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Pinson MR, Chung DD, Mahnke AH, Salem NA, Osorio D, Nair V, Payne EA, Del Real JJ, Cai JJ, Miranda RC. Gag-like proteins: Novel mediators of prenatal alcohol exposure in neural development. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:556-569. [PMID: 35187673 PMCID: PMC9018584 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background We previously showed that ethanol did not kill fetal neural stem cells (NSCs), but that their numbers nevertheless are decreased due to aberrant maturation and loss of self‐renewal. To identify mechanisms that mediate this loss of NSCs, we focused on a family of Gag‐like proteins (GLPs), derived from retroviral gene remnants within mammalian genomes. GLPs are important for fetal development, though their role in brain development is virtually unexplored. Moreover, GLPs may be transferred between cells in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and thereby transfer environmental adaptations between cells. We hypothesized that GLPs may mediate some effects of ethanol in NSCs. Methods Sex‐segregated male and female fetal murine cortical NSCs, cultured ex vivo as nonadherent neurospheres, were exposed to a dose range of ethanol and to mitogen‐withdrawal‐induced differentiation. We used siRNAs to assess the effects of NSC‐expressed GLP knockdown on growth, survival, and maturation and in silico GLP knockout, in an in vivo single‐cell RNA‐sequencing dataset, to identify GLP‐mediated developmental pathways that were also ethanol‐sensitive. Results PEG10 isoform‐1, isoform‐2, and PNMA2 were identified as dominant GLP species in both NSCs and their EVs. Ethanol‐exposed NSCs exhibited significantly elevated PEG10 isoform‐2 and PNMA2 protein during differentiation. Both PEG10 and PNMA2 were mediated apoptosis resistance and additionally, PEG10 promoted neuronal and astrocyte lineage maturation. Neither GLP influenced metabolism nor cell cycle in NSCs. Virtual PEG10 and PNMA2 knockout identified gene transcription regulation and ubiquitin‐ligation processes as candidate mediators of GLP‐linked prenatal alcohol effects. Conclusions Collectively, GLPs present in NSCs and their EVs may confer apoptosis resistance within the NSC niche and contribute to the abnormal maturation induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa R Pinson
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Dae D Chung
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda H Mahnke
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA.,Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Nihal A Salem
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Osorio
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Vijay Nair
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Payne
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan J Del Real
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - James J Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Center for Statistical Bioinformatics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA.,Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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2
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Rodriguez FD, Coveñas R. Biochemical Mechanisms Associating Alcohol Use Disorders with Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143548. [PMID: 34298760 PMCID: PMC8306032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Of all yearly deaths attributable to alcohol consumption globally, approximately 12% are due to cancers, representing approximately 0.4 million deceased individuals. Ethanol metabolism disturbs cell biochemistry by targeting the structure and function of essential biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) and by provoking alterations in cell programming that lead to cancer development and cancer malignancy. A better understanding of the metabolic and cell signaling realm affected by ethanol is paramount to designing effective treatments and preventive actions tailored to specific neoplasias. Abstract The World Health Organization identifies alcohol as a cause of several neoplasias of the oropharynx cavity, esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, larynx, liver, or female breast. We review ethanol’s nonoxidative and oxidative metabolism and one-carbon metabolism that encompasses both redox and transfer reactions that influence crucial cell proliferation machinery. Ethanol favors the uncontrolled production and action of free radicals, which interfere with the maintenance of essential cellular functions. We focus on the generation of protein, DNA, and lipid adducts that interfere with the cellular processes related to growth and differentiation. Ethanol’s effects on stem cells, which are responsible for building and repairing tissues, are reviewed. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) of different origins suffer disturbances related to the expression of cell surface markers, enzymes, and transcription factors after ethanol exposure with the consequent dysregulation of mechanisms related to cancer metastasis or resistance to treatments. Our analysis aims to underline and discuss potential targets that show more sensitivity to ethanol’s action and identify specific metabolic routes and metabolic realms that may be corrected to recover metabolic homeostasis after pharmacological intervention. Specifically, research should pay attention to re-establishing metabolic fluxes by fine-tuning the functioning of specific pathways related to one-carbon metabolism and antioxidant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco D. Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-677-510-030
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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3
