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Jacqmin M, Livet V, Sonet J, Harel M, Viguier E, Moissonnier PH, Cachon T. Use of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Medial Compartment Disease of the Elbow in Dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2023; 36:132-138. [PMID: 36724814 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of medial coronoid process disease in unclear cases. STUDY DESIGN Fifteen elbows (on thirteen dogs) for which radiography and computed tomography did not lead to a clear diagnosis of medial coronoid process disease were included. On each elbow, ultrasonography was performed with a high frequency linear transducer (12-18Hz). Then, arthroscopic examination of the joint was performed by a surgeon who was unaware of ultrasonographic findings to confirm medial coronoid process disease. RESULTS At least one ultrasonographic lesion was detected in 13 out of 15 elbows. The main reported ultrasonographic lesions were joint effusion (10/15 elbows) and an abnormal shape of the medial coronoid process (irregular, ill-defined or fragmented) (9/15). CONCLUSION Ultrasonography can be a helpful additional diagnostic tool to confirm medial coronoid process disease of the elbow joint before performing arthroscopy in unclear cases. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the use of higher frequency transducers and determine if it could improve the diagnostic value of ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Jacqmin
- Small Animal Surgery, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Véronique Livet
- Small Animal Surgery, VetagroSup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Juliette Sonet
- Small Animal Imaging Department, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Mathieu Harel
- Small Animal Imaging Department, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Eric Viguier
- Small Animal Surgery, VetagroSup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | | | - Thibaut Cachon
- Small Animal Surgery, VetagroSup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
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Development of Real-Time Kinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (kMRI) Techniques for Studying the Kinematics of the Spine and Joints in Dogs-Preliminary Study on Cadavers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202790. [PMID: 36290176 PMCID: PMC9597841 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many orthopedic and neurological pathologic conditions can potentially lead to or be affected by joint instability. Standard magnetic resonance imaging, as a static technique that examine joints and body parts in functional rest, can underestimate or overlook key diagnostic findings. As a result, kinematic magnetic resonance imaging techniques were developed to evaluate joints and body parts under stress and load conditions or during movement. In human medicine, the real-time acquisition technique is one of the modalities for acquiring kinematic magnetic resonance imaging, and has gained popularity in recent years. This proof-of-concept study was designed to test the feasibility of real-time acquisition techniques in veterinary medicine for the first time. Based on the results of this preliminary cadaveric study, real-time kinematic magnetic resonance imaging may be a feasible and valuable procedure to be applied to the canine cervical spine and stifle joints. Moreover, given the ease of execution and the concise duration of acquisitions, it could be applied in a regular standard protocol MRI with little additional effort, risk, and cost. In this proof-of-concept study, a good visualization of the canine cervical spine and stifle joint was achieved, showing the potential of real-time acquisition techniques for clinical and research applications. Abstract Kinematic MRI (kMRI) is a novel human imaging technique that couples the excellent soft tissue contrast and multiplanar capabilities of traditional MRI with kinematic potential. The study’s goals are: (1) testing the feasibility of spinal cord and joints real-time kMRI; and (2) evaluating the quality of these kinematic studies as a new diagnostic option in veterinary medicine. Standard and real-time kinematic MRI were performed on cervical spine, elbow, and stifle joints of seven cadavers. Studies were repeated after a surgical insult aimed to create a certain degree of joint instability. A total of 56 MRI were performed—7 cervical spinal tracts, 3 elbow joints, and 4 stifle joints were examined. The technique was feasible in all the three regions examined. The images were considered of excellent quality for the stifle joint, good to fair for the cervical spine, whereas two of three elbow studies were considered to have unacceptable image quality. Additionally, real-time kMRI provided good to excellent information about stifle instability. Therefore we consider kMRI a promising technique in veterinary medicine. Further studies and an in vivo setting are needed to increase the quality of the kMRI images, and to fully evaluate clinical usefulness.
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Brown J. Orthopedic Imaging: A Practical Clinical Guide. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:869-906. [PMID: 35715113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Many imaging options are available to the practitioner both in-house and on a referral basis to help make a definitive diagnosis for orthopedic injuries. To guide treatment, a complete understanding of the nature and extent of the injury is ideal. While a thorough orthopedic physical examination is the first step, a complete diagnostic work-up will include at least one and often more than one imaging modality. The goal of this article is to discuss the imaging options for some of the more common orthopedic issues encountered in dogs to help guide the practitioner through the selection of which should be considered to accomplish a diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Brown
- Florida Veterinary Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 11016 North Dale Mabry Highway #202, Tampa, FL 33618, USA
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Ballester CO, Canet CS, García JIR, Salesa NF, Canet VS, Aguado CIS. Proximal Abduction Ulnar Osteotomy (PAUL): Short- and Long-Term Evaluation in Dogs Presenting Medial Compartment Disease. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040466. [PMID: 35203173 PMCID: PMC8868161 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Developmental elbow disease is one of the main causes of lameness in the canine species and occurs often in large and giant breed dogs. The most frequent manifestation of this pathology is known as medial compartment disease due to a physiological overload in the medial region of the elbow. It is considered as a complex disease and the treatment is focused on relieving the pain and slowing the progression of osteoarthritis. The Proximal Abduction Ulnar Osteotomy (PAUL) technique is one of the newest techniques whose purpose is the transmission of loads from the medial to the lateral compartment. In this prospective case series, the authors use the combination of elbow arthroscopy and the PAUL technique and report a significant improvement in clinical signs, showing a low major complications rate with a high degree of owner satisfaction. Abstract The aim of the study is to report the results obtained from performing a Proximal Abduction Ulnar Osteotomy (PAUL) technique in a cohort of dogs with medial compartment disease with short- and long-term follow-up, assessing the perception of the owners and describing the long-term complications associated with the technique. This is a clinical prospective study, including dogs diagnosed with medial compartment disease treated with elbow arthroscopy and PAUL between 2013 and 2020. Long-term follow-up data and postoperative complications were registered, and a questionnaire adapted from Fitzpatrick et al. 2009 was collected from owners. Thirty-three elbows in 26 dogs were included. The duration of follow-up ranged from 4 to 61 months (median: 24.76 months). At the end of the study, 73.1% of the owners reported excellent satisfaction and 74.1% of the owners would repeat the surgery in the same circumstances. The owner questionnaire showed a greater capacity to walk and run, without lameness and pain, and climb up and down stairs a year after surgery, being constant at the end of the study. Major postoperative complications were documented in 4/33 elbows (12.12%), including delayed union, implant failure, and osteophytosis of the medial aspect of the coronoid process. In conclusion, elbow arthroscopy and the PAUL technique achieved an evident improvement in the quality of life of patients with great satisfaction for most of the owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oliver Ballester
- Hospital Veterinario de Referencia UCV, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46018 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.C.); (N.F.S.); (V.S.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.O.B.); (C.I.S.A.)
| | - Carme Soler Canet
- Hospital Veterinario de Referencia UCV, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46018 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.C.); (N.F.S.); (V.S.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Redondo García
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Nuria Fernández Salesa
- Hospital Veterinario de Referencia UCV, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46018 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.C.); (N.F.S.); (V.S.C.)
| | - Vicente Sifre Canet
- Hospital Veterinario de Referencia UCV, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46018 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.C.); (N.F.S.); (V.S.C.)
| | - Claudio Iván Serra Aguado
- Hospital Veterinario de Referencia UCV, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46018 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.C.); (N.F.S.); (V.S.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.O.B.); (C.I.S.A.)
