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Feyer S, Loderstedt S, Halter-Gölkel L, Merle R, Zein S, Müller K. Neurological examination of clinically healthy pigeons (Columba livia domestica), mute swans (Cygnus olor), common buzzards (Buteo buteo), common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) and northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis). Vet Rec 2024; 194:e3828. [PMID: 38291788 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A neurological examination is essential for determining the localisation of neurological lesions. However, in avian species, quantitative data regarding the practicability and feasibility of neurological tests are very limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish normative data for the neurological examination of clinically healthy birds of different species. METHODS Forty-two domestic and feral pigeons (Columba livia domestica), 42 mute swans (Cygnus olor), 12 common buzzards (Buteo buteo), 24 common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) and six northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) were examined. All birds underwent a predefined neurological examination. Interobserver variations between three examiners were investigated in 11 pigeons and 11 mute swans. RESULTS All postural reaction tests, except for the drop and flap reaction in mute swans, provoked a consistent response in pigeons and mute swans, whereas postural reaction tests of the legs in raptors were often not performable. Cranial nerve tests and most of the spinal reflexes revealed variable responses in all birds. The gastrocnemius reflex was not provokable in any bird. Interobserver agreement was almost perfect (Gwet's AC1 coefficient ≥0.81) for 16 of 21 parameters in the examination in pigeons and for 14 of 21 in mute swans. LIMITATIONS The inclusion of free-ranging birds, which were not used to handling and for which limited information regarding age, history of previous diseases, etc. was available, may have influenced the results. CONCLUSION The normative neurological examination data provided in this study will help improve clinicians' interpretation of neurological examination results in the respective bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Feyer
- Small Animal Clinic, Unit for Small Mammals, Reptiles, Exotic and Wild Birds, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shenja Loderstedt
- Small Animal Department, Neurology and Neurosurgery Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lesley Halter-Gölkel
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zein
- Small Animal Clinic, Unit for Small Mammals, Reptiles, Exotic and Wild Birds, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Small Animal Clinic, Unit for Small Mammals, Reptiles, Exotic and Wild Birds, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
The neurological examination is undertaken to determine whether any deficit is due to a lesion in the nervous system and, if so, where within the nervous system any possible lesion or lesions are located. The examination of horses has challenges not encountered when doing the equivalent examination in dogs and cats, principally that spinal reflexes and postural reactions are impossible/difficult to assess in most animals. The anatomy book can be consulted later but at the end of the neurological examination the clinician then should be able to determine broadly which area of the neuromuscular systems is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hahn
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Room 160 Middle Wing, Easter Bush, Roslin EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
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Berg CC, Doss GA, Guevar J. Neurologic examination of healthy adult African pygmy hedgehogs ( Atelerix albiventris). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:971-976. [PMID: 33856861 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.9.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a modified approach to neurologic examination of African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris). ANIMALS 12 adult hedgehogs (7 males and 5 females). PROCEDURES Aspects of the standard neurologic examination of dogs and cats were evaluated for use with awake hedgehogs, and modified approaches to evaluating their normal behavior and mentation, select cranial nerves and refexes, and gait were then identified. Behavioral analysis and gait analysis were performed by using video recordings of hedgehogs in a novel environment. Performability and repeatability of all feasible aspects of the neurologic examination were assessed. RESULTS Most aspects of the standard neurologic examination could be successfully performed, with repeatable results. However, certain aspects, especially those evaluating the pelvic limbs, were more difficult to perform successfully or were less repeatable. All hedgehogs lacked a menace response but displayed a contraction of the frontodorsalis muscle. Facial sensation testing was unreliable. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The entire standard neurologic examination could not be performed in hedgehogs. However, many aspects could be performed, and together they provided baseline data for neurologic examination of this species.