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Canciello A, Teti G, Mazzotti E, Falconi M, Russo V, Giordano A, Barboni B. Progesterone Prolongs Viability and Anti-inflammatory Functions of Explanted Preterm Ovine Amniotic Membrane. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:135. [PMID: 32258004 PMCID: PMC7089934 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic membrane (AM) is considered an important medical device with many applications in regenerative medicine. The therapeutic properties of AM are due to its resistant extracellular matrix and to the large number of bioactive molecules released by its cells. An important goal that still remains to be achieved is the identification of cultural and preservation protocols able to maintain in time the membrane morphology and the biological properties of its cells. Recently, our research group demonstrated that progesterone (P4) is crucial in preventing the loss of the epithelial phenotype of amniotic epithelial cells in vitro. Followed by this premise, it has been evaluated whether P4 may also affect AM properties in a short-term culture. Results confirm that P4 preserves AM integrity and architecture with respect to untreated AM, which showed alterations in morphology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses demonstrate that P4 also maintains unaltered cell-cell junctions, nuclear status, and intracellular organelles. On the contrary, an untreated AM experienced an extensive cell death and a strong reduction of immunomodulatory properties, measured in terms of anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion. Overall, these results could open to new strategies to ameliorate the protocols for cryopreservation and tissue culture, which represent preliminary stages of AM application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Canciello
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gabriella Teti
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mazzotti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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4
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Serio RN, Gudas LJ. Modification of stem cell states by alcohol and acetaldehyde. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 316:108919. [PMID: 31846616 PMCID: PMC7036011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) is a recreationally ingested compound that is both teratogenic and carcinogenic in humans. Because of its abundant consumption worldwide and the vital role of stem cells in the formation of birth defects and cancers, delineating the effects of EtOH on stem cell function is currently an active and urgent pursuit of scientific investigation to explicate some of the mechanisms contributing to EtOH toxicity. Stem cells represent a primordial, undifferentiated phase of development; thus encroachment on normal physiologic processes of differentiation into terminal lineages by EtOH can greatly alter the function of progenitors and terminally differentiated cells, leading to pathological consequences that manifest as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and cancers. In this review we explore the disruptive role of EtOH in differentiation of stem cells. Our primary objective is to elucidate the mechanisms by which EtOH alters differentiation-related gene expression and lineage specifications, thus modifying stem cells to promote pathological outcomes. We additionally review the effects of a reactive metabolite of EtOH, acetaldehyde (AcH), in causing both differentiation defects in stem cells as well as genomic damage that incites cellular aging and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Serio
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, USA.
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, USA.
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Serio RN, Lu C, Gross SS, Gudas LJ. Different Effects of Knockouts in ALDH2 and ACSS2 on Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1859-1871. [PMID: 31283017 PMCID: PMC6722009 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH) is a teratogen that causes severe birth defects, but the mechanisms by which EtOH affects stem cell differentiation are unclear. Our goal here is to examine the effects of EtOH and its metabolites, acetaldehyde (AcH) and acetate, on embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. METHODS We designed ESC lines in which aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2, NCBI#11669) and acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2, NCBI#60525) were knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We selected these genes because of their key roles in EtOH oxidation in order to dissect the effects of EtOH metabolism on differentiation. RESULTS By using kinetic assays, we confirmed that AcH is primarily oxidized by ALDH2 rather than ALDH1A2. We found increases in mRNAs of differentiation-associated genes (Hoxa1, Cyp26a1, and RARβ2) upon EtOH treatment of WT and Acss2-/- ESCs, but not Aldh2-/- ESCs. The absence of ALDH2 reduced mRNAs of some pluripotency factors (Nanog, Sox2, and Klf4). Treatment of WT ESCs with AcH or 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), another substrate of ALDH2, increased differentiation-associated transcripts compared to levels in untreated cells. mRNAs of genes involved in retinoic acid (RA) synthesis (Stra6 and Rdh10) were also increased by EtOH, AcH, and 4-HNE treatment. Retinoic acid receptor-γ (RARγ) is required for both EtOH- and AcH-mediated increases in Hoxa1 and Stra6, demonstrating the critical role of RA:RARγ signaling in AcH-induced ESC differentiation. CONCLUSIONS ACSS2 knockouts showed no changes in differentiation phenotype, while pluripotency-related transcripts were decreased in ALDH2 knockout ESCs. We demonstrate that AcH increases differentiation-associated mRNAs in ESCs via RARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Serio
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Changyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Steven S Gross