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Serrani D, Sassaroli S, Gallorini F, Salvaggio A, Tambella AM, Biagioli I, Palumbo Piccionello A. Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Different Treatments Adopted for Elbow Medial Compartment Disease in Dogs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020070. [PMID: 35202323 PMCID: PMC8880173 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial compartment disease is a common occurrence in dogs affected by elbow dysplasia. Despite many treatments suggested in the literature, only few studies reported comparative outcomes in the short and long term. The aim of this study is to report and compare short- and long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of dogs treated for medial compartment disease (MCD) by distal dynamic ulnar ostectomy (DUO), bi-oblique dynamic proximal ulnar osteotomy (BODPUO) and conservative management (CM). From 2016 to 2018, all medium to large dogs, aged between 5 and 12 months, affected by uni/bilateral MCD and treated by DUO, BODPUO or CM, were enrolled in this study and followed up for 24 months. Orthopedic and radiographic examinations were performed at T0, T2, T12 and T24 months after treatment. Lameness score, elbow arthralgia, elbow range of motion (ROM), osteoarthritis (OA) score and percentage of ulnar subtrochlear sclerosis (%STS) were evaluated at each time point. According to the treatment performed, dogs were divided into three groups: DUO, BODPUO and CM. Forty-five elbows from twenty-six dogs, treated with DUO (n = 17), BODPUO (n = 17) or CM (n = 11), were prospectively enrolled in the study. The patients enrolled in the CM group were older and showed more severe radiographic signs of OA, compared to those enrolled in the other two groups. Lameness and arthralgia scores (p < 10−4) were significantly decreased in patients that underwent surgical treatment and increased in patients managed conservatively (lameness p < 10−4, arthralgia p = 0.3068), at T12 and T24. OA score (p < 0.0040) and ROM (DUO, CM p < 10−4; BODPUO p = 0.0740) worsened in every study group, but %STS decreased in DUO (p = 0.0108), increased in the CM group (p = 0.0025) and remained unchanged in the BODPUO group (p = 0.2740). This study supports the clinical efficacy of DUO and BODPUO in reducing lameness, arthralgia and progression of %STS. Early diagnosis and surgical attention in patients affected by MCD can improve the short- and long-term outcome and reduce the progression of secondary changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Serrani
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Forest Corner Farm, Hangersley, Ringwood, Hampshire BH24 3JW, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Sassaroli
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi di Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (S.S.); (A.M.T.); (A.P.P.)
| | - Francesco Gallorini
- Clinica Veterinaria San Silvestro, 52043 Castiglion Fiorentino, Italy; (F.G.); (A.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Alberto Salvaggio
- Clinica Veterinaria San Silvestro, 52043 Castiglion Fiorentino, Italy; (F.G.); (A.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi di Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (S.S.); (A.M.T.); (A.P.P.)
| | - Ilaria Biagioli
- Clinica Veterinaria San Silvestro, 52043 Castiglion Fiorentino, Italy; (F.G.); (A.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Angela Palumbo Piccionello
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi di Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (S.S.); (A.M.T.); (A.P.P.)
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Imaging techniques in Veterinary Medicine. Part I: Radiography and Ultrasonography. Eur J Radiol Open 2021; 8:100382. [PMID: 34712745 PMCID: PMC8529508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2021.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Veterinary Medicine all the Imaging techniques are used and described but, due to organizational, managerial and, mostly, economical reasons, Radiography and Ultrasonography are the most used. Veterinary Radiology teaching has a relatively small number of educational credits in the degree courses but, nowday, educational opportunities are remarkably increased thanks to a number of post-degree courses and masters, organized both by the universities and private veterinary associations. The relevance of Diagnostic Imaging is particularly true in Veterinary Medicine, in which Radiology could be considered “indispensable” for diagnosis, prognosis and follow up. Furthermore, it should not be forgotten that the diagnostic image represents a “document” and, has a relevant role in legal medical debats. In this first part, Radiography and Ultrasonography are described.
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7
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Hebel M, Panek WK, Ruszkowski JJ, Nabzdyk M, Niedzielski D, Pituch KC, Jackson AM, Kiełbowicz M, Pomorska-Mól M. Computed tomography findings in a cohort of 169 dogs with elbow dysplasia - a retrospective study. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:296. [PMID: 34488762 PMCID: PMC8419939 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine elbow dysplasia (CED) is a complex developmental skeletal disorder associated with a number of pathological conditions within the cubital joint. Because CED is a heritable disease, it is important to identify and remove the affected animals from breeding. The first objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of medial coronoid process disease (MCPD) without (MCD) or with (FMCP) fragmented medial coronoid process, osteochondrosis (OC) and/or osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), ununited anconeal process (UAP), radio-ulnar incongruence (INC R-U) and humero-ulnar incongruence (INC H-U) in dogs with the use of CT imaging. The second aim was to determine the influence of demographics on the prevalence of investigated pathologies in dogs with clinical evidence of elbow dysplasia. Results In this retrospective study, CT data records of 169 dogs of different breeds presented to the small animal veterinary clinic from 2012 to 2018 were included. 69.23% of dogs diagnosed with CED were young (≤ 2 years old). The mean age of dogs presented with INC R-U was 1.68 ± 1.82 years, while in dogs without INC R-U the mean age was 2.64 ± 2.59 years. The mean age of dogs with INC H-U was 1.94 ± 2.06 years, while without INC H-U 3.29 ± 2.09 years. Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherd and Bernese Mountain dogs were most frequently presented with CED-associated lameness. In 122 dogs OA of varying severity was found. Conclusion INC H-U, FMCP and MCD were among the most frequently found components of CED found in the present study. OCD and UAP were the least frequently diagnosed. Dogs presented with INC R-U and INC H-U were significantly younger than dogs without these CED components. Boxers, Dog de Bordeaux, American Staffordshire terriers and mixed-breed dogs were diagnosed later in life than the other breeds. OA of varying severity was found in 72.18% of dogs. Males accounted for more than 75% of the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Hebel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Jakub J Ruszkowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland. .,University Centre for Veterinary Medicine, Szydłowska 43, 60-656, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Maria Nabzdyk
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz Niedzielski
- Small Animal Veterinary Clinic, Klinika Psa i Kota, ul. Bolesława Krzywoustego 105/21, 51-166, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna C Pituch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Med, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Aaron M Jackson
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Medvet Chicago, 3123 N. Clybourn Ave, Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
| | - Maciej Kiełbowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
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Vezzoni A, Benjamino K. Canine Elbow Dysplasia: Ununited Anconeal Process, Osteochondritis Dissecans, and Medial Coronoid Process Disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 51:439-474. [PMID: 33558015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elbow dysplasia is a major cause of front limb lameness in medium to large dog breeds. Underlying causes include ununited anconeal process, medial coronoid process disease, and osteochondritis dissecans. When a definitive diagnosis of elbow dysplasia is made, the surgeon can improve elbow function but cannot entirely prevent progression of osteoarthrosis. Conventional surgical treatment with joint debridement and removal of loose osteocartilaginous bodies is not rewarding if joint incongruity persists; the result is overloading and subchondral bone exposure with erosion of the cartilage of the medial humeral condyle and medial coronoid area of the ulna leading to medial compartment disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Vezzoni
- Clinica Veterinaria Vezzoni srl, via delle Vigne 190, Cremona 26100, Italy.
| | - Kevin Benjamino
- MedVet Medical and Cancer Centers for Pets, Columbus, 8155 Markhaven Drive, Columbus, OH 43235, USA
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McLarty E, Spriet M, Beylin D, Chou PY, Filliquist B, Marcellin-Little DJ, Kapatkin AS. Comparison of 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography and CT: An exploratory study in 12 dogs with elbow pain. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 62:498-506. [PMID: 33855752 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
18F-Sodium Fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) provides high resolution functional information about bone activity and can be fused with CT images to improve three-dimensional localization and characterization of lesions. This prospective, observational study assessed 18F-NaF PET-CT for imaging of canine elbows, compared PET with CT findings, and assessed correlation with lameness. Twelve patients with elbow pain were included. Cases included primarily young, large breed dogs. A three-level clinical lameness score was assigned to each forelimb. All dogs had bilateral elbow joints imaged with CT and PET under general anesthesia, approximately 1.5 h after intravenous injection of 3 MBq/kg of 18F-NaF. Imaging findings were independently reviewed by two radiologists using a three-level scoring scheme over nine anatomical regions in the elbow. PET imaging identified areas of bone activity where minimal change was identified on CT. PET imaging also demonstrated absence of uptake in areas where modeling was present on CT. A stronger correlation was observed between clinical grades and PET scores (r2 = 0.38, P = .001) than between clinical grades and CT scores (r2 = 0.17, P = .048). The total PET scores were significantly different for each clinical grade (P = .013) but total CT scores did not differ (P = .139). This exploratory study suggests that PET improves the ability to detect lesions and to determine the clinical significance of CT findings in dogs with elbow pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehren McLarty
- University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mathieu Spriet
- University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis, California, USA
| | - David Beylin
- Brain Biosciences, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Po-Yen Chou
- University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis, California, USA
| | - Barbro Filliquist
- University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis, California, USA
| | - Denis J Marcellin-Little
- University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amy S Kapatkin
- University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis, California, USA
