demonstrated a significant alcohol-induced decrease in salivary cortisol irrespective of nutritional status and a significant decrease in salivary DHEAS when alcohol is consumed alone under fasting conditions only. It was concluded that moderate white wine consumption may promote a transient alteration in the functioning of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kokavec
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
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23
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Fukuda S, Morimoto K. Lifestyle, stress and cortisol response: Review II : Lifestyle. Environ Health Prev Med 2001; 6:15-21. [PMID: 21432232 PMCID: PMC2723649 DOI: 10.1007/bf02897304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2000] [Accepted: 10/13/2000] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent lifestyle related diseases, it is important to modify lifestyle behavior. The control of mental stress level and prevention of mental stress-related diseases have become one of the most important problems in Japan. To check mental stress level objectively during the early stage of stress-related diseases and determine appropriate coping methods, it is necessary to design a useful index for mental stress. Cortisol is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex. This is an essential hormone to human survival, and plays a key role in adaptation to stress. In another review, we concluded that cortisol appears to be an adequate index for mental stress.However, lifestyle factors such as alcohol drinking, smoking, lack of exercise etc., are strongly associated with mental stress. Thus, in this review, we focus on the relationship between cortisol and lifestyle.The present findings suggested that lifestyle factors; smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, sleep and nutrition are strongly associated with cortisol levels, and it may be impossible to determine whether alterations in cortisol levels are due to mental stress.It was suggested that those lifestyle effects on not only mental stress itself but also cortisol levels should be considered, when assessing mental stress by cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukuda
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Course of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamada-oka, 563-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Kovács GL. The role of atrial natriuretic peptide in alcohol withdrawal: a peripheral indicator and central modulator? Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 405:103-12. [PMID: 11033318 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis may accompany and are likely to modify the clinical symptoms of alcohol-withdrawal reactions. It was of obvious theoretical and practical interest therefore to investigate the changes in the secretion of hormones, which regulate the fluid and electrolyte homeostasis (atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone and plasma renin activity) during alcohol withdrawal in chronic alcoholic patients. In a phase of severe withdrawal, there were increased plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels observed. In a phase of partial recovery, on the other hand, the elevated plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels were back to the normal range. In 60% of the patients, delirium tremens was gradually developing during the observation period. In these patients, an elevated level of atrial natriuretic peptide was observed at the time of hospital admission, i.e. days before the actual onset of delirium tremens. It is concluded that the disturbed volume homeostasis and the consequently altered plasma atrial natriuretic peptide secretion might be associated with, and therefore used as an indicator of the onset of delirium tremens. To study the role of central nervous atrial natriuretic peptide, mice were rendered tolerant to and dependent on alcohol with an alcohol-liquid diet for 14 days. Five hours after withdrawal from alcohol, withdrawal hyperexcitability symptoms were analyzed. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of atrial natriuretic peptide attenuated, whereas that of an antiserum against atrial natriuretic peptide intensified the severity of handling-induced convulsions. N-methyl-D-aspartate induced behavioral seizures in a dose-dependent manner, whose effect was more intensive during the alcohol-withdrawal period than in alcohol-naive animals. I.c.v. injections of atrial natriuretic peptide dose-dependently inhibited, whereas that of antiserum against atrial natriuretic peptide potentiated the seizure-inducing effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate in alcohol-dependent mice. Although tentatively, it is concluded that peripheral secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide may be an indicator, whereas central nervous atrial natriuretic peptide a neuropeptide modulator of alcohol-withdrawal symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Kovács
- Central Laboratory, Markusovszky Teaching Hospital, Markusovszky St. 3, H-9700, Szombathely, Hungary.
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25
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Kovács GL. Atrial natriuretic peptide modulates N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced hyperexcitability in ethanol-dependent mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 401:343-7. [PMID: 10936492 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of central nervous atrial natriuretic peptide was investigated for behavioral hyperexcitability in alcohol-dependent mice. Mice were made tolerant to and dependent on ethanol with an ethanol-liquid diet for 14 days. Five hours after withdrawal from ethanol, withdrawal symptoms were analyzed by scoring handling-induced convulsions. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induced behavioral seizures in a dose-dependent manner, an effect which was more intensive during the ethanol withdrawal period than in alcohol-naive animals. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide (atrial natriuretic peptide) dose-dependently inhibited, whereas injection of an antiserum against atrial natriuretic peptide potentiated, the seizure-inducing effect of NMDA in ethanol-dependent mice. The main conclusion is that central nervous atrial natriuretic peptide plays a modulatory role in behavioral hyperexcitability during alcohol withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Kovács
- Central Laboratory, Markusovszky Teaching Hospital, Markusovszky St. 3., H-9701, Szombathely, Hungary.
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