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Jennings MV, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Courchesne-Krak NS, Cupertino RB, Vilar-Ribó L, Bianchi SB, Hatoum AS, Atkinson EG, Giusti-Rodriguez P, Montalvo-Ortiz JL, Gelernter J, Artigas MS, Elson SL, Edenberg HJ, Fontanillas P, Palmer AA, Sanchez-Roige S. A phenome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation study of alcohol use variants in a diverse cohort comprising over 3 million individuals. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105086. [PMID: 38580523 PMCID: PMC11121167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is associated with numerous negative social and health outcomes. These associations may be direct consequences of drinking, or they may reflect common genetic factors that influence both alcohol consumption and other outcomes. METHODS We performed exploratory phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) of three of the best studied protective single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding ethanol metabolising enzymes (ADH1B: rs1229984-T, rs2066702-A; ADH1C: rs698-T) using up to 1109 health outcomes across 28 phenotypic categories (e.g., substance-use, mental health, sleep, immune, cardiovascular, metabolic) from a diverse 23andMe cohort, including European (N ≤ 2,619,939), Latin American (N ≤ 446,646) and African American (N ≤ 146,776) populations to uncover new and perhaps unexpected associations. These SNPs have been consistently implicated by both candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies of alcohol-related behaviours but have not been investigated in detail for other relevant phenotypes in a hypothesis-free approach in such a large cohort of multiple ancestries. To provide insight into potential causal effects of alcohol consumption on the outcomes significant in the PheWAS, we performed univariable two-sample and one-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses. FINDINGS The minor allele rs1229984-T, which is protective against alcohol behaviours, showed the highest number of PheWAS associations across the three cohorts (N = 232, European; N = 29, Latin American; N = 7, African American). rs1229984-T influenced multiple domains of health. We replicated associations with alcohol-related behaviours, mental and sleep conditions, and cardio-metabolic health. We also found associations with understudied traits related to neurological (migraines, epilepsy), immune (allergies), musculoskeletal (fibromyalgia), and reproductive health (preeclampsia). MR analyses identified evidence of causal effects of alcohol consumption on liability for 35 of these outcomes in the European cohort. INTERPRETATION Our work demonstrates that polymorphisms in genes encoding alcohol metabolising enzymes affect multiple domains of health beyond alcohol-related behaviours. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these effects could have implications for treatments and preventative medicine. FUNDING MVJ, NCK, SBB, SSR and AAP were supported by T32IR5226 and 28IR-0070. SSR was also supported by NIDA DP1DA054394. NCK and RBC were also supported by R25MH081482. ASH was supported by funds from NIAAA K01AA030083. JLMO was supported by VA 1IK2CX002095. JLMO and JJMM were also supported by NIDA R21DA050160. JJMM was also supported by the Kavli Postdoctoral Award for Academic Diversity. EGA was supported by K01MH121659 from the NIMH/NIH, the Caroline Wiess Law Fund for Research in Molecular Medicine and the ARCO Foundation Young Teacher-Investigator Fund at Baylor College of Medicine. MSA was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by the European Union Found: Fondo Social Europeo Plus (FSE+) (P19/01224, PI22/00464 and CP22/00128).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela V Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Orange, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Renata B Cupertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Vilar-Ribó
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sevim B Bianchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychology & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Atkinson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paola Giusti-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Janitza L Montalvo-Ortiz
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Orange, West Haven, CT, USA; National Center of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- VA CT Healthcare Center, Department Psychiatry, West Haven, CT, USA; Departments Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale Univ. School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Gu S, Li H, Pakstis AJ, Speed WC, Gurwitz D, Kidd JR, Kidd KK. Recent Selection on a Class I ADH Locus Distinguishes Southwest Asian Populations Including Ashkenazi Jews. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9090452. [PMID: 30205534 PMCID: PMC6162407 DOI: 10.3390/genes9090452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The derived human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)1B*48His allele of the ADH1B Arg48His polymorphism (rs1229984) has been identified as one component of an East Asian specific core haplotype that underwent recent positive selection. Our study has been extended to Southwest Asia and additional markers in East Asia. Fst values (Sewall Wright’s fixation index) and long-range haplotype analyses identify a strong signature of selection not only in East Asian but also in Southwest Asian populations. However, except for the ADH2B*48His allele, different core haplotypes occur in Southwest Asia compared to East Asia and the extended haplotypes also differ. Thus, the ADH1B*48His allele, as part of a core haplotype of 10 kb, has undergone recent rapid increases in frequency independently in the two regions after divergence of the respective populations. Emergence of agriculture may be the common factor underlying the evident selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gu
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Andrew J Pakstis
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - William C Speed
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Judith R Kidd
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Kenneth K Kidd
