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Obel C, Bergström A, Comin A, Engdahl K. Long-term outcomes in dogs with elbow dysplasia, assessed using the canine orthopaedic index. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e2950. [PMID: 37138533 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elbow dysplasia (ED) is an important cause of lameness in dogs. This study aimed to report long-term outcomes in dogs with elbow osteoarthritis. METHODS Demographic data, medical management, and scores from The American College of Veterinary Surgeons' Canine Orthopaedic Index (COI) were collected from owners of dogs radiographically screened for ED, graded as normal, mild, or moderate. Telephone interviews were performed in 2017 (Q1), followed by an email survey in 2020 (Q2). The association between ED grade and deterioration in COI scores over time was evaluated with logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 765 replies were collected for Q1 and 293 for Q2. At Q2, 222 dogs (76%) were alive, with a median age of 8 years (range 5-12 years). No association was found between ED and changes in COI score over time or between ED and survival (p = 0.071). Dogs with mild and moderate ED were treated with analgesic medications to a higher degree than dogs without ED (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS Only owner-assed data were assessed; no clinical orthopaedic examination or follow-up radiographic evaluation was performed. CONCLUSIONS No association was found between the grade of ED and the worsening of clinical signs in dogs with elbow osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Bergström
- AniCura Albano Small Animal Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arianna Comin
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karolina Engdahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Gordon CL, Reeves SJ, Burchell RK, Thomson C, Gal A, Lopez‐Villalobos N, Webster NSL, Litster KM, Mitchell RAS. A blinded, placebo-controlled study on the clinical effects of vitamin E supplementation in dogs with osteoarthritis. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1839-1847. [PMID: 37522795 PMCID: PMC10472994 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E has a positive effect in the management of osteoarthritis in humans, and in a previous study of dogs. It has been suggested to decrease C-reactive protein concentrations and liver enzyme activities in humans and animals. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of vitamin E supplementation on lameness, pain, pain medication requirement, clinical pathology variables, and quality of life in large-breed dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. ANIMALS Fifty-seven client-owned dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. METHODS Dogs received either vitamin E or placebo for 90 days in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, prospective clinical trial. Clinical lameness scores, pain medication requirements, and owner questionnaires were used to assess response to treatment every 30 days. Blood samples were collected at enrollment and at the end of the study period. RESULTS Vitamin E administration did not improve pain, lameness, or quality of life as assessed by owners and veterinarians. Vitamin E supplementation did not decrease the requirement for rescue pain relief. No changes in clinical pathology variables were observed after 90 days of vitamin E supplementation. Body weight was negatively associated with the lameness scores and requirement for rescue pain relief. CONCLUSION Vitamin E supplementation did not have any observable positive effects in dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey L. Gordon
- Department of SurgeryNorth Coast Veterinary SpecialistsSippy DownsQueenslandAustralia
| | - Samantha J. Reeves
- Department of MedicineNorth Coast Veterinary SpecialistsSippy DownsQueenslandAustralia
| | - Richard K. Burchell
- Department of MedicineNorth Coast Veterinary SpecialistsSippy DownsQueenslandAustralia
| | - Craig Thomson
- Department of SurgeryNorth Coast Veterinary SpecialistsSippy DownsQueenslandAustralia
| | - Arnon Gal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical MedicineUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | | | | | - Kimberley M. Litster
- Department of SurgeryNorth Coast Veterinary SpecialistsSippy DownsQueenslandAustralia
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3
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Stoneburner RM, Howard J, Gurian EM, Jones SC, Karlin WM, Kieves NR. Conservative nonsurgical treatment for cranial cruciate ligament disease can be an effective management strategy in cats based on validated owner-based subjective assessment in some cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1471-1474. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.01.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To describe long-term outcomes of cats managed medically for cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) via a validated owner-based questionnaire.
ANIMALS
18 client-owned cats.
PROCEDURES
Retrospective review of medical records at 2 tertiary referral hospitals was conducted for records of cats diagnosed with CCLD for which medical management was pursued. History, physical examination findings, and medical management strategies were recorded. Owner follow-up was obtained via phone call or an email correspondence interview using a 2-part questionnaire. Part 1 consisted of 5 multiple-choice questions evaluating short-term outcomes following initiation of medical management. Part 2 assessed long-term outcomes via the validated Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index—short form metrology instrument.