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Hersh-Boyle RA, Chou PY, Kapatkin AS, Spriet M, Filliquist B, Garcia TC, Marcellin-Little DJ. Comparison of needle arthroscopy, traditional arthroscopy, and computed tomography for the evaluation of medial coronoid disease in the canine elbow. Vet Surg 2021; 50 Suppl 1:O116-O127. [PMID: 33576043 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic value of still images of needle arthroscopy (SNAR), still images of traditional arthroscopy (STAR), and computed tomography (CT) to diagnose medial coronoid process (MCP) pathology. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 17) presented for evaluation of elbow dysplasia. METHODS For each case, two SNAR and STAR images of the MCP were reviewed independently and in random order by three board-certified surgeons. Computed tomographic images were reviewed by one board-certified radiologist. Reviewers were blinded to surgical and clinical findings. Surgical findings from real-time TAR with palpation were used as the gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and concordance statistics tests for the diagnostic accuracy of MCP fissure, MCP fragment, medial compartment condition, and cartilage score were calculated. RESULTS Images of 27 elbows joints were reviewed. For MCP fissure detection, areas under the ROC curves for CT (0.84), STAR (0.73), and SNAR (0.57) did not differ. For the detection of MCP fragment, STAR had a larger area under the ROC curve (0.93) compared with SNAR (0.74, P = .015) and CT (0.54, P < .001). Still images of TAR and SNAR had comparable concordance for cartilage score (0.80 and 0.77, respectively) and medial compartment pathology (0.80 and 0.73, respectively). CONCLUSION Still images of NAR, STAR, and CT had similar diagnostic value to identify MCP fissures. Still images of TAR was superior to SNAR and CT to identify MCP fragments. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The diagnostic accuracy of SNAR varied on the basis of the coronoid lesion being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Hersh-Boyle
- William R Prichard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Po-Yen Chou
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Amy S Kapatkin
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Mathieu Spriet
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Barbro Filliquist
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Tanya C Garcia
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Denis J Marcellin-Little
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
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Wennemuth J, Tellhelm B, Eley N, von Pückler K. Computed Tomography Enhances Diagnostic Accuracy in Challenging Medial Coronoid Disease Cases: An Imaging Study in Dog Breeding Appeal Cases. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2020; 33:356-362. [PMID: 32712948 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the radiographic sensitivity in detecting medial coronoid disease (MCD), using computed tomography (CT) as reference in dogs presented for an official second opinion, and to compare the medial coronoid process (MCP) in fragmented and fissured MCP as well as those unaffected by MCD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data of dogs, presented for official second opinion radiographs and CT, were reviewed by three board-certified observers and in accordance with the International Elbow Working Group guidelines regarding MCD. Radiographic delineation, radiopacity and Hounsfield Units (HU) of the MCP were recorded additionally and the correlation between radiography and CT was investigated. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity of radiography compared with CT yielded values of 83.6% for the former and 83.5% for the latter. False-negative grading in radiography correlated significantly (p = 0.0001) with a present fissure line in CT. The mean delineation (p = 0.03) and mean HU of fragmented MCP (p = 0.0045) were significantly reduced compared with fissured MCP and no significant differences in measured HU for fissured MCP were detected in comparison to elbows unaffected by MCD. CONCLUSION The results of the present study show substantial agreement between radiography and CT in second opinion cases. However, sensitivity is reduced compared with not preselected cases. A present fissure line in CT was significantly associated with a false-negative grading in radiography. Therefore, CT imaging of the elbows is strongly recommended in cases of appeal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wennemuth
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Tellhelm
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nele Eley
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
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Lustgarten JL, Zehnder A, Shipman W, Gancher E, Webb TL. Veterinary informatics: forging the future between veterinary medicine, human medicine, and One Health initiatives-a joint paper by the Association for Veterinary Informatics (AVI) and the CTSA One Health Alliance (COHA). JAMIA Open 2020; 3:306-317. [PMID: 32734172 PMCID: PMC7382640 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This manuscript reviews the current state of veterinary medical electronic health records and the ability to aggregate and analyze large datasets from multiple organizations and clinics. We also review analytical techniques as well as research efforts into veterinary informatics with a focus on applications relevant to human and animal medicine. Our goal is to provide references and context for these resources so that researchers can identify resources of interest and translational opportunities to advance the field. Methods and Results This review covers various methods of veterinary informatics including natural language processing and machine learning techniques in brief and various ongoing and future projects. After detailing techniques and sources of data, we describe some of the challenges and opportunities within veterinary informatics as well as providing reviews of common One Health techniques and specific applications that affect both humans and animals. Discussion Current limitations in the field of veterinary informatics include limited sources of training data for developing machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, siloed data between academic institutions, corporate institutions, and many small private practices, and inconsistent data formats that make many integration problems difficult. Despite those limitations, there have been significant advancements in the field in the last few years and continued development of a few, key, large data resources that are available for interested clinicians and researchers. These real-world use cases and applications show current and significant future potential as veterinary informatics grows in importance. Veterinary informatics can forge new possibilities within veterinary medicine and between veterinary medicine, human medicine, and One Health initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Lustgarten
- Association for Veterinary Informatics, Dixon, California, USA.,VCA Inc., Health Technology & Informatics, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Wayde Shipman
- Veterinary Medical Databases, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gancher
- Department of Infectious diseases and HIV medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tracy L Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Encinoso M, Orós J, Ramírez G, Jaber JR, Artiles A, Arencibia A. Anatomic Study of the Elbow Joint in a Bengal Tiger ( Panthera tigris tigris) Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Gross Dissections. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1058. [PMID: 31805734 PMCID: PMC6940883 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our research was to describe the normal appearance of the bony and soft tissue structures of the elbow joint in a cadaver of a male mature Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) scanned via MRI. Using a 0.2 Tesla magnet, Spin-echo (SE) T1-weighting, and Gradient-echo short tau inversion recovery (GE-STIR), T2-weighting pulse sequences were selected to generate sagittal, transverse, and dorsal planes. In addition, gross dissections of the forelimb and its elbow joint were made. On anatomic dissections, all bony, articular, and muscular structures could be identified. The MRI images allowed us to observe the bony and many soft tissues of the tiger elbow joint. The SE T1-weighted MR images provided good anatomic detail of this joint, whereas the GE-STIR T2-weighted MR pulse sequence was best for synovial cavities. Detailed information is provided that may be used as initial anatomic reference for interpretation of MR images of the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) elbow joint and in the diagnosis of disorders of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Encinoso
- Hospital Veterinario Los Tarahales, Recta de Los Tarahales 15, 35013 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.E.); (A.A.)
| | - Jorge Orós
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.O.); (J.R.J.)
| | - Gregorio Ramírez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - José Raduan Jaber
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.O.); (J.R.J.)
| | - Alejandro Artiles
- Hospital Veterinario Los Tarahales, Recta de Los Tarahales 15, 35013 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.E.); (A.A.)
| | - Alberto Arencibia
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.O.); (J.R.J.)
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Baers G, Keller GG, Famula TR, Oberbauer AM. Heritability of Unilateral Elbow Dysplasia in the Dog: A Retrospective Study of Sire and Dam Influence. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:422. [PMID: 31824974 PMCID: PMC6883289 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine elbow dysplasia is a significant health issue affecting many breeds. Unfortunately, treatments remain relatively limited, so control of this disease often falls to selectively breeding for dogs with normal elbows. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the heritability of left-sided vs. right-sided elbow dysplasia, and to assess potential differential sire and the dam influence on offspring elbow status. In a retrospective study, elbow data from 130,117 dogs over 2 years old representing 17 breeds were obtained from the database of the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals and included in the study. Heritability estimates for unilateral elbow dysplasia varied between breeds (ranging from 0.01 to 0.36) and were similar between the left and right elbows. The estimated genetic correlation between disease in the left and right elbow ~1 in the majority of breeds, with the exception of the hybrids, Australian Shepherds, and the Australian Cattle Dogs, likely due to low numbers of affected individuals. The sire and dam had equal impact on the offspring's elbow status. Furthermore, there was no increased risk for the sire or dam to pass on the same unilaterality of their elbow dysplasia to their offspring. However, the overall risk of elbow dysplasia in the offspring did increase when one or both parents were affected, though this also varied based on breed. Understanding of the impact that the sire and dam have on the offspring and of the overall heritability of both bilateral and unilateral elbow dysplasia is important in guiding breeding decisions to reduce the incidence in future generations of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Baers
- Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Greg G Keller
- Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Thomas R Famula
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anita M Oberbauer
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Mostafa AA, Nolte I, Wefstaedt P. Radiographic determination of humeroradial, humeroulnar, and radioulnar subluxation indices to quantify elbow incongruence in dogs confirmed to have medial coronoid disease. Res Vet Sci 2019; 126:83-88. [PMID: 31442716 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Medial coronoid disease and elbow incongruence are common orthopedic problems causing forelimb lameness in large breed dogs. Therefore, the objective of this retrospective clinical study is to radiographically quantify the incongruity of humeroradial, humeroulnar, and radioulnar joints in dogs with confirmed medial coronoid disease compared to controls. Sixty-six (93 elbows) control and 73 (113 elbows) diseased Labrador and Golden Retrievers were enrolled. Our objective was achieved by measuring the central humeroradial, humeroulnar, and radioulnar distances and calculating the corresponding subluxation index of each joint on the extended mediolateral elbow radiograph. The traditional radioulnar step was also measured on the same mediolateral projection. Variables were compared between control and diseased groups, and the significance level was P < .05. The central humeroradial, humeroulnar, and radioulnar distances and corresponding subluxation indices increased significantly (P ≤ .007) in elbows with confirmed medial coronoid disease compared to controls. Radioulnar step increased significantly (P < .0001) in diseased elbows. Elbow incongruence, manifested by increased humeroradial, humeroulnar, and radioulnar subluxation indices, appeared to be consistent with medial coronoid disease in Labrador and Golden Retrievers. An elbow with a humeroradial, humeroulnar, or radioulnar subluxation index >0.15, 0.10, or 0.14, respectively, or radioulnar step >1.4 mm, is more likely to be incongruent and may have a concomitant coronoid disease. However, future validation of the reported measurements is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Mostafa
- Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Foundation, Germany.
