1
|
Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Martin
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Long-standing tachycardia is a well-recognised cause of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, and has led to the nomenclature, tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC). TIC is generally a reversible cardiomyopathy if the causative tachycardia can be treated effectively, either with medications, surgery or catheter ablation. The diagnosis is usually made after demonstrating recovery of left ventricular function with normalisation of heart rate in the absence of other identifiable aetiologies. One hundred years after the first reported case of TIC, our understanding of the pathophysiology of TIC in humans remains limited despite extensive work in animal models of TIC. In this review we will discuss the proposed mechanisms of TIC, the causative tachyarrhythmias and their treatment, outcomes for patients diagnosed with TIC, and future directions for research and clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan R Ellis
- Clinical Fellow, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Mark E Josephson
- Herman C. Dana Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Chief of the Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Director, Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute and Arrhythmia Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, US
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nonreentrant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with structural heart disease unrelated to abnormal myocardial substrate. Heart Rhythm 2014; 11:946-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
David M, Rothman S, Shapiro T. First reported case of recurrent tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy due to atrial flutter. QJM 2014; 107:383-6. [PMID: 22179101 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcr255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M David
- MD, Department of General Medicine, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Impact of atrial fibrillation-induced tachycardiomyopathy in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:4093-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Abstract
Tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy is a cause of ventricular dysfunction due to, at least partially, persistent tachycardia leading to cellular and extracellular perturbations. Cardiomyopathy may take years to develop, but pharmacologic management to achieve rate control and reverse remodeling, as well as cardioversion or ablative strategies to stop the tachycardia, can result in rapid recovery from symptoms and gradual improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction. However, ultrastructural changes can remain and may lead to a rapid decline in ventricular function if tachycardia recurs. Ultrastructural changes may also explain a propensity toward sudden death even if the ejection fraction normalizes. Although the etiology, pathophysiology, and late clinical manifestations of tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy are beginning to be understood, investigation continues, focusing on prevention, early recognition, and acute and long-term management in an attempt to lessen heart failure and prevent risk of sudden death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Gopinathannair
- University of Iowa Hospitals, 200 Hawkins Drive, 4426a JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Recovery and recurrence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 2009; 25:e147-50. [PMID: 19417864 DOI: 10.1016/s0828-282x(09)70497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients with nonischemic left ventricular (LV) systolic failure recover to have normal LV systolic function. However, few studies on the rates of recovery and recurrence have been reported, and no definitive indicators that can predict the recurrence of LV dysfunction in recovered idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCMP) patients have been determined. It was hypothesized that patients who recovered from nonischemic LV dysfunction have a substantial risk for recurrent heart failure. METHODS Forty-two patients (32 men) with IDCMP (mean [+/- SD] age 56.9+/-8.7 years) who recovered from systolic heart failure (LV ejection fraction [LVEF] of 26.5+/-6.9% at initial presentation) to a near-normal state (LVEF of 40% or greater, and a 10% increase or greater in absolute value) were monitored for recurrence of LV systolic dysfunction. Patients with significant coronary artery disease were excluded. Patients were monitored for 41.0+/-26.3 months after recovery (LVEF 53.4+/-7.6%) from LV dysfunction. RESULTS LV systolic dysfunction reappeared (LVEF 27.5+/-8.1%) during the follow-up period in eight of 42 patients (19.0%). No significant difference between the groups with or without recurrent heart failure was observed in the baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics. However, more patients in the recurred IDCMP group than those in the group that maintained the recovery state had discontinued antiheart failure medication (62.5% versus 5.9%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS LV dysfunction recurs in some patients with reversible IDCMP. The recurrence was significantly correlated with the discontinuation of antiheart failure drugs. The results suggest that continuous medical therapy may be mandatory in patients who recover from LV systolic dysfunction.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeong Y, Choi K, Song J, Hwang E, Park K, Nam G, Kim J, Kim Y. Diagnostic approach and treatment strategy in tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Clin Cardiol 2008; 31:172-8. [PMID: 18404727 PMCID: PMC6653168 DOI: 10.1002/clc.20161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the absence of differential guidelines for heart failure with tachyarrhythmia, it is difficult to diagnose tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) at the initial visit. Furthermore, clinical outcomes of rate versus rhythm control in TIC are unclear. HYPOTHESIS Because the etiology of TIC is different from dynamic cardiomyoplasty (DCMP), differential parameters may be present. METHODS We assessed 21 patients with TIC (15 men; mean age, 50+/-14 years) and 21 control patients with idiopathic DCMP. We assessed clinical courses, echocardiographic parameters, as well as outcomes by treatment. RESULTS In the TIC group, the related tachyarrhythmias