RESULTS
Mean follow-up time was 66.5 ± 46.7 months (range, 7 to 154 months). Medical management included oral analgesics, activity restriction, and joint supplements. Of the 18 cats, 13 (72%) were always able to bear weight or became weight bearing within a week following initiation of medical management, and 15 (83%) were reportedly clinically normal within 3 months of initiating medical management, with complete resolution of lameness occurring in less than 2 months in 12 of those cats. Long term, 17 of the 18 (94%) owners reported they felt that their cat had a good to excellent outcome with medical management. The mean Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index—short form score of all cats was 0.29 ± 0.53 (range, 0 to 2.13).
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Based on owner follow-up, conservative, nonsurgical management of CCLD can be an effective and appropriate management strategy for some cats; however, some may be best treated with surgical stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan M. Stoneburner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - James Howard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Eva M. Gurian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Stephen C. Jones
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - William M. Karlin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Nina R. Kieves
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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4
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Hebel M, Panek WK, Ruszkowski JJ, Nabzdyk M, Niedzielski D, Pituch KC, Jackson AM, Kiełbowicz M, Pomorska-Mól M. Computed tomography findings in a cohort of 169 dogs with elbow dysplasia - a retrospective study. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:296. [PMID: 34488762 PMCID: PMC8419939 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine elbow dysplasia (CED) is a complex developmental skeletal disorder associated with a number of pathological conditions within the cubital joint. Because CED is a heritable disease, it is important to identify and remove the affected animals from breeding. The first objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of medial coronoid process disease (MCPD) without (MCD) or with (FMCP) fragmented medial coronoid process, osteochondrosis (OC) and/or osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), ununited anconeal process (UAP), radio-ulnar incongruence (INC R-U) and humero-ulnar incongruence (INC H-U) in dogs with the use of CT imaging. The second aim was to determine the influence of demographics on the prevalence of investigated pathologies in dogs with clinical evidence of elbow dysplasia. Results In this retrospective study, CT data records of 169 dogs of different breeds presented to the small animal veterinary clinic from 2012 to 2018 were included. 69.23% of dogs diagnosed with CED were young (≤ 2 years old). The mean age of dogs presented with INC R-U was 1.68 ± 1.82 years, while in dogs without INC R-U the mean age was 2.64 ± 2.59 years. The mean age of dogs with INC H-U was 1.94 ± 2.06 years, while without INC H-U 3.29 ± 2.09 years. Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherd and Bernese Mountain dogs were most frequently presented with CED-associated lameness. In 122 dogs OA of varying severity was found. Conclusion INC H-U, FMCP and MCD were among the most frequently found components of CED found in the present study. OCD and UAP were the least frequently diagnosed. Dogs presented with INC R-U and INC H-U were significantly younger than dogs without these CED components. Boxers, Dog de Bordeaux, American Staffordshire terriers and mixed-breed dogs were diagnosed later in life than the other breeds. OA of varying severity was found in 72.18% of dogs. Males accounted for more than 75% of the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Hebel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Jakub J Ruszkowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland. .,University Centre for Veterinary Medicine, Szydłowska 43, 60-656, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Maria Nabzdyk
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz Niedzielski
- Small Animal Veterinary Clinic, Klinika Psa i Kota, ul. Bolesława Krzywoustego 105/21, 51-166, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna C Pituch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Med, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Aaron M Jackson
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Medvet Chicago, 3123 N. Clybourn Ave, Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
| | - Maciej Kiełbowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
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5