| | - Patrick Wefstaedt
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Foundation, Germany
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Bellegard GM, Lopes ÉR, Bisetto SP, Hage MCF. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography of the elbow joint in dogs: applicability and evaluation protocol. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The elbow is a complex joint and has great clinical relevance in small animal medicine. Previous research in this area has been performed using radiographic and tomographic methods; however, there are limited studies on ultrasonography. The aims of this study was suggesting an evaluation protocol for elbow scan and describe the ultrasonographic anatomy of the elbow joint in dogs. Ten cross-breed dogs weighing 5-15kg underwent radiography and were selected for this ultrasonographic study. The protocol was established for the ultrasonographic description dividing the articular areas in the proximal, middle, and distal, lateral, cranial, medial, and caudal faces. The approach was performed in the longitudinal, transverse and oblique planes and the musculoskeletal structures were described according to the architecture, echogenicity and echotexture. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained for one animal for comparison. Ultrasonography was effective in visualizing and analyzing muscles, tendons and ligaments. Bone contours and regions that have clinical significance such as the medial coronoid process and anconeus process were identified, but with limited access. Prior knowledge of the normal sonographic anatomy of the elbow joint, as well as its technical advantages and limitations will allow further studies related to the identification of musculoskeletal disorders.
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López S, Vilar JM, Rubio M, Sopena JJ, Damiá E, Chicharro D, Santana A, Carrillo JM. Center of pressure limb path differences for the detection of lameness in dogs: a preliminary study. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:138. [PMID: 31068192 PMCID: PMC6506948 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The limb center of pressure (COP) path measures and quantifies the load distribution within a limb in a still or moving subject. Under this premise, the aim of this study was to test whether data derived from this parameter could detect the differences between sound and lame limbs in unilaterally lame dogs with elbow dysplasia. To accomplish this purpose, ten unilaterally lame dogs of similar conformation were walked over a pressure platform. Next, the COP path, in relation to the position of sound and lame limbs, was measured in a coordinate system over a standard paw template obtained by pedobarography during the whole support phase. To compare variables, force platform data (peak vertical force and vertical impulse) from the same animals were obtained. Sound and lame limb statokinesiograms were also obtained while the animals stood still. Results The statistical analysis clearly showed that COP in lame limbs start cranially and were shorter than sound limbs. In addition, the value of the COP excursion index was lower in lame limbs. Finally, the area of statokinesiograms was greater in lame limbs. Conclusion This methodology based in limb COP characteristics serves to discriminate between sound and lame limbs in dogs with elbow dysplasia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1881-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio López
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - José M Vilar
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain. .,Departamento de Patología Animal, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Mónica Rubio
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Cátedra García Cugat, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquin J Sopena
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Cátedra García Cugat, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Damiá
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Cátedra García Cugat, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Déborah Chicharro
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Cátedra García Cugat, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angelo Santana
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - José M Carrillo
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Cátedra García Cugat, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
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Petkov EP, Lesser AS, Lozier SM, Maguire PJ, Fischetti AJ, Ahn J. Radial torsion in dogs with medial compartment disease. Vet Surg 2019; 48:869-877. [PMID: 30820996 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the magnitude and direction of radial torsion (RT) in dogs with medial compartment disease (MCD). STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. SAMPLE POPULATION Twenty-eight healthy dogs and 28 dogs with confirmed MCD. METHODS Computed tomography images of each dog's antebrachium were evaluated. Radial torsion was measured by using previously described landmarks on the proximal and distal radius. Differences between groups were tested with Student's t tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. RESULTS Healthy dogs had a mean RT angle of 3.44° (range, 1.28°-5.44°). Dogs with MCD had a mean RT angle of 11.84° (range, 2.31°-26.55°). Both groups included similar proportions of dogs with external (76% vs 77%) and internal (24% vs 23%) torsion. The direction of torsion (P = .21 and P = .69) did not appear to affect the magnitude of the RT angle. CONCLUSION Dogs with MCD had an increased RT angle compared with healthy controls. The direction of torsion varied similarly between groups regardless of the disease status of dogs in this study. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The fourfold increase in the RT seen in dogs with MCD may contribute to the rotational overload proposed recently, potentially modifying the orientation of the elliptical radial head and the ligaments crossing the elbow joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanouil P Petkov
- Small Animal Surgery, New York Veterinary Specialty Center, Farmingdale, New York
| | - Arnold S Lesser
- Small Animal Surgery, New York Veterinary Specialty Center, Farmingdale, New York
| | - Scott M Lozier
- Small Animal Surgery, VCA Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Clackamas, Oregon
| | - Patrick J Maguire
- Small Animal Surgery, New York Veterinary Specialty Center, Farmingdale, New York
| | | | - Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
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The use of gadolinium-containing medium dilutions in evaluations of pathological changes in magnetic resonance images of the canine elbow. ACTA VET BRNO 2018. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201887030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the paramagnetic gadolinium-containing contrast agent, diluted 1:800, in evaluations of pathological changes in the canine elbow joint. The experiment was performed on 6 large breed dogs of both sexes with a body weight of 25 to 40 kg. Thoracic limb lameness and pain in the elbow joint area were observed in all patients. The animals were subjected to standard physical examinations, radiography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging scans with the use of a contrast agent. The Spin Echo T1 dorsal sequence as well as 3D SST1 transverse and XBONE T1 transverse sequences were highly effective in diagnosing osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the medial humeral condyle. Degenerative changes and the fragmented coronoid process (FCP) of the ulna were very well visualized by High Resolution Gradient Echo, XBONE T2 and Spin Echo T1 sequences in the sagittal plane. The administration of the gadolinium contrast agent, diluted 1:800, to the elbow joint cavity enhances the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance images in evaluations of medial compartment disease, in particular fragmentation of the medial coronoid process.
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Maternal omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on offspring hip joint conformation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202157. [PMID: 30092106 PMCID: PMC6084972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), when fed to dogs improves cognitive and neurological development. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids such as DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has also been associated with lipid peroxidation, which in turn has been implicated in reduced body weight and altered bone formation. To assess the impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on skeletal growth, diets containing three levels of DHA and EPA (0.01 and 0.01%, 0.14 and 0.12%, and 0.21 and 0.18%, respectively) were fed to bitches during gestation and lactation with puppies also supplemented through weaning. Thus, the subjects studied were the puppies supplemented with DHA and EPA through gestation and early postnatal life. The hip joint conformation of the puppies (n = 676) was recorded at adulthood using two radiographic, non-invasive evaluations. In this population, females had higher hip distraction indices (DI) than males. Males from the lower two levels of DHA and EPA supplementation had significantly smaller hip DI than all females and males from the highest DHA and EPA supplementation. In contrast, there were no diet effects on anatomical indicators of hip joint conformation and no visible arthritic changes. These data suggest that dietary supplementation of DHA and EPA during gestation and the perinatal period to weaning does not adversely influence hip joint formation of dogs.