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Oniszczenko W, Rybakowski JK, Dragan WŁ, Grzywacz A, Samochowiec J. The ADH gene cluster SNP rs1789891 and temperamental dimensions in patients with alcohol dependence and affective disorders. Scand J Psychol 2015; 56:420-7. [PMID: 26013422 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study had three objectives: (1) to assess the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1789891 in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster and alcohol dependence and affective disorders; (2) to assess the differences in the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT) traits between an alcohol dependent group, an affective disorders group, and a healthy group; and (3) to assess the relationship between rs1789891 and temperament traits in a healthy group, taking into account the interaction of genotype and sex. The SNP rs1789891 was genotyped in a group of 194 alcohol dependent men, aged 21 to 71 years; 137 patients with affective disorders, including 51 males and 86 females, aged 19 to 85 years; and a group of 207 healthy individuals, including 89 males and 118 females, aged 18 to 71 years. Temperament traits (briskness, perseveration, sensory sensitivity, emotional reactivity, endurance, and activity) were assessed in all groups using the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour-Temperament Inventory. The comparative analysis of genotypic frequencies showed no significant differences between patients with alcoholism or affective disorders and those in the control group. Alcohol dependent men and the affective disorder group were characterised by higher levels of emotional reactivity (p-value 1.4e-5 and 9.84e-7, respectively) and lower levels of briskness, sensory sensitivity, endurance, and activity (p-value from 3.76e-8 to 0.012) when compared to the healthy group. The rs1789891 polymorphism was associated with briskness (p = 0.02), sensory sensitivity (p = 0.036), and activity (p = 0.049). None of the results were statistically significant after Bonferroni correction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Anna Grzywacz
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Ayhan Y, Gürel ŞC, Karaca Ö, Zoto T, Hayran M, Babaoğlu M, Yaşar Ü, Bozkurt A, Dilbaz N, Uluğ BD, Demir B. Association between ADH1C and ALDH2 polymorphisms and alcoholism in a Turkish sample. Nord J Psychiatry 2015; 69:233-9. [PMID: 25372623 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2014.972450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in the genes encoding alcohol metabolizing enzymes are associated with alcohol dependence. AIM To evaluate the association between the alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) Ile350Val and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) Glu504Lys polymorphisms and alcohol dependence in a Turkish sample. METHODS 235 individuals (115 alcohol-dependent patients and 120 controls) were genotyped for ADH1C and ALDH2 with PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Association between the polymorphisms and family history, daily and maximum amount of alcohol consumed was investigated. The associations between alcohol dependence, severity of consumption and family history and the polymorphisms were analyzed by chi-square or Fisher's exact test where necessary. Relationship between genotypes and dependence related features was evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The -350Val allele for ADH1C (ADH1C*2) was increased in alcohol-dependent patients (P = 0.05). In individuals with a positive family history, the genotype distribution differed significantly (P = 0.031) and more patients carried the Val allele compared with controls (P = 0.025). Genotyping of 162 participants did not reveal the -504Lys allele in ALDH2. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ADH1C*2 is associated with alcohol dependence in the Turkish population displaying a dominant inheritance model. ADH1C*2 allele may contribute to the variance in heritability of alcohol dependence. The ALDH2 -504Lys/Lys or Glu/Lys genotypes were not present in alcohol-dependent patients, similar to that seen in European populations and in contrast to the findings in the Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Ayhan
- Yavuz Ayhan, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry , 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara , Turkey
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Norden-Krichmar TM, Gizer IR, Wilhelmsen KC, Schork NJ, Ehlers CL. Protective variant associated with alcohol dependence in a Mexican American cohort. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:136. [PMID: 25527893 PMCID: PMC4337107 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Mexican Americans, particularly those born in the United States, are at greater risk for alcohol associated morbidity and mortality. The present study sought to investigate whether specific genetic variants may be associated with alcohol use disorder phenotypes in a select population of Mexican American young adults. Methods The study evaluated a cohort of 427 (age 18 – 30 years) Mexican American men (n = 171) and women (n = 256). Information on alcohol dependence was obtained through interview using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA). For all subjects, DNA was extracted from blood samples, followed by genotyping using an Affymetrix Axiom Exome1A chip. Results A protective variant (rs991316) located downstream from the ADH7 (alcohol dehydrogenase 7) gene showed suggestive significance in association with alcohol dependence symptom counts derived from DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria, as well as to clustered alcohol dependence symptoms. Additional linkage analysis suggested that nearby variants in linkage disequilibrium with rs991316 were not responsible for the observed association with the alcohol dependence phenotypes in this study. Conclusions ADH7 has been shown to have a protective role against alcohol dependence in previous studies involving other ethnicities, but has not been reported for Mexican Americans. These results suggest that variants near ADH7 may play a role in protection from alcohol dependence in this Mexican American cohort.