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Santifort KM, Mandigers PJJ. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:261-263. [PMID: 33496615 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Stephen AA, Kent M, Barber RM. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:141-145. [PMID: 33405982 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sabol J, Stevenson T. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:805-808. [PMID: 33021446 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.8.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Marzullo SM, Draper WE, Paritte J. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:1231-1234. [PMID: 33269963 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.12.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yeon KD, Kim JH, Han HJ. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:911-915. [PMID: 33064616 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.9.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Russell KJ, Powers DLD. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:1117-1120. [PMID: 33226293 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2020.257.11.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fantaconi N, Walker JJA, Ives EJ. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:1013-1016. [PMID: 33135979 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2020.257.10.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Xie S, Shuang-Li G, De Busscher V, Hsu CD. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:703-706. [PMID: 32955394 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.7.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Khan Z, Faller KME. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:267-271. [PMID: 32657663 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.3.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hepworth-Warren KL, Alcott CJ, Warren JD, Ruby RE, Wong DM. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:37-40. [PMID: 32538706 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Escauriaza L, Vandenberghe H, Barberet V, Granger N. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:43-46. [PMID: 33314978 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shoup OR, Cooper JJ, Powers DLD, Cannon MS. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:549-552. [PMID: 32068515 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.5.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fowler KM, Pancotto TE. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:303-305. [PMID: 31961266 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.3.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kalman G, Lee AM, Beasley MJ. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:1231-1233. [PMID: 31730440 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.11.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sivolapenko D, Del Pozo J, Drew S, Liuti T, Longo M, Marioni-Henry K. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:295-298. [PMID: 31298638 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Padley HF, Volckaert V, Smith PM. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:529-532. [PMID: 31429659 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.5.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fires CT, Benedicenti L. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:47-50. [PMID: 31841094 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Santifort KM, Viehoff F. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:1009-1012. [PMID: 31617811 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.9.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kasabalis D, Chatzis MK, Apostolidis K, Xenoulis PG, Buono A, Petanides T, Leontides LS, Polizopoulou ZS, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS, Saridomichelakis MN. Evaluation of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of aminosidine (paromomycin)-allopurinol combination in dogs with leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum: A randomized, blinded, controlled study. Exp Parasitol 2019; 206:107768. [PMID: 31539540 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum is a widespread zoonotic disease. Although aminosidine can be an effective treatment, current therapeutic recommendations do not advocate its use, mainly due to concerns regarding the potential nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of this drug. The aim of this randomized, blinded, controlled study was to evaluate the nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of aminosidine-allopurinol combination and compare it with that of meglumine antimonate-allopurinol combination in non-azotemic dogs with leishmaniosis. Forty dogs with leishmaniosis were randomly assigned to be treated with either aminosidine at 15 mg/kg, subcutaneously, once daily for 28 days (group A) or with meglumine antimonate at 100 mg/kg, subcutaneously, once daily for 28 days (group B). In addition to either drug, dogs in both groups were administered allopurinol at 10 mg/kg per os twice daily for 2 months. Kidney function was evaluated through measurement of serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, and cystatin-c concentrations and complete urinalysis, including protein-to-creatinine ratio, at baseline and after 14, 28, and 60 days from the beginning of the treatment. At the same time points, vestibular and auditory functions were evaluated through neurological examination and brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) recordings of wave I, wave V, inter-wave I-V latencies, and minimum hearing thresholds. None of the dogs developed clinicopathological evidence of kidney disease during the study. Serum creatinine concentration increased >0.3 mg/dl over baseline in 2 dogs in group A and in 5 dogs in group B. Parameters of kidney function were not significantly different or were improved compared to baseline and the only difference between the two groups was the lower concentration of serum creatinine in group A. None of the dogs developed peripheral vestibular syndrome or hearing impairment. At the end of the study, parameters of auditory function were not significantly different or were improved compared to baseline and there were no differences between the two groups. The results of this study show that the nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of aminosidine, when administered to non-azotemic dogs with leishmaniosis at 15 mg/kg subcutaneously once daily for 28 days along with allopurinol, is minimal and does not differ from that of meglumine antimonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kasabalis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon Str. 224, GR-43132, Karditsa, Greece; Veterinary Clinic St. Modestos, Aerodromiou Str. 59A, GR-57013, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M K Chatzis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon Str. 224, GR-43132, Karditsa, Greece
| | - K Apostolidis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon Str. 224, GR-43132, Karditsa, Greece
| | - P G Xenoulis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon Str. 224, GR-43132, Karditsa, Greece
| | - A Buono
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - T Petanides
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon Str. 224, GR-43132, Karditsa, Greece
| | - L S Leontides
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Animal Health Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon Str. 224, GR-43132, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Z S Polizopoulou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Voutira Str. 11, GR-54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - J S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - M N Saridomichelakis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon Str. 224, GR-43132, Karditsa, Greece.