were atrial fibrillation (n=12), atrial flutter (n=5), atrial tachycardia (n=3) and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (n=1). After treatment, all patients became asymptomatic and the ejection fraction (EF) improvement (DeltaEF>or=15%) was observed in all patients (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], 30+/-11%initial versus 58+/-6%last). In the idiopathic DCMP group, no patient showed EF improvement (EF increase CONCLUSIONS In patients presented as heart failure with tachyarrhythmia, initial echocardiographic parameters, especially LV end-diastolic dimension, help to differentiate TIC from idiopathic DCMP. Rate control was as effective as rhythm control for EF improvement and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Hoon Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee‐Joon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong‐Min Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui‐Seock Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung‐Min Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi‐Byoung Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae‐Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - You‐Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weidenbach M, Springer T, Daehnert I, Klingel K, Doll S, Janoušek J. Giant Cell Myocarditis Mimicking Idiopathic Fascicular Ventricular Tachycardia. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27:238-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
11
|
Taieb JM, Maury P, Shah D, Duparc A, Galinier M, Delay M, Morice R, Alfares A, Barnay C. Reversal of dilated cardiomyopathy by the elimination of frequent left or right premature ventricular contractions. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2007; 20:9-13. [PMID: 17940858 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-007-9157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RF ablation of frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVC) has recently been shown to improve left ventricular (LV) systolic function and dimensions in a few patients, however mainly when they originated from the right ventricular outflow tract. METHODS RF ablation was performed at various ventricular locations in six consecutive patients with frequent, isolated PVC associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Baseline clinical status, PVC counts, LV ejection fraction (EF) and end-diastolic diameter (EDD) were recorded at baseline and at 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS PVC ablation was performed in the right ventricle in four patients, the left ventricle in two patients. Before RF ablation, five patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I, and one patient was in class II. After RF ablation, the mean PVC count/24 h decreased from 17,717 +/- 7,100 to 268 +/- 366 (p = 0.006) while LVEF increased from 42 +/- 2.5% to 57 +/- 3% (p = 0.0001) and LVEDD decreased from 60.0 +/- 3.5 to 54.0 +/- 3.7 mm (p = 0.0009). The clinical status normalized with regression of palpitations and NYHA class. CONCLUSIONS Elimination of frequent isolated PVC in patients with DCM with RF can normalize the clinical status and LV systolic function and dimensions, regardless of the morphology or origin of the PVC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome M Taieb
- Cardiology, Hospital Center of Aix en Provence, Avenue des Tamaris, Aix en Provence, 13616, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fujino T, Yamashita T, Suzuki S, Sugiyma H, Sagara K, Sawada H, Aizawa T, Igarashi M, Yamazaki J. Characteristics of Congestive Heart Failure Accompanied by Atrial Fibrillation With Special Reference to Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Circ J 2007; 71:936-40. [PMID: 17526993 DOI: 10.1253/circj.71.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained tachycardia causes left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction leading to heart failure (HF), which is widely known as "tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC)", but its prevalence and prognosis in Japanese remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Of 213 consecutive patients with HF associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) requiring hospitalization (n=213) between January 1999 and December 2004, and 104 (83 males, 67+/-12.6 years) were identified as not having any structural heart disease. Of them 41 (39%) had a normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF) at the initial admission, and the remaining patients fell into 2 groups: those with rapid (<6 months) normalization of the LVEF after AF management (presumed TIC, 30 patients, 29%) and those with persistent LV systolic dysfunction (dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 33 patients, 32%). Although the B-type natriuretic peptide value and LVEF did not differ between the 2 groups, the LV size on admission was significantly smaller in the TIC group (LV end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) 57.6+/-7.2, LV end-systolic dimension (LVDs) 49.4+/-8.0) than in the DCM group (LVDd 63.4 +/-8.8, LVDs 55.3+/-9.6, p<0.05). During a follow-up period of 42.1+/-21.2 months, cardiac death and recurrent HF hospitalization were significantly less frequent in the TIC group than in the DCM group. CONCLUSIONS In AF-associated HF requiring hospitalization, TIC is the presumed cause in approximately one-third of patients without any previously known structural heart disease. That particular group is characterized by a relatively smaller LV and better prognosis under medical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Fujino
- Cardiovascular Institute Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yarlagadda RK, Iwai S, Stein KM, Markowitz SM, Shah BK, Cheung JW, Tan V, Lerman BB, Mittal S. Reversal of Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Repetitive Monomorphic Ventricular Ectopy Originating From the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract. Circulation 2005; 112:1092-7. [PMID: 16103234 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.546432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy caused by ventricular tachycardia is a well-defined clinical entity. Less well appreciated is whether simple ventricular ectopy can result in cardiomyopathy. We sought to examine a potential causal relationship between repetitive monomorphic ventricular ectopy originating from the right ventricular outflow tract and cardiomyopathy and the role of ablation in reversing this process.