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Herreros-Villanueva M, Hijona E, Bañales JM, Cosme A, Bujanda L. Alcohol consumption on pancreatic diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:638-47. [PMID: 23429423 PMCID: PMC3574589 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i5.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the association between alcohol and pancreatic diseases has been recognized for a long time, the impact of alcohol consumption on pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer (PC) remains poorly defined. Nowadays there is not consensus about the epidemiology and the beverage type, dose and duration of alcohol consumption causing these diseases. The objective of this study was to review the epidemiology described in the literature for pancreatic diseases as a consequence of alcoholic behavior trying to understand the association between dose, type and frequency of alcohol consumption and risk of pancreatitis and PC. The majority of the studies conclude that high alcohol intake was associated with a higher risk of pancreatitis (around 2.5%-3% between heavy drinkers and 1.3% between non drinkers). About 70% of pancreatitis are due to chronic heavy alcohol consumption. Although this incidence rate differs between countries, it is clear that the risk of developing pancreatitis increases with increasing doses of alcohol and the average of alcohol consumption vary since 80 to 150 g/d for 10-15 years. With regard to PC, the role of alcohol consumption remains less clear, and low to moderate alcohol consumption do not appear to be associated with PC risk, and only chronic heavy drinking increase the risk compared with lightly drinkers. In a population of 10%-15% of heavy drinkers, 2%-5% of all PC cases could be attributed to alcohol consumption. However, as only a minority (less than 10% for pancreatitis and 5% for PC) of heavily drinkers develops these pancreatic diseases, there are other predisposing factors besides alcohol involved. Genetic variability and environmental exposures such as smoking and diet modify the risk and should be considered for further investigations.
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Celorrio D, Bujanda L, Caso C, Landabaso M, Oria JC, Ogando J, de Pancorbo MM. A comparison of Val81Met and other polymorphisms of alcohol metabolising genes in patients and controls in Northern Spain. Alcohol 2012; 46:427-31. [PMID: 22560290 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study polymorphism in the TH, ADH1B, ADH1C, ALDH2 and CYP2E1 genes so as to ascertain whether it is associated with excessive consumption of alcohol. The SNPs rs6356 of TH, rs1229984, rs2066702 of ADH1B; rs698, rs1693482 of ADH1C; rs671 of ALDH2; rs72559710, rs55897648, rs6413419, rs3813867, rs2031920, rs6413432 of CYP2E1 were studied in a sample of 172 high-level patients and 150 fully non-drinkers controls. Genotyping was performed using Rt-PCR with Taqman probes. SNPs located at ALDH2 and CYP2E1 showed no heterozygosity. Frequency distribution showed significant differences between the two groups studied for loci TH and ADH1B. The genotype Val/Val of TH locus increased in risk 1.988 times (95% CI: 1.006-3.930) that the subjects carrying the genotype Met/Met; and the genotype ADH1B*1/*1 of ADH1B locus increased in risk 3.811 times (CI: 1.660-8.749) that the subjects carrying the genotype ADH1B*1/*2. Alleles Val and ADH1B*1 may therefore increase the risk of the onset and development of this illness.
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