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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6
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Bukiya AN, Dopico AM. Fetal Cerebral Circulation as Target of Maternal Alcohol Consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1006-1018. [PMID: 29672868 PMCID: PMC5984173 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) is one of the most widely used psychoactive substances worldwide. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy may result in a wide range of morphological and neurodevelopmental abnormalities termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), with the most severe cases diagnosed as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). FAS and FASD are not readily curable and currently represent the leading preventable causes of birth defect and neurodevelopmental delay in the United States. The etiology of FAS/FASD remains poorly understood. This review focuses on the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on fetal cerebrovascular function. A brief introduction to the epidemiology of alcohol consumption and the developmental characteristics of fetal cerebral circulation is followed by several sections that discuss current evidence documenting alcohol-driven alterations of fetal cerebral blood flow, artery function, and microvessel networks. The material offers mechanistic insights at the vascular level itself into the pathophysiology of PAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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7
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Hatch E, Morrow D, Liu W, Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Differential effects of alcohol and its metabolite acetaldehyde on vascular smooth muscle cell Notch signaling and growth. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H131-H137. [PMID: 29212792 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00586.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol (EtOH) consumption can variously affect cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to compare the effects of EtOH and its primary metabolite acetaldehyde (ACT) on vascular smooth muscle Notch signaling and cell growth, which are important for atherogenesis. Human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) were treated with EtOH (25 mM) or ACT (10 or 25 μM). As previously reported, EtOH inhibited Notch signaling and growth of HCASMCs. In contrast, ACT treatment stimulated HCASMC proliferation (cell counts) and increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, concomitant with stimulation of Notch signaling, as determined by increased Notch receptor (N1 and N3) and target gene (Hairy-related transcription factor 1-3) mRNA levels. Interaction of the ligand with the Notch receptor initiates proteolytic cleavage by α- and γ-secretase, resulting in the release of the active Notch intracellular domain. Neither EtOH nor ACT had any significant effect on α-secretase activity. A fluorogenic peptide cleavage assay demonstrated almost complete inhibition by EtOH of Delta-like ligand 4-stimulated γ-secretase activity in solubilized HCASMCs (similar to the effect of the control inhibitor DAPT) but no effect of ACT treatment. EtOH, but not ACT, affected the association and distribution of the γ-secretase catalytic subunit presenilin-1 with lipid rafts, as determined by dual fluorescent labeling and confocal microscopic visualization. In conclusion, ACT stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell Notch signaling and growth, effects opposite to those of EtOH. These differential actions on vascular smooth muscle cells of EtOH and its metabolite ACT may be important in mediating the ultimate effects of drinking on cardiovascular disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acetaldehyde stimulates, in a Notch-dependent manner, the vascular smooth muscle cell growth that contributes to atherogenesis; effects opposite to those of ethanol. These data suggest that in addition to ethanol itself, its metabolite acetaldehyde may also mediate some of the effects of alcohol consumption on vascular cells and, thus, cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Hatch
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - David Morrow
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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8
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Canciello A, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Bernabò N, Muttini A, Mattioli M, Barboni B. Progesterone prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovine amniotic epithelial cells and enhances their immunomodulatory properties. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3761. [PMID: 28630448 PMCID: PMC5476612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro expansion is detrimental to therapeutic applications of amniotic epithelial cells (AEC), an emerging source of fetal stem cells. This study provides molecular evidences of progesterone (P4) role in preventing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ovine AEC (oAEC). oAEC amplified under standard conditions spontaneously acquired mesenchymal properties through the up-regulation of EMT-transcription factors. P4 supplementation prevented phenotype shift by inhibiting the EMT-inducing mechanism such as the autocrine production of TGF-β and the activation of intracellular-related signaling. The effect of P4 still persisted for one passage after steroid removal from culture as well as steroid supplementation promptly reversed mesenchymal phenotype in oAEC which have experienced EMT during amplification. Furthermore, P4 promoted an acute up-regulation of pluripotent genes whereas enhanced basal and LPS-induced oAEC anti-inflammatory response with an increase in anti-inflammatory and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. Altogether, these results indicate that P4 supplementation is crucial to preserve epithelial phenotype and to enhance biological properties in expanded oAEC. Therefore, an innovative cultural approach is proposed in order to improve therapeutic potential of this promising source of epithelial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Canciello
