1
|
Favaloro EJ. The Role of the von Willebrand Factor Collagen-Binding Assay (VWF:CB) in the Diagnosis and Treatment of von Willebrand Disease (VWD) and Way Beyond: A Comprehensive 36-Year History. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:43-80. [PMID: 36807283 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1763259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The von Willebrand factor (VWF) collagen binding (VWF:CB) assay was first reported for use in von Willebrand diagnostics in 1986, by Brown and Bosak. Since then, the VWF:CB has continued to be used to help diagnose von Willebrand disease (VWD) (correctly) and also to help assign the correct subtype, as well as to assist in the monitoring of VWD therapy, especially desmopressin (DDAVP). However, it is important to recognize that the specific value of any VWF:CB is predicated on the use of an optimized VWF:CB, and that not all VWF:CB assays are so optimized. There are some good commercial assays available, but there are also some "not-so-good" commercial assays available, and these may continue to give the VWF:CB "a bad reputation." In addition to VWD diagnosis and management, the VWF:CB found purpose in a variety of other applications, from assessing ADAMTS13 activity, to investigation into acquired von Willebrand syndrome (especially as associated with use of mechanical circulatory support or cardiac assist devices), to assessment of VWF activity in disease states in where an excess of high-molecular-weight VWF may accumulate, and lead to increased (micro)thrombosis risk (e.g., coronavirus disease 2019, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura). The VWF:CB turns 37 in 2023. This review is a celebration of the utility of the VWF:CB over this nearly 40-year history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J Favaloro
- Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brown E, Ozawa K, Moccetti F, Vinson A, Hodovan J, Nguyen TA, Bader L, López JA, Kievit P, Shaw GD, Chung DW, Osborn W, Fu X, Chen J, Lindner JR. Arterial Platelet Adhesion in Atherosclerosis-Prone Arteries of Obese, Insulin-Resistant Nonhuman Primates. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019413. [PMID: 33880941 PMCID: PMC8200741 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Platelet–endothelial interactions are thought to contribute to early atherogenesis. These interactions are potentiated by oxidative stress. We used in vivo molecular imaging to test the hypothesis that platelet–endothelial interactions occur at early stages of plaque development in obese, insulin‐resistant nonhuman primates, and are suppressed by NADPH‐oxidase‐2 inhibition. Methods and Results Six adult rhesus macaques fed a Western‐style diet for a median of 4.0 years were studied at baseline and after 8 weeks of therapy with the NADPH‐oxidase‐2‐inhibitor apocynin (50 mg/kg per day). Six lean control animals were also studied. Measurements included intravenous glucose tolerance test, body composition by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, carotid intimal medial thickness, carotid artery contrast ultrasound molecular imaging for platelet GPIbα (glycoprotein‐ Ibα) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, and blood oxidative markers on mass spectrometry. Compared with lean controls, animals on a Western‐style diet were obese (median body mass: 16.0 versus 8.7 kg, P=0.003; median truncal fat: 49% versus 20%, P=0.002), were insulin resistant (4‐fold higher insulin–glucose area under the curve on intravenous glucose tolerance test, P=0.002), had 40% larger carotid intimal medial thickness (P=0.004), and exhibited oxidative signatures on proteomics. In obese but not lean animals, signal enhancement on molecular imaging was significantly elevated for GPIbα and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1. The signal correlated modestly with intimal medial thickness but not with the degree of insulin resistance. Apocynin significantly (P<0.01) reduced median signal for GPIbα by >80% and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 signal by 75%, but did not affect intimal medial thickness, body mass, or intravenous glucose tolerance test results. Conclusion In nonhuman primates, diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance leads to platelet–endothelial adhesion at early atherosclerotic lesion sites, which is associated with the expression of pro‐inflammatory adhesion molecules. These responses appear to be mediated, in part, through oxidative pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eran Brown
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute Portland OR
| | - Koya Ozawa
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute Portland OR
| | | | - Amanda Vinson
- Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health & Science University Portland OR
