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Montemayor-Garcia C, Karagianni P, Stiles DA, Reese EM, Smellie DA, Loy DA, Levy KY, Nwokocha M, Bueno MU, Miller JL, Klein HG. Genomic coordinates and continental distribution of 120 blood group variants reported by the 1000 Genomes Project. Transfusion 2018; 58:2693-2704. [PMID: 30312480 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 1000 Genomes Project provides a database of genomic variants from whole genome sequencing of 2504 individuals across five continental superpopulations. This database can enrich our background knowledge of worldwide blood group variant geographic distribution and identify novel variants of potential clinical significance. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The 1000 Genomes database was analyzed to 1) expand knowledge about continental distributions of known blood group variants, 2) identify novel variants with antigenic potential and their geographic association, and 3) establish a baseline scaffold of chromosomal coordinates to translate next-generation sequencing output files into a predicted red blood cell (RBC) phenotype. RESULTS Forty-two genes were investigated. A total of 604 known variants were mapped to the GRCh37 assembly; 120 of these were reported by 1000 Genomes in at least one superpopulation. All queried variants, including the ACKR1 promoter silencing mutation, are located within exon pull-down boundaries. The analysis yielded 41 novel population distributions for 34 known variants, as well as 12 novel blood group variants that warrant further validation and study. Four prediction algorithms collectively flagged 79 of 109 (72%) known antigenic or enzymatically detrimental blood group variants, while 4 of 12 variants that do not result in an altered RBC phenotype were flagged as deleterious. CONCLUSION Next-generation sequencing has known potential for high-throughput and extended RBC phenotype prediction; a database of GRCh37 and GRCh38 chromosomal coordinates for 120 worldwide blood group variants is provided as a basis for this clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Montemayor-Garcia
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - David A Stiles
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erika M Reese
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Danielle A Smellie
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Debrean A Loy
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kimberly Y Levy
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Magdalene Nwokocha
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marina U Bueno
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffery L Miller
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harvey G Klein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Lomas-Francis C, Vege S, Velliquette RW, Fuchisawa A, Uchikawa M, Tani Y, Moro H, Debnath AK, Westhoff CM. Expansion of the Kell blood group system: two new high-prevalence antigens and two novel K0 (Kellnull ) phenotypes. Transfusion 2013; 53:2887-91. [PMID: 23968329 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of KEL alleles associated with new antigens or loss of expression of high-prevalence antigens continues to increase. We investigated KEL in five samples: two with K0 (null) phenotypes and three with normal Kell expression and antibodies to high-prevalence antigens. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Red blood cell (RBC) typing and antibody identification were by standard methods. Genomic DNA was isolated from white blood cells and DNA array testing and sequencing of KEL exons was performed by standard methods. RESULTS Proband 1, an Asian woman with Kp(b+) RBCs, presented with alloanti-Kp(b) . Four years later, the antibody was reactive with all RBCs except K0 . She was homozygous for KEL c.877C>T change (p.Arg293Trp), and the high-prevalence antigen absent from her RBCs was named KHUL. Probands 2 and 3, both Japanese and homozygous for KEL c.875G>A (p.Arg292Gln), presented with an antibody reactive with all except K0 RBCs. The antibody, named KYOR, recognizes an antigen antithetical to KYO (KEL31). Proband 4, a pregnant Middle Eastern woman, presented with alloanti-Kp(b) , but her RBCs did not express Kell antigens. She was homozygous for KEL c.230G>T (p.Cys77Phe). Proband 5, a multiply transfused Caucasian female with an antibody reactive with all RBCs except K0 and lacking Kell antigens, was a compound heterozygote carrying a silenced allele c.574C>T (p.Arg192Stop) in trans to c.1664G>A (p.Gly555Glu). CONCLUSION We describe two new high-prevalence Kell antigens, KHUL (ISBT 006037; KEL37) and KYOR (ISBT 006038; KEL38), and two novel alleles encoding K0 phenotypes. We caution that antibodies produced by individuals with K0 RBCs or lacking high-prevalence antigens can present as anti-Kp(b) .