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Mostafa A, Nolte I, Wefstaedt P. The prevalence of medial coronoid process disease is high in lame large breed dogs and quantitative radiographic assessments contribute to the diagnosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:516-528. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Mostafa
- Small Animal Hospital; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Foundation; Hannover Germany
| | - Patrick Wefstaedt
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Foundation; Hannover Germany
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Carrillo JM, Manera ME, Rubio M, Sopena J, Santana A, Vilar JM. Posturography and dynamic pedobarography in lame dogs with elbow dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament rupture. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:108. [PMID: 29573740 PMCID: PMC5866518 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usefulness of studying posture and its modifications due to locomotor deficiencies of multiple origins has been widely proven in humans. To assess its suitability in the canine species, static posturography and dynamic pedobarography were performed on lame dogs affected with unilateral elbow dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament rupture by using a pressure platform. With this objective, statokinesiograms and stabilograms, the percentage of pressure distribution between limbs, paw area, mean pressure, and peak pressure, were obtained from lame and sound dogs. These data were compared with Peak Vertical Force values originated from a force platform in the same recording sessions. RESULTS Significant differences were found in the parameters mentioned above between sound and lame dogs and limbs. CONCLUSIONS Posturography and pedobarography are useful and reliable for the monitoring of fore and hindlimb lameness in dogs, providing a new set of parameters for lameness detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Carrillo
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Cátedra García Cugat, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria E Manera
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Mónica Rubio
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Cátedra García Cugat, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquin Sopena
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Cátedra García Cugat, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angelo Santana
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - José M Vilar
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
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Erosion of the medial compartment of the canine elbow: occurrence, diagnosis and currently available treatment options. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 28:9-18. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-13-12-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryErosion of the medial compartment of the elbow joint refers to full thickness cartilage loss with exposure of the subchondral bone (modified Outerbridge grades 4–5) of the medial part of the humeral condyle (MHC) and the corresponding ulnar contact area. This finding may appear in the absence of an osteochondral fragment or a cartilage flap, or in combination with fragmentation of the medial coronoid process (MCP) or osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the MHC. With regard to the prognosis, it is important to diagnose these severe erosions. Imaging of cartilage lesions by means of radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is challenging in dogs. In contrast, direct arthroscopic inspection provides detailed information about the cartilage.The treatment of these severe erosions is difficult because of the limited regenerative capacity of cartilage and presumed mechanical or physical triggering factors. Several conservative and surgical treatment methods have been proposed to treat elbows with severe cartilage defects. However, due to irreversible loss of cartilage, the prognosis in these cases remains guarded.
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Kinematic gait analysis of the canine thoracic limb using a six degrees of freedom marker set. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 27:461-9. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-14-03-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjectives: To determine if the use of a six degrees of freedom marker set would allow new kinematic data of the canine thoracic limbs to be calculated. To identify any significant differences in thoracic limb gait patterns in all planes of motion, between the normal canine population and patients with confirmed medial coronoid disease (MCD).Method: Two groups of dogs were selected representing the normal Labrador Retriever population (n = 13) and Labrador Retrievers with confirmed MCD (n = 13). Normal dogs had “normal” hip and elbow radiographic scores in line with the International Elbow Working Group and British Veterinary Association guidelines. Medial coronoid disease was confirmed using arthroscopy after kinematic analysis was performed with a six degrees of freedom marker set.Results: The diseased elbow was nine degrees more extended between 43%-55% of the gait cycle and 16° more supinated prior, early during and after foot strike. The antebrachium was nine degrees more supinated during foot strike and three degrees more abducted during early stance. None of the other parameters were significantly different.Clinical significance: The use of a six degrees of freedom marker set made it possible for the elbow and antebrachium to be reliably tracked in more than one plane of motion. Significant differences were identified between the normal canine population and those affected by MCD. These data may help elucidate biomechanical factors contributing to aetiopathogenesis of MCD.
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Computerized measurements of radiographic anatomical parameters of the elbow joint in Bernese Mountain Dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 25:250-61. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-11-06-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjective: Comparison of two methods for evaluation of anatomical parameters of elbow joints in Bernese Mountain Dogs.Study design: Radiographic analysis.Animals: Nine hundred and thirty-one radiographs of elbow joints from 305 Bernese Mountain Dogs.Material and methods: The angles OL, PA, RA and UL were measured according to the Mues method and the Radius of the humeral condyle, Opening angle beta, Quotient Q and Ae, Area X, Step 1 and Step 2 according to the Viehmann method. The radiographs were divided according to their angle of flexion into five groups: 0–30°, 31–60°, 61–90°, 91–120° and >120°. The difference and the correlation between measured values and the elbow dysplasia (ED) score was calculated and compared.Results: The average values of angle OL, PA and RA, Area X, Step 1 and Step 2 were significantly different within the different elbow flexion angle groups. The values of Opening angle beta, Quotients Q and Ae as well as Radius of the humeral condyle varied independently from the degree of the elbow flexion on the radiograph. The angles OL, PA and RA and the Radius of the humeral condyle, the Opening angle beta, the Quotients Q and Ae, Step 1 and Step 2 correlated with the ED score.Conclusion: In contrast to the method of Mues, the majority of the measured parameters of the method of Viehmann were not influenced by the degree of flexion of the elbow joint and correlated with the ED score. Clinical relevance: The method of Viehmann warrants consideration for the evaluation of radiographs of elbow joints in the Bernese Mountain Dog for ED.This article is based on a study first reported in S. Stein's doctoral thesis, which was presented on 08.05.2007 and published thereafter in full by Mensch & Buch Verlag. This abridged and translated version is now being published with the kind permission of Mensch & Buch Verlag.
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Prevalence of incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle and other abnormalities of the elbow in English Springer Spaniels. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 25:211-6. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-11-05-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjectives: To determine the prevalence of incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle (IOHC) and other osseous abnormalities of the elbow in English Springer Spaniels with no history of lameness.Methods: Prospective observational study of English Springer Spaniels with no recent history of lameness. Computed tomography scans of both elbows were obtained from dogs older than six months of age which were anaesthetized or sedated for reasons unrelated to this study. Computed tomography scans were reviewed for the presence of IOHC and other abnormalities of the elbow. Radioulnar incongruity (RUI) measurements from normal elbows were compared to elbows with IOHC and elbows with medial coronoid process (MCP) abnormalities.Results: Computed tomography scans from 50 dogs (100 elbows) were reviewed. The prevalence of IOHC was 14% (8 elbows in 7 dogs). All condylar fissures were incomplete with a mean length of 2.6 mm. Fifty percent of the dogs (44% of elbows) had abnormalities of the medial coronoid process and 60% of the elbows had periarticular osteophytes. Group RUI meansurements for IOHC and MCP were not significantly different from normal elbows.Clinical significance: Small IOHC fissures, periarticular osteophytes and MCP abnormalities may be identified in English Springer Spaniels without forelimb lameness. Abnormalities of the MCP are more common than IOHC.Presented in part at the BVOA Spring Meeting, Birmingham, UK, March 2011.
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Analysis of risk factors for elbow dysplasia in giant breed dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 29:369-77. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-15-05-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjective: Identify radiographic risk factors for development of elbow dysplasia in giant breed dogs less than one year of age.Methods: Twenty-five giant breed puppies (Bernese Mountain dogs, English Mastiff, and Newfoundland) were studied. Both elbows of each dog were radiographed monthly from two to six months of age, then every other month until radial and ulnar physeal closure, followed two months later by bilateral elbow computed tomography. Radiographic parameters measured included the presence or absence of a separate centre of ossification of the anconeal process (SCOAP), medial coronoid disease (MCD), ununited anconeal process, humeral osteochondrosis, elbow incongruity, as well as the length of the radius and ulna, radius-to-ulna ratio, and date of closure of the radial and ulnar physes.Results: Fifteen dogs completed the study. Two Bernese Mountain dogs were diagnosed with MCD. Risk factors significantly associated with medial coronoid disease included dyssynchronous physeal closure and a decreased radius-to-ulna ratio, both detected between eight to 11 months of age. A separate centre of ossification of the anconeal process was present in 60% of the dogs, and was not a risk factor for development of elbow dysplasia.Clinical significance: Transient, dyssynchronous growth of the radius and ulna may be a risk factor for development of MCD in Bernese Mountain dogs. Dyssynchronous physeal closure or decreased radius-to-ulna ratio prior to radiographic closure of the distal ulnar and radial physes warrants further study in Bernese Mountain dogs and other breeds subject to MCD development.