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Valentina Russo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Nicola Bernabò
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Muttini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Mattioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise (IZSAM) "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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Huang B, Ning S, Zhuang L, Jiang C, Cui Y, Fan G, Qin L, Liu J. Ethanol Inactivated Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Maintain the Self-Renew and Proliferation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130332. [PMID: 26091287 PMCID: PMC4474813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) inactivated by mitomycin C or irradiation were applied to support the self-renew and proliferation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). To avoid the disadvangtages of mitomycin C and irradiation, here MEFs were treated by ethanol (ET). Our data showed that 10% ET-inactivated MEFs (eiMEFs) could well maintain the self-renew and proliferation of hESCs. hESCs grown on eiMEFs expressed stem cell markers of NANOG, octamer-binding protein 4 (OCT4), stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA4) and tumour related antigen-1-81 (TRA-1-81), meanwhile maintained normal karyotype after long time culture. Also, hESCs cocultured with eiMEFs were able to form embryoid body (EB) in vitro and develop teratoma in vivo. Moreover, eiMEFs could keep their nutrient functions after long time cryopreservation. Our results indicate that the application of eiMEF in hESCs culture is safe, economical and convenient, thus is a better choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxian Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Song Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Chunyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guoping Fan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States of America
| | - Lianju Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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10
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Gao W, Zhou P, Ma X, Tschudy-Seney B, Chen J, Magner NL, Revzin A, Nolta JA, Zern MA, Duan Y. Ethanol negatively regulates hepatic differentiation of hESC by inhibition of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112698. [PMID: 25393427 PMCID: PMC4231066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol insult triggers complex events in the liver, promoting fibrogenic/inflammatory signals and in more advanced cases, aberrant matrix deposition. It is well accepted that the regenerative capacity of the adult liver is impaired during alcohol injury. The liver progenitor/stem cells have been shown to play an important role in liver regeneration -in response to various chronic injuries; however, the effects of alcohol on stem cell differentiation in the liver are not well understood. METHODS We employed hepatic progenitor cells derived from hESCs to study the impact of ethanol on hepatocyte differentiation by exposure of these progenitor cells to ethanol during hepatocyte differentiation. RESULTS We found that ethanol negatively regulated hepatic differentiation of hESC-derived hepatic progenitor cells in a dose-dependent manner. There was also a moderate cell cycle arrest at G1/S checkpoint in the ethanol treated cells, which is associated with a reduced level of cyclin D1 in these cells. Ethanol treatment specifically inhibited the activation of the ERK but not JNK nor the p38 MAP signaling pathway. At the same time, the WNT signaling pathway was also reduced in the cells exposed to ethanol. Upon evaluating the effects of the inhibitors of these two signaling pathways, we determined that the Erk inhibitor replicated the effects of ethanol on the hepatocyte differentiation and attenuated the WNT/β-catenin signaling, however, inhibitors of WNT only partially replicated the effects of ethanol on the hepatocyte differentiation. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that ethanol negatively regulated hepatic differentiation of hESC-derived hepatic progenitors through inhibiting the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, and subsequently attenuating the WNT signaling pathway. Thus, our finding provides a novel insight into the mechanism by which alcohol regulates cell fate selection of hESC-derived hepatic progenitor cells, and the identified pathways may provide therapeutic targets aimed at promoting liver repair and regeneration during alcoholic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YD); (PZ)
| | - Xiaocui Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Tschudy-Seney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nataly L. Magner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jan A. Nolta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Zern
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YD); (PZ)
