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Bastien JP, Fekete N, Beland AV, Lachambre MP, Laforte V, Juncker D, Dave V, Roy DC, Hoesli CA. Closing the system: production of viral antigen-presenting dendritic cells eliciting specific CD8 + T cell activation in fluorinated ethylene propylene cell culture bags. J Transl Med 2020; 18:383. [PMID: 33036618 PMCID: PMC7547414 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major obstacle to anti-viral and -tumor cell vaccination and T cell immunotherapy is the ability to produce dendritic cells (DCs) in a suitable clinical setting. It is imperative to develop closed cell culture systems to accelerate the translation of promising DC-based cell therapy products to the clinic. The objective of this study was to investigate whether viral antigen-loaded monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) capable of eliciting specific T cell activation can be manufactured in fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) bags. Methods Mo-DCs were generated through a protocol applying cytokine cocktails combined with lipopolysaccharide or with a CMV viral peptide antigen in conventional tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) or FEP culture vessels. Research-scale (< 10 mL) FEP bags were implemented to increase R&D throughput. DC surface marker profiles, cytokine production, and ability to activate antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells were characterized. Results Monocyte differentiation into Mo-DCs led to the loss of CD14 expression with concomitant upregulation of CD80, CD83 and CD86. Significantly increased levels of IL-10 and IL-12 were observed after maturation on day 9. Antigen-pulsed Mo-DCs activated antigen-responsive CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. No significant differences in surface marker expression or tetramer-specific T cell activating potency of Mo-DCs were observed between TCPS and FEP culture vessels. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that viral antigen-loaded Mo-DCs produced in downscaled FEP bags can elicit specific T cell responses. In view of the dire clinical need for closed system DC manufacturing, FEP bags represent an attractive option to accelerate the translation of promising emerging DC-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Bastien
- Hematology-Oncology and Cell Therapy Institute, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Fekete
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ariane V Beland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Paule Lachambre
- Hematology-Oncology and Cell Therapy Institute, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Veronique Laforte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vibhuti Dave
- Hematology-Oncology and Cell Therapy Institute, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis-Claude Roy
- Hematology-Oncology and Cell Therapy Institute, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Corinne A Hoesli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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Fekete N, Béland AV, Campbell K, Clark SL, Hoesli CA. Bags versus flasks: a comparison of cell culture systems for the production of dendritic cell-based immunotherapies. Transfusion 2018; 58:1800-1813. [PMID: 29672857 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cell-based therapies targeting the immune system have emerged as promising strategies for cancer treatment. This review summarizes manufacturing challenges related to production of antigen presenting cells as a patient-tailored cancer therapy. Understanding cell-material interactions is essential because in vitro cell culture manipulations to obtain mature antigen-producing cells can significantly alter their in vivo performance. Traditional antigen-producing cell culture protocols often rely on cell adhesion to surface-treated hydrophilic polystyrene flasks. More recent commercial and investigational cancer immunotherapy products were manufactured using suspension cell culture in closed hydrophobic fluoropolymer bags. The shift to closed cell culture systems can decrease risks of contamination by individual operators, as well as facilitate scale-up and automation. Selecting closed cell culture bags over traditional open culture systems entails different handling procedures and processing controls, which can affect product quality. Changes in culture vessels also entail changes in vessel materials and geometry, which may alter the cell microenvironment and resulting cell fate decisions. Strategically designed culture systems will pave the way for the generation of more sophisticated and highly potent cell-based cancer vaccines. As an increasing number of cell-based therapies enter the clinic, the selection of appropriate cell culture vessels and materials becomes a critical consideration that can impact the therapeutic efficacy of the product, and hence clinical outcomes and patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Fekete
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc., Northboro R&D Center, Northborough, Massachusetts
| | - Ariane V Béland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Katie Campbell
- Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc., Northboro R&D Center, Northborough, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah L Clark
- Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc., Northboro R&D Center, Northborough, Massachusetts
