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Favaloro EJ. The Role of the von Willebrand Factor Collagen-Binding Assay (VWF:CB) in the Diagnosis and Treatment of von Willebrand Disease (VWD) and Way Beyond: A Comprehensive 36-Year History. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:43-80. [PMID: 36807283 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1763259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The von Willebrand factor (VWF) collagen binding (VWF:CB) assay was first reported for use in von Willebrand diagnostics in 1986, by Brown and Bosak. Since then, the VWF:CB has continued to be used to help diagnose von Willebrand disease (VWD) (correctly) and also to help assign the correct subtype, as well as to assist in the monitoring of VWD therapy, especially desmopressin (DDAVP). However, it is important to recognize that the specific value of any VWF:CB is predicated on the use of an optimized VWF:CB, and that not all VWF:CB assays are so optimized. There are some good commercial assays available, but there are also some "not-so-good" commercial assays available, and these may continue to give the VWF:CB "a bad reputation." In addition to VWD diagnosis and management, the VWF:CB found purpose in a variety of other applications, from assessing ADAMTS13 activity, to investigation into acquired von Willebrand syndrome (especially as associated with use of mechanical circulatory support or cardiac assist devices), to assessment of VWF activity in disease states in where an excess of high-molecular-weight VWF may accumulate, and lead to increased (micro)thrombosis risk (e.g., coronavirus disease 2019, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura). The VWF:CB turns 37 in 2023. This review is a celebration of the utility of the VWF:CB over this nearly 40-year history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J Favaloro
- Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Pascreau T, Zia-Chahabi S, Zuber B, Tcherakian C, Farfour E, Vasse M. ADAMTS 13 deficiency is associated with abnormal distribution of von Willebrand factor multimers in patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res 2021; 204:138-140. [PMID: 33583574 PMCID: PMC7871804 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Pascreau
- Department of Clinical Biology, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France; INSERM UMR_S1176, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | | | - Benjamin Zuber
- Department of Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Eric Farfour
- Department of Clinical Biology, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Marc Vasse
- Department of Clinical Biology, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France; INSERM UMR_S1176, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Mancini I, Baronciani L, Artoni A, Colpani P, Biganzoli M, Cozzi G, Novembrino C, Boscolo Anzoletti M, De Zan V, Pagliari MT, Gualtierotti R, Aliberti S, Panigada M, Grasselli G, Blasi F, Peyvandi F. The ADAMTS13-von Willebrand factor axis in COVID-19 patients. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:513-521. [PMID: 33230904 PMCID: PMC7753796 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by an increased risk of thromboembolic events, with evidence of microthrombosis in the lungs of deceased patients. OBJECTIVES To investigate the mechanism of microthrombosis in COVID-19 progression. PATIENTS/METHODS We assessed von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen (VWF:Ag), VWF ristocetin-cofactor (VWF:RCo), VWF multimers, VWF propeptide (VWFpp), and ADAMTS13 activity in a cross-sectional study of 50 patients stratified according to their admission to three different intensity of care units: low (requiring high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation, n = 14), intermediate (requiring continuous positive airway pressure devices, n = 17), and high (requiring mechanical ventilation, n = 19). RESULTS Median VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, and VWFpp levels were markedly elevated in COVID-19 patients and increased with intensity of care, with VWF:Ag being 268, 386, and 476 IU/dL; VWF:RCo 216, 334, and 388 IU/dL; and VWFpp 156, 172, and 192 IU/dL in patients at low, intermediate, and high intensity of care, respectively. Conversely, the high-to-low molecular-weight VWF multimers ratios progressively decreased with increasing intensity of care, as well as median ADAMTS13 activity levels, which ranged from 82 IU/dL for patients at low intensity of care to 62 and 55 IU/dL for those at intermediate and high intensity of care. CONCLUSIONS We found a significant alteration of the VWF-ADAMTS13 axis in COVID-19 patients, with an elevated VWF:Ag to ADAMTS13 activity ratio that was strongly associated with disease severity. Such an imbalance enhances the hypercoagulable state of COVID-19 patients and their risk of microthrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Mancini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Baronciani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Artoni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Colpani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Biganzoli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cozzi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Novembrino
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Boscolo Anzoletti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina De Zan
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pagliari
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Gualtierotti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, UOC Pneumologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Panigada