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Johnson KA, Lee AH, Swanson KS. Nutrition and nutraceuticals in the changing management of osteoarthritis for dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:1335-1341. [PMID: 32459583 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.12.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Malek S, Marini F, Rochat MC, Béraud R, Wright GM, Riley CB. Infrared spectroscopy of synovial fluid as a potential screening approach for the diagnosis of naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Teixeira FA, Queiroz MR, Oba PM, Olivindo RFG, Ernandes MC, Duarte CN, Rentas MF, Brunetto MA. Brazilian owners perception of the body condition score of dogs and cats. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:463. [PMID: 33246455 PMCID: PMC7694915 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge of how owners view the body condition of their animals is an important factor for the success of the prevention/treatment of obesity and the engagement/adherence to nutritional interventions, which are fundamental to improve the animal prognosis. For this reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of the owners regarding the body condition score of their animals, compare the perception between cat vs. dog owners, and owners from the countryside vs. metropolitan region of São Paulo State in Brazil. RESULTS 601 dogs and 110 cats were included in this study. There was no significant difference in body condition score assigned by owners by species. Owners of dogs and cats classified by the veterinarian as ideal, overweight, and obese who disagree with body condition score assigned by veterinarian mainly underestimate the body condition score of their animals, while lean dogs' owners overestimate it. Countryside dog owners had a higher rate of disagreement with the veterinarian and more often underestimate the body condition score than owners from the metropolitan region. The owners of lean cats have the same judgments with veterinarians. CONCLUSIONS Owners of dogs and cats have difficulty assessing the body condition score, especially owners from countryside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alves Teixeira
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ramos Queiroz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Massae Oba
- Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Illinois, Urbana, USA
| | - Rodrigo Fernando Gomes Olivindo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane Ceschin Ernandes
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Nogueira Duarte
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Meeson RL, Todhunter RJ, Blunn G, Nuki G, Pitsillides AA. Spontaneous dog osteoarthritis - a One Medicine vision. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 15:273-287. [PMID: 30953036 PMCID: PMC7097182 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a global disease that, despite extensive research, has limited treatment options. Pet dogs share both an environment and lifestyle attributes with their owners, and a growing awareness is developing in the public and among researchers that One Medicine, the mutual co-study of animals and humans, could be beneficial for both humans and dogs. To that end, this Review highlights research opportunities afforded by studying dogs with spontaneous OA, with a view to sharing this active area of veterinary research with new audiences. Similarities and differences between dog and human OA are examined, and the proposition is made that suitably aligned studies of spontaneous OA in dogs and humans, in particular hip and knee OA, could highlight new avenues of discovery. Developing cross-species collaborations will provide a wealth of research material and knowledge that is relevant to human OA and that cannot currently be obtained from rodent models or experimentally induced dog models of OA. Ultimately, this Review aims to raise awareness of spontaneous dog OA and to stimulate discussion regarding its exploration under the One Medicine initiative to improve the health and well-being of both species. Osteoarthritis occurs spontaneously in pet dogs, which often share environmental and lifestyle risk-factors with their owners. This Review aims to stimulate cooperation between medical and veterinary research under the One Medicine initiative to improve the welfare of dogs and humans. Dogs have many analogous spontaneous diseases that result in end-stage osteoarthritis (OA). Inbreeding and the predisposition of certain dog breeds for OA enable easier identification of candidate genetic associations than in outbred humans. Dog OA subtypes offer a potential stratification rationale for aetiological differences and alignment to analogous human OA phenotypes. The relatively compressed time course of spontaneous dog OA offers longitudinal research opportunities. Collaboration with veterinary researchers can provide tissue samples from early-stage OA and opportunities to evaluate new therapeutics in a spontaneous disease model. Awareness of the limitations and benefits of using clinical veterinary patients in research is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Meeson
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Services and Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rory J Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Cornell Veterinary Biobank, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gordon Blunn
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - George Nuki
- Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.