Methods and Results—
The study consisted of 27 patients (11 men; age, 47±15 years) with repetitive monomorphic ventricular ectopy, including 8 patients (30%) with depressed ventricular function (ejection fraction ≤45%). All patients underwent assessment of cardiac structure and function. The burden of ectopy was quantified through 24-hour Holter monitoring. Patients then underwent ablation guided by 3D mapping. After ablation, patients underwent repeated Holter monitoring and reassessment of cardiac function. Patients with depressed ventricular function were more likely to be older than patients with normal function (58±14 versus 42±18 years;
P
=0.013). However, the burden of ventricular ectopy was similar in patients with (17 859±13 488 ectopic beats per 24 hours) and without (17 541±11 479 ectopic beats per 24 hours;
P
=0.800) preserved ventricular function. Successful ablation was performed in 23 patients (85%), including 7 of 8 patients with depressed ventricular function. In this latter group, ventricular function improved in all patients (from 39±6% to 62±6%;
P
=0.017).
Conclusions—
Repetitive monomorphic ventricular ectopy (in the absence of sustained ventricular tachycardia) originating from the right ventricular outflow tract is an underappreciated cause of unexplained cardiomyopathy. Successful ablation of the focal source of ventricular ectopy results in normalization of left ventricular function. Patients with ectopy-induced cardiomyopathy are significantly older than patients with preserved ventricular function, which suggests either that older patients are more susceptible to the development of a cardiomyopathy or that the cardiomyopathy has had a longer period of time in which to evolve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Yarlagadda
- Maurice and Corinne Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Cornell University Medical Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nerheim P, Birger-Botkin S, Piracha L, Olshansky B. Heart Failure and Sudden Death in Patients With Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy and Recurrent Tachycardia. Circulation 2004; 110:247-52. [PMID: 15226218 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000135472.28234.cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy is a reversible cause of heart failure. We hypothesized that although left ventricular ejection fraction measurements normalize after heart rate or rhythm control in patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, recurrent tachycardia may have abrupt and deleterious consequences. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy that developed over years were evaluated and treated. Tachycardia episodes and outcomes were assessed. Twenty-four patients were identified. All had NYHA functional class III heart failure or greater on presentation. One third were heart transplant candidates. There were 17 men and 7 women with a mean age of 46+/-16 years and mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.26+/-0.09 at the index visit. The cause was atrial fibrillation (n=13), atrial flutter (n=4), atrial tachycardia (n=3), idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (n=1), permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (n=2), and bigeminal ventricular premature contractions (n=1). Within 6 months of rate control or correction of the rhythm, left ventricular ejection fraction improved or normalized and symptoms abated in all. Five patients had tachycardia recur. In these patients, left ventricular ejection fraction dropped precipitously and heart failure ensued within 6 months, even though the initial impairment took years. Rate control eliminated heart failure and improved or normalized ejection fraction in 6 months. Three of 24 patients died suddenly and unexpectedly. CONCLUSIONS Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy develops slowly and appears reversible by left ventricular ejection fraction improvement, but recurrent tachycardia causes rapid decline in left ventricular function and development of heart failure. Sudden death is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Nerheim
- University of Iowa Hospitals, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Systolic dysfunction associated with chronic tachyarrhythmias, known as tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, is a reversible form of heart failure characterized by left ventricular dilatation that is usually reversible once the tachyarrhythmia is controlled. Its development is related to both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. The diagnosis is usually made following observation of a marked improvement in systolic function after normalization of heart rate. Clinicians should be aware that patients with unexplained systolic dysfunction may have tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, and that controlling the arrhythmia may result in improvement and even complete normalization of systolic function.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology
- Catheter Ablation
- Humans
- Tachycardia, Supraventricular/complications
- Tachycardia, Supraventricular/physiopathology
- Tachycardia, Supraventricular/therapy
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/complications
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Umana
- Division of Cardiology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gonska BD. Catheter ablation of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia: pathophysiological insights and electroanatomical mapping. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2001; 5:215-7. [PMID: 11342761 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011446012564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B D Gonska
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincentius Hospital Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shimoike E, Ueda N, Maruyama T, Kaji Y. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of upper septal idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia exhibiting left bundle branch block morphology. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000; 11:203-7. [PMID: 10709716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic left ventricular (LV) tachycardia usually exhibits right bundle branch block morphology. There are only a few sporadic cases that exhibit left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphology. We report a patient whose QRS complex during ventricular tachycardia (VT) was relatively narrow (100 msec) and exhibited LBBB (precordial R wave transition between V3 and V4) and a normal frontal plane axis. This VT was ablated successfully by radiofrequency current applied to the LV upper septum, where the earliest endocardial activation was recorded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Shimoike
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|