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Khalid O, Kim JJ, Kim HS, Hoang M, Tu TG, Elie O, Lee C, Vu C, Horvath S, Spigelman I, Kim Y. Gene expression signatures affected by alcohol-induced DNA methylomic deregulation in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:791-806. [PMID: 24751885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells, especially human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), are useful models to study molecular mechanisms of human disorders that originate during gestation. Alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) consumption during pregnancy causes a variety of prenatal and postnatal disorders collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). To better understand the molecular events leading to FASDs, we performed a genome-wide analysis of EtOH's effects on the maintenance and differentiation of hESCs in culture. Gene Co-expression Network Analysis showed significant alterations in gene profiles of EtOH-treated differentiated or undifferentiated hESCs, particularly those associated with molecular pathways for metabolic processes, oxidative stress, and neuronal properties of stem cells. A genome-wide DNA methylome analysis revealed widespread EtOH-induced alterations with significant hypermethylation of many regions of chromosomes. Undifferentiated hESCs were more vulnerable to EtOH's effect than their differentiated counterparts, with methylation on the promoter regions of chromosomes 2, 16 and 18 in undifferentiated hESCs most affected by EtOH exposure. Combined transcriptomic and DNA methylomic analysis produced a list of differentiation-related genes dysregulated by EtOH-induced DNA methylation changes, which likely play a role in EtOH-induced decreases in hESC pluripotency. DNA sequence motif analysis of genes epigenetically altered by EtOH identified major motifs representing potential binding sites for transcription factors. These findings should help in deciphering the precise mechanisms of alcohol-induced teratogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Khalid
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hyun-Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Hoang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thanh G Tu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Omid Elie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Connie Lee
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Catherine Vu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Box 957088, 4357A Gonda Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Igor Spigelman
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 63-078 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-022 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 8-684 Factor Building, Box 951781, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Kisspeptin-10 modulates the proliferation and differentiation of the rhesus monkey derived stem cell line: R366.4. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:135470. [PMID: 24381507 PMCID: PMC3863535 DOI: 10.1155/2013/135470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhesus monkey embryonic stem cell line R366.4 has been identified to differentiate into a number of cell types. However, it has not been well characterized for its response to drugs affecting reproductive endocrinology. Kisspeptins (KPs) are ligands for the GPR-54, which is known to modulate reproductive function. The current study was designed to determine the effect of the KP-10 peptide on R366.4 cells and to investigate the role of KP-GPR54 in the cell proliferation process. Four different doses (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nM) of KP-10 and control were selected to evaluate cell growth parameters and cellular morphological changes over a 72 hr period. The cells were treated with kisspeptin-10 during the early rosette stage. Proliferation rates, analyzed by flow cytometry and cell count methods, were found to be decreased after treatment. Moreover, the number of rosettes was found to decrease following KP-10 treatments. Morphological changes consisting of neuronal projections were also witnessed. This suggested that KP-10 had an antiproliferative effect on R366.4 cells leading to a differentiation state and morphological changes consistent with neuronal stem cell development. The R366.4 stem cell line differentiates based on kisspeptin signaling and may be used to investigate reproductive cell endocrinology in vitro.
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Ogony JW, Malahias E, Vadigepalli R, Anni H. Ethanol alters the balance of Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog expression in distinct subpopulations during differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2196-210. [PMID: 23470161 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog regulate within a narrow dose-range embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency and cell lineage commitment. Excess of Oct4 relative to Sox2 guides cells to mesoendoderm (ME), while abundance of Sox2 promotes neuroectoderm (NE) formation. Literature does not address whether ethanol interferes with these regulatory interactions during neural development. We hypothesized that ethanol exposure of ES cells in early differentiation causes an imbalance of Oct4 and Sox2 that diverts cells away from NE to ME lineage, consistent with the teratogenesis effects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. Mouse ES cells were exposed to ethanol (0, 25, 50, and 100 mM) during retinoic acid (10 nM)-directed differentiation to NE for 0-6 days, and the expression of Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog was measured in single live cells by multiparametric flow cytometry, and the cellular phenotype was characterized by immunocytochemistry. Our data showed an ethanol dose- and time-dependent asymmetric modulation of Oct4 and Sox2 expression, as early as after 2 days of exposure. Single-cell analysis of the correlated expression of Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog revealed that ethanol promoted distinct subpopulations with a high Oct4/Sox2 ratio. Ethanol-exposed cells differentiated to fewer β-III tubulin-immunoreactive cells with an immature neuronal phenotype by 4 days. We interpret these data as suggesting that ethanol diverted cells in early differentiation from the NE fate toward the ME lineage. Our results provide a novel insight into the mode of ethanol action and opportunities for discovery of prenatal biomarkers at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Ogony
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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