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, UOC Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Adulti, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Grasselli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, UOC Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Adulti, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, UOC Pneumologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
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Gorski MM, Lecchi A, Femia EA, La Marca S, Cairo A, Pappalardo E, Lotta LA, Artoni A, Peyvandi F. Complications of whole-exome sequencing for causal gene discovery in primary platelet secretion defects. Haematologica 2019; 104:2084-2090. [PMID: 30819905 PMCID: PMC6886420 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.204990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary platelet secretion defects constitute a heterogeneous group of functional defects characterized by reduced platelet granule secretion upon stimulation by different agonists. The clinical and laboratory heterogeneity of primary platelet secretion defects warrants a tailored approach. We performed a pilot study in order to develop DNA sequence analysis pipelines for gene discovery and to create a list of candidate causal genes for platelet secretion defects. Whole-exome sequencing analysis of 14 unrelated Italian patients with primary secretion defects and 16 controls was performed on Illumina HiSeq. Variant prioritization was carried out using two filtering approaches: identification of rare, potentially damaging variants in platelet candidate genes or by selecting singletons. To corroborate the results, exome sequencing was applied in a family in which platelet secretion defects and a bleeding diathesis were present. Platelet candidate gene analysis revealed gene defects in 10/14 patients, which included ADRA2A, ARHGAP1, DIAPH1, EXOC1, FCGR2A, ITPR1, LTBP1, PTPN7, PTPN12, PRKACG, PRKCD, RAP1GAP, STXBP5L, and VWF. The analysis of singletons identified additional gene defects in PLG and PHACTR2 in two other patients. The family analysis confirmed a missense variant p.D1144N in the STXBP5L gene and p.P83H in the KCNMB3 gene as potentially causal. In summary, exome sequencing revealed potential causal variants in 12 of 14 patients with primary platelet secretion defects, highlighting the limitations of the genomic approaches for causal gene identification in this heterogeneous clinical and laboratory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin M Gorski
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Lecchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan
| | - Eti A Femia
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan
| | - Silvia La Marca
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan
| | - Andrea Cairo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan
| | - Emanuela Pappalardo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca A Lotta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan
| | - Andrea Artoni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan .,Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
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5
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Di Pasquale I, Budde U, Tona F, Bertomoro A, Lombardi AM, Famoso G, Bertozzi I, Dittmer R, Schneppenheim S, Fabris F. Link between von Willebrand factor multimers, relapses and coronary microcirculation in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in remission. Thromb Res 2019; 173:42-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mancini I, Valsecchi C, Lotta L, Deforche L, Pontiggia S, Bajetta M, Palla R, Vanhoorelbeke K, Peyvandi F. FRETS-VWF73 rather than CBA assay reflects ADAMTS13 proteolytic activity in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura patients. Thromb Haemost 2017; 112:297-303. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-08-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SummaryCollagen-binding activity (CBA) and FRETS-VWF73 assays are widely adopted methods for the measurement of the plasmatic activity of ADAMTS13, the von Willebrand factor (VWF) cleaving-protease. Accurately assessing the severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 is important in the management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). However, non-concordant results between the two assays have been reported in a small but relevant percentage of TTP cases. We investigated whether CBA or FRETS-VWF73 assay reflects ADAMTS13 proteolytic activity in acquired TTP patients with non-concordant measurements. Twenty plasma samples with non-concordant ADAMTS13 activity results, <10% using FRETS-VWF73 and ≥20% using CBA, and 11 samples with concordant results, <10% using either FRETS-VWF73 and CBA assays, were analysed. FRETS-VWF73 was performed in the presence of 1.5 M urea. ADAMTS13 activities were also measured under flow conditions and the VWF multimer pattern was defined in order to verify the presence of ultra-large VWF due to ADAMTS13 deficiency. In FRETS-VWF73 assay with 1.5 M urea, ADAMTS13 activity significantly increased in roughly 50% of the samples with non-concordant results, whereas it remained undetectable in all samples with concordant measurements. Under flow conditions, all tested samples showed reduced ADAMTS13 activity. Finally, samples with non-concordant results showed a ratio of high molecular weight VWF multimers higher than normal. Our results support the use of FRETS-VWF73 over CBA assay for the assessment of ADAMTS13 severe deficiency and indicate urea as one cause of the observed differences.
