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Dahiya G, Wetzel A, Kyvernitakis A, Gevenosky L, Williams R, Shah M, Farah V, Doyle M, Biederman RW. Impact of magnetic resonance imaging on functional integrity of non-conditional cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2021; 44:1312-1319. [PMID: 34133778 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have historically restricted the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to the potential clinical and configurational risks associated with electromagnetic interference. In this study, the authors investigated the impact of MRI on the functional integrity of non-conditional CIEDs and their clinical correlates. METHODS In this prospective, observational single-center study, we enrolled patients undergoing MRI over a 5-year period. Prior to assessing the impact of MRI on CIEDs, we performed interrogations in sequential duplication to assess the intrinsic variability of devices. Subsequently, we performed interrogations immediately after MRI, and monitored changes in device parameters and clinical events. RESULTS We completed 492 MRI studies, 58% in patients with permanent pacemakers (PPMs) and 42% with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Subsequent MRI exposures occurred in 15% encounters. Accounting for intrinsic variability in CIED leads, there were no significant changes in RA, RV, or LV parameters after MRI, regardless of the region imaged (thoracic vs. non-thoracic), type of CIED (PPMs vs. ICDs) and among those with serial MRIs. When ranked for % change pre- to post-MRI, the majority of RA, RV, and LV metrics for thresholds, sensing, and impedance conformed to ≤20% change from baseline. No significant clinical adverse cardiac events or effect on device microcircuitry occurred during the study. CONCLUSION Incorporating a novel reproducibility tactic, there were neither clinically meaningful device parameter changes nor adverse clinical events during or following MRIs, suggesting the effects of MRI on non-conditional CIED integrity are far less than previously perceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Dahiya
- Departments of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adam Wetzel
- Radiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andreas Kyvernitakis
- Cardiovascular Disease, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Loretta Gevenosky
- Cardiovascular Disease, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular MRI Research and Development, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald Williams
- Cardiovascular Disease, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular MRI Research and Development, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Moneal Shah
- Cardiovascular Disease, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular MRI Research and Development, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victor Farah
- Cardiovascular Disease, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Doyle
- Cardiovascular Disease, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular MRI Research and Development, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Ww Biederman
- Cardiovascular Disease, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular MRI Research and Development, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Nazarian S, Hansford R, Rahsepar AA, Weltin V, McVeigh D, Gucuk Ipek E, Kwan A, Berger RD, Calkins H, Lardo AC, Kraut MA, Kamel IR, Zimmerman SL, Halperin HR. Safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Cardiac Devices. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:2555-2564. [PMID: 29281579 PMCID: PMC5894885 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1604267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who have pacemakers or defibrillators are often denied the opportunity to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of safety concerns, unless the devices meet certain criteria specified by the Food and Drug Administration (termed "MRI-conditional" devices). METHODS We performed a prospective, nonrandomized study to assess the safety of MRI at a magnetic field strength of 1.5 Tesla in 1509 patients who had a pacemaker (58%) or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (42%) that was not considered to be MRI-conditional (termed a "legacy" device). Overall, the patients underwent 2103 thoracic and nonthoracic MRI examinations that were deemed to be clinically necessary. The pacing mode was changed to asynchronous mode for pacing-dependent patients and to demand mode for other patients. Tachyarrhythmia functions were disabled. Outcome assessments included adverse events and changes in the variables that indicate lead and generator function and interaction with surrounding tissue (device parameters). RESULTS No long-term clinically significant adverse events were reported. In nine MRI examinations (0.4%; 95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.7), the patient's device reset to a backup mode. The reset was transient in eight of the nine examinations. In one case, a pacemaker with less than 1 month left of battery life reset to ventricular inhibited pacing and could not be reprogrammed; the device was subsequently replaced. The most common notable change in device parameters (>50% change from baseline) immediately after MRI was a decrease in P-wave amplitude, which occurred in 1% of the patients. At long-term follow-up (results of which were available for 63% of the patients), the most common notable changes from baseline were decreases in P-wave amplitude (in 4% of the patients), increases in atrial capture threshold (4%), increases in right ventricular capture threshold (4%), and increases in left ventricular capture threshold (3%). The observed changes in lead parameters were not clinically significant and did not require device revision or reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS We evaluated the safety of MRI, performed with the use of a prespecified safety protocol, in 1509 patients who had a legacy pacemaker or a legacy implantable cardioverter-defibrillator system. No long-term clinically significant adverse events were reported. (Funded by Johns Hopkins University and the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01130896 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Nazarian
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Rozann Hansford
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Amir A Rahsepar
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Valeria Weltin
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Diana McVeigh
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Esra Gucuk Ipek
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Alan Kwan
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Ronald D Berger
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Hugh Calkins
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Albert C Lardo
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Michael A Kraut
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Ihab R Kamel
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Stefan L Zimmerman
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Henry R Halperin
- From the Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.N.); and the Departments of Medicine-Cardiology (S.N., R.H., A.A.R., V.W., D.M., E.G.I., A.K., R.D.B., H.C., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Epidemiology (S.N.), Radiology (A.C.L., M.A.K., I.R.K., S.L.Z., H.R.H.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.D.B., A.C.L., H.R.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
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