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9
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O'Neill DG, Brodbelt DC, Hodge R, Church DB, Meeson RL. Epidemiology and clinical management of elbow joint disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK. Canine Med Genet 2020; 7:1. [PMID: 32835227 PMCID: PMC7371807 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-020-0080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conditions affecting the elbow joint are a common cause of lameness in dogs. Primary-care veterinary clinical data are now recognised as a valuable research resource. Using data from the VetCompass Programme, this study aimed to report the frequency and risk factors for elbow joint disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK and describe clinical management. Results From 455,069 dogs under veterinary care, the one-year period prevalence for elbow joint disease diagnosis was 0.56% (95% CI: 0.53-0.60). Of 616 incident cases, the most common specific variants of elbow joint disease were osteoarthritis (n = 468, 75.97%), elbow dysplasia (190, 30.84%) and traumatic (41, 6.66%). The most common signs described by the owners were lameness (n = 466, 75.65%), difficulty exercising (123, 19.97%) and pain (86, 13.96%). The most common findings recorded on veterinary examination were pain (n = 283, 45.94%), lameness (278, 45.13%) and reduced range of movement (243, 39.45%). Common medications used included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n = 544, 88.31%), tramadol (121, 19.64%) and disease modifying agents (118, 19.16%). Of 109 deaths involving euthanasia with information available from the 616 incident cases, elbow joint disease contributed to the decision to euthanase in 45 (41.28%) dogs.Five breeds showed increased odds of elbow joint disease compared with crossbred dogs: Rottweiler (OR: 6.16, 95% CI 3.89-9.75), Labrador Retriever (OR: 5.94, 95% CI 4.65-7.60), German Shepherd Dog (OR: 4.13, 95% CI 2.88-5.93), Golden Retriever (OR: 3.11, 95% CI 1.93-5.00) and English Springer Spaniel (OR: 2.00, 95% CI 1.26-3.18). Additional risk factors included having an adult bodyweight that was equal or higher than their breed/sex mean, advancing age, being male, being neutered, being insured and larger bodyweight. Conclusions Elbow joint disease is a relatively common diagnosis in dogs and has a high welfare impact as evidenced by the high proportion of cases recorded with pain, lameness and analgesic therapy. There are strong breed predispositions, in particular for large breed dogs. These findings present a clear case for improved breeding programmes to reduce the burden of elbow joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G O'Neill
- Production and Population Health, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Dave C Brodbelt
- Production and Population Health, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Rebecca Hodge
- Production and Population Health, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - David B Church
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Richard L Meeson
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
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10
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Porsani MYH, Teixeira FA, Amaral AR, Pedrinelli V, Vasques V, de Oliveira AG, Vendramini THA, Brunetto MA. Factors associated with failure of dog's weight loss programmes. Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:299-305. [PMID: 31877241 PMCID: PMC7397924 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine obesity is the cause of several health issues, and may predispose other diseases, such as orthopaedic disorders, endocrinopathies, metabolic abnormalities and cardiorespiratory disease which can lead to a decreased quality of life and reduced lifespan. Dog are considered overweight when their body weight is ≥15% above their ideal body weight, and as obese when their body weight exceeds 30% of optimal. Prevalence of canine obesity is estimated to be around 5%-20%, and up to 30%-40% when all overweight dogs are considered. Treatment is based on weight loss programmes, focused on caloric restriction associated with exercise. However, success rate of treatment is low. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for weight loss failure of obese dogs during treatment with low-calorie diets. METHODS Records of obese dogs undergoing weight loss programmes between May 2014 and May 2017, assessed by a team specialized in veterinary nutrition, were retrospectively evaluated. Dogs were classified according to weekly weight loss rate (WWLR) (<1%, between 1% and 2%, and more than 2%) and owner compliance with a dietary prescription and physical activity recommendations. RESULTS The mean WWLR was not satisfactory (<1%) in 64.4% (n = 47/73) of dogs. Regarding owner compliance with the dietary prescription, 44.7% (n = 21/47) of owners did not follow diet prescriptions and physical activity recommendations for their dogs. There was a significant association (p = .01) between compliance of owners and satisfactory weight loss rate; however, there was no association between weight loss success, diet composition sex, reproductive status, age of the dogs and their physical activity (p ≥ .05). CONCLUSIONS Non-compliance represents a great challenge in the treatment of canine obesity, and may be of more importance than other aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Y H Porsani
- Veterinary Internal Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio A Teixeira
- Veterinary Internal Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa R Amaral