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7
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Peyvandi F, Rossio R, Ferrari B, Lotta LA, Pontiggia S, Ghiringhelli Borsa N, Pizzuti M, Donadelli R, Piras R, Cugno M, Noris M. Thrombotic microangiopathy without renal involvement: two novel mutations in complement-regulator genes. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:340-5. [PMID: 26613809 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: The differential diagnosis among thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) is challenging. We studied a case of TMA with neurologic symptoms, no renal impairment and normal ADAMTS-13 levels. Two novel mutations in complement factor I and thrombomodulin genes were identified. Complement-regulator genes can be involved in TMAs with normal ADAMTS-13 regardless of renal damage. BACKGROUND Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) often represent a challenge for clinicians, because clinical, laboratory, and even genetic features are not always sufficient to distinguish among different TMAs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying an acute case of TMA with features of both thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). PATIENTS/METHODS We report the case of a 49-year-old woman who developed an acute TMA with neurologic involvement and no renal impairment. ADAMTS-13, von Willebrand factor, and complement-system biochemical characterization was performed on acute phase samples. Exome sequencing and direct Sanger sequencing of previously aHUS-associated genes were performed. The functional consequences of the thrombomodulin (THBD) mutation were investigated by in vitro expression studies. RESULTS Despite a clinical diagnosis of TTP, the patient had normal ADAMTS-13 levels and increased VWF antigen levels with ultra-large von Willebrand factor multimers. C3, C4, and complement factors H and I (CFI) were normal. Molecular analysis confirmed two novel heterozygous mutations in CFI (c.805G>A, p.G269S) and THBD (c.1103C>T, p.P368L), and in vitro expression studies showed a reduction in the generation of activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa) caused by mutated THBD. This proinflammatory condition, associated with the p.G269S mutation in CFI, probably leads to a complement-mediated endothelial activation, with a relevant prothrombotic potential in case of transient environmental triggers. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the first case of acute TMA without renal involvement but with neurological damage carrying two novel mutations in complement-regulator genes, highlighting the possible role of the complement system as a common pathogenetic mechanism in TMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peyvandi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - R Rossio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - B Ferrari
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - L A Lotta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - S Pontiggia
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - N Ghiringhelli Borsa
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M Pizzuti
- Unit of Hematology, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - R Donadelli
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò", Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | - R Piras
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò", Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Cugno
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Noris
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò", Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
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Expression of a structurally constrained von Willebrand factor variant triggers acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in mice. Blood 2014; 123:3344-53. [PMID: 24713928 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-10-531392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening disease that presents with thrombocytopenia, disseminated thrombosis, hemolytic anemia, and organ dysfunction. The etiology of TTP has revealed that patients share a deficiency in plasma protease a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13), the enzyme responsible for cleaving ultra-large von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers into nonthrombogenic fragments. Therefore, existing TTP mouse models were developed by targeted disruption of the ADAMTS13 gene. ADAMTS13(-/-) mice are mostly asymptomatic in the absence of a trigger, as redundant proteases appear to take on VWF processing. As an alternative approach to creating one such model, we devised a strategy based on the expression of a cleavage-resistant VWF mutant in mice. The creation of a disulfide bond within the A2 domain of VWF was found to render VWF multimers resistant to proteolysis by plasma proteases under flow. Furthermore, mice expressing the murine VWF/p.S1494C-p.A1534C mutant present with symptoms characteristics of acute TTP such as thrombocytopenia, red cell shredding, accumulation of VWF-rich thrombi in the microvasculature, and advanced TTP symptoms such as renal dysfunction and splenomegaly. Because this model appears to faithfully emulate the pathophysiology of TTP, it should prove most useful in the study of microangiopathic diseases and their treatment.