| | - Corinne A Hoesli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Kolanowski STHM, Sritharan L, Lissenberg-Thunnissen SN, Van Schijndel GMW, Van Ham SM, ten Brinke A. Comparison of media and serum supplementation for generation of monophosphoryl lipid A/interferon-γ-matured type I dendritic cells for immunotherapy. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:826-34. [PMID: 24529557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Ex vivo-generated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) matured with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) can be used as cancer immunotherapy. MPLA/IFN-γ DCs induce Th1 T cell responses and have migratory capacity. Different culture regimens have been used for generation of immunotherapeutic DCs, with varying results. In the present study, culture conditions for MPLA/IFN-γ-matured type I DCs were optimized for clinical application. METHODS DCs were generated from monocytes in the clinical grade culture media CellGro DC, AIM V or X-VIVO 15 in the absence or presence of 2% human serum (HS) and matured with the use of MPLA/IFN-γ. DC yield and DC functionality were assessed. DC functionality was determined by means of analysis of cytokines in culture supernatant, migratory capacity, expression of co-stimulatory molecules, T cell stimulatory capacity of DCs and T helper cell (Th) polarization by the DCs. RESULTS DCs generated in the presence of 2% HS produced low amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and could not migrate irrespective of the medium used. In the absence of HS, MPLA/IFN-γ DCs generated in X-VIVO did not migrate either. MPLA/IFN-γ DCs generated in AIM V have slightly lower capacity to induce Th1 cells than do DCs generated in CellGro or X-VIVO. CONCLUSIONS Addition of HS to different GMP culture media is detrimental for pro-inflammatory DC maturation and migration. In the absence of serum, CellGro is the most optimal medium tested for generation of migratory and Th1-inducing MPLA/IFN-γ DCs for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja T H M Kolanowski
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply, Division of Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lathees Sritharan
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply, Division of Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne N Lissenberg-Thunnissen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply, Division of Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs M W Van Schijndel
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply, Division of Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Marieke Van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply, Division of Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply, Division of Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Macedo C, Turquist H, Metes D, Thomson AW. Immunoregulatory properties of rapamycin-conditioned monocyte-derived dendritic cells and their role in transplantation. Transplant Res 2012; 1:16. [PMID: 23369601 PMCID: PMC3560974 DOI: 10.1186/2047-1440-1-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In efforts to minimize the chronic administration of immunosuppression (IS) drugs in transplantation and autoimmune disease, various cell-based tolerogenic therapies, including the use of regulatory or tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) have been developed. These DC-based therapies aim to harness the inherent immunoregulatory potential of these professional antigen-presenting cells. In this short review, we describe both the demonstrated tolerogenic properties, and current limitations of rapamycin-conditioned DC (RAPA-DC). RAPA-DC are generated through inhibition of the integrative kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by the immunosuppressive macrolide rapamycin during propagation of monocyte-derived DC. Consistent with the characteristics of tolDC, murine RAPA-DC display resistance to phenotypic maturation induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli; exhibit the ability to migrate to secondary lymphoid tissue (important for 'cross-presentation' of antigen to T cells), and enrich for naturally-occurring CD4+ regulatory T cells. In rodent models, delivery of recipient-derived RAPA-DC pulsed with donor antigen prior to organ transplantation can prolong allogeneic heart-graft survival indefinitely, especially when combined with a short course of IS. These encouraging data support ongoing efforts to develop RAPA-DC for clinical testing. When compared to murine RAPA-DC however, human RAPA-DC have proven only partially resistant to maturation triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines, and display heterogeneity in their impact on effector T-cell expansion and function. In total, the evidence suggests the need for more in-depth studies to better understand the mechanisms by which mTOR controls human DC function. These studies may facilitate the development of RAPA-DC therapy alone or together with agents that preserve/enhance their tolerogenic properties as clinical immunoregulatory vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Macedo
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hēth Turquist
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Diana Metes
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Yao Z, Moorman JP, Jia Z. Dendritic cell-based immunity and vaccination against hepatitis C virus infection. Immunology 2012; 136:385-96. [PMID: 22486354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has chronically infected an estimated 170 million people worldwide. There are many impediments to the development of an effective vaccine for HCV infection. Dendritic cells (DC) remain the most important antigen-presenting cells for host immune responses, and are capable of either inducing productive immunity or maintaining the state of tolerance to self and non-self antigens. Researchers have recently explored the mechanisms by which DC function is regulated during HCV infection, leading to impaired antiviral T-cell responses and so to persistent viral infection. Recently, DC-based vaccines against HCV have been developed. This review summarizes the current understanding of DC function during HCV infection and explores the prospects of DC-based HCV vaccine. In particular, it describes the biology of DC, the phenotype of DC in HCV-infected patients, the effect of HCV on DC development and function, the studies on new DC-based vaccines against HCV infection, and strategies to improve the efficacy of DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Centre of Diagnosis and Treatment for Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
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Garritsen HS, Macke L, Meyring W, Hannig H, Pägelow U, Wörmann B, Geffers R, Dittmar KE, Lindenmaier W. Efficient generation of clinical-grade genetically modified dendritic cells for presentation of multiple tumor-associated proteins. Transfusion 2010; 50:831-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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