- Veterinary Internal Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Veterinary Internal Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Vasques
- Veterinary Internal Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariane G de Oliveira
- Veterinary Internal Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago H A Vendramini
- Nutrition and Animal Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Brunetto
- Nutrition and Animal Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Body weight at 10 years of age and change in body composition between 8 and 10 years of age were related to survival in a longitudinal study of 39 Labrador retriever dogs. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:42. [PMID: 31500653 PMCID: PMC6734441 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity have been adversely associated with longevity in dogs but there is scarce knowledge on the relation between body composition and lifespan. We aimed to investigate the effects of body composition, and within-dog changes over time, on survival in adult Labradors using a prospective cohort study design. The dogs had a median age of 6.5 years at study start and were kept in similar housing and management conditions throughout. The effects of the various predictors, including the effect of individual monthly-recorded change in body weight as a time varying covariate, were evaluated using survival analysis. RESULTS All dogs were followed to end-of-life; median age at end-of-life was 14.0 years. Body composition was measured annually with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometer (DEXA) scans between 6.2 and 17.0 years. All 39 dogs had DEXA recorded at 8, 9 and 10 years of age. During the study the mean (± SD) percent of fat (PF) and lean mass (PL) was 32.8 (± 5.6) and 64.2 (± 5.5) %, respectively, with a mean lean:fat ratio (LFR) of 2.1 (± 0.6); body weight (BW) varied from 17.5 to 44.0 kg with a mean BW change of 9.9 kg (± 3.0). There was increased hazard of dying for every kg increase in BW at 10 years of age; for each additional kg of BW at 10 years, dogs had a 19% higher hazard (HR = 1.19, P = 0.004). For the change in both lean mass (LM) and LFR variables, it was protective to have a higher lean and/or lower fat mass (FM) at 10 years of age compared to 8 years of age, although the HR for change in LM was very close to 1.0. For age at study start, older dogs had an increased hazard. There was no observed effect for the potential confounders sex, coat colour and height at shoulders, or of the time-varying covariate. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that even rather late-life control efforts on body weight and the relationship between lean and fat mass may influence survival in dogs. Such "windows of opportunity" can be used to develop healthcare strategies that would help promote an increased healthspan in dogs.
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12
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Mazzatenta A, Carluccio A, Robbe D, Giulio CD, Cellerino A. The companion dog as a unique translational model for aging. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 70:141-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Gunn‐Moore D, Kaidanovich‐Beilin O, Iradi MCG, Gunn‐Moore F, Lovestone S. Alzheimer's disease in humans and other animals: A consequence of postreproductive life span and longevity rather than aging. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 14:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danièlle Gunn‐Moore
- University of Edinburgh Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute Easter Bush Campus Roslin UK
| | | | - María Carolina Gallego Iradi
- University of Florida, College of Medicine Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Gainesville FL USA
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14
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Nutritional management of search and rescue dogs. J Nutr Sci 2017; 6:e44. [PMID: 29152248 PMCID: PMC5672312 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2017.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs used for search and rescue (SAR) may experience continuous micro-traumas that predispose them to skeletal disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of diet on osteo-articular apparatus in healthy SAR dogs. A total of sixteen SAR dogs were divided into two groups (low supplementation (LS) and high supplementation (HS)) and were fed for 3 months with two experimental diets, characterised by the same protein and energy density, but different in n-3 PUFA (6·2 v. 8·4 % of metabolisable energy), chondroitin sulfate (219·8 v. 989·0 mg/kg DM) and glucosamine (769·2 v. 1318·7 mg/kg DM) in the LS and HS groups, respectively. At recruitment all dogs showed no joint inflammation signs, except four that showed mild symptoms. Haematology and serum biochemistry were performed every 30 d. Joint status was scored by physical and lameness evaluations. The sampling effect analysis showed potential beneficial effects by a decrease in a specific marker of membrane integrity (creatine kinase; CK). Comparing groups, glucose was significantly higher and CK was significantly lower in the HS group; however, in both cases the levels of these parameters fell in the normal range. At the end of the experiment, erythrocytes, Hb and packed cell volume were significantly higher in the HS compared with the LS group. These could result in an improvement in dogs’ performance, even if this aspect was not investigated in the present study. Concerning joint evaluation (pain on manipulation, lameness and range of motion), no statistically significant differences were detected between the groups and within the experimental period.