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Biomarkers of terminal complement activation confirm the diagnosis of aHUS and differentiate aHUS from TTP. Blood 2014; 123:3733-8. [PMID: 24695849 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-12-547067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is characterized by dysregulated complement activity, the development of a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), and widespread end organ injury. aHUS remains a clinical diagnosis without an objective laboratory test to confirm the diagnosis. We performed a retrospective analysis of 103 patients enrolled in the Ohio State University TTP/aHUS Registry presenting with an acute TMA. Nineteen patients were clinically categorized as aHUS based on the following criteria: (1) platelet count <100 × 10(9)/L, (2) serum creatinine >2.25 mg/dL, and (3) a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13 (ADAMTS13) activity >10%. Sixteen of 19 patients were treated with plasma exchange (PEX) therapy, with 6/16 (38%) responding to PEX. Nine patients were treated with eculizumab with 7/9 (78%) responding to therapy. In contrast to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) patients, no aHUS patients demonstrated ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers at presentation. Median markers of generalized complement activation (C3a), alternative pathway (Bb), classical/lectin pathway (C4d), and terminal complement activation (C5a and C5b-9) were increased in the plasma of these 19 patients. Compared with a cohort of ADAMTS13-deficient TTP patients (n = 38), C5a and C5-9 were significantly higher in the 19 patients clinically characterized as aHUS, suggesting that pretreatment measurements of complement biomarkers C5a and C5b-9 may confirm the diagnosis of aHUS and differentiate it from TTP.
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Peyvandi F, Mannucci PM, Valsecchi C, Pontiggia S, Farina C, Retzios AD. ADAMTS13 content in plasma-derived factor VIII/von Willebrand factor concentrates. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:895-8. [PMID: 23813910 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a microangiopathy syndrome caused by a congenital or acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13, a plasma metalloprotease that cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) and thus prevents the formation of platelet-rich thrombi in the microcirculation. TTP can be fatal if not appropriately and timely treated with the infusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or exchange plasmapheresis, that reverse the process of microangiopathy by removing anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies and replacing functional ADAMTS13. The treatment of TTP with FFP is not free from risks and must be administered in hospitals or clinics, owing to the substantial amount of plasma volume infused or exchanged and the frequent need of catheter application. Moreover, most FFPs are not subjected to treatments to remove or inactivate blood-borne infectious agents. A number of recent reports indicate that certain plasma-derived VWF-factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates are clinically effective in the treatment of congenital TTP. In this study, we measured ADAMTS13 levels in various plasma-derived VWF-FVIII concentrates, showing that Koate(®) -DVI (Grifols), contained relatively high amounts of ADAMTS13 and that Alphanate(®) (Grifols) was the closest other product in terms of protease content. Koate(®) -DVI contains, on average (five lots tested), 0.091 ± 0.007 Units of ADAMTS13 activity per IU of FVIII. On the basis of this analysis and other reports of VWF-FVIII concentrate utilization in congenital TTP, potential dosing, and future clinical developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Peyvandi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Center; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation; University of Milan, Luigi Villa Foundation; Milan Italy
| | - Pier M. Mannucci
- Scientific Direction; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan Italy
| | - Carla Valsecchi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Center; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation; University of Milan, Luigi Villa Foundation; Milan Italy
| | - Silvia Pontiggia
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Center; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation; University of Milan, Luigi Villa Foundation; Milan Italy
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Lotta LA, Tuana G, Yu J, Martinelli I, Wang M, Yu F, Passamonti SM, Pappalardo E, Valsecchi C, Scherer SE, Hale W, Muzny DM, Randi G, Rosendaal FR, Gibbs RA, Peyvandi F. Next-generation sequencing study finds an excess of rare, coding single-nucleotide variants of ADAMTS13 in patients with deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1228-39. [PMID: 23648131 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The considerable genetic predisposition to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is only partially accounted for by known genetic risk variants. Rare single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) of the coding areas of hemostatic genes may explain part of this missing heritability. The ADAMTS13 and VWF genes encode two interconnected proteins with fundamental hemostatic functions, the disruption of which may result in thrombosis. OBJECTIVES To study the distribution and burden of rare coding SNVs of ADAMTS13 and VWF found by sequencing in cases and controls of DVT. PATIENTS/METHODS The protein-coding areas of 186 hemostatic/proinflammatory genes were sequenced by next-generation technology in 94 thrombophilia-negative patients with DVT and 98 controls. Gene-specific information on ADAMTS13 and VWF was used to study the association between DVT and rare coding SNVs of the two genes. RESULTS More than 70 billion base pairs of raw sequence data were produced to sequence the 700-kb target area with a median redundancy of × 45 in 192 individuals. Most of the 4366 SNVs identified were rare and non-synonymous, indicating pathogenetic potential. Rare (frequency of < 1%) and low-frequency (< 5%) coding SNVs of ADAMTS13 were associated with DVT (prevalence 17% vs. 4%; odds ratio [OR] 4.8 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-15.0 for rare coding; prevalence 36% vs. 23%, OR 1.9 and 95% CI 1.0-3.5 for low-frequency coding). Patients with rare coding SNVs of ADAMTS13 had lower plasma levels of ADAMTS-13 activity than patients without them. SNVs of VWF were not associated with DVT. CONCLUSIONS We found an excess of rare coding SNVs of the ADAMTS13 gene in patients with DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Lotta
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Via Pace 9, Milan, Italy.
