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Algburi AF, Dursun I, Garip Ustaoglu S. The investigation of the effects of postnatal alcohol exposure on molecular content and antioxidant capacity of mice liver tissue. Life Sci 2022; 310:121102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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2
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Lv X, Li S, Li J, Yu XY, Ge X, Li B, Hu S, Lin Y, Zhang S, Yang J, Zhang X, Yan J, Joyner AL, Shi H, Wu Q, Shi SH. Patterned cPCDH expression regulates the fine organization of the neocortex. Nature 2022; 612:503-511. [PMID: 36477535 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neocortex consists of a vast number of diverse neurons that form distinct layers and intricate circuits at the single-cell resolution to support complex brain functions1. Diverse cell-surface molecules are thought to be key for defining neuronal identity, and they mediate interneuronal interactions for structural and functional organization2-6. However, the precise mechanisms that control the fine neuronal organization of the neocortex remain largely unclear. Here, by integrating in-depth single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, progenitor lineage labelling and mosaic functional analysis, we report that the diverse yet patterned expression of clustered protocadherins (cPCDHs)-the largest subgroup of the cadherin superfamily of cell-adhesion molecules7-regulates the precise spatial arrangement and synaptic connectivity of excitatory neurons in the mouse neocortex. The expression of cPcdh genes in individual neocortical excitatory neurons is diverse yet exhibits distinct composition patterns linked to their developmental origin and spatial positioning. A reduction in functional cPCDH expression causes a lateral clustering of clonally related excitatory neurons originating from the same neural progenitor and a significant increase in synaptic connectivity. By contrast, overexpression of a single cPCDH isoform leads to a lateral dispersion of clonally related excitatory neurons and a considerable decrease in synaptic connectivity. These results suggest that patterned cPCDH expression biases fine spatial and functional organization of individual neocortical excitatory neurons in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Lv
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Centre for Comparative Biomedicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Yu
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ge
- Centre for Comparative Biomedicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhan Hu
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lin
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Songbo Zhang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yan
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Alexandra L Joyner
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hang Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Frontier Research Centre of Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Centre for Comparative Biomedicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Hai Shi
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Frontier Research Centre of Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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3
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Licheri V, Brigman JL. Altering Cell-Cell Interaction in Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Models: Insight on Cell-Adhesion Molecules During Brain Development. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:753537. [PMID: 34975396 PMCID: PMC8715949 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.753537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol exposure during pregnancy disrupts the development of the brain and produces long lasting behavioral and cognitive impairments collectively known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). FASDs are characterized by alterations in learning, working memory, social behavior and executive function. A large body of literature using preclinical prenatal alcohol exposure models reports alcohol-induced changes in architecture and activity in specific brain regions affecting cognition. While multiple putative mechanisms of alcohol’s long-lasting effects on morphology and behavior have been investigated, an area that has received less attention is the effect of alcohol on cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). The embryo/fetal development represents a crucial period for Central Nervous System (CNS) development during which the cell-cell interaction plays an important role. CAMs play a critical role in neuronal migration and differentiation, synaptic organization and function which may be disrupted by alcohol. In this review, we summarize the physiological structure and role of CAMs involved in brain development, review the current literature on prenatal alcohol exposure effects on CAM function in different experimental models and pinpoint areas needed for future study to better understand how CAMs may mediate the morphological, sensory and behavioral outcomes in FASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Licheri
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jonathan L Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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4
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Keller D, Erö C, Markram H. Cell Densities in the Mouse Brain: A Systematic Review. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:83. [PMID: 30405363 PMCID: PMC6205984 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse brain is the most extensively studied brain of all species. We performed an exhaustive review of the literature to establish our current state of knowledge on cell numbers in mouse brain regions, arguably the most fundamental property to measure when attempting to understand a brain. The synthesized information, collected in one place, can be used by both theorists and experimentalists. Although for commonly-studied regions cell densities could be obtained for principal cell types, overall we know very little about how many cells are present in most brain regions and even less about cell-type specific densities. There is also substantial variation in cell density values obtained from different sources. This suggests that we need a new approach to obtain cell density datasets for the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Keller