| | | | | | - Lindsay Bader
- Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health & Science University Portland OR
| | | | - Paul Kievit
- Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health & Science University Portland OR
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Research Institute Seattle WA
| | | | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute Portland OR.,Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health & Science University Portland OR
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lyseng-Williamson KA. Recombinant von Willebrand factor (vonicog alfa) in von Willebrand disease: a guide to its use. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-016-0350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Groeneveld DJ, van Bekkum T, Cheung KL, Dirven RJ, Castaman G, Reitsma PH, van Vlijmen B, Eikenboom J. No evidence for a direct effect of von Willebrand factor's ABH blood group antigens on von Willebrand factor clearance. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:592-600. [PMID: 25650553 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major determinants of von Willebrand factor (VWF) plasma levels is ABO blood group status, and individuals with blood group O have ~ 25% lower plasma levels. The exact mechanism behind this relationship remains unknown, although effects on clearance have been postulated. OBJECTIVES To determine whether clearance of VWF is directly dependent on the presence of ABH antigens on VWF. METHODS Three type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD) patients were infused with Haemate-P, and the relative loading of VWF with ABH antigens at different time points was measured. VWF-deficient mice were injected with purified plasma-derived human VWF obtained from donors with either blood group A, blood group B, or blood group O. RESULTS In mice, we found no difference in clearance rate between plasma-derived blood group A, blood group B and blood group O VWF. Faster clearance of the blood group O VWF present in Haemate-P infused in type 3 VWD patients would have resulted in a relative increase in the loading of VWF with A and B antigens over time. However, we observed a two-fold decrease in the loading with A and B antigens in two out of three patients, and stable loading in the third patient. CONCLUSION There is no direct effect of ABH antigens on VWF in VWF clearance. We demonstrate that, in a direct comparison within one individual, blood group O VWF is not cleared faster than blood group A or blood group B VWF. Clearance differences between blood group O and non-blood group O individuals may therefore be related to the blood group status of the individual rather than the ABH antigen loading on VWF itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Groeneveld
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maruyama H, Kaneko M, Otake T, Kano R, Yamaya Y, Watari T, Hasegawa A, Kamata H. Evaluation of a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeat motifs 13 (ADAMTS13) activity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring plasma ADAMTS13 activity in dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:226-31. [PMID: 24583948 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714523609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeat motifs 13 (ADAMTS13) is a von Willebrand factor (vWF)-cleaving protease. Deficiencies in ADAMTS13 activity are known to cause thrombotic diseases in human beings. The present study evaluated whether the human ADAMTS13 activity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit containing human vWF73 (a minimal substrate) and anti-N10 antibody (which specifically recognizes the decapeptide of the C-terminal edge of cleaved vWF by human ADAMTS13) is applicable to the measurement of canine plasma ADAMTS13 activity. Human vWF73 fused with a GST-tag and a His-tag (GST-hvWF73-His) was reacted with recombinant canine (rc)ADAMTS13, canine plasma, and human plasma, and then used in Western blotting using anti-N10 antibody. Linearity and intra- and interassay reproducibility of the human ADAMTS13 activity ELISA kit in canine plasma were further evaluated. Finally, plasma ADAMTS13 activity was measured in 13 healthy dogs and 6 dogs with bacteremia using the human ADAMTS13 activity ELISA kit. Cleaved products with a 28-kDa GST-hvWF73-His were detected specifically in rcADAMTS13 as well as in human ADAMTS13, and also in canine plasma by anti-N10 antibody, showing excellent linearity. Intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.0-12.4%, and interassay CV was 11.5-12.5%. The ADAMTS13 activity was significantly lower in dogs with bacteremia than in healthy dogs (P = 0.0025). The current study revealed that the human ADAMTS13 activity ELISA kit is applicable for measurement of canine plasma ADAMTS13 activity to elucidate the pathology of thrombotic diseases in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Maruyama