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Butler D, Nemanic S, Warnock JJ. Comparison of radiography and computed tomography to evaluate fractures of the canine tarsus. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 59:43-53. [PMID: 28868643 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection and accurate classification of traumatic tarsal fractures are important for identifying cases requiring surgical intervention. The aim of this prospective, experimental, methods comparison study was to directly compare the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of tarsal computed tomography (CT), ten-view and two-view digital radiographs for detecting traumatic fractures of the canine tarsus. The working hypothesis was that tarsal fractures would be detected with higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity using CT imaging compared to radiography, and a ten-view would be superior to a two-view radiographic study. Ten cadaver hind limbs of medium to large dogs received a CT scan and ten-view radiographic study before and after induction of fractures with a hydraulic press. All bones included in the radiographic images were assessed for fractures by two observers and gross dissection was used as the gold standard. The two-view radiographic study (dorsoplantar, lateromedial) was created from the ten-view study and reviewed 2 years later. All limbs sustained fractures, the most common locations were the talus and calcaneus (n = 7). The sensitivity of CT was greater than ten-view radiographic study (77% vs. 57%), while the specificity was similar (97% vs. 98%). The sensitivity and specificity of the ten-view and two-view radiograph studies were similar (57% vs. 55%; both 98%). Computed tomography images were reassessed postdissection to determine if failure to identify fractures resulted from observer error. Overall, CT was better than radiography for detecting fractures of the canine tarsus, however there was little improvement with ten-view compared to two-view radiographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Butler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333
| | - Sarah Nemanic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333
| | - Jennifer J Warnock
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333
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Manor EK, Craig LE, Sun X, Cannon CM. Prior joint disease is associated with increased risk of periarticular histiocytic sarcoma in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:E83-E88. [PMID: 28836371 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Periarticular histiocytic sarcoma (PAHS) is the most common synovial tumour in dogs and is characterized by aggressive local disease with a high rate of distant metastasis. Previously, an association between PAHS and prior joint disease has been demonstrated in the Bernese Mountain Dog breed and suggested in the Rottweiler. We hypothesized that this association would be present in other breeds and investigated this via a retrospective, case-controlled analysis. Cases were dogs diagnosed with PAHS of the stifle or elbow. Controls were age, breed and sex-matched dogs without a diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. Diagnosis of prior joint disease was determined based on review of medical records and direct veterinarian and owner communications. Data were evaluated using logistic regression, 2-sampled t tests, and chi-squared analysis. Our study population consisted of 28 cases and 46 controls, including Flat-Coated, Golden and Labrador Retrievers, Rottweilers, English Bulldogs, Shih Tzus, Australian Shepherds, Staffordshire Terriers and mixed breed dogs. Dogs with PAHS were more likely to have prior joint disease in the tumour-affected joint compared with the control population (odds ratio [OR] = 13.42, P < .0001, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.33-48.63). A total of 88.2% of dogs with stifle PAHS had prior joint disease in their tumour-affected joint, most commonly cranial cruciate ligament rupture. This study confirms that the previously noted association between prior joint disease and PAHS in Bernese Mountain Dogs also applies to other breeds. Additional studies are needed to further investigate for a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Manor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - L E Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - X Sun
- Office of Information Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - C M Cannon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
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Franklin SP, Burke EE, Holmes SP. Utility of MRI for Characterizing Articular Cartilage Pathology in Dogs with Medial Coronoid Process Disease. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:25. [PMID: 28286752 PMCID: PMC5323379 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether assessment of morphological MRI sequences or delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) would have strong correlations with arthroscopic assessment of cartilage pathology in dogs with naturally occurring medial compartment pathology of the elbow. METHODS Dogs tentatively diagnosed with medial coronoid disease had evaluation of their affected elbows using radiography, morphological MRI sequences, and dGEMRIC MRI evaluation prior to arthroscopy. Elbow radiographs were graded 0-6 for severity of changes. Cartilage of the medial coronoid process (MCP) and humeral trochlea (HT) were scored on a 0-3 scale using anatomical MRI sequences. The T1 relaxation times for the MCP and trochlea were quantified using dGEMRIC. Cartilage pathology was graded arthroscopically using a modified Outerbridge score (MOS) by a surgeon blinded to MRI assessment. Correlations between radiography and MOS, and between MRI and MOS, were quantified. RESULTS Twenty-six elbows in 14 dogs were evaluated. There were statistically significant (p < 0.05) moderate correlations between radiographic scores and MOS for the MCP (r = 0.71) and HT (0.57). There was a statistically significant moderate correlation between morphological MRI scoring and MOS for the HT (r = 0.54; p < 0.05), but not for the MCP (p > 0.05). There was a weak, but significant correlation, between the dGEMRIC value and MOS of the MCP (r = 0.41; p < 0.05), but no correlation between the dGEMRIC values and MOS for the HT (p > 0.05). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Statistically significant correlations to MOS were identified for both radiography and MRI but neither diagnostic modality provided sufficiently strong correlations to serve as a substitute for arthroscopic evaluation of the articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Franklin
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emily E Burke
- Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia , Athens, GA , USA
| | - Shannon P Holmes
- Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia , Athens, GA , USA
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Oberbauer AM, Keller GG, Famula TR. Long-term genetic selection reduced prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia in 60 dog breeds. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172918. [PMID: 28234985 PMCID: PMC5325577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) and elbow dysplasia (ED) impact the health and welfare of all dogs. The first formally organized assessment scheme to improve canine health centered on reducing the prevalence of these orthopedic disorders. Phenotypic screening of joint conformation remains the currently available strategy for breeders to make selection decisions. The present study evaluated the efficacy of employing phenotypic selection on breed improvement of hips and elbows using the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals complete database spanning the 1970–2015 time period. Sixty breeds having more than 1000 unique hip evaluations and 500 elbow evaluations (1,056,852 and 275,129 hip and elbow records, respectively) were interrogated to derive phenotypic improvement, sex and age at time of assessment effects, correlation between the two joints, heritability estimates, estimated breeding values (EBV), and effectiveness of maternal/paternal selection. The data demonstrated that there has been overall improvement in hip and elbow conformation with a reduction in EBV for disease liability, although the breeds differed in the magnitude of the response to selection. Heritabilities also differed substantially across the breeds as did the correlation of the joints; in the absence of a universal association of these differences with breed size, popularity, or participation in screening, it appears that the breeds themselves vary in genetic control. There was subtle, though again breed specific, impact of sex and older ages on CHD and ED. There was greater paternal impact on a reduction of CHD. In the absence of direct genetic tests for either of these two diseases, phenotypic selection has proven to be effective. Furthermore, the data underscore that selection schemes must be breed specific and that it is likely the genetic profiles will be unique across the breeds for these two conditions. Despite the advances achieved with phenotypic selection, incorporation of EBVs into selection schemes should accelerate advances in hip and elbow improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Oberbauer
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA United States of America
| | - G G Keller
- Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, Columbia, MO United States of America
| | - T R Famula
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA United States of America
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Sendyk-Grunkraut A, Martín CM, Souza AN, Patrício GCF, Lorigados CA, Matera JM, Fonseca-Pinto AC. Avaliação morfológica e morfométrica da articulação umerorradioulnar em cães através de exames radiográficos e por tomografia computadorizada. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar de forma detalhada dados morfológicos e morfométricos da articulação umerorradioulnar de cães de raça definida avaliados por meio de exames físicos, radiográficos e tomográficos. A amostra dessa pesquisa constituiu-se de 44 cotovelos de cães com idades variadas. Para análise de informações obtidas, o coeficiente kappa e de correlação interclasse e associação foram realizados. Constatou-se que o desempenho individual de cada projeção radiográfica teve pobre concordância com o exame tomográfico; não houve concordância entre os observadores para as mensurações do ângulo da incisura ulnar ao exame radiográfico e tomográfico. Porém houve boa/moderada concordância para mensuração da incongruência radioulnar no plano sagital entre os observadores. Concluiu-se que nenhuma das cinco incidências radiográficas foi superior para análise radiográfica, uma vez que cada projeção apresentou melhor identificação de um compartimento do cotovelo. Medidas ao exame tomográfico para incongruência radioulnar não apresentaram reprodutibilidade no plano de reconstrução frontal, entretanto no corte sagital apresentaram boa e moderada concordância entre os observadores e que a mensuração do ângulo da incisura ulnar não apresentou repetibilidade ao exame radiográfico e nem reprodutibilidade ao exame tomográfico. Esses resultados contribuem para melhor utilização de cada exame de acordo com a região a ser avaliada bem como ressaltam a necessidade da somatória de múltiplos exames de imagem para a correta avaliação desta afecção.
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Static Posturography: A New Perspective in the Assessment of Lameness in a Canine Model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170692. [PMID: 28114312 PMCID: PMC5256895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the static posturography in dogs as a useful tool for diagnosis of lameness by means of the use of a pressure platform. For this purpose, a series of different parameters (pressure distribution, area of support, mean pressure, maximum pressure and statokinesiograms) were obtained from five lame dogs with unilateral elbow osteoarthritis treated with plasma rich in growth factors. Data were obtained before and 3 months after treatment, and results were compared with a control group of sound dogs of similar conformation. Significant differences were found in the above mentioned parameters between sound and lame limbs. Improvement after 3 months of treatment was also detected, demonstrating that this multi-parametric technique is an effective and reliable method for the assessment of lameness in dogs.
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Bone density of elbow joints in Labrador retrievers and Golden retrievers: Comparison of healthy joints and joints with medial coronoid disease. Vet J 2016; 216:1-7. [PMID: 27687919 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the inter-observer repeatability of particular regions of the canine elbow joints; (2) to assess the effect of age, bodyweight and breed on bone density in healthy young dogs; (3) to compare Hounsfield units (HU) and bone density (BD) measurements between normal elbow joints and diseased elbow joints; and (4) to determine the sensitivity and specificity for HU and BD measurements in specific regions in the canine elbow joint. Regions with the highest repeatability were located at the medial coronoid process (MCP) base and apex, and at the level of the humerus, on the sagittal and sagittal oblique planes of the elbow joint. Age and breed were significantly associated with several regions of interest; conversely, none of the measurements were associated with bodyweight. Increased HU and BD values in the MCP base and apex regions are likely to be related to medial coronoid disease. Labrador retrievers had higher HU and BD values than Golden retrievers and an increase in BD was found in older animals. Cut-offs determined with receiver operating characteristic plots of the MCP base and apex suggested fairly good sensitivity and specificity (base: area under the curve 0.85, sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 88.8%; apex: area under the curve 0.89, sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 92.5%).