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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Bouskila J, Palmour RM, Bouchard JF, Ptito M. Retinal structure and function in monkeys with fetal alcohol exposure. Exp Eye Res 2018; 177:55-64. [PMID: 30071214 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ethanol in utero leads to several brain development disorders including retinal abnormalities whose underlying cellular pathogenesis remains elusive. We recently reported that fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) in vervet monkeys induces anomalies of full-field electroretinogram (ERG) waveforms that suggest premature aging of the retina. The goal of this study is to characterize the anatomo-functional mechanisms underlying the retinal changes observed in fetal alcohol exposed (FAE) monkeys, and age- and sex-matched normals. First, we examined in vivo the fundus of the eyes, measured intraocular pressure (IOP) and assessed cone activity using flicker ERG. Second, we investigated ex vivo, protein expression and anatomical organization of the retina using Western blotting, classical histology and immunohistochemistry. Our results indicated that the fundus of the eyes showed both, increased vascularization (tessellated fundus) and IOP in FAE monkeys. Furthermore, light-adapted flicker responses above 15 Hz were also significantly higher in FAE monkeys. Although there were no obvious changes in the overall anatomy in the FAE retina, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP, a potent marker of astrocytes) immunoreactivity was increased in the FAE retinal ganglion cell layer indicating a strong astrogliosis. These alterations were present in juvenile (2 years old) monkeys and persist in adults (8 years old). Moreover, using specific cell type markers, no significant modifications in the morphology of the photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and amacrine cells were observed. Our data indicate that FAE does indeed induce anatomical changes within the retinal ganglion cell layer that are reflected in the increased photosensitivity of the cone photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bouskila
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Behavioral Science Foundations, Saint Kitts and Nevis; School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Roberta M Palmour
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Behavioral Science Foundations, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | | | - Maurice Ptito
- School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Petrelli B, Weinberg J, Hicks GG. Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE): insights into FASD using mouse models of PAE. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:131-147. [PMID: 29370535 PMCID: PMC5991836 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential impact of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) varies considerably among exposed individuals, with some displaying serious alcohol-related effects and many others showing few or no overt signs of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). In animal models, variables such as nutrition, genetic background, health, other drugs, and stress, as well as dosage, duration, and gestational timing of exposure to alcohol can all be controlled in a way that is not possible in a clinical situation. In this review we examine mouse models of PAE and focus on those with demonstrated craniofacial malformations, abnormal brain development, or behavioral phenotypes that may be considered FASD-like outcomes. Analysis of these data should provide a valuable tool for researchers wishing to choose the PAE model best suited to their research questions or to investigate established PAE models for FASD comorbidities. It should also allow recognition of patterns linking gestational timing, dosage, and duration of PAE, such as recognizing that binge alcohol exposure(s) during early gestation can lead to severe FASD outcomes. Identified patterns could be particularly insightful and lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berardino Petrelli
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics; Regenerative Medicine Program, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, UBC Institute of Mental Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Geoffrey G. Hicks
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics; Regenerative Medicine Program, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Han J, Gao L, Dong J, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zheng J. Dopamine attenuates ethanol-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing rat retina via the cAMP/PKA pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1982-1990. [PMID: 28656313 PMCID: PMC5561998 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis has been identified as the primary cause of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), and the development of methods to prevent and treat FASD have been based on the mechanisms of alcohol-induced apoptosis. The present study aimed to explore the effects of dopamine on alcohol-induced neuronal apoptosis using whole-mount cultures of rat retinas (postnatal day 7). Retinas were initially incubated with ethanol (100, 200 or 500 mM), and in subsequent analyses retinas were co-incubated with ethanol (200 mM) and dopamine (10 µM). In addition, several antagonists and inhibitors were used, including a D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) antagonist (SCH23390; 10 µM), a D2R antagonist (raclopride; 40 µM), an adenosine A2A receptor (AA2AR) antagonist (SCH58261; 100 nM), an adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor (SQ22536; 100 µM) and a PKA inhibitor (H-89; 1 µM). The results demonstrated that exposure increased neuroapoptosis in the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) in a dose-dependent manner. Dopamine treatment significantly attenuated ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis. D1R, D2R and AA2AR antagonists partially inhibited the protective effects of dopamine against ethanol-induced apoptosis; similar results were observed with AC and PKA inhibitor treatments. In summary, the present study demonstrated that dopamine treatment may be able to attenuate alcohol-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing rat retina by activating D1R, D2R and AA2AR, and by upregulating cyclic AMP/protein kinase A signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junde Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Lingqi Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Yingtian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Mazhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jijian Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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8