- 1Haruhiko Maruyama, Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bao J, Xiao J, Mao Y, Zheng XL. Carboxyl terminus of ADAMTS13 directly inhibits platelet aggregation and ultra large von Willebrand factor string formation under flow in a free-thiol-dependent manner. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 34:397-407. [PMID: 24357063 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ADAMTS13 (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin type 1 repeats, 13) cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF), thereby inhibiting thrombus formation. Proteolytic cleavage relies on the amino-terminal (MDTCS) domains, but the role of the more distal carboxyl-terminal domains of ADAMTS13 is not fully understood. A previous study demonstrated the presence of multiple surface-exposed free sulfhydryls on ADAMTS13 that seemed to interact with those on VWF under shear. Here, we determined the physiological relevance of such an interaction in antithrombotic responses under flow. APPROACH AND RESULTS A microfluidic assay demonstrated that a carboxyl-terminal fragment of ADAMTS13, comprising either 2 to 8 thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) repeats and CUB domains (T2C) or 5 to 8 Thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) repeats and CUB domains (T5C), directly inhibited platelet adhesion/aggregation on a collagen surface under arterial shear. In addition, an intravital microscopic imaging analysis showed that the carboxyl-terminal fragment of ADAMTS13 (T2C or T5C) was capable of inhibiting the formation and elongation of platelet-decorated ultra large (UL) VWF strings and the adhesion of platelets/leukocytes on endothelium in mesenteric venules after oxidative injury. The inhibitory activity of T2C and T5C on platelet aggregation and ULVWF string formation were dependent on the presence of their surface free thiols; pretreatment of T2C and T5C or full-length ADAMTS13 with N-ethylmaleimide that reacts with free sulfhydryls abolished or significantly reduced its antithrombotic activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time that the carboxyl terminus of ADAMTS13 has direct antithrombotic activity in a free-thiol-dependent manner. The free thiols in the carboxyl-terminal domains of ADAMTS13 may also contribute to the overall antithrombotic function of ADAMTS13 under pathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Bao
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (J.B., J.X., Y.M., X.L.Z.); The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (X.L.Z.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.X., X.L.Z.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mannucci PM, Kempton C, Millar C, Romond E, Shapiro A, Birschmann I, Ragni MV, Gill JC, Yee TT, Klamroth R, Wong WY, Chapman M, Engl W, Turecek PL, Suiter TM, Ewenstein BM. Pharmacokinetics and safety of a novel recombinant human von Willebrand factor manufactured with a plasma-free method: a prospective clinical trial. Blood 2013; 122:648-57. [PMID: 23777763 PMCID: PMC3736194 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-479527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of recombinant von Willebrand factor (rVWF) combined at a fixed ratio with recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) were investigated in 32 subjects with type 3 or severe type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) in a prospective phase 1, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. rVWF was well tolerated and no thrombotic events, inhibitors, or serious adverse events were observed. The PK of rVWF ristocetin cofactor activity, VWF antigen, and collagen-binding activity were similar to those of the comparator plasma-derived (pd) VWF-pdFVIII. In vivo cleavage of ultra-large molecular-weight rVWF multimers by ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13; the endogenous VWF protease) and generation of characteristic satellite bands were demonstrated. In 2 subjects with specific nonneutralizing anti-VWF-binding antibodies already detectable before rVWF infusion, a reduction in VWF multimers and VWF activity was observed. Stabilization of endogenous FVIII was enhanced following post-rVWF-rFVIII infusion as shown by the difference in area under the plasma concentration curve compared with pdVWF-pdFVIII (AUC0-∞) (P < .01). These data support the concept of administering rVWF alone once a therapeutic level of endogenous FVIII is achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
- Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Scientific Direction, IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pruss CM, Golder M, Bryant A, Hegadorn C, Haberichter S, Lillicrap D. Use of a mouse model to elucidate the phenotypic effects of the von Willebrand factor cleavage mutants, Y1605A/M1606A and R1597W. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:940-50. [PMID: 22372972 PMCID: PMC5962034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is tightly regulated by the metalloproteinase ADAMTS13, which cleaves VWF to reduce VWF multimer size and binding affinity for collagen and platelets. OBJECTIVE This study examines two VWF mutations, R1597W (enhanced cleavage) and Y1605A-M1606A (decreased cleavage), to determine their impact on VWF, in addition to ADAMTS13-mediated cleavage. METHODS In vitro mouse ADAMTS13 digestions were performed on recombinant proteins. VWF knockout mice received hydrodynamic injections of mouse Vwf cDNA, following which VWF antigen, multimer profile and VWF propeptide levels were determined. A ferric chloride injury model of thrombosis was also evaluated. RESULTS In vitro ADAMTS13 digestion of full-length mouse VWF required > 97-fold higher ADAMTS13 levels for Y1605A/M1606A, and 68% lower ADAMTS13 levels for R1597W compared with wild type. In vivo, R1597W had reduced VWF:Ag and both mutations exhibited increased VWF propeptide/VWF:Ag ratios. R1597W multimers show a lower molecular weight profile compared with wild type and Y1605A/M1606A mice. When co-injected with Adamts13 cDNA, Y1605A/M1606A multimers were larger compared with wild type, and R1597W showed only a single multimer band and decreased clearance via VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratio. R1597W was associated with reduced thrombus formation but normal platelet accumulation in a ferric chloride injury model while Y1605A/M1606A had a loss of occlusive thrombi but increased platelet accumulation compared with wild type. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that mutations that alter ADAMTS13 cleavage also can affect VWF clearance, VWF antigen level, multimer structure and thrombotic potential in the VWF knockout hydrodynamic injection model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Pruss
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
DE Meyer SF, Budde U, Deckmyn H, Vanhoorelbeke K. In vivo von Willebrand factor size heterogeneity in spite of the clinical deficiency of ADAMTS-13. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:2506-8. [PMID: 21952041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Xiao J, Jin SY, Xue J, Sorvillo N, Voorberg J, Zheng XL. Essential domains of a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats-13 metalloprotease required for modulation of arterial thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2261-9. [PMID: 21799176 PMCID: PMC3174348 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.229609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats-13 (ADAMTS13) inhibits platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis by cleavage of von Willebrand factor. However, the structural components of ADAMTS13 required for inhibition of arterial thrombosis are not fully defined. METHODS AND RESULTS Using recombinant proteins and a murine model, we demonstrated that an ADAMTS13 variant truncated after either the eighth thrombospondin type 1 repeat or the spacer domain inhibits ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis in ADAMTS13(-/-) mice with efficacy similar to that of full-length ADAMTS13. The results obtained from monitoring thrombus formation in carotid and mesenteric arteries were highly concordant. Further analyses by site-directed mutagenesis and human monoclonal antibody inhibition assay revealed that the Cys-rich and spacer domains of ADAMTS13, particularly the amino acid residues between Arg559 and Glu664 in the spacer domain, may be critical for modulation of arterial thrombosis in vivo. Finally, the thrombosis-modulating function of ADAMTS13 and variants/mutants was highly correlated with the von Willebrand factor-cleavage activity under fluid shear stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the amino terminus of ADAMTS13, specifically the variable region of the spacer domain, is crucial for modulation of arterial thromboses under (patho)physiological conditions. These findings shed more light on the structure-function relationship of ADAMTS13 in vivo and may be applicable for rational design of protein- or gene-based therapy of arterial thromboses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sheng-Yu Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin-AMC Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin-AMC Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - X. Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maruyama H, Ito K, Okabayashi K, Sakai M, Kano R, Watari T, Hasegawa A, Kamata H. Molecular cloning, in vitro expression and functional characterization of canine ADAMTS13. Res Vet Sci 2011; 93:213-8. [PMID: 21724217 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs, number 13 (ADAMTS13) is a plasma zinc metalloprotease also known as von Willebrand factor (VWF)-cleaving protease. Deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity is known to cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in humans. We isolated the canine ADAMTS13 cDNA, which encodes 1502 amino acids, and expressed the recombinant protein to evaluate VWF-cleaving ability. Although the propeptide domain was longer and the TSP1 repeat domain was shorter than those in other species, the overall structures were similar to human and mouse ADAMTS13. Recombinant canine ADAMTS13 cleaved the 250-kDa VWF monomer into two fragments of 150 kDa and 120 kDa. Furthermore, high molecular weight VWF multimers were abolished based on the activity of ADAMTS13. These results could facilitate research into hemostatic disorders such as TTP in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Maruyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pathologic mechanisms of type 1 VWD mutations R1205H and Y1584C through in vitro and in vivo mouse models. Blood 2011; 117:4358-66. [PMID: 21346256 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-08-303727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 VWD is the mild to moderate reduction of VWF levels. This study examined the mechanisms underlying 2 common type 1 VWD mutations, the severe R1205H and more moderate Y1584C. In vitro biosynthesis was reduced for both mutations in human and mouse VWF, with the effect being more severe in R1205H. VWF knockout mice received hydrodynamic injections of mouse Vwf cDNA. Lower VWF antigen levels were demonstrated in both homozygous and heterozygous forms for both type 1 mutations from days 14-42. Recombinant protein infusions and hydrodynamic-expressed VWF propeptide to antigen ratios demonstrate that R1205H mouse VWF has an increased clearance rate, while Y1584C is normal. Recombinant ADAMTS13 digestions of Y1584C demonstrated enhanced cleavage of both human and mouse VWF115 substrates. Hydrodynamic-expressed VWF shows a loss of high molecular weight multimers for Y1584C compared with wild-type and R1205H. At normal physiologic levels of VWF, Y1584C showed reduced thrombus formation in a ferric chloride injury model while R1205H demonstrated similar thrombogenic activity to wild-type VWF. This study has elucidated several novel mechanisms for these mutations and highlights that the type 1 VWD phenotype can be recapitulated in the VWF knockout hydrodynamic injection model.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chegeni R, Vickars L, Favaloro EJ, Lillicrap D, Othman M. Functional analysis of three recombinant A1-VWF domain mutants in comparison to wild type and plasma-derived VWF facilitates subtyping in type 2 von Willebrand disease. Thromb Res 2011; 127:161-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Feys HB, Anderson PJ, Vanhoorelbeke K, Majerus EM, Sadler JE. Multi-step binding of ADAMTS-13 to von Willebrand factor. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:2088-95. [PMID: 19765212 PMCID: PMC3863616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAMTS-13 proteolytic activity is controlled by the conformation of its substrate, von Willebrand factor (VWF), and changes in the secondary structure of VWF are essential for efficient cleavage. Substrate recognition is mediated through several non-catalytic domains in ADAMTS-13 distant from the active site. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that not all binding sites for ADAMTS-13 in VWF are cryptic and analyzed binding of native VWF to ADAMTS-13. METHODS Immunoprecipiation of VWF-ADAMTS-13 complexes using anti-VWF antibodies and magnetic beads was used. Binding was assessed by Western blotting and immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that ADAMTS-13 binds to native multimeric VWF (K(d) of 79 +/- 11 nmol L(-1)) with no measurable proteolysis. Upon shear-induced unfolding of VWF, binding increased 3-fold and VWF was cleaved. Binding to native VWF was saturable, time dependent, reversible and did not vary with ionic strength (I of 50-200). Moreover, results with ADAMTS-13 deletion mutants indicated that binding to native VWF is mediated through domains distal to the ADAMTS-13 spacer, probably thrombospondin-1 repeats. Interestingly, this interaction occurs in normal human plasma with an ADAMTS-13 to VWF stoichiometry of 0.0040 +/- 0.0004 (mean +/- SEM, n = 10). CONCLUSIONS ADAMTS-13 binds to circulating VWF and may therefore be incorporated into a platelet-rich thrombus, where it can immediately cleave VWF that is unfolded by fluid shear stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H B Feys
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Department of Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|