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15
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Correlation between osteoarthritic changes in the stifle joint in dogs and the results of orthopedic, radiographic, ultrasonographic and arthroscopic examinations. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:129-137. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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McNeill JN, Wu CL, Rabey KN, Schmitt D, Guilak F. Life-long caloric restriction does not alter the severity of age-related osteoarthritis. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9669. [PMID: 24981112 PMCID: PMC4150885 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic adipose tissue inflammation and its associated adipokines have been linked to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). It has been shown that caloric restriction may decrease body mass index and adiposity. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of lifelong caloric restriction on bone morphology, joint inflammation, and spontaneously occurring OA development in aged mice. C57BL/NIA mice were fed either a calorie-restricted (CR) or ad libitum (AL) diet starting at 14 weeks of age. All mice were sacrificed at 24 months of age. Adipose tissue and knee joints were then harvested. Bone parameters of the joints were analyzed by micro-CT. OA and joint synovitis were determined using histology and semiquantitative analysis. Lifelong caloric restriction did not alter the severity of OA development in C57BL/NIA aged mice, and there was no difference in the total joint Mankin score between CR and AL groups (p = 0.99). Mice also exhibited similar levels of synovitis (p = 0.54). The bone mineral density of the femur and the tibia was comparable between the groups with a small increase in cancellous bone volume fraction in the lateral femoral condyle of the CR group compared with the AL group. Lifelong caloric restriction did not alter the incidence of OA or joint synovitis in C57BL/NIA mice, indicating that a reduction of caloric intake alone was not sufficient to prevent spontaneous age-related OA. Nonetheless, early initiation of CR continued throughout a life span did not negatively impact bone structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N. McNeill
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 375 Medical Sciences Research Bldg, 3093, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 375 Medical Sciences Research Bldg, 3093, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Karyne N. Rabey
- />Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Daniel Schmitt
- />Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 375 Medical Sciences Research Bldg, 3093, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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17
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Energy intake, growth rate and body composition of young Labrador Retrievers and Miniature Schnauzers fed different dietary levels of vitamin A. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:2104-11. [PMID: 24666690 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Research in rodents has shown that dietary vitamin A reduces body fat by enhancing fat mobilisation and energy utilisation; however, their effects in growing dogs remain unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the development of body weight and body composition and compared observed energy intake with predicted energy intake in forty-nine puppies from two breeds (twenty-four Labrador Retriever (LAB) and twenty-five Miniature Schnauzer (MS)). A total of four different diets with increasing vitamin A content between 5·24 and 104·80 μmol retinol (5000-100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) metabolisable energy were fed from the age of 8 weeks up to 52 (MS) and 78 weeks (LAB). The daily energy intake was recorded throughout the experimental period. The body condition score was evaluated weekly using a seven-category system, and food allowances were adjusted to maintain optimal body condition. Body composition was assessed at the age of 26 and 52 weeks for both breeds and at the age of 78 weeks for the LAB breed only using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The growth curves of the dogs followed a breed-specific pattern. However, data on energy intake showed considerable variability between the two breeds as well as when compared with predicted energy intake. In conclusion, the data show that energy intakes of puppies particularly during early growth are highly variable; however, the growth pattern and body composition of the LAB and MS breeds are not affected by the intake of vitamin A at levels up to 104·80 μmol retinol (100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal).