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Skytte D, Schmökel H. Relationship of preoperative neurologic score with intervals to regaining micturition and ambulation following surgical treatment of thoracolumbar disk herniation in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 253:196-200. [PMID: 29963949 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.2.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the times required for dogs to regain micturition and ambulation following surgical treatment for thoracolumbar Hansen type I intervertebral disk extrusion (IVDE) and determine whether these variables were associated with preoperative modified Frankel score (MFS). DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study. ANIMALS 54 dogs weighing < 20 kg (44 lb) that were surgically treated for Hansen type I IVDE at a referral hospital between January and December 2015. PROCEDURES Medical records and CT and MRI data were reviewed. Information was collected regarding dog signalment, type and duration of clinical signs, preoperative MFS, degree of spinal cord compression, type of medical and surgical treatment provided, and intervals from surgery to regaining micturition and ambulation (outcomes). Collected data were evaluated for correlations with outcomes. RESULTS Mean ± SD interval from surgery to regaining micturition was 4.1 ± 4.4 days, and mean interval from surgery to regaining ambulation was 13.8 ± 25.1 days. These intervals differed significantly. Significant negative correlations with MFS were identified for interval to regaining micturition (r = -0.63) and interval to regaining ambulation (r = -0.64). No other correlations with outcome were identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The amount of time required for dogs to regain micturition and ambulation following surgery for thoracolumbar IVDE was correlated with preoperative severity of clinical signs, as reflected by preoperative MFSs. This information should be useful for pre- and postoperative decision-making and setting of expectations for owners of and clinicians treating affected dogs.
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Gómez MA, Mieres M, Ariyama N, Alvelo CM. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 254:67-70. [PMID: 30668289 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Petesch SC, Benedicenti L. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:1409-1412. [PMID: 30451624 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.11.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gibson RMB, Shores A, Cooley AJ. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:559-562. [PMID: 30110205 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.5.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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de Tonnerre DJ, Sanchez LC, MacKay RJ. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:413-415. [PMID: 30058962 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.4.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wagner JL, Cooper JJ. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:163-165. [PMID: 29963948 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lucchetti BN, Kent M, Barber RM, Wells B, Meichner K. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:39-42. [PMID: 29911937 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wagner GR, Williamson BG. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252:1211-1213. [PMID: 29701525 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.10.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kowal JB, Thomovsky SA, Shelton GD, Bentley RT. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252:405-408. [PMID: 29393743 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.4.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Samarani F, Añor S, Pumarola M, Montes de Oca I, Fernández F, de la Fuente C. What Is Your Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251:1379-1381. [PMID: 29190194 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.12.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fiske KE, Beasley MJ, Lee AM, Perkins JM, Gambino JM. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251:1133-1137. [PMID: 29099262 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.10.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kent M, Kirejczyk S, Aschenbroich SA, Barber RM, Platt SR. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251:897-900. [PMID: 28959925 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.8.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wendt-Hornickle E, Goudie-DeAngelis E, Baldo C. Anesthesia Case of the Month. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 250:1246-1249. [PMID: 28509637 DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.11.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Amengual P, Serra JC, Smith S, Marioni-Henry K. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 250:1097-1099. [PMID: 28467743 DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.10.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Cerebellar degeneration (abiotrophy) (CD) is a spontaneous and accelerated degeneration of one or several mature cerebellar neuronal cell populations and has been described in many domestic animals, especially in dogs, with numerous breed-related cases. In cats, CD is mentioned as a rare sporadic entity. Late onset CDs are exceptionally uncommon and only two cases are reported in young adults, both aged 18 months. This report describes clinical and pathological findings of a late onset feline CD in a 9-year-old male Persian cat. The cat was presented with a history of progressive ataxia lasting 2 years. Neurological examination revealed severe neurological deficits such as generalised and severe ataxia, hypermetria in all four limbs, and bilateral absence of menace response. The lesion was diffusely localised in cerebellum. On gross pathology, the cerebellum appeared of normal size and shape and kidneys were characterised by mild hyperaemia. Histologically, lesions were limited to the cerebellum and kidneys. In the cerebellum, all cerebellar folia of both hemispheres and the vermis were affected. Changes were characterised by severe and diffuse loss of Purkinje cells, loss of cellularity in the granular layer, mild astrogliosis associated with moderate hypertrophy of Bergmann's glia. Immunohistochemistry for feline parvovirus antigen revealed a negative result. Renal lesions consisted of chronic fibrosis associated with chronic interstitial nephritis. CD is a rare disease and occurs commonly in puppies or young animals, who are clinically normal at birth and usually develop neurological signs within a few weeks or months after birth. This report represents the first case of CD in a middle-aged cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Negrin
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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Viall AK, Nixon BK, Ruaux CG, Bildfell RJ. Pathology in Practice: severe, multifocal-to-coalescing, histiocytic and lymphoplasmacytic, necrotizing meningoencephalomyelitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 248:377-9. [PMID: 26829267 DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.4.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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