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Velliquette RW, Hue-Roye K, Lomas-Francis C, Gillen B, Schierts J, Gentzkow K, Peyrard T, von Zabern I, Flegel WA, Rodberg K, Debnath AK, Lee S, Reid ME. Molecular basis of two novel and related high-prevalence antigens in the Kell blood group system, KUCI and KANT, and their serologic and spatial association with K11 and KETI. Transfusion 2013; 53:2872-81. [PMID: 23560718 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The numerous antigens in the Kell blood group system result from missense nucleotide changes in KEL. Antibodies to antigens in this system can be clinically important. We describe six probands whose plasma contained antibodies to high-prevalence Kell antigens and discuss their relationship. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Polymerase chain reaction amplification, direct sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism assays, hemagglutination, flow cytometry, and protein modeling were performed by standard methods. RESULTS Proband 1 (KUCI) and her serologically compatible sister were heterozygous for a nucleotide change in Exon 11 (KEL*1271C/T; Ala424Val). Proband 2 (KANT) was heterozygous for KEL*1283G/T (Arg428Leu) and KEL*1216C/T (Arg406Stop) in Exon 11. Red blood cells (RBCs) from Proband 1 and her sister were not agglutinated by plasma from Proband 2; however, RBCs from Proband 2 were agglutinated by plasma from Proband 1. Probands 3, 4, 5, and 6 had the KEL*1391C>T change associated with the previously reported KETI- phenotype. Proband 5 was also homozygous for KEL*905T>C encoding the K11-K17+ phenotype. Hemagglutination studies revealed an association between KUCI, KANT, KETI, and K11. Protein modeling indicated that whereas Ala424 and Arg428 are clustered, Val302 and Thr464 are not. CONCLUSION Ala424 in the Kell glycoprotein is associated with the high-prevalence Kell antigen, KUCI (ISBT 006032), which is detected by the antibody of Proband 1. Arg428 is associated with the high-prevalence Kell antigen, KANT (ISBT 006033). The association between KUCI, KANT, KETI, and K11 and the results of protein modeling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall W Velliquette
- Laboratory of Immunohematology and Genomics, New York Blood Center, Long Island City, New York; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, New York Blood Center, New York, New York; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, New York Blood Center, New York, New York; Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, New York Blood Center, New York, New York; Memorial Blood Centers, St Paul, Minnesota; Medcenter One, Bismarck, North Dakota; National Reference Center for Blood Groups, National Institute of Blood Transfusion, Paris, France; Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm and German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Laboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; American Red Cross, Southern California Region, Pomona, California
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Yang Y, Wang L, Wang C, Chen H, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Zhu Z. Two novel null alleles of theKELgene detected in two Chinese women with the Knullphenotype. Transfus Med 2009; 19:235-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Denomme GA, Flegel WA. Applying molecular immunohematology discoveries to standards of practice in blood banks: now is the time. Transfusion 2008; 48:2461-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohee Lee
- New York Blood Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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Boturão-Neto E, Bordin JO. Frequencies of KEL*29 (KALT) and KEL*30 (KTIM) alleles in blood donors and patients with hemoglobinopathies in Brazil. Transfusion 2007; 47:1552. [PMID: 17655604 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Daniels G, Flegel WA, Fletcher A, Garratty G, Levene C, Lomas-Francis C, Moulds JM, Moulds JJ, Olsson ML, Overbeeke MAM, Poole J, Reid ME, Rouger P, van der Schoot CE, Scott M, Sistonen P, Smart E, Storry JR, Tani Y, Yu LC, Wendel S, Westhoff CM, Zelinski T. International Society of Blood Transfusion Committee on Terminology for Red Cell Surface Antigens: Cape Town report. Vox Sang 2007; 92:250-3. [PMID: 17348875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2007.00887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Daniels
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Blood Service, Bristol, UK.
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Lee S, Sha Q, Wu X, Calenda G, Peng J. Expression profiles of mouse Kell, XK, and XPLAC mRNA. J Histochem Cytochem 2006; 55:365-74. [PMID: 17189525 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.6a7126.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kell and XK are related because in red cells they exist as a disulfide-bonded complex. Kell is an endothelin-3-converting enzyme, and XK is predicted to be a transporter. Absence of XK, which is accompanied by reduced Kell on red cells, results in acanthocytosis and late-onset forms of central nervous system and neuromuscular abnormalities that characterize the McLeod syndrome. In this study, expression of mouse XK, XPLAC, a homolog of XK, and Kell were compared by in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) and RT-PCR. ISHH showed that Kell and XK are coexpressed in erythroid tissues. ISHH detected XK, but not Kell, mRNA in testis, but RT-PCR indicated that both Kell and XK are coexpressed. XK, but not Kell, was significantly expressed in brain, spinal cord, small intestine, heart, stomach, bladder, and kidney. ISHH did not detect XK in skeletal muscle but RT-PCR did. In brain, XK was predominantly expressed in neuronal rather than in supportive cells. By contrast, XPLAC was predominantly expressed in the thymus. Coexpression of Kell and XK in erythroid tissues and the different expressions in non-erythroid tissues suggest that XK may have a complementary hematological function with Kell and a separate role in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohee Lee
- The New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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