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Lotta LA, Maino A, Tuana G, Rossio R, Lecchi A, Artoni A, Peyvandi F. Prevalence of disease and relationships between laboratory phenotype and bleeding severity in platelet primary secretion defects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60396. [PMID: 23565241 PMCID: PMC3614926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of platelet primary secretion defects (PSD) among patients with bleeding diathesis is unknown. Moreover, there is paucity of data on the determinants of bleeding severity in PSD patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of PSD in patients with clinical bleeding and to study the relationships between the type of platelet defect and bleeding severity. METHODS Data on patients referred for bleeding to the Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan (Italy) in the years between 2008 and 2012 were retrieved to study the prevalence of PSD. Demographic, clinical and laboratory information on 32 patients with a diagnosis of PSD was used to compare patients with or without associated medical conditions and to investigate whether or not the type and extension of platelet defects were associated with the bleeding severity score (crude and age-normalized) or with the age at first bleeding requiring medical attention. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of PSD among 207 patients with bleeding diathesis and bleeding severity score above 4 was 18.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.1-24.7%). Patients without associated medical conditions had earlier age of first bleeding (18 vs 45 years; difference: -27 years; 95% CI: -46 to -9 years) and different platelet functional defect patterns (Fisher's exact test of the distribution of patterns, P = 0.007) than patients with accompanying medical conditions. The type and extension of platelet defect was not associated with the severity of bleeding. CONCLUSIONS PSD is found in approximately one fifth of patients with clinical bleeding. In patients with PSD, the type and extension of laboratory defect was not associated with bleeding severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca A. Lotta
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca′ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Maino
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca′ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tuana
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca′ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
- Hematology 1 CTMO, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca′ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rossio
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca′ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Lecchi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca′ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Artoni
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca′ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca′ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Case report: use of thienopyridines in a patient with acquired idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2013; 34:416-8. [PMID: 22450533 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Thienopyridines are commonly used anti-platelet drugs that may be associated with the development of secondary, drug-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a rare but potentially life threatening condition. We report the case of a 70 year-old man with a history of recurrent idiopathic TTP episodes who was treated with clopidogrel and then ticlopidine for thromboprophylaxis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Treatment was successful with no signs of TTP recurrence. Platelet counts and ADAMTS13 activity levels remained normal for months after the initiation of anti-platelet therapy, with no reappearance of anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies. This report demonstrates that thienopyridines do not necessarily induce TTP in patients with a history of TTP who are in disease remission.
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The emerging concept of residual ADAMTS13 activity in ADAMTS13-deficient thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood Rev 2013; 27:71-6. [PMID: 23415418 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare, life-threatening disease characterized by acute episodes of widespread microvascular thrombosis. The discovery that the plasmatic activity of the von Willebrand factor cleaving protease, ADAMTS13, is severely deficient in patients with TTP partially clarified the pathophysiology of the disease. However, the finding of severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 alone is unable to fully explain the clinical heterogeneity of the disease. The recent development of methods that measure ADAMTS13 activity with great analytical precision offers the opportunity to define the relationships between levels of ADAMTS13 activity below 10% (herein defined as "residual ADAMTS13 activity") and the clinical manifestations of the disease. Recent studies suggest that the amount of residual activity of ADAMTS13 may be a major determinant of the clinical heterogeneity of TTP. Herein, we review the recent findings on residual ADAMTS13 activity and their implications for research and clinical practice in the field.