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Cook CR. Ultrasound Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2016; 46:355-71, v. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Villamonte-Chevalier A, van Bree H, Broeckx B, Dingemanse W, Soler M, Van Ryssen B, Gielen I. Assessment of medial coronoid disease in 180 canine lame elbow joints: a sensitivity and specificity comparison of radiographic, computed tomographic and arthroscopic findings. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:243. [PMID: 26407863 PMCID: PMC4582713 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnostic imaging is essential to assess the lame patient; lesions of the elbow joint have traditionally been evaluated radiographically, however computed tomography (CT) has been suggested as a useful technique to diagnose various elbow pathologies. The primary objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of CT to assess medial coronoid disease (MCD), using arthroscopy as gold standard. The secondary objective was to ascertain the radiographic sensitivity and specificity for MCD compared with CT. Methods For this study 180 elbow joints were assessed, of which 141 had been examined with radiography, CT and arthroscopy; and 39 joints, had radiographic and CT assessment. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for CT and radiographic findings using available statistical software. Results Sensitivity and specificity of CT using arthroscopy as gold standard resulted in high values for sensitivity (100 %) and specificity (93 %) for the assessment of MCD. For the radiographic evaluation, a sensitivity of 98 % and specificity of 64 - 69 % using CT as the technique of reference, were found. Discussion These results suggest that in case of doubt during radiographic assessment, CT could be used as a non-invasive technique to assess the presence of MCD. Conclusion Based on the high sensitivity and specificity obtained in this study it has been considered that CT, rather than arthroscopy, is the preferred noninvasive technique to assess MCD lesions of the canine elbow joint.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H van Bree
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bjg Broeckx
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - W Dingemanse
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - M Soler
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - B Van Ryssen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - I Gielen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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McGowan L, Loughin CA, Marino DJ, Umbaugh SE, Liu P, Amini M, Solt P, Lesser ML, Akerman M. Medical Infrared Imaging of Normal and Dysplastic Elbows in Dogs. Vet Surg 2015; 44:874-82. [PMID: 26340680 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ability of medical infrared imaging to differentiate between normal canine elbows and those with abnormal elbows (elbow dysplasia). STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS Dogs with normal (n = 15) and abnormal (n = 14) elbows. METHODS Infrared imaging was performed on all dogs and data analyzed via descriptive statistics and image pattern analysis software. Animals with elbow dysplasia had arthroscopic procedures to confirm the presence of elbow disease. RESULTS Computer recognition pattern analysis was up to 100% correct in identifying abnormal elbows and normal elbows, with the medial images most consistent. The caudal, lateral, and cranial images correctly identified 83-100% abnormal elbows. The caudal and lateral images correctly identified 83% normal elbows. A significant difference in temperature was found between normal and abnormal elbows for the cranial full region of interest, lateral images, and each quadrant. CONCLUSION Medical infrared imaging was able to correctly identify known abnormal and known normal elbows in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren McGowan
- Department of Surgery, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainveiw, New York
| | - Catherine A Loughin
- Department of Surgery, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainveiw, New York
| | - Dominic J Marino
- Department of Surgery, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainveiw, New York
| | - Scott E Umbaugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois
| | - Maryam Amini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois
| | - Patrick Solt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois
| | - Martin L Lesser
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Population Health, Biostatistics Unit, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Meredith Akerman
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Population Health, Biostatistics Unit, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York
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Comparison of high resolution gradient echo, XBONE T1, XBONE T2, Spin Echo T1 and 3D SST1 magnetic resonance imaging sequences for imagining the canine elbow. Pol J Vet Sci 2015; 17:587-91. [PMID: 25638971 DOI: 10.2478/pjvs-2014-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Twenty canine elbows were examined by low-field MRI. The objective of this study was to compare five magnetic resonance sequences: High Resolution Gradient Echo in the sagittal plane, XBONE T2 in the sagittal plane, Spin Echo T1 in the sagittal plane, Spin Echo T1 in the dorsal plane and 3D SST1 and XBONE T1 in the transverse plane, and to determine which sequences have the highest diagnostic value in imagining the canine elbow. High Resolution Gradient Echo, XBONE T2 and Spin Echo T1 sequences in the sagittal plane proved to be very useful in evaluations of osseous structures such as the medial coronoid process, the anconeal process of the ulna and joint surfaces. The above sequences facilitate evaluations of radial extensor muscle of the wrist, biceps brachii muscle, triceps brachii muscle and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. 3D SST1 and XBONE T1 sequences in the transverse plane produce high-quality images of the medial humeral condyle and surfaces of the elbow joint. Those sequences are also useful for evaluating the surrounding muscles: extensor digitorum communis muscle, extensor carpi radialis muscle, deltoid muscle, biceps brachii muscle, pronator teres muscle and flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. The Spin Echo T1 sequence in the dorsal plane facilitates assessments of joint surfaces, medial humeral condyle, superficial digital flexor muscle, deep digital flexor muscle, triceps brachii muscle and extensor digitorum lateralis muscle. The Spin Echo T1 sequence in the sagittal plane has a short scan time, but it produces images of lower quality than High Resolution Gradient Echo and XBONE T2 sequences in the sagittal plane.
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Makielski K, Muir P, Bleedorn J. Focal defect resembling a subchondral bone cyst of the ulnar trochlear notch in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 51:20-4. [PMID: 25415218 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 13 mo old spayed female golden retriever/standard poodle mixed-breed dog was presented for intermittent right forelimb lameness. Physical examination revealed marked effusion and decreased flexion in the right elbow joint, radiography showed mild osteophytosis of the right elbow joint, and computed tomography showed a focal defect in the subchondral bone in the trochlear notch of the ulna resembling a subchondral bone cyst. Arthroscopy of the affected elbow revealed a focal defect in the articular cartilage on the trochlear notch with vascular ingrowth covering a defect in the subchondral bone plate. The synovium surrounding the defect was inflamed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published report of a subchondral bone cyst in the ulna of a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Makielski
- From the Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Lau SF, Theyse LF, Voorhout G, Hazewinkel HA. Radiographic, Computed Tomographic, and Arthroscopic Findings in Labrador Retrievers With Medial Coronoid Disease. Vet Surg 2014; 44:511-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seng Fong Lau
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Lars F.H. Theyse
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - George Voorhout
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Herman A.W. Hazewinkel
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Phillips A, Burton NJ, Warren-Smith CMR, Kulendra ER, Parsons KJ. Topographic bone density of the radius and ulna in greyhounds and labrador retrievers with and without medial coronoid process disease. Vet Surg 2014; 44:180-90. [PMID: 25323017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify, using computed tomography (CT), cross-sectional ulnar bone density (UBD), and regional radial bone density (RRBD) at the level of the medial coronoid process (MCP) in elbows with and without medial coronoid process disease (MCPD) and with and without fragmentation of MCP (FCP). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective clinical case-control and ex vivo study. SAMPLE POPULATION Labrador Retriever elbows (n = 54) and normal cadaveric Greyhound elbows (11) undergoing elbow CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Labrador Retriever elbows were divided into 2 groups: (1) clinically unaffected and (2) MCPD-affected elbows. This 2nd group was subdivided based on the presence of a displaced FCP. UBD was measured linearly, in Hounsfield units (HU) across the widest part of the ulna incorporating the MCP. The radial head was divided into 6 zones, with mean RRBD (HU) calculated for each group. RESULTS MCPD-affected Labrador Retriever elbows had significantly lower UBD within the MCP with a higher UBD in the cranial ulnar medulla. Lower RRBD was also seen in the radial head adjacent to the MCP in MCPD-affected Labrador Retriever elbows with FCP compared with Labrador Retriever elbows without FCP. Greyhounds had consistently lower RRBD and UBD at the apex of the MCP compared with clinically unaffected Labrador Retriever elbows. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a caudolateral load-transfer shift through the ulna in MCPD-affected elbow joints, unloading the MCP. Changes in regional radial head bone density suggest that the radial head is involved in the pathogenesis of MCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Phillips
- University of Bristol, Centre for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Martí-Angulo S, García-López N, Díaz-Ramos A. Efficacy of an oral hyaluronate and collagen supplement as a preventive treatment of elbow dysplasia. J Vet Sci 2014; 15:569-74. [PMID: 25234322 PMCID: PMC4269601 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.4.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and five Labrador dogs were randomly divided into two groups to determine the number of animals that develop elbow dysplasia when treated with an oral supplement compared to untreated ones. Efficacy of the oral treatment was also evaluated once illness was diagnosed. The supplement (Hyaloral) contained hyaluronic acid, hydrolysed collagen, glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, and gamma oryzanol. Clinical evaluation of the elbow joints was completed at months 3, 6, 12, and 20 by orthopaedic evaluations, radiography, serologic and blood analysis, and veterinarian evaluation of dysplasia symptoms. All side effects were recorded. In the control group, 33.3% of the dogs developed radiographic evidence of elbow dysplasia compared to 18.5% in the treated group. Symptoms of dysplasia at 12 months differed between the treated (12.5%) and control (61.5%) animals, and were significantly different at 20 months (p < 0.05). Differences in lameness along with movement and swelling of the elbows between groups were observed after 12 months. The treated group had improved significantly by the last visit (p < 0.05). No adverse side effects were reported. In conclusion, oral treatment with Hyaloral may have a potential cumulative action that provides protection against dysplasia and significantly improves symptoms of elbow dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Martí-Angulo