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Jakubowska‐Dogru E, Elibol B, Dursun I, Yürüker S. Effects of prenatal binge‐like ethanol exposure and maternal stress on postnatal morphological development of hippocampal neurons in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jakubowska‐Dogru
- Middle East Technical UniversityFaculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biological SciencesAnkaraTurkey
| | - Birsen Elibol
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Medical BiologyIstanbulTurkey
| | - Ilknur Dursun
- Istanbul Kemerburgaz University, Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PhysiologyIstanbulTurkey
| | - Sinan Yürüker
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyAnkaraTurkey
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Haeussner E, Schmitz C, Frank HG, Edler von Koch F. Novel 3D light microscopic analysis of IUGR placentas points to a morphological correlate of compensated ischemic placental disease in humans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24004. [PMID: 27045698 PMCID: PMC4820778 DOI: 10.1038/srep24004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The villous tree of the human placenta is a complex three-dimensional (3D) structure with branches and nodes at the feto-maternal border in the key area of gas and nutrient exchange. Recently we introduced a novel, computer-assisted 3D light microscopic method that enables 3D topological analysis of branching patterns of the human placental villous tree. In the present study we applied this novel method to the 3D architecture of peripheral villous trees of placentas from patients with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR placentas), a severe obstetric syndrome. We found that the mean branching angle of branches in terminal positions of the villous trees was significantly different statistically between IUGR placentas and clinically normal placentas. Furthermore, the mean tortuosity of branches of villous trees in directly preterminal positions was significantly different statistically between IUGR placentas and clinically normal placentas. We show that these differences can be interpreted as consequences of morphological adaptation of villous trees between IUGR placentas and clinically normal placentas, and may have important consequences for the understanding of the morphological correlates of the efficiency of the placental villous tree and their influence on fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Haeussner
- Department of Anatomy II, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Department of Anatomy II, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Frank
- Department of Anatomy II, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Edler von Koch
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology Dritter Orden, Menzinger Str. 44, 80638 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Purpose We have observed that the commonly used ketamine/xylazine anesthesia mix can induce a focally severe and permanent corneal opacity. The purpose of this study was to establish the clinical and histological features of this deleterious side effect, its sensitivity with respect to age and anesthesia protocol, and approaches for avoiding it. Methods Young C57BL/6J, C57BLKS/J, and SJL/J mice were treated with permutations of anesthesia protocols and compared using slit-lamp exams, optical coherence tomography, histologic analyses, and telemetric measurements of body temperature. Results Ketamine/xylazine induces corneal damage in mice with a variable frequency. Among 12 experimental cohorts, corneal damage associated with ketamine/xylazine was observed in 9 of them. Despite various treatments to avoid corneal dehydration during anesthesia, the frequency of corneas experiencing damage among responding cohorts was 42% (26% inclusive of all cohorts), which is significantly greater than the natural prevalence (5%). The damage was consistent with band keratopathy. It appeared as a white or gray horizontal band located proximal to the pupil and was positive for subepithelial calcium deposition with von Kossa stain. Conclusions The sum of our clinical and histological observations is consistent with ketamine/xylazine-induced band keratopathy in mice. This finding is relevant for mouse studies involving the eye and/or vision-dependent behavioral assays, which would both be prone to artifact without appreciation of the damage caused by ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. Use of yohimbine is suggested as a practical means of avoiding this complication.
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Boyes WK, Degn LL, Martin SA, Lyke DF, Hamm CW, Herr DW. Neurophysiological assessment of auditory, peripheral nerve, somatosensory, and visual system functions after developmental exposure to ethanol vapors. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 43:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Role of early life exposure and environment on neurodegeneration: implications on brain disorders. Transl Neurodegener 2014; 3:9. [PMID: 24847438 PMCID: PMC4028099 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-3-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and retinal degeneration have been studied extensively and varying molecular mechanisms have been proposed for onset of such diseases. Although genetic analysis of these diseases has also been described, yet the mechanisms governing the extent of vulnerability to such diseases remains unresolved. Recent studies have, therefore, focused on the role of environmental exposure in progression of such diseases especially in the context of prenatal and postnatal life, explaining how molecular mechanisms mediate epigenetic changes leading to degenerative diseases. This review summarizes both the animal and human studies describing various environmental stimuli to which an individual or an animal is exposed during in-utero and postnatal period and mechanisms that promote neurodegeneration. The SNPs mediating gene environment interaction are also described. Further, preventive and therapeutic strategies are suggested for effective intervention.