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Lotta LA, Wu HM, Cairo A, Bentivoglio G, Peyvandi F. Drop of residual plasmatic activity of ADAMTS13 to undetectable levels during acute disease in a patient with adult-onset congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 50:59-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Lotta LA, Degasperi E, Aghemo A, Ferrari B, Peyvandi F, Colombo M. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon-α in a patient with recurrent autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Transfus Med 2012; 23:66-68. [PMID: 23106108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2012.01197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Lotta
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, U.O.S. Dipartimentale per la Diagnosi e la Terapia delle Coagulopatie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Luigi Villa Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - E Degasperi
- A.M. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease, 1st Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Aghemo
- A.M. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease, 1st Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - B Ferrari
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, U.O.S. Dipartimentale per la Diagnosi e la Terapia delle Coagulopatie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Luigi Villa Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - F Peyvandi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, U.O.S. Dipartimentale per la Diagnosi e la Terapia delle Coagulopatie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Luigi Villa Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - M Colombo
- A.M. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease, 1st Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Bettoni G, Palla R, Valsecchi C, Consonni D, Lotta LA, Trisolini SM, Mancini I, Musallam KM, Rosendaal FR, Peyvandi F. ADAMTS-13 activity and autoantibodies classes and subclasses as prognostic predictors in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1556-65. [PMID: 22672482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare life-threatening disease. Of surviving patients, 45% develops an exacerbation or a late recurrence. Severe ADAMTS-13 deficiency, both during the acute episode and remission, is a well-established predictor of recurrence. The predictive value of anti-ADAMTS-13 antibodies, their inhibitory activity and Ig class subtype for disease recurrence is still to be established. OBJECTIVES To analyze ADAMTS-13-related biomarkers (ADAMTS-13 and anti-ADAMTS-13 immunoglobulins, classes and subclasses) and their potential relationship with prognosis. PATIENTS/METHODS In 115 patients with TTP, we assessed the association between levels of these biomarkers and the severity of acute episodes; we analysed also the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of recurrence in association with biomarkers levels retrieved at the previous acute episode or during remission, using Cox regression models. RESULTS During the acute phase, higher IgA, IgG1 and IgG3 titers showed the strongest association with acute episode severity. In the survival analyzes, the only biomarker significantly associated with a high hazard of recurrence after an acute episode was the presence of IgG. Conversly, low ADAMTS-13 activity or antigen levels (<10%), the presence of ADAMTS-13 inhibitor or IgG during remission were all significantly associated with a higher hazard of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Both the Ig class and subclass are of predictive value for acute episode severity in patients with TTP. Although markers that could predict the risk of recurrence in the acute phase are limited, a thorough assessment of ADAMTS-13-related parameters during remission is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bettoni
- U.O.S. Dipartimentale per la Diagnosi e la Terapia delle Coagulopatie, A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Luigi Villa Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Residual plasmatic activity of ADAMTS13 is correlated with phenotype severity in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2012; 120:440-8. [PMID: 22529288 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-403113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantification of residual plasmatic ADAMTS13 activity in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) patients is constrained by limitations in sensitivity and reproducibility of commonly used assays at low levels of ADAMTS13 activity, blunting efforts to establish genotype-phenotype correlations. In the present study, the residual plasmatic activity of ADAMTS13 was measured centrally by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (limit of detection = 0.5%) in 29 congenital TTP patients. The results were used to study correlations among ADAMTS13 genotype, residual plasmatic activity, and clinical phenotype severity. An ADAMTS13 activity above 0.5% was measured in 26 (90%) patients and lower levels of activity were associated with earlier age at first TTP episode requiring plasma infusion, more frequent recurrences, and prescription of fresh-frozen plasma prophylaxis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that activity levels of less than 2.74% and 1.61% were discriminative of age at first TTP episode requiring plasma infusion < 18 years, annual rate of TTP episodes > 1, and use of prophylaxis. Mutations affecting the highly conserved N-terminal domains of the protein were associated with lower residual ADAMTS13 activity and a more severe phenotype in an allelic-dose dependent manner. The results of the present study show that residual ADAMTS13 activity is associated with the severity of clinical phenotype in congenital TTP and provide insights into genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Stufano F, LA Marca S, Pontiggia S, Musallam KM, Peyvandi F. von Willebrand factor propeptide to antigen ratio in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:728-30. [PMID: 22268915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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