- Veterinary Service, ONCE (Organizacion Nacional de Ciegos Espanoles) Guide Dog Foundation, 28660 Madrid,
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Wavreille V, Fitzpatrick N, Drost WT, Russell D, Allen MJ. Correlation between histopathologic, arthroscopic, and magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with medial coronoid disease. Vet Surg 2014; 44:501-10. [PMID: 25227614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arthroscopic, and histopathologic changes in dogs with medial coronoid disease and to identify potential relationships between these findings. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. SAMPLE POPULATION Twenty-five diseased medial coronoid processes (MCP) were collected from 19 dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of medial coronoid disease that were surgically treated by subtotal coronoid ostectomy. A reference group of normal MCP was collected from 9 dogs euthanatized for reasons unrelated to elbow disease. METHODS MCP specimens were evaluated by MRI using a novel grading scheme (all dogs), arthroscopy using a modified Outerbridge scheme (affected dogs only) and histopathology (all dogs). RESULTS The common histopathologic findings were subchondral microfractures, subchondral microfractures continuous with cartilaginous fissures, moderate to severe hypercellularity of the marrow space, trabecular bone necrosis, and articular cartilage degeneration. The severity of cartilage disease in the MCP was moderate to severe in most specimens, even in cases with minimal arthroscopic pathology. Three distinct patterns of bone marrow lesion (BML) were identified adjacent to the MCP, but there was no correlation between BML pattern and either histopathologic or arthroscopic findings. There was moderate correlation between modified Outerbridge scores and MRI scores. No correlation was identified between the histopathologic changes and either MRI or arthroscopic scores. CONCLUSION There was no significant correlation between the clinical scores and histopathologic changes. Ongoing improvements in the resolution of noninvasive imaging techniques will likely improve description and understanding of the MCP disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wavreille
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Galindo-Zamora V, Dziallas P, Wolf DC, Kramer S, Abdelhadi J, Lucas K, Nolte I, Wefstaedt P. Evaluation of Thoracic Limb Loads, Elbow Movement, and Morphology in Dogs Before and After Arthroscopic Management of Unilateral Medial Coronoid Process Disease. Vet Surg 2014; 43:819-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Galindo-Zamora
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
- Small Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; National University of Colombia; Bogotá Colombia
| | - Peter Dziallas
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Davina C. Wolf
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Sabine Kramer
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Jalal Abdelhadi
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
- Department of Surgery and Reproduction; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tripoli; Tripoli Libya
| | - Karin Lucas
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Patrick Wefstaedt
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
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Villamonte-Chevalier AA, Soler M, Sarria R, Agut A, Gielen I, Latorre R. Ultrasonographic and Anatomic Study of the Canine Elbow Joint. Vet Surg 2014; 44:485-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Soler
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Ricardo Sarria
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Amalia Agut
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Ingrid Gielen
- Department of Veterinary Medical; Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics; University of Ghent; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Rafael Latorre
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
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Mariee I, Gröne A, Theyse L. The role of osteonecrosis in canine coronoid dysplasia: Arthroscopic and histopathological findings. Vet J 2014; 200:382-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Evaluation of biomarkers for osteoarthritis caused by fragmented medial coronoid process in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2014; 96:429-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Goodrich ZJ, Norby B, Eichelberger BM, Friedeck WO, Callis HN, Hulse DA, Kerwin SC, Fox DB, Saunders WB. Thoracic limb alignment in healthy labrador retrievers: evaluation of standing versus recumbent frontal plane radiography. Vet Surg 2014; 43:791-803. [PMID: 24467231 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report thoracic limb alignment values in healthy dogs; to determine if limb alignment values are significantly different when obtained from standing versus recumbent radiographic projections. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study. ANIMALS Labrador Retrievers (n = 45) >15 months of age. METHODS Standing and recumbent radiographs were obtained and limb montages were randomized before analysis by a single investigator blinded to dog, limb, and limb position. Twelve limb alignment values were determined using the CORA methodology. Measurements were performed in triplicate and intra-observer variability was evaluated by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Limb alignment values were reported as mean ± SD and 95% confidence intervals. Linear mixed models were used to determine if significant associations existed between limb alignment values and limb, limb position, gender, age, weight, and body condition score. RESULTS There were significant differences in standing and recumbent limb alignment values for all values except elbow mechanical axis deviation (eMAD). Limb, gender, age, body weight, and body condition score had no effect. ICC values ranged from 0.522 to 0.758, indicating moderate to substantial agreement for repeated measurements by a single investigator. CONCLUSIONS Limb alignment values are significantly different when determined from standing versus recumbent radiographs in healthy Labrador Retrievers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Goodrich
- Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas
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de Bakker E, Gielen I, Kromhout K, van Bree H, Van Ryssen B. Magnetic resonance imaging of primary and concomitant flexor enthesopathy in the canine elbow. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:56-62. [PMID: 24033814 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexor enthesopathy is a recently recognized elbow disorder in dogs and considered to be an important differential diagnosis for elbow lameness. Primary and concomitant forms of the disease have been previously described and treatments differ for the two forms. The goal of this prospective study was to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for dogs with primary flexor enthesopathy (n = 17), concomitant flexor enthesopathy (n = 23), elbow dysplasia alone (n = 13), and normal elbows (n = 7). Each elbow joint underwent MRI using the same low-field scanner. Sequences included transverse and sagittal T1-weighted (before and after IV contrast), transverse and sagittal T2-weighted, and dorsal STIR. For each elbow, MRI lesions were recorded based on a consensus of two observers unaware of group status. Magnetic resonance imaging lesions involving flexor tendons were found in 100% of clinically affected joints with primary flexor enthesopathy and 96% of clinically affected joints with concomitant flexor enthesopathy. Thickened flexor muscles were the most common lesions, followed by hyperintense tendon signal and contrast enhancement. Irregular, thickened medial humeral epicondyle, edema, and calcified body lesions were less frequently observed. Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of flexor enthesopathy were not found in normal joints or those affected by elbow dysplasia alone. No significant differences in frequencies and details of individual MRI characteristics were found between primary and concomitant flexor enthesopathy groups. Findings indicated that MRI is a sensitive technique for detection of flexor enthesopathy lesions in dogs, however, MRI characteristics do not allow differentiation of primary versus concomitant forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien de Bakker
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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de Bakker E, Gielen I, van Caelenberg A, van Bree H, van Ryssen B. Computed tomography of canine elbow joints affected by primary and concomitant flexor enthesopathy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:45-55. [PMID: 24033837 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexor enthesopathy is an important differential diagnosis for elbow lameness in dogs. The disorder can be a primary cause of elbow lameness or concomitant with other elbow pathology. Since treatment differs for primary and concomitant forms of flexor enthesopathy, a noninvasive method for distinguishing between them is needed. In the current prospective study, computed tomographic (CT) examination was performed before and after IV injection of contrast in 17 dogs with primary flexor enthesopathy, 24 dogs with concomitant flexor enthesopathy, 13 dogs with elbow dysplasia, and seven normal dogs. Dogs were assigned to groups based on results of clinical examination and at least three other imaging modalities. Computed tomographic lesions consistent with flexor enthesopathy were found in all clinically affected joints with primary flexor enthesopathy and in 29 of the 30 clinically affected joints with concomitant flexor enthesopathy. Those lesions were not found in sound elbows or joints affected by elbow dysplasia. Flexor lesions detected in dogs with primary flexor enthesopathy were not significantly different from those detected in dogs with the concomitant form. Findings indicated that CT can be applied to detect flexor enthesopathy, but a distinction between the primary and concomitant forms was not always possible. Authors recommend the use of multiple diagnostic techniques for treatment planning in affected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien de Bakker
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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