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Chabenne A, Moon C, Ojo C, Khogali A, Nepal B, Sharma S. Biomarkers in fetal alcohol syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bgm.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Lantz CL, Pulimood NS, Rodrigues-Junior WS, Chen CK, Manhaes AC, Kalatsky VA, Medina AE. Visual defects in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:107. [PMID: 25346924 PMCID: PMC4191473 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to a multitude of neurological problems in offspring, varying from subtle behavioral changes to severe mental retardation. These alterations are collectively referred to as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Early alcohol exposure can strongly affect the visual system and children with FASD can exhibit an amblyopia-like pattern of visual acuity deficits even in the absence of optical and oculomotor disruption. Here, we test whether early alcohol exposure can lead to a disruption in visual acuity, using a model of FASD to mimic alcohol consumption in the last months of human gestation. To accomplish this, mice were exposed to ethanol (5 g/kg i.p.) or saline on postnatal days (P) 5, 7, and 9. Two to three weeks later we recorded visually evoked potentials to assess spatial frequency detection and contrast sensitivity, conducted electroretinography (ERG) to further assess visual function and imaged retinotopy using optical imaging of intrinsic signals. We observed that animals exposed to ethanol displayed spatial frequency acuity curves similar to controls. However, ethanol-treated animals showed a significant deficit in contrast sensitivity. Moreover, ERGs revealed a market decrease in both a- and b-waves amplitudes, and optical imaging suggest that both elevation and azimuth maps in ethanol-treated animals have a 10-20° greater map tilt compared to saline-treated controls. Overall, our findings suggest that binge alcohol drinking restricted to the last months of gestation in humans can lead to marked deficits in visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Lantz
- Department of Anatomy, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Department of Biology, University of Maryland , College Park, MD , USA
| | - Nisha S Pulimood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Wandilson S Rodrigues-Junior
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Universidade Federal Fluminense , Niteroi , Brazil
| | | | - Alex C Manhaes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Esteves Medina
- Department of Anatomy, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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15
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Elibol-Can B, Dursun I, Telkes I, Kilic E, Canan S, Jakubowska-Dogru E. Examination of age-dependent effects of fetal ethanol exposure on behavior, hippocampal cell counts, and doublecortin immunoreactivity in rats. Dev Neurobiol 2013; 74:498-513. [PMID: 24302592 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is known as a potent teratogen having adverse effects on brain and behavior. However, some of the behavioral deficits caused by fetal alcohol exposure and well expressed in juveniles ameliorate with maturation may suggest some kind of functional recovery occurring during postnatal development. The aim of this study was to reexamine age-dependent behavioral impairments in fetal-alcohol rats and to investigate the changes in neurogenesis and gross morphology of the hippocampus during a protracted postnatal period searching for developmental deficits and/or delays that would correlate with behavioral impairments in juveniles and for potential compensatory processes responsible for their amelioration in adults. Ethanol was delivered to the pregnant dams by intragastric intubation throughout 7-21 gestation days at daily dose of 6 g/kg. Isocaloric intubation and intact control groups were included. Locomotor activity, anxiety, and spatial learning tasks were applied to juvenile and young-adult rats from all groups. Unbiased stereological estimates of hippocampal volumes, the total number of pyramidal and granular cells, and double cortin expressing neurons were carried out for postnatal days (PDs) PD1, PD10, PD30, and PD60. Alcohol insult during second trimester equivalent caused significant deficits in the spatial learning in juvenile rats; however, its effect on hippocampal morphology was limited to a marginally lower number of granular cells in dentate gyrus (DG) on PD30. Thus, initial behavioral deficits and the following functional recovery in fetal-alcohol subjects may be due to more subtle plastic changes within the hippocampal formation but also in other structures of the extended hippocampal circuit. Further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Elibol-Can
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06531, Turkey
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16
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Effects of early postnatal alcohol exposure on the developing retinogeniculate projections in C57BL/6 mice. Alcohol 2013; 47:173-9. [PMID: 23402901 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on the adverse effects of perinatal exposure to ethanol (EtOH) on the developing visual system mainly focused on retinal and optic nerve morphology. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether earlier reported retinal and optic nerve changes are accompanied by anomalies in eye-specific fiber segregation in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). C57BL/6 mice pups were exposed to ethanol by intragastric intubation at either 3 or 4 g/kg from postnatal days (PD) 3-10, the third trimester equivalent to human gestation. Control (C) and intubation control (IC) groups not exposed to ethanol were included. On PD9, retinogeniculate projections were labeled by intraocular microinjections of cholera toxin-β (CTB) either conjugated to Alexa 488 (green) or 594 (red) administrated to the left and right eye, respectively. Pups were sacrificed 24 h after the last CTB injection. The results showed that ethanol exposure decreased the total number of dLGN neurons and significantly reduced the total dLGN projection as well as the contralateral and ipsilateral projection areas.
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Abstract
AIM To evaluate the visual magnocellular pathway by a coherent motion perception test in children with foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). METHODS Eighty-nine children (49 with verified FAS and 40 without FAS) aged from 10 to 16 years were included into the study. Both the study and the control group were children living in orphanages. A coherent motion perception test was used. The test consisted of 150 white moving dots on a black background presented in different signal-to-noise ratio conditions. The task was direction detection of the coherently moving dots whose percentage decreased at each step. RESULTS A significant difference between the two groups was found (p = 0.018). Children with FAS had lower coherent motion perception ability in all the signal-to-noise ratio conditions. A significant difference between difficulty levels (p < 0.001) was found for all subjects in both groups - decreasing the stimulus signal-to-noise level decreased the motion perception score. In both groups, the motion perception score differed for vertical and horizontal stimuli (p = 0.003) with better performance with vertical stimuli. CONCLUSION Impaired motion perception in FAS children could be indicative of a dorsal stream developmental dysfunction resulting from alcohol brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Gummel
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Deng JX, Liu X, Zang JF, Huang HE, Xi Y, Zheng H, Yao HL, Yu DM, Deng JB. The Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on the Developmental Retina of Mice. Alcohol Alcohol 2012; 47:380-5. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/ags025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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