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18
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Pugh CA, Bronsvoort BMDC, Handel IG, Summers KM, Clements DN. What can cohort studies in the dog tell us? Canine Genet Epidemiol 2014; 1:5. [PMID: 26401322 PMCID: PMC4574393 DOI: 10.1186/2052-6687-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper addresses the use of cohort studies in canine medicine to date and highlights the benefits of wider use of such studies in the future. Uniquely amongst observational studies, cohort studies offer the investigator an opportunity to assess the temporal relationship between hypothesised risk factors and diseases. In human medicine cohort studies were initially used to investigate specific exposures but there has been a movement in recent years to more broadly assess the impact of complex lifestyles on morbidity and mortality. Such studies do not focus on narrow prior hypotheses but rather generate new theories about the impact of environmental and genetic risk factors on disease. Unfortunately cohort studies are expensive both in terms of initial investment and on-going costs. There is inevitably a delay between set up and the reporting of meaningful results. Expense and time constraints are likely why this study design has been used sparingly in the field of canine health studies. Despite their rather limited numbers, canine cohort studies have made a valuable contribution to the understanding of dog health, in areas such as the dynamics of infectious disease. Individual exposures such as neutering and dietary restriction have also been directly investigated. More recently, following the trend in human health, large cohort studies have been set up to assess the wider impact of dog lifestyle on their health. Such studies have the potential to develop and test hypotheses and stimulate new theories regarding the maintenance of life-long health in canine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carys A Pugh
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Barend M de C Bronsvoort
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Ian G Handel
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Kim M Summers
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Dylan N Clements
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
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Lavrijsen ICM, Heuven HCM, Meij BP, Theyse LFH, Nap RC, Leegwater PAJ, Hazewinkel HAW. Prevalence and co-occurrence of hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia in Dutch pure-bred dogs. Prev Vet Med 2014; 114:114-22. [PMID: 24588976 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hip as well as elbow dysplasia (HD, ED) are developmental disorders leading to malformation of their respective joints. For a long time both disorders have been scored and targeted for improvement using selective breeding in several Dutch dog populations. In this paper all scores for both HD and ED, given to pure bred dogs in the Netherlands from 2002 to 2010, were analyzed. Heritabilities and correlations between HD and ED were calculated for the 4 most frequently scored breeds. Heritabilities ranged from 0.0 to 0.37 for HD related traits (FCI-score, osteoarthritis, congruity, shape and laxity (Norberg angle); FCI: Fédération Cynologique Internationale) and from 0.0 to 0.39 for ED related traits (IEWG score, osteoarthritis, sclerosis and indentation; IEWG: International Elbow Working Group). HD related traits showed high genetic and residual correlations among each other but were only to a minor extent correlated with ED related traits, which also showed high correlations among each other. Genetic correlations were higher than residual correlations. Phenotypic and genetic trends since 2001 for the four most scored breeds were slightly positive but decreasing over time, indicating that selection over the past decade has not been effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C M Lavrijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H C M Heuven
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - B P Meij
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L F H Theyse
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R C Nap
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; Uppertunity Consultants, Gaspar Campos 245, B1638 Vicente Lopez, Argentina
| | - P A J Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H A W Hazewinkel
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Dycus DL, Au AY, Grzanna MW, Wardlaw JL, Frondoza CG. Modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress in canine chondrocytes. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:983-9. [PMID: 23802669 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.7.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether oxidative stress could be induced in canine chondrocytes in vitro. SAMPLE Chondrocytes obtained from healthy adult mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURES Harvested chondrocytes were maintained at 37°C with 5% CO2 for 24 hours. To assess induction of oxidative stress, 2 stimuli were used: hydrogen peroxide and a combination of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). To determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide, a set of chondrocyte-seeded plates was incubated with control medium alone or hydrogen peroxide (100, 200, or 300μM) for 24 hours. For inhibition of oxidative stress, cells were incubated for 24 hours with N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 10mM) before exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Another set of chondrocyte-seeded plates was incubated with control medium alone or with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) and TNF-α (1 ng/mL) for 24 hours. Supernatants were obtained for measurement of prostaglandin E2 production, and cell lysates were used for measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced-glutathione (GSH) concentration. RESULTS Chondrocytes responded to the oxidative stressor hydrogen peroxide with a decrease in SOD activity and GSH concentration. Exposure to the antioxidant NAC caused an increase in SOD activity in hydrogen peroxide-stressed chondrocytes to a degree comparable with that in chondrocytes not exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Similarly, NAC exposure induced significant increases in GSH concentration. Activation with IL-1β and TNF-α also led to a decrease in SOD activity and increase in prostaglandin E2 production. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Canine chondrocytes responded to the oxidative stress caused by exposure to hydrogen peroxide and cytokines. Exposure to oxidative stress inducers could result in perturbation of chondrocyte and cartilage homeostasis and could contribute to the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Use of antioxidants, on the other hand, may be helpful in the treatment of arthritic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Dycus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Brady RB, Sidiropoulos AN, Bennett HJ, Rider PM, Marcellin-Little DJ, DeVita P. Evaluation of gait-related variables in lean and obese dogs at a trot. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:757-62. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.5.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Lavrijsen ICM, Heuven HCM, Voorhout G, Meij BP, Theyse LFH, Leegwater PAJ, Hazewinkel HAW. Phenotypic and genetic evaluation of elbow dysplasia in Dutch Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Bernese Mountain dogs. Vet J 2012; 193:486-92. [PMID: 22336139 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Canine elbow dysplasia encompasses four developmental diseases: ununited anconeal process, osteochondrosis of the medial part of the humeral condyle, fragmented medial coronoid process (FCP), and incongruity of the elbow joint. Four radiographic views per joint were used to evaluate 2693 Labrador Retrievers (LRs), 1213 Golden Retrievers (GRs), and 974 Bernese Mountain Dogs (BMDs) for the presence of elbow dysplasia between 2002 and 2009 in the Netherlands. The views were also graded for signs of osteoarthritis and sclerosis. FCP was diagnosed most frequently in LRs, GRs and BMDs, with an incidence of 6%, 5%, and 15%, and a heritability of 0.17, 0.24, and 0.06, respectively. Heritabilities were estimated using a sire model and all available ancestors. Sclerosis at the base of the medial coronoid process was the radiographic sign most strongly correlated with FCP (r=0.95, 0.92, and 0.95 in LRs, GRs and BMDs, respectively). The sex of the dog was significantly correlated with the presence of osteoarthritis in LRs, but not in GRs and BMDs. Male LRs were 1.7-fold more frequently, but not more severely, affected by osteoarthritis than female dogs. Age at radiographic examination was significantly associated with osteoarthritis in all three breeds. The heritability estimates in Retrievers were high enough to warrant including FCP findings in the breeding policy, but until the biomechanical and genetic background of elbow dysplasia are better understood, correct phenotyping with a sensitive technique is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C M Lavrijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80154, 3508TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lascelles BD, Sheilah AR. DJD-associated pain in cats: what can we do to promote patient comfort? J Feline Med Surg 2010; 12:200-12. [PMID: 20193911 PMCID: PMC10829163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Degenerative joint disease (DJD) has a high prevalence in domestic cats and can be associated with pain. This pain should be addressed wherever possible. AUDIENCE All practitioners are faced with cats that are mobility impaired due to DJD-associated pain. PATIENT GROUP Cats of all ages and breeds, and either sex, can experience DJD-associated discomfort. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Recognizing DJD and assessing DJD-associated pain in cats is a challenge. Owner observations of activity and behavior, careful observation and a logical and thorough orthopedic evaluation are key. Current understanding of the etiology of feline DJD and the mechanisms of DJD-associated pain is incomplete, making the rational choice of treatments a further challenge. EVIDENCE BASE Evidence is emerging on the prevalence of feline DJD, and on how to assess the associated pain and mobility impairment. There is a lack of information on the etiology of feline DJD and a relative lack of data on the efficacy of putative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Duncan Lascelles
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory & Surgery Section, Department of Clinical Studies, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - A Robertson Sheilah
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory & Surgery Section, Department of Clinical Studies, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Innes JF, Clegg P. Comparative rheumatology: what can be learnt from naturally occurring musculoskeletal disorders in domestic animals? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:1030-9. [PMID: 20176567 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Examples of naturally occurring musculoskeletal disorders are extremely common in veterinary species and provide a valuable comparative research resource, which can provide compelling comparative data on the aetiopathogenesis and treatment of many common human musculoskeletal diseases. In particular, orthopaedic diseases are a common morbidity in both dogs and horses. In this review, we give an overview of the common musculoskeletal diseases encountered in these species: for instance, tendon and ligament injuries, arthropathies and stress fractures, as well as an insight into the basic biology of these conditions. In doing so, we aim to demonstrate the similarities and differences between these disorders and similar conditions in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Innes
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Department of Comparative Molecular Medicine, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK.
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